Hygiene  in  the  Home  

Junior  Cer0ficate  Home  Economics  

Why  Hygiene  is  Important  

•  A  clean  hygienic  home  is  necessary  for  good  health  

•  Bacteria  (germs)  like  warm,  moist  condi9ons  to  live  

•  Therefore  they  like  bathrooms  and  kitchens  •  If  these  areas  are  not  kept  clean  diseases  and  food  poisoning  may  occur  

To  ensure  a  hygienic  home:    

•  A  supply  of  clean  water  and  a  good  drainage  system  

•  Good  ven0la0on  to  allow  air  to  circulate  •  Good  ligh0ng  to  show  up  dirt  •  Good  hea0ng  system  to  prevent  dampness  •  Surfaces,  especially  in  the  bathroom  &  kitchen  should  be  easy  to  clean  

To  ensure  a  hygienic  home:    

•  Rooms  should  be  planned  so  they  are  easy  to  clean  

•  Household  waste  should  be  disposed  of  carefully  

•  Sinks,  toilets  and  drains  should  be  disinfected  regularly  

Household  Waste  

Household  Waste  

There  are  two  types  of  household  waste:    •  Organic:  it  is  biodegradable  (can  breakdown  naturally  in  the  environment)  Eg  sewage  and  waste  food  

•  Inorganic:  it  is  not  biodegradable.  It  can  be  recycled.  Eg  glass,  plas9c,  paper,  metal    

Household  Waste  

•  Local  Authori0es  are  responsible  for  household  waste  management.  

•  They  make  sure  sewage  is  disposed  of  hygienically  

•  They  provide  bin  collec0on  services,  as  well  as  private  companies,  to  collect  household  rubbish  

•  The  rubbish  is  taken  to  landfill  sites  •  Some  rubbish  can  be  recycled  

Contents  of  Household  Bin  

Reduce  •  Reduce  the  amount  of  rubbish  by:      -­‐  dividing  it  up  into  what  can  be      re-­‐used,  what  can  be  recycled,      what  can  go  in  the  compost  

-­‐  finally  what  ever  is  leJ  over  goes  to  the  landfill  

Re-­‐use  •  Many  things  can  be  re-­‐used  for  the  same  purpose,  or  for  something  else.  For  example  sweet  and  biscuit  boxes  may  be  used  to  store  things  in.  

•  Can  you  think  of  any  other  items  that  can  be  re-­‐used?  

Re-­‐use  •  Ink  cartridges  can  be  refilled  

•  Chinese  takeaway  cartons  –  lunchboxes  

•  BaQeries  can  be  recharged  

Recycle  •  Every  home  produces  about  a  tonne  of  waste  each  year.  About  half  of  this  could  be  recycled.    

•  Recycling  reduces  the  use  of  raw  materials,  lowers  costs  and  reduces  the  amount  of  waste  going  to  rubbish  dumps/landfill  sites.  

•  It  reduces  liGer  and  pollu0on  problems.    •  It  also  creates  more  jobs    

What  can  be  recycled?  

•  Vegetables  and  garden  waste  can  be  added  to  the  compost  heap  

•  Glass,  cans,  0ns,  paper  and  plas0c  can  be  recycled  at  local  collec9on  points  

•  Clothes  can  be  recycled  or  used  by      chari9es  •  BaGeries  can  be  safely  disposed  of  

Natural  Resources  

•  Sunlight  •  Air  •  Water    •  Fossil  Fuels  (coal,  gas,  oil)  •  Trees  (wood)  

Many  of  these  are  not  unlimited  and  will  run  out  if  we  con9nue  to  waste  them  

       Pollu0on  

Pollu9on  is  a  major  environmental  problem  due  to  the  increased  

popula9on  of  the  world  and  greater  use  of  consumer  goods,  packaging  

and  chemicals.  

Types  of  Pollu0on  

Air  

Water  

Noise  

Ozone  

Air  Pollu0on  

Causes   Effects  •   Sulphur  dioxide  (from  burning  fossil  fuels)  •   Smoke  from  industrial  and  domes9c  burning  of  fuels  •   Carbon  monoxide  from  car  exhausts  

•   Respiratory  problems  such  as  bronchi9s  and  asthma    •   Mental  retarda9on  in  children  from  high  levels  of  lead  •   Acid  rain  (see  next  slide)  

Acid  Rain  

Acid  Rain  is  the  term  used  to  describe  polluted  rainfall.  The  rain  mixes  with  the  carbon  dioxide  and  sulphur  in  the  air  and  forms  a  weak  acid.    

 Acid  rain  affects  the  plant  life  and  animal  life  of  rivers  and  lakes    

Water  Pollu0on    Causes   Effects  •   Natural  pollu0on    -­‐   Dirt  -­‐   Dust  -­‐   Mud  -­‐   Sand  -­‐   Vegeta9on  -­‐   Bacteria  

•   Man-­‐made  pollu0on  -­‐   Farm  waste  -­‐   Toxic  waste  from  industry  -­‐   Illegal  dumping  

•   Increases  the  amount  of  bacteria  in  the  water  •   These  use  up  the  oxygen  •   This  in  turn  kills  fish  and  plant  life  •   Gives  off  offensive  smells  

Ozone  Layer  

•  The  ozone  layer  is  a  layer  of  gases  in  the  atmosphere,  located  10-­‐50km  above  earth.  

•  It  protects  the  earth  by  absorbing  the  harmful  ultraviolet  (UV)  rays  from  the  sun.  

Destroying  the  Ozone  Layer  

The  ozone  layer  is  destroyed  by:    •  Chlorofluorocarbons  (CFCs)  found  in  fridges  and  air  condi9oning  systems  and      aerosol  sprays.    

•  Halons  –  chemicals  similar  to  CFCs  used  in  fire  ex9nguishers  

Harmful  UV  Rays  cause:  

•  Global  warming  •  Increase  in  skin  cancer  •  Increase  in  eye  cataracts  •  Plas9c,  paints  and  other  materials  deteriorate  more  quickly  

•  Damage  to  plant  and  animal  life  

Protec0ng  the  Environment  

•  Use  non-­‐aerosol  alterna9ves  eg  roll  on  deodorant  

•  Dispose  of  old  fridges  carefully  •  Choose  products  which  do  have  packaging  containing  CFCs  

•  Encourage  family  and  friends  to  use  ozone  friendly  products  

Noise  Pollu0on  

Causes:  •  AircraJ,  trains,  lorries,  buses,  cars  •  TV,  radio,  CD  players  •  Electrical  appliances  –  food  mixers,  washing  machine  etc  

•  Discos,  nightclubs  etc  •  Industrial  noise  –  factories,  construc9on  work      

The  Consumer  &  the  Environment  

•  As  a  consumer  you  can  help  to  protect  the  environment  through  your  shopping  decisions  

•  More  and  more  manufacturers  are  responding  to  pressure  from  the  consumer  to  make  products  which  are  environmentally  friendly    

What  can  the  consumer  do?  

Shopping:  •  Avoid  goods  which  have  too  much  packaging  •  Choose  biodegradable  detergents  and  packaging  

•  Buy  environmentally  friendly  products  •  Use  re-­‐usable  shopping  bags  •  Look  out  for  the  EU  Eco  label  •  Buy  energy  efficient  electrical  appliances  

EU  Eco  Label  

All  large  electrical  appliances  carry  a  sign  like  

this  one.      

The  most  energy  efficient  has  an  A  grade,  the  least  energy  efficient  has  a  G  

grade  

What  can  the  consumer  do?  

Energy  Efficiency:  •  Insulate  the  house  well  •  Switch  off  appliances  when  they  are  not  in  use  •  Avoid  blocking  radiators  with  furniture  &  clothes  

•  Use  energy  saving  light  bulbs  •  Turn  down  the  thermostat  as  the  weather  gets  warmer  

What  can  the  consumer  do?  In  the  home:  •  Use  smokeless  fuels  •  Avoid  disposable  products  •  Put  garden  and  vegetable  waste  in  the  compost  

•  Keep  use  of  pes9cides  and  ar9ficial  fer9lisers  to  a  minimum  

•  Take  care  when  disposing  of  unwanted  chemicals  

What  can  the  consumer  do?  

Water:  •  Insulate  the  hot  water  tank  and  pipes  •  Take  showers  instead  of  baths  •  Never  use  a  washing  machine  for  one  or  two  things  

•  Never  wash  things  under  running  water,  put  in  the  stopper  

•  Repair  dripping  taps  

What  can  the  consumer  do?  

In  your  locality:  •  Use  recycling  facili9es  •  Don’t  liQer  •  Organise  or  help  with  clean  up  projects  •  Report  suspected  pollu9on  or  illegal  dumping    

What  can  the  consumer  do?  

On  the  road:  •  Walk,  cycle  or  use  public  transport  instead  of  the  car  

•  Use  unleaded  petrol  •  Send  waste  oil  to  be  recycled  

Our  Community  

•  A  community  is  all  the  people  who  live  in  a  locality.    

•  Each  community  has  its  own  services  and  ameni0es.  

Community  Services  

Government  (State)  Run   Voluntary  Educa0on  Health  Social  Welfare  Public  Libraries  Post  Office    Local  Authority  Housing    

Youth  Clubs  St  Vincent  de  Paul  Care  of  the  Elderly  Samaritans    

Ameni0es  

•  Each  community  has  ameni0es  

•  These  are  pleasant  or  useful  places  to  spend  your  0me  

•  Examples:  parks,  sports  fields,  swimming  pool,  libraries