hydrocarbon transportation by pipeline
TRANSCRIPT
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Hydrocarbon Transportation by Pipeline Industry Background
© PiPRO 2016
Transportation Research Board May 12 -13, 2016
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Summary Pipelines: The Last Five Years
The shale revolution was brought about by the favorable conditions of increased supply and demand, high crude prices and improved technology.
These conditions provided an economic environment that encouraged many new producers to enter the industry.
The Federal and State regulators supported the development of new pipelines, and where not feasible, other modes of transportation were utilized.
The primary causes of environmental and safety incidents remain the same: – Corrosion – Equipment failure – Excavation – Incorrect operations – Material pipe/weld failure – Natural force – Outside force – Other
The increase in the number of miles of pipe and the increased volume of crude, natural gas and NGLs has had little impact on incidents and the historical trend of decline has continued.
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Near term crude oil prices are difficult to predict in today’s market but…
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PPTS vs. PHMSA Data
Unique Information in Each System: Some incidents reported to
one system but not the other Some incident data /
questions different between the systems
Use of both systems simultaneously enables robust data analysis.
PPTS PHMSA
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1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
PPTS & PHMSA Report Criteria Changes PPTS
PHMSA
All releases to water
Costs >$50,000
≥5 Gallons
Fire/Explosion
Death/Injury
Costs >$50,000 Costs >$5,000 Costs >$1,000
Death/Injury
Fire/Explosion
≥5 Gallons ≥50 Bbls or >5 Bbls/day HVL
CO2 Releases Reportable
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PHMSA Releases by Year
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
NUMBER OF RELEASES TANKONSHORE PIPELINEOFFSHOREFACILITY
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
BARRELS RELEASED TANKONSHORE PIPELINEOFFSHOREFACILITY
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PHMSA Releases by Location
56%
1%
33%
10%
RELEASES BY LOCATION (2010-2015)
FACILITY
OFFSHORE
ONSHOREPIPELINE
TANK
13%
0%
78%
9%
BARRELS RELEASED BY LOCATION (2010-2015)
FACILITY
OFFSHORE
ONSHOREPIPELINE
TANK
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PHMSA Releases by Cause
21%
44%
4%
14%
7%
4% 4% 2%
RELEASES BY CAUSE (2010-2015)
CORROSION
EQUIPMENTFAILUREEXCAVATION
INCORRECTOPERATIONMWF
NATURAL FORCE
OTHER
OUTSIDE FORCE
13%
18%
12%
6%
32%
10%
1% 8%
BARRELS RELEASED BY CAUSE (2010-2015)
CORROSION
EQUIPMENTFAILUREEXCAVATION
INCORRECTOPERATIONMWF
NATURAL FORCE
OTHER
OUTSIDE FORCE
MWF – Material Pipe/Weld Failures
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PHMSA Pipeline ROW
MWF – Material Pipe/Weld Failures
28%
25% 10%
7%
17%
3% 5%
5%
RELEASES BY CAUSE (2010-2015)
CORROSION
EQUIPMENTFAILUREEXCAVATION
INCORRECTOPERATIONMWF
NATURAL FORCE
OTHER
OUTSIDE FORCE
11%
7%
16%
4%
40%
11%
0% 11%
BARRELS RELEASED BY CAUSE (2010-2015)
CORROSION
EQUIPMENTFAILUREEXCAVATION
INCORRECTOPERATIONMWF
NATURAL FORCE
OTHER
OUTSIDE FORCE
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PHMSA Facility Releases
18%
56%
1%
16%
2% 4% 2% 1%
FACILITY RELEASES BY CAUSE (2010-2015)
CORROSION
EQUIPMENTFAILUREEXCAVATION
INCORRECTOPERATIONMWF
NATURAL FORCE
OTHER
OUTSIDE FORCE
13%
18%
12%
6%
32%
10%
1% 8%
BARRELS RELEASED BY CAUSE (2010-2015)
CORROSION
EQUIPMENTFAILUREEXCAVATION
INCORRECTOPERATIONMWF
NATURAL FORCE
OTHER
OUTSIDE FORCE
MWF – Material Pipe/Weld Failures
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Serious Onshore Accidents
12
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Public Property Damage Cost
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Public Safety Regulatory Structure
Interstate PHMSA
Intrastate Minimum standards dictated by PHMSA Process by determined by the individual states involved. National Association of Pipeline Safety Representatives (NAPSR)
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Regulatory Development Process For Crude and Gas Transmission Pipelines
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Prevention • Evaluating, inspecting, and maintaining pipelines through operator integrity
management programs to prevent releases • Billions are spent each year
• “Smart pigs” – high-tech diagnostic devices that travel inside pipelines to identify pipe irregularities; 90% detection rate
Mitigation • 24/7 control room operators reviewing information from instruments along pipeline • Shut-off valves to stop product flow within minutes and isolate pipelines where data
indicates a possible leak
Response • Response Plans are completed and shared with responders to ensure appropriate
action • Drills are conducted to practice a response
Industry has many methods to ensure and maintain pipeline operations
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Safety Improvement • Liquids pipeline incidents are down 50% since 1999.
• Specifically, releases caused by corrosion and third-party damage have decreased by 76% and 78%, respectively.
• Statistics show that incidents that do occur are very small in size and are contained in facilities, not along the right of way where public and the environment are impacted.
• 35% of releases in 2013 were smaller than 1 barrel and two-thirds of releases were 5 barrels or smaller
• 66% of incidents are within operator facilities such as pump stations or tank facilities, and one-third are along a pipeline right of way
Industry has many methods to ensure and maintain pipeline safety
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Natural Gas Pipeline Financial Regulatory Structure
Interstate Gas Transportation Once an interstate natural gas pipeline is built, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has the authority to ensure that pipeline rates are “just and reasonable.” These rates include operating and maintenance expenses and an allowed return on investment set as a percentage of the capital invested in facilities used to serve customers.
Intrastate
Public Utility Commissions Process by determined by the individual states involved.
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FERC Oil
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FERC Natural Gas
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FERC Major Pipeline Projects Pending (Onshore)
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FERC Approved Major Pipeline Projects
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Eminent Domain Definition
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Pipeline Conversion PHMSA’s Role
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New Pipelines A Changing Scene
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A Future Projection
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A Future Projection
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A Future Projection
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A Future Projection