I.  Createanepisodemaponwestwardexpansion

A.  Whatisamarket??Whatdopeopledoatmarkets??Whatisanexampleofamarket??Whataresomemarketsthatweusefrequently??

I.  The Industrial Revolution was an effort to increase production by using machines rather instead of humans or animals.

II.  The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1700s and soon made its way to America

III.  Steam engines soon replaced work done by men and animals

I.  People began buying and selling goods instead of making them on their own

II.  Surge in manufacturing (North and Northwest)

A.  Making products in factories

III.  More people participated in a larger market economy.

A.  Purchase things instead of making them B.  Allow others to build, create things à then purchase them

I.  Most people live in rural environments (mainly subsistence) farmers.

II.  Grow food & raise animals for self consumption.

III.  Make other things like clothes, furniture, etc.

IV.  Made cash selling excess goods.

V.  Trade with neighbors for things they can’t make (barter economy)

I.  Artisan = skilled craftsman (blacksmith, cobbler, cooper, wheel maker, tailor, etc).

II.  Each product is crafted by hand

A.  Product is made entirely B.  No individual parts all one piece C.  Difficult & time consuming

III.  Cottage Industry

A.  Products are made at home by women B.  Companies send materials to homes,

women sew products & send them back for commission

I.  Specialization – focusing on producing 1 or 2 products or crops

II.  Specialization lead to the Market Revolution

A.  People bought & sold goods rather than making them.

III.  Growth depended on free enterprise A.  Economic system where private businesses control the

means of production & earn profits

IV.  Investors called Entrepreneurs A.  Investors who risk their own money in new industries.

I.  Causes: A.  Improvements in Transportation B.  Increased Industrialization C.  Improvements in communications

II.  Results = Increased commercialization (more Americans involved in commercial market activity). Buying and selling more

I.  Steamboats A.  Robert Fulton invented the

steamboat B.  Travel upriver and downriver C.  Shipping faster, easier and

cheaper

II.  Canals (Erie) à NE & NW I.  Canals are man-made rivers

that assisted in the transportation of goods in the USA

II.  Connect places away from rives to rives, lakes or oceans

I.  The invention and growth of Railroads allowed for overland transportation of products & people

II.  Railroads allowed the for products and people to be moved quickly over land

A.  Never possible before

III. 1830 = 13 miles of RR

IV.  1860 = 31,000 miles of RR

I.  Telegraph A.  Samuel F.B. Morse

II.  Instant communication A.  Revolutionized the way

people talk B.  Communication available

throughout entire nation

III.  Companies and consumers can speak instantly about products

I.  Efficient transportation became essential. A.  Moving products became as important as making

products B.  Manufacturers needed to be able to move products from

factory to consumer

II.  Railroads offered the advantage of speed. I.  Trains could operate in winter. II.  Brought goods further inland.

III.  Improved communication & transportation made America’s regions interdependent.

I.  South remain cash crop agricultural. A.  Relied on tobacco, cotton, rice

II.  Northeast became a center for commerce. A.  Relied on manufacturing to sustain the economy.

III.  Midwest became agricultural. A.  Relied on specialization of wheat, corn & cattle

IV.  All three regions of the USA began trading with one another thanks to transportation improvements

I.  DuringtheMarketRevolutiontheAmericansocietywillundergosignificantchange.

A.  Urbanization(UrbanGrowth)àmorepeoplemovingtocitiesi.  Americanscanfindworkinfactories

B.  TransportationImprovementsàgoods&peoplecanmovemuchfaster

i.  Railroads,Steamboats,Roads(Turnpikes)&Canals

C.  Communicationàpeoplecancommunicateinstantlyi.  Telegraphprovidesinstantcommunicationii.  ConnectstheAmericannationàNorth,South&West

I.  Manufacturers needed cheap labor for factory work

II.  Competition forced factory owners to cut wages

and working conditions began to deteriorate. A.  Lower wages means more profits B.  Cheaper prices means more sales C.  All about maintaining profits

III.  Factory owners begin to turn to immigrant labor (The Irish)

①  ExplainhowtheMarketRevolutionchangedthewayitemswereobtained:

②  PriortotheMarketRevolutionhowwereitemsmade?Whattwoplaces?

③  WhywastransportationimportantduringtheMarketRevolution?

④  ExplainthreeadvancementsintransportationduringtheMarketRevolution

⑤  DiscussthechangeincommunicationduringtheMarketRevolution:

I.  From1800-1850theUnitedStateswillexpandrapidlyA.  ManifestDestiny,LandAcquisitions,Mex-AmWar

II.  Industrialinventionswillassistthisexpansionwestward&theMarketRevolution

A.  InventionsmakeexpansionpossibleàwithouttheseinventionsAmericacannotmovewest

B.  InventionsmaketheMarketRevolutionàwithoutinventionsmachinescannotmakeproductsandmoveproducts

①  Completetheindustrialinventionschartwithapartner

②  Researchtheinformationandcompletethechartusingonlineresourcesortextbooks

③  Youshouldnotmovetoworkwithsomeonedifferent

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat

I.  Robert Fulton invented the Steamboat making water travel much easier

A.  Travel both directions on the rivers à no man or animals needed

B.  Allowed products to be moved quickly throughout the nation

I.  Provided fast land transportation

II.  People and products can be moved without water

A.  Fast & cheap shipping

III.  Connected the American regions

IV.  Now north, south and west rely on one another

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791

I.  Made cotton production easier & faster A.  Settlers can farm more land à specialization B.  Increased number of slaves needed on southern

plantations C.  Industrial agriculture of cotton

Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory

I.  Developed the idea of interchangeable parts A.  Unskilled workers can build products

B.  Mass production of good begins for markets

i.  Need a lot of goods very fast à factories

C.  Increase of factory system à increased urbanization

i.  More Americans moving to cities

John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837)

I.  John Deere created the steel plow

A.  Made cultivation of western land possible

B.  Steel is much lighter & stronger C.  Easier to cultivate rocky soil in

western USA

II.  No steel plow à no westward expansion

Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

I.  McCormick invented the mechanical reaper A.  Reaper used to harvest

grain (breads, pastas)

II.  Increased the productivity of the American farmer

III.  One famer could do the work of 5 men A.  Industrial agriculture B.  Less people needed to

farm

Samuel F. B. Morse

1840 – Telegraph

I.  Samuel Morse invented the telegraph A.  Communication becomes instant B.  Interconnection of north, south

and west (they can all talk) C.  Linked interior (western) USA with

the east

Elias Howe & Isaac Singer

1840s Sewing Machine

I.  Elias Howe invented the sewing machine in 1846 II.  Isaac Singer added the foot pedal

III. The sewing machine reduced the time it took to make clothes A.  Textiles (clothes) became an important piece in American markets B.  Northern manufactures made clothes from southern cotton

i.  North and south rely on each other for economic prosperity

I.  ManufacturingbecamemucheasierduringtheMarketRevolution

A.  Inventions&industrialization

II.  ManufactureditemsbecomecheaperduetoeasinessA.  Lowerpricesmeantthatfactoryworkerscouldpurchasenew

itemsB.  Americaneconomyskyrocketsàmoreproduction,more

consumption=moremoney

I.  TheMarketRevolutionledtospecialization(focusingononething)inthethreeregionsoftheAmericaneconomy

II.  North,SouthandWestwillallfocusononeeconomicmeansofwealth

III.  Themarketallowstheregionstospecializethensellproductsinmarket

Regional Specialization

North à Industrial Manufacturing

SOUTH à Cotton, Tobacco & Slavery

WEST à The Nation’s “Breadbasket (FOOD)