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15a DICKSON STREET

ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

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TECTONIC DEVELOPMENTS

NEWTOWN SYDNEY

Archaeology And Heritage Pty Ltd135 Catherine St Leichhardt NSW 2040Phone 02-95699672 Fax 02-95500261

Email [email protected]

NOVEMBER 2003

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Archaeology And Heritage Pty Ltd 135 Catherine St. LeichhardtNSW 2040 Ph02/95699672 Fx02/95500261

1.0 INTRODUCTION 41.1 Purpose of this Report1.2 The Development Proposal and this Report1.3 The Subject SitelA Authorship and Research1.5 Liaison 51.6 Form ofthis Report2.0 PREVIOUS REPORTS AND STATUTORY LISTINGS 9

OF THIS SITE3.0 METHODOLOGY 103.1 Cultural Significance3.2 Archaeological Assessment3..3 Assessing Heritage Significance4.0 SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SITE 114.14 Historic Plans and Pictures of the Study Area in Chronological Order 125.0 OVERLAY OF PRESENT DAY STREET PLAN 16

WITH HISTORIC PLAN6.0 PHYSICAL ANALYSIS - SITE SURVEY 176.1 The Site as Identified by Historical Research6.2 Description of the Site7.0 CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE 187.1 The Concept of Cultural Significance7.2 General Assessment Processes and Criteria7.3 Explanation of the Statement of Cultural Significance 198.0 STATEMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE 209.0 SUMMARY STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 2110.0 DEVELOPlV£ENT IMPACT 2210.1 The Development Proposal10.2 Footing Plan ofProposed New House10.3 Other Excavations for the Proposed DevelopmentlOA The Impact of the Development on the Archaeological Resource10.5 Significance of the Potential Remains11.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2511.1 This Report to accompany Excavation Permit Application11.2 Recommendation for Archaeological Monitoring12.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR l5a DlCKSON STNEWTOWN SYDNEY

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

APPENDIX AReport by Cracknell and Lonergan Heritage ArchitectsTable ofDocumentary Evidence 15a Dickson St Newtown

NOVEMBER 2003

PAGE

3

26

1


ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR 15a DICKSON ST NEWTOWN SYDNEY NOVEMBER 2003 2

LIST OF FIGURES PAGE

FIGURE 1.1 Location Map 6

FIGURE 1.2 The Subject Site and Surrounding Buildings 7

FIGURE 1.3 Site Plan 8'

FIGURE 4.1 Detail ofPlan ofBello Retiro Sept 1842 12

FIGURE 4.2 Holmwood in the 1860s 13

FIGURE 4.3 1889 Sydney Water Plan showing Holmwood 14

FIGURE 4.4 Overlay of 1889 Holmwood with extensions 14over 1850 Holmwood (Bello Retiro)

FIGURE 4.5 Overlay ofHolmwood in 1889 over 15 Dickson 15St The Arches with 15a Dickson St next to it. This showsthat the front part of one Bay extends into the Site 15a

FIGURE 10.1 Site Plan ofProposed New House 23

FIGURE 10.2 Footing Plan ofProposed New House 24



The site of 15a Dickson Street Newtown is to be developed. The owners wish tobuild a house there. The site is a grassed and treed allotment and undeveloped.

The recommended archaeological procedure is for monitoring during theconstruction of the new dwelling and excavation for service trenches orlandscaping.

The new dwelling sits lightly on the ground and will only impact onto the fronthalf of the development site. Service trenches may be placed anywhere on the siteaccording to their linking in to existing services on neighbouring sites or footpathsand roads.

NOVEMBER 2003 3

To the west of the site in the 19th century there was a grand villa withoutbuildings called Bello Retiro. This was added onto in the 1880s with two baywindows at t..he front or east side.The lawn and carriageway from the old building plus one of the bay windowsimpinge on the 15s Dickson Street site.These potential archaeological features are assessed as being of local significance.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR 15a DlCKSON STNEWTOWN SYDNEY

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1 156a Church Street, Camperdown NSW 2050. Ph 95651554. Fax 95501224.

Archaeology And Heritage Pty Ltd 135 Catherine St. Leichhardt NSW 2040 Ph02/95699672 Fx02/95500261

1.3 The Subject Site

1.4 Authorship and Research

NOVEMBER 2003 4

This Report is written by Anne Bickford. It has been my task to analyse theresearch provided by Cracknell and Lonergan and assess it in terms of the historyof the site and the projected impact of any proposed development on any remainsof previous occupation.

All of the historical research about the site and has been done by the architecturalpractice Cracknell & Lonergan Architects and Heritage Consultants

land has been

made available to me. They prepared a very comprehensive and detailed history ofthe site. This has been reproduced in full in this Report as Appendix A.

The state of the subject site is that it is a vacant allotment at 15a Dickson StreetNewtown having trees and other vegetation on it. It is adjacent to a large threestorey terrace house called The Towers. The location of Dickson Street is off thesouthern end of King St Newtown towards St Peters. The site is shown in theLocation Map Figure 1.1.

1.2 The Development Proposal and this Report

The development proposal is to build a dwelling on the site of 15a Dickson StreetNewtown. (Referred to in this Report as the Subject Site).As it is anticipated that there might be archaeological remains on the siteArchaeology And Heritage Pty Ltd was commissioned to prepare anArchaeological Excavation Permit Application under Section 140 of the NSWHeritage Act. This Application is to be submitted to the NSW Heritage Office. Toaccompany this the Heritage Office requires an Archaeological AssessmentReport which provides all the background information about the site which isneeded to process the Permit Application.

This is an Archaeological Assessment Report about the site of 15a Dickson StreetNewtown in Sydney NSW. The Report outlines the history and culturalsignificance of the site, the prop·osed development and its impact on the ground,and recommends measures to mitigate and ma..llage the impact of the developmentif it is anticipated that any significant archaeological remains may lie there.

1.1 Purpose of this Report

1.0 INTRODUCTION

ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR l5a DICKSON ST NEWTOWN SYDNEY


The liaison officers from the client Tectonic Design P/L are Murray Wood,Director, and John Perez, Director. The contact details of Tectonic Design areLevel 1, ,50 Bronte Road Bondi Junction 2022. Phone: 02/93892722 Fax: 02/93892755.

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR 15a DICKSON STNEWTOWN SYDNEY

1.5 Liaison

NOVEMBER 2003 5

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1.6 Form of this Report

The Report has been set out in chapters. The plans referred to in each chapter areplaced at the end of the appropriate chapter.

Archaeology And Heritage Pty Lid 135 Catherine S1. Leichhardt NSW 2040 Ph02/95699672 Fx02/95500261



ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR ISa DICKSON ST NEWTOWN SYDNEY

FIGURE 1.1 Location Map

NOVEMBER 2003 6

14. Photos of surrounding buildings (shows a range of

Victorian styles).

FIGURE 1.2 The Subject Site and Surrounding Buildings(Source: Statement ofHeritage Impact 15 Dickson Street, Newtown, Figure 14. Prepared by PeterLonergan Cracknell & Lonergan Architects and Heritage Consultants)

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR ISa DICKSON ST NEWTOWN SYDNEY NOVEMBER 2003 7

Archaeology And Heritage Pty Ltd 135 Catherine St. Leichhardt NSW 2040 Ph02/95699672 Fx02/9550026I

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The subject site

The subject site

Tenaces and semi-detached across Street

Buildings adjoining the subject site

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR 15a DICKSON ST NEWTOWN SYDNEY NOVEMBER 2003 8

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2.0 PREVIOUS REPORTS AND STATUTORY LISTINGS OF THIS SITE

2.2 There are no statutory listings of the Subject Site.

2.1 There have been two previous reports about the Subject Site. These. are byCracknell & Lonergan Architects and Heritage Consultants. They are theStatement ofHeritage Impact 15 Dickson Street, Newtown. andTable of Documentary Evidence 15a Dickson Street Newtown. Lot 32 DP 2569.Extract From: 15a Dickson Street Newtown :.. Statement ofEvidence.Details about these are given in the Bibliography below, Chapter 9.

NOVEMBER 2003 9ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR 15a DlCKSON STNEWTOWN SYDNEY



3.2 Archaeological Assessment

3.3 Assessing Heritage Significance

The NSW Heritage Office and the Department of Urban Affairs and Planning ofNSW have produced a volume of Archaeological Assessment Guidelines 1996.This document has been used in the preparation of this study.

NOVEMBER 2003 10

Assessing Heritage Significance. The NSW Heritage Office produced this NSWHeritage Manual update in 2001. This document was consulted in the Assessmentof Cultural Significance chapter (Chapter 8) of this Report.

The processes outlined in the Archaeological Assessment Guidelines are to carryout detailed historical work on the site; to conduct a physical survey of the site; tosynthesise these two fields of research, and from this to assess the significance ofthe site. The impact of the proposed development on the site is then analysed, anda mitigation strategy to manage this impact is then proposed. Once the ExcavationPermit Application to the Heritage Office is approved, the client is then contactedand the excavation procedures put in place.

3.0 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Cultural Significance

This project has been carried out in accordance with the principles set out in theAustralia ICOMOS Burra Charter (The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of'Cultural Significance) 1999 including Guidelines to the Burra Charter: CulturalSignificance, and the NSW Heritage Manual produced by the NSW HeritageOffice and the Department ofUrban Affairs and Planning, 1996.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR 15a DICKSON ST NEWTOWN SYDNEY


4.11 1890 Holmwood was demolished.


4.7 1850 House now referred to as Holmwood at New Town Sydney.

4.4 In 1835 and 1836 John Lord built his villa and outbuildings Bello Retiro.

NOVEMBER 2003 11

4.13 This lot is the Subject Site 15a Dickson Street.

4.12 1893 The Towers was built at 15 Dickson Street over 2 lots, leaving thethird lot, next to it vacant.

4.9 1887 Land was subdivided and Holmwood Street and Dickson Streetestablished.

4.8 1885-1887 Additions have been made to the original house. (Once BelloRetiro, now called Holmwood). The front has been extended including two bayssuggesting 1880s Italianate style.

4.10 1889 The Sydney water Board Plan of 1889 shows Holmwood with thesenew extensions in detail. It also shows a hexagonal tower on the north side of thehouse. The building is labelled as being of stone and brick.

4.6 September 1842 Plan of Bello Retiro drawn by the senior Sydney surveyorWells.

4.5 August 1841 Bello Retiro was advertised for sale. It is described as brickfinished in stucco with a drive sweeping the circular lawn.

4.3 NOTE: 19TH CENTURY HISTORIC BUILDING COMPLEX WHICHEXISTED TO THE WEST OF THE SUBJECT SITETo the west of what is now 15a Dickson Street a grand villa and outbuildingscalled Bello Retiro was constructed. The historical summary below outlines thesubsequent history of Bello Retiro and explains how part of the 1880 additions tothis original building may lie under the ground in the Subject Site. Thus, theinformation below is not about construction and occupation events on the subjectsite but how, over time the development of the Bello Retiro estate came to impacton the Subject Site.

4.1 Bulanaming Aboriginal land

4.0 SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPTnENT OF THE SITE(All information taken from the Table ofDocumentary Evidence report byCracknell & Lonergan, Appendix A this Report).


.4.2 1794 Land grant by the British



4.14 HISTORIC PLANS AND PICTURES OF THE STUDY AREA INCHRONOLOGICAL ORDER

FIGURE 4.1 Detail of Plan of Bello Retiro, September 1842Showing the 'House' and the 'Lawn' surrounded by an oval-shaped drive.The driveway and the lawn become part of the subject site - 15a Dickson Street

NOVEMBER 2003 12ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR 15a DlCKSON ST NEWTOWN SYDNEY

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Showin st le of Pleasure Garden e.1860s.

The photo clearly shows the building (front fQ(;,:ade) as

coursed sandstone. The original building, Bello Retiro,

was advertised as brick and stucco.

Afternoon hoto of ero uet at Holmwood circa 1860s.

Archaeology And Heritage Pty Ltd 135 Catherine SI. Leichhardt NSW 2040 Ph02/95699672 Fx02/95500261

FIGlJRE 4.2 Holmwood in the 1860s

ARCHAE()LOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR 15a DICKS()N ST NEWTClWN SYDNEY



FIGURE 4.3 1889 Sydney Water Plan showing Detail of Holmwood

FIGURE 4.4 Overlay of 1889 Holmwood with extensions, over 1850Holmwood (Bello Retiro)

NOVEMBER 2003 14ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR 15a DICKSON STNEWTOWN SYDNEY


Archaeology And Heritage Pty Ltd 135 Catherine St. Leichhardt NSW 2040 Ph02/95699672 Fx02/9550026 1

FIGURE 4.5 Overlay of Holmwood in 1889 over 15 Dickson Street TheArches with the subject site, 15a Dickson Street, next to it.This shows that the front part of one Bay of the later renovations ofHolmwood extends into the subject site.


ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR 15a D1CKSON ST NEWTOWN SYDNEY NOVEMBER 2003 15

5.4 Conclusion


5.0 OVERLAY OF PRESENT DAY STREET PLAN WITH HISTORICPLAN TO PREDICT LOCATION OF ARCHAEOLOGY ON THE SITE

5.2 Figure 4.5 above shows that only a small part of the 1880s renovations ofHolmwood are potential archaeological remains on the Subject Site.

NOVEMBER 2003 16

5.3 Figure 4.4 above shows that other potential archaeological deposits from the1850s pre-extensions version of Holmwood ie the carriageway and the lawn, mayalso exist on No. 15a Dickson Street.

The overlays show that the location of a small part of an 1880s bay window andpart of an 1850s carriageway and lawn fall within the Study Area. Onlyexcavation will show if there are any remains of these or any other structures suchas drainage systems, wells, garden walls, or any other structures on the SubjectSite.

5.1 The overlaying of plans with some streets and/or structures in commonthrough time is a basic technique in this kind ofhistorical archaeological process.This technique has been used on a number of sites, and usually, the archaeologicalremains, if they have not been removed in the past, are usually within a fewmetres of their assessed location. A predictive model such as this helps inplanning and anticipation in the excavation phase when the soil deposits andoverburden is being removed from the site.




6.2 Description of the Site

Figure 1.2 above shows the Subject Site from Dickson Street. Tall trees can beseen fronting Dickson Street against a timber paling fence. The rest of the sitecontains trees, grass, and shrubs.

Historical research and historical maps have identified the site as being an areainitially of natural bush. When Bello Retiro was drawn in September 1842 itshowed the "Lawn" surrounded by an oval carriage drive. Part of this is on theSubject Site. The front part of the bay window extension of Holmwood in the1880s projects into the Site. In 1983 the mansion The Towers was constructedover two lots of those laid out in Dickson Street. The Subject Site 15a, was thethird lot, and it was left vacant. There appears to have been nothing on the sitebetween then and the present.

NOVEMBER 2003 17

6.1 The Site As Identified by Historical Research

6.0 PHYSICAL ANALYSIS - SITE SURVEY



7.2 General Assessment Processes and Criteria


In Australia the process of finding out whether a heritage item is important or notis called assessing culiural significance.

The importance of the archaeological resources of the Subject Site will beevaluated by following the established heritage procedures.

NOVEMBER 2003 18

The Statement ofCultural Significance used here uses the criteria establishedunder Part 3A ofthe NSW Heritage Act 1977 (Amended in 1998) for the listing ofitems of environmental heritage (defmed as 'buildings, works, relics, moveableobjects and precincts') which are of State or local heritage significance.

The Assessing Heritage Significance guideline explains the second step in thisprocess - assess significance. The NSW Heritage Manual is a comprehensive setof guidelines explaining the NSW heritage management system. As well as theadditional 12 guidelines documents forming the Manual there are three documentsin the category Further Information, and four Companion Documents.

3

In NSW the heritage system requires three steps:1) investigate significance2) assess significance3) manage significance

2 NSW Heritage Manual "Heritage Assessments" p. 5.3 Assessing Heritage Significance p.34 Assessing Heritage Significance p.?

The Summary Statement ofSignificance which follows the assessment ofsignificance using the seven criteria listed below should be a succinct statementwritten in prose, which answers the question "Why is this item important". Itshould summarise, not simply reiterate, the analysis addressing the seven criteria

4•

The criteria for assessment have been standardised in NSW by the Heritage Officeand published in the NSW Heritage Manual in 1996. This procedure makes itpossible to compare the significance of like items between local governmentareas, or between states.2 The NSW Heritage Office has recently published a"NSW Heritage Manual update" in 2001. This is called Assessing HeritageSignificance and is an update to the Heritage Assessments guideline of 1996. Thisnew guideline has been used in the preparation of this Report.

7.1 The Concept of Cultural Significance

7.0 CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR 15a DlCKSON ST NEWTOWN SYDNEY


An item will be considered to be of State or local heritage significance if, in theopinion of the Heritage Council of NSW it meets one or more of the followingcriteria:

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7.3 Explanation of the Statement of Cultural Significance

NOVEMBER 2003 19

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a) an item is important in the course, or pattern, of NSWs cultural or naturalhistory (or the cultural or natural history of the local area);

b) an item has strong or special association with the life or works of a person, orgroup of persons, of importance in NSWs cultural or natural history (or thecultural or natural history of the local area);

c) an item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a highdegree of creative or technical achievement in NSW (or the local area);

d) an item has strong or special association with a particular community orcultural group in NSW (or the local area) for social, cultural or spiritual reasons;

e) an item has potential to yield information that will contribute to anunderstanding of NSWs cultural or natural history (or the cultural or naturalhistory ofthe local area);

f) an item possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects ofNSWs cultural ornatural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area);

g) an item is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class ofNSWs- cultural or natural places; orcultural or natural environments(or a class of the local area's cultural or natural places; or cultural or naturalenvironments). . ,

While all criteria should be referred to during the assessment, only particularlycomplex items or places will be significant under all criteria. In many cases, itemsof environmental heritage will be significant under only one or two criteria.5

5 NSW Heritage Manual Update 2001 Assessing Heritage Significance. pp 8-9.


8.1 Criterion (a) An item is important in the course, or pattern, of thecultural history of NSWThe site of 15a Dickson Street is not important in the cultural history of NSW orthe local area. .

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8.0 STATEMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

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8.2 Criterion (b) An item has a strong or special association with the life orworks of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the cultural historyof NSWIt is not known from research that anyone of importance had anything to do with15a Dickson Street

8.3 Criterion (c) An item is important in demonstrating aestheticcharacteristics and / or a high degree of creative or technical achievement15a Dickson Street does not demonstrate any of these characteristics.

8.4 Criterion (d) An item has a strong or special association with a particularcommunity or cultural group in NSW for cultural reasons15a Dickson Street has no special association with any group.

8.5 Criterion (e) An item has the potential to yield information that willcontribute to an understanding of the cultural history of NSW or of the localarea.

(This is sometimes referred to as Archaeological Significance)Archaeological remains in the Subject Site have the potential to be significant inthe local area. If remains of the bay window or the lawn or the carriageway, orother remains in the front of the house such as wells or garden walls are foundthey will give evidence of the Bello RetirolHolmwood complex which mainlystood to the west of the Subject Site. This will give physical evidence of thehistoric past in the south Newtown area, where a large estate and substantial housecomplex stood, before the roads were put in and the mansions demolished to makeway for streets of terrace houses.

8.6 Criterion (f) An item possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects ofthe cultural history of NSWThe Subject Site is a common type of area in the local area.

8.7 Criterion (g) An item is important in demonstrating the principalcharacteristics of a class of cultural place in NSWThe Subject Site does not have characteristic features of a class of site in the localarea.


=_.--<~.~--


As is the case with a site of local significance such as this, the site is significantonly under Criterion (e), as it has archaeological significance.The site of 15a Dickson Street has archaeological potential as it may revealremains of the 1880s front bay window addition to Holmwood, the large estatewhich stood mainly to the west of the Subject Site. The Site may also containevidence of the carriageway and lawn of that estate, which first appear on a planof 1842. Other remains not found on any plans such as wells, garden walls, and soon, may be present on the site.



9.0 SUMMARY STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

NOVEMBER 2003 21


10.3 Other Excavations For the Proposed Development

10.5 Significance of the Potential Remains

10.2 Footing Plan of Proposed New House

NOVEMBER 2003 22

The potential remains are not highly significant; they are of local significance.Even though they are of local significance archaeological policies and practicesshould be put into place so that if remains are found they can be dealt withappropriately.

As the major part of the development will cover the southern half of the SubjectSite and the overlay of Holmwood shows that the bay window is in the southernhalf, there is potential for these remains to be under the ground.Remains of the lawn and carriageway may also be present.Service trenches also have the potential to un~over further structures.

10.4 The Impact of the Development on the Archaeological Resource

As with all such new house constructions there will be excavations around the sitefor service trenches such as gas, electricity, water, sewerage and so on asnecessary. There is no plan of the service trenches available at this time. Suchexcavation work is usually carried out during the excavation and building of thehouse, rather than at the end of the process.

The footing/pier plan of the proposed development (See Figure 10.2) shows thatonly a small portion of the building site will be disturbed by footings. These willbe dug as piles rather than as strip footings.

The developer intends to build a new house on the Subject Site (See 10.1). Theplan of the proposed new house shows that the house itself will cover only thesouthern half of the site. The northern half will remain as'lawn and garden.

10.1 The Development Proposal

10.0 DEVELOPMENT IMPACT



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ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR 15a DICKSON STNEWTOWN SYDNEY NOVEMBER 2003 23

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FIGURE 10.1 Site Plan of Proposed New House shown between Nos. 13 and15 Dickson Street

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12.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Archaeology And Heritage Pty Ltd 135 Catherine S1. Leichhardt NSW 2040 Ph02/95699672 Fx02/95500261

11.2 Recommendation for Archaeological Monitoring

NOVEMBER 2003 25

Cracknell & Lonergan Architects and Heritage Consultants.Table of Documentary Evidence 15a Dickson Street Newtown. Lot 32 DP 2569.Extract From: 15a Dickson Street Newtown - Statement ofEvidence. nd.156a Church Street, Camperdown NSW 2050. Ph 95651554. Fax 95501224.

Cracknell & Lonergan Architects and Heritage Consultants.Statement ofHeritage Impact 15 Dickson Street, Newtown. ndPrepared for Tectonic Design P/L Level 1, 50 Bronte Road Bondi Junction 2022.156a Church Street, Camperdo';Vll NSW 2050. Ph 95651554. Fax 95501224.

It is recommended that archaeological monitoring be the archaeologicalmethodology to take place on the Subject Site.Monitoring means that when the ground is being dug by the builders for thefootings of the house or for any service trenches, an archaeologist be on site toobserve the work. If any significant remains are found the work by the builders isstopped and the archaeologist steps in and records the remains by photographyand scale plan drawing. At all other times during the building and landscapingphase the archaeologist remains on call so that if any unusual or unpredictedartefacts are found the work is stopped and the archaeologist inspects the site andmakes recommendations and takes actions according to the appropriatearchaeological procedures.

11.1 This Archaeological Assessment Report is to accompany a Section 140Excavation Permit Application to the NSW Heritage Council, applied for by thesite developers. Anne Bickford is named as Excavation Director, TectonicDevelopments as the Applicant, and Perez, Wood and Hart as the owners.

11.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS


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Archaeology And Heritage Pty Ltd 135 Catherine S1. Leichhardt NSW 2040 Ph02/95699672 Fx02/95500261

REPORT BY CRACKNELLAND LONERGAN

HERITAGE ARCHITECTS

NOVEMBER 2003 26

APPENDIX A

TABLE OF DOCUMENTARYEVIDENCE

15a DICKSON STREET NEWTOWN

LOT32 DP 2569

ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR 15a DlCKSON ST NEWTOWN SYDNEY

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Table of Documentary Evidence

15a Dickson Street Newtown

Lot 32 DP 2569

The Towers 1891

15 Dickson Street Newtown Josiah Gentle

Lots 30, 31, 32, DP 2569

(* Lots 31, 32, 33 - V.113 F.188)

Holmwood, Dickson Street, Newtown 1887 - 1891

DP 2186 JS Richardson &

DDickson

Holmwood, Cooks River Road 1862 -1887

Agnes Dickson

1858-1862

James Dickson

1850 - 1858

WFanning

Bello Retiro, Cooks River Road 1'847 -1849

WFanning

1836 - 1847

John Lord

25 ac Field grant John Lord 1834

25 ac Evans grant (John Betts 1832)

Church & School

Simeon Lord 1800

Bulanaming

1Cracknell & Lonergan Heritage Architects

15a Dickson Street Newtown - Statement of Evidence

I~-------------

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II 15a Dickson Street Newtown - Statement of Evidence

I Date Reference

I9 Dec. 1794 Land Grants

Land west of the Aboriginal track (now King Street) to

Ithe Cooks River is granted in lots by the Crown,

including

25ac to William Field and 25ac to Richard Evans.

IIIIIIIIIII

Land Grants

Dec 61800 Bargain & Sale

I To Simeon Lord, Sydney Merchant

IChurch & School Land

1 Ju1.1830 18ac portion of Church & School Lands (includes

I portion of Fields & Evans grants)

conve ed to Thomas Harrin ton

II

Cracknell & Lonergan Heritage Architects 2

4

Bk.E No.173

Part of the Environs of Sydney

P.L. Bemi, Jul 1835

Cracknell & Lonergan Heritage Architects

Apr. 1832 Charles Cowper (Church & School Corporation) leases Lease &

part of the 18ac - 6a 1r IIp (east portion of Field's Release - Ref

grant encroaching on Evan's grant) - for £75 to John Bk.UNo.108

Betts, Merchant of Sydney. Bk.ENo.287

Jul. 1832 Part of the 18a Church and School land- 5a lr 36p, Bk.l No.647

adjoining the April lease - is conveyed to John Betts

John Betts mortgages 6a 1r IIp to Thomas Dyer

Edwards £1512.17.5

1832 John Betts Merchant King Street Sydney 1832 NSW

Directory (Betts & Panton) Calendar &

GPO

Directo

29,30 Aug Simeon and Mary Lord convey 25 ac (Field's grant) at Bk.GNo.440

1834 Bulanarning - bound by Caudell's on the north &

Evans' grant on the south - to John Lord for £250.

1835 Bemi map shows Fields grant as 30a. Should be 25ac.

811.182

2&3 Jan. 1832 Harrington conveys 18ac to Charles Cowper -trustee

for the Church & School Corporation - for £120

1832 . 1842 John Betts, Merchant and John Lord, Merchant


1---------------..

1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII



1835 Conrad Martens arrives in Sydney (d.1878)

1835-36 Alexander Brodie Spark builds Tempe house designed

by JohnVerge

Capt. Sylvester Browne builds Enmore House (on the

Page grant - 30ac estate) designed by John Verge

Jan 1835 John Betts leases 5a 1r 3p to Betts & Panton, his Bk.6No.940

Company, for lOs.

John Lord organises the building ofhis villa on the

6a I r IIp of land through John Betts who manages the

mortgage.

6 Jan 1836 A B Spark visits his friend and business associate John Abbott&

Lord Little

,... in passing to town to look at his projected

building. A child of his had been taken ill on the

previous day, & Dr Mitchell had been set for and

arrived. At 8'oclock at night the child died... '

17 Aug 1836 Letter from Ann Haslington to her sister Ann

Haslington

includes news of the death of her neighbours' baby letter [Aug. 17,

[Emma Lord] and progress on the new house. 'Mrs 1836]

Lord is quite well ... they are still living in Sydney, MLDOC1487

their new house will not be finished until near (Ref. Dyster

Christmas, when they will take their possessions ... p.99)

Mr Lord's very serious accident, he sliped[sic] his foot

and and fell through the joises[sic] of his new house,

and dislocated his ancle[sic], it is now about seven

weeks ago and is not able to put his feet to the ground

... is still obliged to walk with crutches. '

1837 John Verge retires to Austral Eden (MacLeay River)

-------------------------IIIIIiIIIIIIIIIIIIIII


-~----~-----------------..


JMHS No. 10

Simeon Lord (of Botany Bay) Leases 25 ae (Evan's Bk.N No.344

grant) to John & Mary Lord for £300.

bound on the NW by Field's grant leased to John

Lord 1834) & on the SE by Duke's grant (gehns 58

links),

on the NE and SW by reserved roads (30ehns)

' ... to hold the same premises with their

appurtenances' .

Mortgage to Thomas Edwards

(Betts) Lease & Release to Francis Mitchell

Sketch Detail - Tempe House

Tempe House, Conrad Martens 1838.

A.B. Spark commissions Conrad Martens to paint Dyster

Tempe

30,31

Jut. 1838

1838

Feb. 1838

1838


Felton Matthew Surveyor conveys 9a lr - part of 30a Bk.QNo.681

Jan 1840 Paul Page grant - to John Lord & GK Holden for lOs.

(future Mary Reiby's estate Enmore Road)

May 1840 Grant from Crown to Edwards

9,10 John & Mary Lord lease 3a of their land on the Evans Bk.UNo.511

Oet 1840 grant portion to Allan McGaa for £450

13&14 John Betts & wife mortgage 6a lr IIp to Thomas D Bk.UNo.108

Nov. 1840 Edwards

, . .. and also all that Messuage, Tenements, Dwelling

House erections and outbuildings since erected and

built by John Betts [John Lord's villa] upon the said

parcel. ..,

borrowing £3000.

Noted in the conveyance that a 40' lane is reserved for

access to the water.

3 Dec. 1840 Thomas Dyer Edwards lends John Lord £3000 Bk.YNo.513

(Ref in

as mortgage on 6a lr 11p 'bound on SW by other land Bk.12 No.939)

of John Lord Esq' and SE by continuation of said land'

.1841

Jul1841 Enmore Estate is subdivided and William M. Manning

mortgages a portion of his neighbouring property, 6a

lr, at £1800.

Aug. 1841 Jacob Josephson buys Enmore House. Cashman &

Meader p.ll0

30 Aug. 1841 John Lord's Villa, Bello Retiro, is advertised for sale Cashman &

in The Australian. Meader p.112,'" a beautiful villa residence with most convenient

outhouses, premises, garden and pleasure grounds ...

ornamented with exotic and rare plants ... tall cedar



-1--------------------..,




and choice Fig trees, ... brick built and finished in

Stucco ... in the modern English style called Domestic

Architecture. '

27&28 John & Mary Lord mortgage properties to Hannibal H

Sept. 1841 Macarthur (Bank of Australia) -

£20,000 'and upwards' for

25ac Fields grant

25ac Evans grantother property of 2650ac in County Durham


1842

William Fanning(l816-1887), Merchant, arrives in Cashman &

Sydney Meader p.115,

Partnership in Griffiths &Fanning (1843) ADB

John Lord & family return to England, leaving John

Betts to take care of the Bello Retiro estate then

totalling about 50 acres (Field's and Evan's grant).

John Betts purchases property in Glebe & lives at Kew F. MacDonald

Cottage early 1840s p.107

Betts & Panton 295 Pitt Street

Also has property on the MacLeay River

The portion ofland which contains the house (Bella

Retiro) is adjusted to 6a 1r Bp (to line ofpresent 33

Dickson Street). Contained on the 5a 1r 3p (to present

Pearl Lane) is aformal garden (orchard), a well and a

waterhole.

Jul. 1842 Part release of mortgage money on 6a lr 8p leaving Ref. In Bk.1

£1512.17.5 John Betts owing to Edwards (who is No.647.

living in London)

John Lord's Villa (Bella Retiro) isfor sale

3 Sept. 1842 Advertisement in The Australian Marrickville

[Bello Retiro] "... is brick built and finished in stucco Heritage

and stands on an area of 4000 feet. ... presents - as Journal p.9.11

you approach it by the drive sweeping the circular

lawn from the carriage entrance - the most decided

proof of the architect's science and skill having been

bestowed in the disposition, taste and structure of the

edifice altogether."

14 Sept. 1842 Advertisement in The Australian announces Bello The Australian

Retiro Villa for sale (6a 1r 8p + Sa 1r 3p) and 14 Sept. 1842

opportunity to purchase smaller subdivided allotments

west of Wells Street. Mr Stubbs, the auctioneer

expresses disdain at 'such neglect' that previous offers




IIIIIII-IIIIIIIIIIIIII


Ihave been 'passed over' .


IIIII.IIII1IIIIIIIIII


14 Sept 1842 The AustralianBELLO RETIRO 14 Sept. 1842(4th mile only from the Obelisk, Macquarie Place)

Near the Church on the Cooks River Road, with a GovernmentRoad leading to Unwin's Bridge at the Back.

A Beautiful Villa Residence

With most convenient Out-offices, Premises Gardens and

Pleasure Grounds, and lately in the occupation of John Lord, Esq.

'" it is , that the most splendid Villa Residence about Sydney,

designed under every combination that can gratify the senses or

render life agreeable; mansions perfected with all that taste can

make enviable, and pleasure grounds ornamented and clothed

with exotic and most rare of Nature's productions, - "the tallCedar and choice Fig Trees", - are as silently passed over withoutnotice, as if Science were dead in the world, and that mankindknew no more of social and moral excellence - discernment or

truth, than just as is resolved into the mere Question of "Howmuch do'ye think it is worth a foot?"

To rescue this property from such neglect, the followingdescription is given, hoping that an exception to this rule will bemade ...

BY PUBLIC AUCTION'" delineated on the plan as surveyed and mapped by Mr WHWells, situated at a most delightful and agreeable distance fromthe high road ...

THE HOUSE

Is brick built, find finished in stucco, and stands on an area of

about 4,000 feet, and presents, as you approach it by the drivesweeping the circular lawn from the carriage entrance, the most

decided proof of the architect's science and skill having beenbestowed in the disposition, taste, and structure of the edifice

altogether. The admirable arrangements in the proportions and

convenience of the various apartments is at once perceptible, and

which, as a whole design, reminds one immediately of that chaste

and universally successful introduction - the modern EnglishStyle, called "Domestic Architecture". The house with somesixteen acres of land, extensive premises, garden, paddocks, andconvenient appurtenances, will form the FIRST LOT, (A.)

LOTS 1 to 31Are admirably laid out as Building Allotments, (about half acre

each,) for Villa Residences, form a quantity of land computing14a.lr.29p. Four of these have frontages on the Sydney Road tothe Dam, and other five are on the Government Road leading to

ICracknell & Lonergan Heritage Architects 11

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

'-


Unwin's. Bridge. The remainder being with frontages to Maria

Street, which is reserved as an open communication of ingress

and egress to all the Lots from one Government road to the other.

III------




13

Wells Plan

Allotments of

Bello Retiro

('shows

Fanning's

Residence'

noted on index

card)

ZM1

811.1826/

1842/1. ~

~

'"~

'"I'G;.:,

Detail Bello Retiro

Plan of the Villa, Bello Retiro on the Cook's River

Road, with 31 Allotments for Sale by Auction by Mr

Stubbs, on the 28th Sept. 1842.

Shows lay.~~t o~~~1:~~~~w~.;::tet~s.gr..a~." ....'d flf!fl,fi hfJllrn 1r6"~. f!nw"n; ,Jj<'"ul e, 7, .J ,bu:r

"~;"-j: IJ! .•

~• .",,<

Sept. 1842


3 Nov. 1842 Ad. In The Australian Heritage 9.11,

"The Family Residence has seven large and lofty incorrectly

rooms with back and front verandah, detached kitchen, attributed to

servants' room, laundry, etc, coach house, stabling 'Holmwood'.

with loft. ... altogether an establishment designed in

the very best spirit and taste, inviting every agreeable

association and necessary appurtenance, fitting-up, and

convenience, so indispensibly necessary and decidedly

obvious in this comparison of other much envied

'Newtown Establishments'.

Note Oct 10,1842 The Australian includes

'bound by Bello Retiro, William Manning (Stanmore

House) Robert Browne [Bourne] (Camden Villa). This

property is more likely part of the Camdenville estate

or Enmore estate (tbd).

Sept. 1843 Lease (6a 1r 8p) to Matthew D. Hunter & Mashfield

Mason £686.18.5.



1842 Location Plan showing grants

Bello Retiro & 1842 subdivision located at Fields &

Evans grants.


1844 -1846 John Betts

2 Feb. 1844 Harriott Betts, widow (John Betts sisiter -in-law?) Bk.6 No.629

living at The Glebe, lends £1487.5.7 to pay Edwards.

John Betts is "contained for redemption of property

[6a lr 8p] including ... messuage tenement or dwelling

house since erected and built by John Betts upon

payment to Thomas Edwards.

Feb. 1844 Josephson's 21ac Enmore estate is mortgaged to

Robert Campbell (Bank of Australia) for £3335 and

then leased to William Wallis & Joshua Frey

Josephson.

30 Apr. 1844 Thomas Edward's brother-in-law, James Sharpe (of Bk.12 No.939

Adelong Creek) and John Betts are assigned Trustees CHECK

of the 6a lr 8p estate. The parcel of land is described

as being bound on the SW and SE by John Lord's

land.

The land described as John Lord's on the Deeds

comprises of 5a lr 3p of Field's grant encroaching

about 44' (mean) on the Evans grant bound on the SE

by Wells Street and on the SW by the Rosewarne

Estate (at present Pearl Lane).

6 Aug. 1844 William Fanning marries Oriana, the third daughter of

GA Richardson MD of Jamberoo

1845 Joshua Frey Josephson inherits Enmore House.

1846 John Betts dies at age 41. Reg.BDM




1847 -1858 William Fanning, Merchant

30 Apr. 1847 New Trustee of John Betts estate assigned: John Bk.91 No.667

Phillip Fisher with James B Sharpe.

30 Apr. 1847 William Fanning purchases 6a lr 8p (releasing John Bk.12 No.939

Lord of his debt and owing Thomas Edwards

(mortgagor in England) £1487.2.7

30 Apr 1847 William Fanning purchases Sa lr 3p (described as Bk.12 No.940

John Lord's land Apr 1844 conveyance) comprising of

4a lr 31p on the SW (bound on the SW by Rosewarne,

present Pearl Lane) and la lr 9 1I2p on the SE (boundon the SE by Wells Street).

With mortgage on the 6a lr 8p Fanning owes £535 +£1070 payable to James Sharpe.

Henrietta Heathom (Oriana's sister) is living at Bello MLSmallRetiro (renamed Holmwood) Later note with sketch Picture File

'where I livedfor 7 years'

7 Aug. 1849 John C. MacLaren, John Sterling [Australia Bank] & Bk.19 No.817Alexander Gray sell 16ac (portion of 20ac.)

(Rosewame Estate) to Richard Hurst.

The land described is a portion of the Fields & Evans Bk.19 No.817grants [substantially Field's encroaching on Evan's]

bound on the NW by Caudell's grant, on the NE by

'Mr Fanning's land' and the SW by a Reserved[Edgeware] Road. Right of access to the pond andwell on the land is maintained but excluded from the

purchased land. Right of access on the south later

becomes Wells Street.




Feb. 1850 William Fanning returns to England ADB

7 Aug. 1850 Indenture whereby John MacLaren, Alexander Gray, Refin Bk.l0

John Sterling & Richard Hurst's 20ac (or thereabouts), No.738

at the rear of William Fanning's, is released for the use

of Richard Hurst.

Part of the 20ac includes the extra portion of land

Fanning purchased in Apr. 1847, evidently with a

mortgage (or other) arrangement transferred to the

owners of the 20ac.

14 Gct. 1850 Richard Hurst sells 5a lr 3p to William Fanning 'of Bk.19 No.738

Bello Retiro, Newtown' for £122. The land is

described as south of (Judge) Josephson's, east of

Richard Hurst's, west of Fanning's land and north of

Wells Street.

A plan of the purchase included with the Conveyance

illustrates Fanning's original purchase showing 'Bello

Retiro' with side wings and front verandah and L-

shaped stables building and round house structure at

the rear. Behind the purchased property along Wells

Street are a well and a pond.






Bk.19 No.738

ADB

Noted from

ML Small

Picture File

not to be

reproduced.

Henrietta Heathorn (Oriana Fanning's sister) sketches

'Holmwood' New Town.

William Fanning is living in England

1850

1850

140ct. 1850




Richard Hurst sells 20ac to Judge Joshua Frey Bk.19 No.817

Josephson of Enmore adding to his Camdenville Estate

19

ML.Noted from

FM4/216

Huxley Papers

Not to be

photocopied.

ADB

ADB

FM4/216

Reuss & Browne Subdivisions shows estate south of

Wells Street (Evans grant) as 'Bello Retiro' and north

of Wells Street as Fanning's. North of Wells Street

should be Fanning (B) and Josephson (W). As

Fanning's estate is referred to as 'Holmwood'

confusion has arisen as to the location of Bello Retiro

Villa.

Henrietta Heathorn marries botanist TH Huxley

(England?), having lived at Holmwood 1848 - 1855.

William Fanning returns and lives at Double Bay

Henrietta Heathorn develops sketches of Holmwood

Showing elliptical openings in gable ends, new

chimneys and side wings, circular driveway,

established trees etc

Lands on the Richard Evans grant on the Cooks River Bk.41 No.330

Road (south of Wells Street) in 1855 are mortgaged to

the Bank of Australia (John Sterling Chairman) and

subdivided.

Included in the 20 ac is Fanning's 5a lr 3p, now sold

to Judge Josephson (transfer of mortgage?)

1856

1855

1852

1851

20 Jan 1851

20 Jan 1851


IIIIIiII


Reuss & Brown subdivisions 1858

I Mar 1857 Indenture of mortgage William Fanning (& John Refin

Robert Radford) £1000 7a.1r 52/733

IIIIIIIIIII

10ct.1857 Mortgage paid to Frances Spark (widow) 52/733



I1858 . William Fanning lives at Holmwood House, Cooks Sydney Sands

I River Road Directory

1858-59

IFanning sells Holmwood, having lived there 1 year.

1858 -1890 James Dickson, Merchant & Politician

I 11 Dec 1858 Fanning sells his estate (both parcels - 6a lr 8p & 5a 62/43

Ilr 31p) to James Dickson, of Newtown for £5030. Refin

Bk.79 No.962

I Conrad Marten has sketched William Fanning's

residence New Town, date unknown (1847 - 1858).

IIII

Holmwood

IThe point ofview is similar to Henrietta Heathom 's.

I The presentation of the building is reminiscent of

s'parke's Tempe House, although the plan form is

dissimilar.

I1859 William Fanning travels to England,

I 22 Sept: 1862 Both parcels are transferred to James Dickson's wife, Bk.79 No.962

IAgnes Graham Dickson.

John Soame Richardson and David P. Dickson are

Trustees.

I J.S. Richardson (1836-1896) is married (14 May 1862)

to James Dickson's eldest daughter, Jeannie Strachan

I nee Dickson (Sydney).

Commandant of the Permanent Volunteer Military ADB

IForces (1865), Major General Aug 1885




Afternoon hoto of cro uet at Holmwood circa 1860s.

The photo clearly shows the building (front fafade) as

coursed sandstone. The original building, Bello Retiro,

was advertised as brick and stucco.

Showing style of Pleasure Garden c.1860s.


6 Mar. 1865 Samuel Smith Dickson referenced in Title.



V.762 F.87

PA3520

Note refer

24

Bk.91 No.667

Bk.269

NoA01

Bounded by Cooks River Road, Wells Street,

J.S. Richardson & David Dickson are registered as

Proprietors of the property lla 2r 7p

Agnes Graham Dickson of 'Holmwood' has Title,

JS Richardson & DP Dickson trustees

Judge Josephson land to north - Camdenville (acquired

under Will of Robert Campbelll843) and west

(Richard Hurst 1850) under Real Property Act.

33a SOp Valued at £5000

Described as part of Caudell's 30 ac & part William

Field's 25 ac.

3 cottages on his land

Mrs Agnes is neighbour to south, owner & occupier.

160ct. 1885

Mar 1883

1880·90

290ct. 1873

1870·80

28 Apr. 1863 James Dickson dies at Holmwood.





1887

Rosewame Estate and Camdenville Estate

Land surveyed for subdivision DP 2186

Holmwood Estate reduced to la 2r 18p, approx

360'x195' (109m x 59.5m)

Holmwood Street & Dickson Street established

Original stables building demolished for Dickson St.

Additions have been made - extension to the front,

including 2 bays suggesting 1880s Italianate style,

probably 1885 -1887 paid for by subdivision.

PA6357

25



DP 2186, 1887

Holmwood 1889 overlay to Holmwood 1850

(Bello Retiro)



S due Water Plan 1889

Sydney Water 1889 Detail Holmwood

Sydney Water

.: 5 T'-' ."S,

f,"~'-,-\- - -,-

w

Water Board plan shows a number of houses and

terraces built on the subdivision.

Further addition to 'Holmwood' is hexagonal tower on

the north side. Plan shows stone pillars at Holmwood

Street entry. Building labelled as stone & brick.

1889IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

11 Cracknell & Lonergan Heritage Architects 27

1890·1900

1890 Holmwood is demolished

25 Nov. 1891 The Holmwood estate is subdivided and sold by Perpetual ';frustee V.Co. on behalf of Richardson & Dickson. 10

37

F.63

9 Dec 1892 John Soame Richardson retires A

(admitted Callan Park, 20 May 1894, dies 9 June 1896) Probate of D

estate £8233. B

Recognised for great contribution to founding of the Australian

military division.

20 Nov. 1893 Josiah Gentle, Brickmaker, purchases 3 allotments of the

subdivision 17 1/4p

5 Dec 1893 Transfer 20 Nov. 1893 V.Lots 31,32.33 DP 2569 11

13

F.18

8

Josiah Gentle builds 'The Towers', 15 Dickson Street, over 2 lots,

leaving the third lot vacant.




IIIIIIII


,-=~~~:~~"~~r-~ 1}}:' ,',:";' :.' ./ T '~,_':~:~<;,~~~;7~=Ii>+---- -r~';'

"

• r ,".'

.._ .1'/,

Overla 1889/ 1960s from S dne Water Plans

Showing location of No. 15, The Arches, over renovatedHolmwood footprint. No.15a encroaches on abay of the laterrenovations.

>" >9~ '.~ .....;-'~,

, J .)IIIIIIIIII

,.

. . .' .'

::"N. \'., .:. '

, '';',

" ',' '.

" . '

" '" ..~

,,,.'<c o , • ~ ...:', '< :<~ ,.'" :', ,~'<

III Cracknell & Lonergan Heritage Architects 29

I1I11I11I,11I'II'111III1


Bibliography

Ryan, R.J., edited by,

Land Grants 1788-1809

A record of registered grants and leases in New South

Wales, Van Diemen's Land and Norfolk Island,

Griffin Press, S.A., 1981

Dyster, Barrie,Servant & Master, Building and Running the Grand

Houses of Sydney 1788-1850,

NSW University Press, 1989.

James Broadbent, Ian Evans, Clive Lucas,


IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII-1II1


The Golden Decade of Australian Architecture, The

Work of John Verge,

Macarthur Press (Books), 1978.

Richard Cashman & Chris Meader,

Marrickville, Rural Outpost to inner city, A social

history of Marrickville and the former municipalities

of Newtown, Camperdown, Petersham and St Peters,

Hale & Iremonger, 1990.

Sharpe, Alan, Pictorial Newtown,

Kingsclear Books, 1999.

Kenny, Tom, The Historic Villages of Tempe and St

Peters, J.C. Trennear, 1972.

Abbott, GH, Reminiscences of Newtown and

Neighbourhood.

Graham Abbott and Geoffrey Little, The Respectable

Sydney Merchant. A.B. Spark of Tempe, Sydney

University Press, 1976.

Journal Marrickville Heritage Society Nos. 4, 9, 11.

Victorian Villas of Marrickvillel Newtown,

Marrickville Council Library Services.

Australian Dictionary of Biography, 1851- 1890.
