hydromax™ siphonic (syphonic) roof drainage

HydroMax™ Siphonic Drainage

Leaders in Siphonic Drainage

Topics Covered

Brief History of Siphonic Drainage

General Principles of Gravity Rainwater Drainage

Principles of Siphonic Drainage

Benefits and applications of Siphonic Drainage

Installation and Maintenance

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• Prior to March 2007, there were no comprehensive product and design standards for siphonic drainage.

• As such siphonic drainage was promoted by suppliers in different formats with various slants aimed at their own offerings

• The HydroMax focus is on offering high quality, sustainable products with highly accurate and user friendly design software

• Our approach is to dispel the “smoke and mirrors” educate how they work in accordance with the current British and/or American Standards

• Technical Support to Design Engineers and Registered Installers

Introduction to Siphonic Drainage

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Siphonic Drainage – Brief History

• Concept invented in Finland by Olavi Ebling in late 1960’s

• First major installation in Sweden in 1972.

• Unregulated Industry Grew through 1980’s

• UK Government Commissioned Research during the 1990’s(Refer HR Wallingford SR 463 & SR 473)

• European Standard BS EN 12056-3 introduced in 2000(1st Standard to include a section for Siphonic drains)

• 2005 – ASME A112.6.9 Siphonic Drain Test issued in USA

• 2006 – Singapore Standard SS 525 includes siphonic drainage

• 2007 – Comprehensive Siphonic Drainage Standards

published in UK and USA (BS 8490 and APSE 45)

What is HydroMax™Siphonic Roof Drainage?

HydroMax™ is an innovative solution which utilises the power of a natural siphon to create

a high-performance roof drainage solution.

HydroMax™ is an Engineered Solution which provides many Technical Benefits

HydroMax™ offers cost savingsnormally ranging from

25% to 45%!

Why use HydroMax™ Siphonic Roof Drainage?

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What is wrong with Traditional Gravity Drainage Systems?

Traditional Gravity drainage systems work

but they are inefficient and have a number

of factors restricting performance.

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Restrictive Factors of Gravity Drainage

1. The water flow-rate is dictated by the gradient available (this gradient also restricts the distance a pipe can travel).

2. Multiple rainwater pipes in locations largely dictated by the gravity hydraulics rather than design team choice.

3. Gravity drains require ⅔ air to transport ⅓ water.

4. Vortex formation within vertical gravity pipes results in the water being transported in an inefficient spiral motion rather than straight through the pipe.

5. The driving force is only the depth of ponding or ‘head’ of water above the roof drain.

Gravity 10” Drain – Depth = 7.3” to Discharge 1500 GPM

“High Performance” Gravity Drain (from Manufacturers web-site)

(250mm Drain – Depth = 185mm to Discharge 95 l/s)

HydroMax 125mm (5”) Drain

125mm Drain – Depth = 95mm to Discharge 95 l/s

Equivalent Flow(95 l/s – 1500GPM)

Half the Diameter

Half the ponding depth of the Gravity

drain

Vertical Gravity pipes run ‘full’ at only 1/3 water

⅓ water in annular flow

⅔ air core

Horizontal (Sloping) Gravity pipes

run ‘full’ at only 2/3 water

Extensive Underground Drainage

Drainage under Building Floor

Multiple Downpipes

Typical Traditional Gravity Drainage System

Sloping Underground Drainage makes for difficult routing to attenuation/harvesting

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Principles of Gravity Drainage

Vortex motion

A large amount of Air is required to move a small amount of water.

Extremely InefficientAnnular Flow

Water adheres to pipe wallCentral Air Core

Siphonic Drainage

No Air!

Why is HydroMax™ different from gravity drainage?

Pipes run 100% full bore

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Principles of HydroMax™ Siphonic Drainage

• The Siphonic Roof Drain eliminates air entering the pipe promoting water filled pipework

• The full bore of the pipe work carries the rainwater

• Water, without air, accelerates down the vertical downpipe, creating negative pressure and naturally generating a high performance siphonic flow

• The full height of the building provides the energy for this highly efficient Rainwater Drainage Solution

Siphonic Drainage - How it works

PAtmos

- gh

The inducer on the roof drain prevents air ingress

and so

Rainwater falling down the vertical pipe accelerates, creating negative pressure

PAtmos

- gh


More Height = Greater Negative pressure

PAtmos

- gh

Greater Negative Pressure = Higher Flow Rates

PAtmos

- gh

The full height of the building provides the energy for this highly efficient Rainwater Drainage Solution


Tail-pipes

Horizontal collector pipe

Downpipe

Discharge

Roof or Gutter HydroMax Roof Drain


HydroMax Siphonic Systems are self-draining therefore the pipes are empty before a rainfall event

HydroMax System with Tailpipes primed

RoofHydroMax Roof Drain

Tail-pipes

Horizontal Collector Pipe

Drop pipe

Discharge

Pressure

Gravity flow in pipework

Air above water

Stage 1 - Wavy or Gravity flow

Priming of Main Pipe Work

Stage 2 - Plug flow

Air pockets driven down pipework

Plug of water filling whole pipe at high velocities which achieves self-cleansing.

Tests have shown that self-cleansing can be achieved at as low as 10% to 15% of the design rainfall rate.


Stage 3 - Bubble flow

Air bubbles in suspension carried at high velocity

Water filling whole pipe


Stage 4 - Full-bore flow

Water filling whole pipe

No more air entry – Air within Pipe now Fully Purged


Roof or Gutter HydroMax Roof Drain

Tail-pipes

Horizontal Carrier Pipe

Downpipe

Discharge

NegativePressure

Fully Primed HydroMax System

The full height of the building provides the energy for this highly efficient Rainwater

Drainage Solution

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Principles of HydroMax™ Siphonic

Eliminate Air Ingress

Pipes run Full-Bore with Water

Building Height provides energy for High Self-Cleansing Velocities

Extremely Efficient

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HydroMax™ Siphonic Roof Drainage Video

Click Here

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5O0EDaZV8XE&context=C3267d04ADOEgsToPDskJT5udrAxd-XLGAvk6MWONB

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HydroMax™ Simulation of

Non-Maintained Roof

Click Here

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7naoCMlR-Y&feature=channel

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZ5KVbhZODc&context=C3267d04ADOEgsToPDskJT5udrAxd-XLGAvk6MWONB

High Performance Roof Drains

Significant Reduction in Underground Drainage

Route to Harvesting or Attenuation

No Drainage Under Building

Flexible, DownpipePositioning

Siphonic Roof Drainage System

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System Comparison

air c

ore

HydroMax Siphonic

TraditionalGravity

water in annular flow

wa

ter

wa

ter

wa

ter

No Air

air core

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60m100m

HydroMax Siphonic Scheme

360 metres HDPE Pipework

Diameters 56mm to 200mm

Traditional Gravity Solution

530 metres Pipework

Diameters 160mm to 450mm

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HydroMax System Termination

Siphonic pipework should enter manhole chamber above the drain invert and be clear of any standing water to ensure free discharge

Manhole or Catch Pit to have Grate CoverNote: British Standard BS 8490 states the size of

free area for the Grate should be twice cross sectional area of siphonic pipe. American ASPE

Technical Design Standard 45 does not dictate the size of vented area.

HydroMax Siphonic System Termination

Vertical Siphonic Pipe

Offset (if required) to line up with below grade pipe

Important:Below Grade Drain must be vented and sized to take the volume of discharge under

Gravity flow conditions.

Do not size to match siphonic Pipe diameter.

Flex-Sealflexible, expansion coupling

Important:

If siphonic drainage is utilised to drain part way down a high rise building –

A siphon break point must be adequately vented to atmosphere at the point of transition to gravity flow.


Ventilated to Atmosphere

Break to Gravity flow

Siphonic flow

Recommended Vent size being Two-Thirds Gravity Pipe size

(two-thirds air to one third water in the gravity pipe)


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Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Retail Chains

Royal Ascot Racecourse

Ricoh Stadium and Arena, Coventry

Stadium of Light, Sunderland

Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Stadia

Dundrum Retail Shopping Malls with multi-level Car Parks

Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage

313 Orchard Road, Singapore

Commercial Office Buildings

Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Accident Fund, Lansing

E-Tek Flagship Trinidad Stryker HQ, Newbury

Accommodation/Hotels/Prisons


Student Accommodation, Wembley

Johnstone CountyDetention Center

Ibis Hotel, Singapore

Hospitals

Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Forest Park Medical Center, Dallas

Mercy Hospital, Des Moines, IA

Apartment Blocks

Podium Decks


Green Roofs


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Siphonic Drains installed at

waterproofing membrane level


Green Roofs

Airports


Gimhae South Korea

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Warehousing & Distribution Centres

110,000m² for Tesco


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Manufacturing Plants


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Flagship Projects

Scottish Parliament


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Flagship Projects

Masdar City MIST 1B, Abu Dhabi


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50mm Balcony Siphonic Roof Drain

HydroMax Siphonic Products

This is a special drain for multi floor balcony drainage.The drain has a built in Anti-Backflow device.

Flow Rate Max. = 1.5 l/s(Litres per Second)

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50mm Terrace Siphonic Roof Drain


Flow Rate Min. = 1.5 l/s(Litres per Second)

up to

Max. = 25 l/s

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75mm Siphonic Roof DrainOur Metric series of drains come in a range

of models for compatibility with all roof types


Flow Rate

Min. = 1.5 l/s(Litres per Second)

up to

Max. = 25 l/s

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75mm Siphonic Overflow Roof DrainOur Metric series of Overflow drains come in a

range of models for compatibility with all roof types


Flow Rate

Min. = 1.5 l/s(Litres per Second)

up to

Max. = 25 l/s

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125mm Siphonic Roof DrainOur Metric series of drains come in a range of

models for compatibility with all roof types


Flow Rate

Min. = 10 l/s(Litres per Second)

up to

Max. = 100 l/s

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Range of Accessories for Our Metric Series of Drains


• Leafguards

• Gravel Guards

• Car Park Drains

• Bespoke Accessories

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3” Siphonic Roof DrainOur North American series of drains have all been tested to ASME 112.6.9:2005 – IAPMO certified (file number 5305)

Wade-HydroMax Siphonic Products

Flow Rate

Min. = 23 GPM(Gallons per Minute )

up to

Max. = 415 GPM

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Flow Rate


up to

Max. = 750 GPM

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Flow Rate


up to

Max. = 1300 GPM

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Flow Rate


up to

Max. = 1800 GPM

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3”, 4”, 5” and 6” Siphonic Roof Overflow DrainOur North American series of drains have all been tested to ASME 112.6.9:2005 – IAPMO certified (file number 5305)


C.I. No-Hub Outlet

K factorMinimum

GPM InflowMaximum GPM

Inflow3” 0.12 23 4154” 0.08 75 7505” 0.04 120 13006” 0.04 160 1800

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3”, 4”, 5” and 6” Drain AccessoriesLeafguards, Debris Guards, Underdeck Clamps and Bearing

Pans are available for all drains.


Our 3” and 4” Drains are available as Podium Deck Drains

Drain shown with Debris Guard

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• High Performance

• Versatile and Compatible with any Roof

• Compact for installation in gutters/scuppers

• Anti Tamper Fastening of one-piece Inducer

• Proven track record of Low Maintenance

HydroMax Siphonic Drain Benefits

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HydroMax™ HDPE Siphonic System

Pre-Fabricated in Factory Controlled Conditionswith Engineered Rail Fastening System

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HydroMax™ Siphonic System

60,000m² Roof

Only 4 Rainwater Downpipes draining the Main Roof

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HydroMax™ Collector Pipe at High Level


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Level, Small Diameter, Pipes Makes for Easy Co-ordination with structure and services


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HydroMax™ Pipework Installed Absolutely

Flat Level atHigh level


Development of Key Standards & Codes

• BS EN 12056-3:2000(includes Siphonic Drain Test)

• ASME 112.6.9:2005 (Siphonic Drain Test)

• ASPE Technical Design Standard 45:2007 (Design, Installation & Product Standard)

• BS 8490:2007 (Design, Installation & Product Test Standard)

Development of HydroMax™• Consultation with HR Wallingford (previously commissioned

by UK Government to study siphonic drainage) ensured our offering progressed the technology above competitors systems

• HydroTechnic™ hydraulic calculations report extreme conditions giving high accuracy(other systems report average hydraulic conditions)

• Independently tested by Hydraulic Research Centre Wallingford (HRW) for compliance with BS EN 12056-3:2000

• Independently tested to ASME 112.6.9 (IAPMO File #5305)

• Full Compliance with current SS525, BS 8490:2007 & ASPE 45

• 100% Success Rate

Development of HydroMax™

• Full Compliance with SS525:2006

• Full Compliance with BS 8490:2007

• Full Compliance with ASPE Design & Engineering Standard 45

• 100% Success Rate

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Primary and Overflow Systems

• Primary Roof Drains installed at roof level or at gutter sole level

• Drains direct to underground drainage

50mm

Raised Inlet to Drain • Overflow Roof Drain Inlet raised

to 50mm above gutter sole.

• Drains to Atmosphere often at high level or to walkways or car parks

• Must not connect to Primary System (as this would normally be a vent)

Using HydroMax Overflow System can offer the same technical and commercial benefits obtained using the HydroMax™ Primary Drains

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Maintenance by Design

Roof Level

Raised Inducer Level

Primary Drain Overflow Drain

Regional Options: Dry Season Covers for Gulf Region

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Siphonic Drainage Analytical Design ProgramHydroMax™ provides the following:

• Web based HydroTechnic™ program for easy Technical Support

• Fast Accurate Calculations in full compliance with SS525, BS 8490 & ASPE 45

• Advanced Edit Functions to accommodate on-site changes

• Program Generation of Pre-Fabrication Drawings (Eliminates risk of human interface errors)

• Exports data in electronic format for O & M files

Following calculation of rainfall inflows and determination of required pipe routing, the Design Engineer ‘Draws’ the piping system into the calculation program

Metric Version

USA Version ft/in and GPM

Siphonic Drainage Analytical Design Program

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Pipe diameters are edited to find the optimum solution

Metric Version

USA Version

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Key Advantages with HydroMax™

• Drains independently tested to:– BS 8490:2007– ASME 112.6.9:2005

• Designs to BS 8490 or ASPE 45

• Independently tested HydroTechnic™ design software (confirmed to have “unsurpassed accuracy”)

• Range of High Performance Roof Drains (Outlets)

• HDPE Pipes to EN 1519 (not for North American Market)

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Key Advantages for Building Owners

• High Performance, Self-Cleansing Roof Drainage System

• Fewer Rainwater Downpipes routed to convenient positions providing an increased and flexible use of floor space

• Proven Record of Low Maintenance

• Elimination of underground drainage, manholes, etc. within the building footprint

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Key Advantages for the Design Team

• Smaller diameter horizontal pipework installed level

• An Engineered Solution allowing choice of discharge locations

• Flexible Pipe routing with easy co-ordination of services

• Rainwater Management - HydroMax™ can route pipework to attenuation/rainwater harvesting.

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Key Advantages for the Main Contractor

• Improved Construction Build Program

• Significant Cost Savings

• A dry building envelope is attained at an early stage of construction allowing fit-out works to proceed earlier

• Less Trench work for below ground drainage saving excavation, soil treatment, pipe laying, back fill compaction, etc.

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Engineers Training Day – Topics Covered

• Key Aspects of BS 8490:2007/ASPE 45/SS 525

• Hydraulic Parameters

• Piping Layout Design (do’s and don'ts)

• Hands-on HydroTechnic training

• Understanding how to Edit Systems within HydroTechnic™ to cater for design or onsite changes

• Specification Writing

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Information Requirements For HydroMax to Provide Concept Designs

• Design Rainfall Rate

• Roof Plan Drawings (AutoCAD)

• Floor Plan Drawings (AutoCAD)

• Sections/Elevation Drawings (AutoCAD)

• Underground drainage Connections

• Attenuation or Rainwater Harvesting Requirements

• Gutter Profile (to allow compatibility checks)

• Specification (we can provide CSI or R10 type spec.)

HydroMax™ Siphonic Drainage

Leaders in Siphonic Drainage

www.hydromax.com

http://www.hydromax.com/

hydromax™ siphonic (syphonic) roof drainage

Technology

siphonic rainwater systems

siphonic drains2005

design standards

quality design

design engineers

design teams

salient design elements

srefer hr wallingford