hydrocarbons for domestic appliances dr.-ing. jürgen süss suess@danfoss vp r&d
DESCRIPTION
Hydrocarbons for Domestic Appliances Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Süss [email protected] VP R&D Brussels, October 2009. What is Danfoss?. Safe, approved state of the art technology Environmentally benign refrigerant Energy efficient solution Viable and cost competitive technology - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION
Hydrocarbons for Domestic Appliances
Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Süss
VP R&D
Brussels, October 2009
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION
What is Danfoss?
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION
Hydrocarbons (HCs)Primarily Isobutane R600a - domestic
• Safe, approved state of the art technology
• Environmentally benign refrigerant
• Energy efficient solution
• Viable and cost competitive technology
• Running mass production
• Focus on component evolution
• Over 350 million units globally since 1993
• Extended global technology penetration in process
Final refrigerant/application combination Short term technology changes are not expectedComponent supplier concentrates on component development OEM focuses on continuous appliance enhancement
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION
The Global Warming focus …
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION
GHG emissions of the refrigeration industry
Energy use for system operation “Indirect Emissions”
Refrigerant leakage/release“Direct Emissions”
• Mobile Air Conditioning (HFC)
• Commercial Refrigeration (Supermarket DX HFC)
• Unitary Air Condition/Heat Pump (HFC)
• Commercial Air Condition (HFC)
• Light Commercial Appliance SME (HFC)
• Water Chiller (HFC)
• Domestic Refrigerator (HFC)• Domestic Refrigerator (HC)
MAC DIRECTIVE 2006/40/EC
LeakageEnergy use
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION
How to cool right?
• Reverse Rankine• Stirling• Magneto caloric refrigeration• Vortex tube• Joule process• Peltier• Steam ejector• Absorption• Adsorption• ……….
The traditional compression process offers the best value proposition for HVAC&R industry
But which refrigerants and technologies should be use for greatest sustainability?
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION
• Physical properties1. Environmentally benign (Low GWP, no ODP, biodegradable)
2. Vapor pressure curve (reasonable pressures for application)
3. Low viscosity
4. Distinct miscibility with lubricants
5. Good water solubility
6. High electrical breakdown resistance
• Chemical properties1. High chemical stability
2. Low flammability
3. High chemical indifference
• Physiological properties1. No toxicity
2. noticeable smell
• Economical properties1. High energetic coefficient of performance
2. Volumetric refrigeration capacity
3. Circulating refrigerant mass
4. Availability
5. Cost
How do HCs as refrigerants???
Hyd
ro-
carb
ons
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION
Refrigerants options
… only 8 elements are really suitable for
refrigerant molecules
more flammable
more
toxic
Single fluids Blends Single fluids Blends Single fluids Blends
HCFC and HFCpartly chlorinated
HFCClorine free
“Low GWP”R134a drop in
Naturalhalogen free
Medium and LongTerm Refrigerants
Transitional/ServiceRefrigerants
Refrigerants
e.g. R22R123R124
R142b
R22-based:R402AR403AR408A
e.g.R134aR125R32
R143aR152a
e.g.R404AR507A
R407-seriesR410A
e.g.Blend H
Fluid DP-1Auto AC-1
R1234yf
e.g.R717R290
R1270R600aR170R744
e.g.R600a/R290R290/R170
R723
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION
Ozone Depletion and Global WarmingGlobal WarmingGlobal Warming Potential (GWP)Potential (GWP)100a100a
2.0002.000
4.0004.000
20.00020.000
R404AR404A
R600a,R600a,
NHNH33,,
air…air…
Montreal Protocol(in force)
Kyo
to P
roto
col
(wh
erev
er
we
cho
ose
to
go
…)
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION
Where are HCs applied already today? (Besides Domestic applications)
• Bottle coolers
• Glass door merchandisers1 door2 door - to large extend
• Ice cream freezers/chest freezers
• Commercial refrigerators and freezers
600 liters and above
…any self-contained system with up to 150 g of refrigerant charge
…and Industrial Refrigeration – Petrochemical Industry
simple rule of thumb: 1 g HC has the same refrigeration capacity as 2 g HFC
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION
How to push HCs further?
More refrigeration capacityout of less refrigerant massin more energy efficient and safe systems…
Liability:
1. Eliminate in a responsible way liability barriers
Technology:
1. Apply minimal refrigerant charge technologies
2. Set highest system efficiency standard based
on HC technology
3. Enhance safe (and efficient) operation by adding
intelligence/electronics to systems
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION
The refrigeration application map
Cooling capacity
Eva
po
rati
on
tem
per
atu
re
dom
estic
ref
riger
atio
n
stationary ACheat pumps
lightcommercialrefrigeration
commercialrefrigeration
industrialrefrigeration
mobileAC
Approved application of HCs
Technical feasibility proven-market acceptance pending
Longer term
Longer term
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION
The Danfoss’ way to reduce GHG emissions
• Develop low charge and low leakage solutions
• Enhance significantly the system’s energy efficiency e.g.by applying variable speed and enhancing component intelligenceas well as Ease of Use concepts …
• Support the application of low GWP (natural) refrigerants where commercially viable and technical feasibleNobody wants to save energy,
but everybody wants to save/make money