hydozen fuel cell vehicles
TRANSCRIPT
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HYDROGEN FUEL
CELL VEHICLESSUBMITTED TO:
MR. GAURANG DEEP
[MECHANICAL ENGG. DEPT.]
SUBMITTED BY:ABHAY YADAV
ME-10
REG. NO.-104001
17/8/2012
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CONTENTS
Why do we need a new fuel source?
Where will hydrogen come from?Alternate fuel vehicles
Hydrogen fuel cell
How a hydrogen fuel cell works?
Fuel cell vehicles and Issues
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle infrastructure
Applications of fuel cell technology
Economics,Recommendation
Conclusion
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How will hydrogen fuel cells change
the world?
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Why Do We Need a New Fuel
Source?Currently our machinery runs on oil
Oil pollutes and there are limited supplies
Hydrogen is the most abundant elementin the known universe
Hydrogen fuel cells do not pollute
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Where Will Hydrogen Come
From?Hydrogen is not readily available for
consumer use yet.
To get around this problem, hydrogen will
be extracted from other, more
conventional types of fuels by a device
called a reformer.
A fuel like natural gas is reformed into
hydrogen which will then go on to power
a fuel cell.
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Where Will Hydrogen Come
From?Natural gas comes from mostly the US, so
even before the switch to pure hydrogen is
made, we will get our fuel domestically.
Natural gas production could peak by
2025
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Alternate Fuel Vehicles
Hybrids
Here now, but still
require gas
Ethanol/E85
Pushed by GM
More expensive, just
as dirty?
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Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Internal Combustion
Hydrogen
Slightly modified form
of internal combustionengine
Burns hydrogen,
produces pure water
exhaust Serious range
problems
BMW has broken severalspeed records forhydrogen cars and isbanking on cars that canrun successfully on bothgas and hydrogen
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Hydrogen Fuel Cells
An old idea whose time has come
Fuel cells invented in 1838 by Swiss scientist
Christian Friedrich Schnbein
Aspects of engines as well as batteries
No pollution emitted
PEM FCs ideal for light-duty vehicles,
buildings & much smaller applications
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How A Hydrogen Fuel Cell Works
Hydrogen fuel cells are very efficient compared
to what we have now.
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Fuel Cell Vehicles
Being pushed by car companies themselves DaimlerChrysler Several test cars in Japan and
Singapore; UPS vans in 2003-04 in U.S.
Ford 40-60 vehicles in Germany, Canada,California; widespread production by 2010
GM wants to be first company to sell 1M FCVprofitably; started with fuel cell backup systems in2005. Prototype is Hy-wire
Also Honda, Nissan, Toyota, Hyundai, VW, Mazda,others have FCV prototypes on the road
Severing connection with gas prices?
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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Issues
Storage is
complicated
Limited range
Expensive fuel
Still a fossil fuel?
Energy carrier, notenergy source
*Infrastructure*
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Hydrogen Sources
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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle
Infrastructure
Hydrogen Production
Almost all of the hydrogen produced in the U.S. today
is by steam reforming of natural gas
Produce hydrogen directly from new nuclear powerreactors?
R&D into several new methods:
Biological Water Splitting
Photoelectrochemical Water SplittingReforming of Biomass and Wastes
Solar Thermal Water Splitting
Renewable Electrolysis
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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle
Infrastructure
The Hydrogen Highway
Worlds first hydrogen
refueling station opened
in Iceland in 2003
California & Florida have
both approved funding
BC Hydrogen Highwaywill link Vancouver &
Whistler by start of 2010
Winter Olympic Games
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Environment
Why we are pursuing Hydrogen FCVs(?)
Emissions free
There are costs associated withenvironmental
damage
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Hydrogen Powered Cars
Hydrogen cars run clean.
500 cubic tons of carbon removed from
atmosphere by 2040
New design possibilities
because of compact
hydrogen fuel cellstack.
Stack of 200 cells
is the size of a
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Hydrogen Powered Cars
Quieter operation than normal cars
because of no moving parts in the fuel cell
stack and electric motors at the wheels.
Possibility of interchangeable bodies.
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Honda FCX Concept Car
Max speed 93 Mph
80hp produced
201 lb-ft torqueNo snap-on body
More realistic
5th generation
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Storage & Efficiency
Two storage options1. Produce the hydrogen on the ground and then store
it onboard the vehicle (the direct hydrogen option)
2. Produce the hydrogen on the vehicle by means of a
tiny onboard hydrogen plant (the onboard fuelprocessor option)
Hydrogen FCs 2 times as efficient as internalcombustion
Internal combustion efficiency 15-25% Hydrogen FCs 50-60%
Estimates that FC Vehicles can achieveequivalent of 80 miles/gallon gasoline.
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Applications of Fuel Cell
Technology
Cars
Buses
Space Travel & ExplorationAirplanes
Submarines
Off-grid Power SupplyCombined Heat & Power
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Economics
Current projections several times theprice of standard cars
Flexibility of oil industry
Manipulation of supply to keep oil just cheapenough
At what point does it become worthwhile toconsumers?
Cost of gas + environmental costs + dependencycosts (political, militarily, social) > Cost of fuel cellcars + hydrogen fuel???
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Economics
Only 2 ways to reduce
our dependence on
foreign oil
Increase production Decrease demand
The push for hydrogen
fuel cell technology in
cars represents thesecond
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So Where Are We At?
Hydrogen is only type of energy that can provide
a wholesale substitute for foreign oil within a
decade
Clean, twice as efficient as internal combustion,and plentiful
But like manned space flight in early 60s,
hydrogen fuel cells are proven but primitive
Do we need a 10 year goal ala Kennedy?
Currently several times (10x?) more expensive
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Recommendation
We should aggressively pursue hydrogen fuelcell vehicles
There are definite issues, but nothing compared
to the economic, political and environmentalissues associated with being wholly dependenton oil.
A Kennedy-type goal, combined with gas prices
continuing to rise at the current rate could get usthere by 2010-15, possibly even sooner.
Americans will need to look beyond the stickerprice
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Conclusion
Hydrogen fuel cells will dramatically
change our cars, how are homes and
businesses are powered and heated, and
it both positively and negatively changeplaces like the Middle East and third world
countries. They will also clean up the
worlds air.
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Bibliography
How Does a Fuel Cell Work.
http://www.utcfuelcells.com/fuelcell/how_fl.shtml
Hydrogen Fuel Initiative Can Make Fundamental
Difference: Remarks by the President on Energy
Independence.http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/release/2003/02
Lavelle, Marianne. Living Without Oil. US News
and World Report. 17 Feb.2003. Page 32.
Rifkin, Jeremy. The Hydrogen Economy.
Tarcher/Putnam. New York. 2002.
U.S. Oil Imports - Top 10 Countries of Origin.
http://www.ott.doe.gov/facts/archives/fotw246.shtml
http://www.utcfuelcells.com/fuelcell/how_fl.shtmlhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/news/release/2003/02http://www.ott.doe.gov/facts/archives/fotw246.shtmlhttp://www.ott.doe.gov/facts/archives/fotw246.shtmlhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/news/release/2003/02http://www.utcfuelcells.com/fuelcell/how_fl.shtml -
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THANK
YOU
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QUESTIONS???