hydrology in land surface models jessie cherry international arctic research center & institute...
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Hydrology in Land Surface Models
Jessie CherryInternational Arctic Research Center & Institute of Northern Engineering
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Many LSMs classify vegetation by biomes
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Community Land Model• LSM for CCSM, CLM at version 3.5 (4.0 has been under
development for 5+ yrs)• The model formalizes and quantifies concepts of ecological
climatology• Model components consist of: biogeophysics, hydrologic cycle,
biogeochemistry and dynamic vegetation• 5 primary sub-grid land cover types (glacier, lake, wetland, urban,
vegetated)• The vegetated portion of a grid cell is further divided into patches
of plant functional types, each with its own leaf and stem area index and canopy height
• Each subgrid land cover type and PFT patch is a separate column for energy and water calculations
• T42 = 2.5 deg x 2.5 deg
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CLM Model Methodology• The model is designed to run in three different
configurations:• 1. Stand-alone executable code as part of the
Community Climate System Model (CCSM).• 2. A subroutine call within the Community
Atmosphere Model (CAM) in which CAM/CLM represent single executable code.
• 3. Stand-alone executable code in which the model is forced with atmospheric datasets. In this mode, the model runs on a spatial grid that can range from one point to global.
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Coupling Strategies
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Biogeophysics
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Hydrology and River Routing• Includes interception of water by plant foliage
and wood, throughfall and stemflow, infiltration, runoff, soil water, and snow
• Directly linked to the biogeophysics and also affect temperature, precipitation, and runoff
• Total runoff (surface and sub-surface drainage) are routed downstream to oceans using a river routing model only for the largest river systems
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River Routing
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Major Systems
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LSM Water Balance
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Separate River Transport Model
• A river transport model (RTM) (Branstetter et al., in prep) is synchronously coupled to the Community Land Model (CLM) for hydrological applications as well as for improved land-ocean-sea ice-atmosphere coupling in the Community Climate System Model (CCSM)
• This model was implemented on a 1/2 degree grid. Code internal to the land model interpolates the total runoff from the column hydrology (e.g., T42, T31 grid) to the river routing 1/2 degree grid
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Dynamic Vegetation
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Model Component: Dynamic Vegetation
• Ecosystem Carbon Balance: the carbon cycle but also changes in community composition and vegetation structure in response to disturbance (e.g., fire, land use) and climate change
• There are two time-scales for this dynamics: Succession considers changes in community composition and vegetation structure over periods up to several hundred years, typically following disturbance such as fire or land use. Over longer-periods of times (e.g., centuries, millennia) the biogeography of vegetation changes in response to climate change.
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Succession/Change in Biogeography
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