hybridization
TRANSCRIPT
Hybridization
When you make sp3 hybrid orbitals all 4 atomic orbitals
become hybridized to yield 4 identical hybrid orbitals.
Sp3 Hybridization in methane
H1s
H1s
H1s
H1s
Formation of a single bond (sigma bond)
Each C in ethylene is sp2 hybridized
The first bond forms from the head on
overlap of the sp2 hybrid orbitals
Each C in ethylene is sp2 hybridized
The first bond forms from the head on
overlap of the sp2 hybrid orbitals
Formation of a single bond (sigma bond)
Hybrid orbitals that come together in a head
on collision will always form a sigma bond
Each C in ethylene is sp2 hybridized
The first bond forms from the head on
overlap of the sp2 hybrid orbitals
Single bonds are
called sigma bonds
Formation of a single bond (sigma bond)
H1s
H1s
H1s
H1s
Single bonds are
called sigma bonds
(σ)
How does the double bond form?
σ bond
The second bond is formed from the side-
to-side overlap of the unchanged p orbital
Formation of a double bond (pi bond)
σ bond
The second bond is formed from the side-
to-side overlap of the unchanged p orbital
Formation of a double bond (pi bond)
σ bond
The second bond is formed from the side-
to-side overlap of the unchanged p orbital
Formation of a double bond (pi bond)
σ bond
The second bond is formed from the side-
to-side overlap of the unchanged p orbital
Formation of a double bond (pi bond)
σ bond
The second bond is formed from the side-
to-side overlap of the unchanged p orbital
Formation of a double bond (pi bond)
σ bond
The second bond is formed from the side-
to-side overlap of the unchanged p orbital
Formation of a double bond (pi bond)
Double bonds occur from the combination
of one sigma bond and one pi bond (π)
σ bond
π bond
π bond
When you make sp hybrids, two atomic p orbitals
(Pz and Py) remain unchanged
πThe sp hybrid
orbitals will form
sigma bonds
pz
Sp Hybridization
spsp
The p orbitals
are available
for further π
bonding
σ
sigma bonds
σ
π
Two P orbitals available ���� two pi bonds
���� triple bond can be formed (1 σ and 2 π)