iThe youth ; '•4 r?*

7f

moYementkcatdrinc SA’s attention e See page 9

i ^\ tastant-ctodent v

■lake history on June W i >e See centrespread

r-dto. <

T J .' s rtdf.

The talking - v " beads of the SA student ■ovemcnt 9 • See page 10

PRICE: 20cA SOUTH AFRICAN STUDENTS PRESS UNIONTUBLICATION VOLUME 4 NUMBER 5 NOVEMBER, 19B3

L e t US h aV C press to challengefreedom in

my lifetime says Mpethal

!.controlsTHE SOUTH African t a n Uaoc ha a crucial role to develop^ democratic aladaat

This a a he fading of anaad NO from 25

s a h e k h a aSTUDENTS WED to pto; to* f B l k k l ^ l k r b M d o B a d t v ptoa to am eammry.

Tfas wa f c of O a rM petka . o f tk c U aitad

I SIM

Waweri'oape com m at; toeder brought yearinp from Ike UDF lo

Nusa'psaaidea Kau nSlTtokcr opexwag odtfcra. said tke a n n a

■tioe and | n w throughout tkc

i of tkeUDFaakaal progresarvc movement was poaabfc and tkat the) cook) par-

Dunnf hto addrem . Mpcthi the 400 delegate* and ohaenen that to hhrrWinr aruggks around tke world student. kad atood ade by todc with tke workcn.

■Our ted ii a rich toad.’ kc aid. tod yet the chidrcn oT the a aaa arc dying of malnutrition. There mint kc aomcthaig wrong and cfcariy tkto toad of owl requires a change.’

"SouHi Africa a ojto| out for ckange aad students. wketker faiack

■la a imoiutk* tkey M ad h a I k iofSm putoy to teA C rr io

to iin i 1 1 md i»

Aasesdag tke pea yea. ongoing pnassdea Aaoatte Oriaiil aid Ike aomsfty aad quality of active af- B m to !

o cimtiaur k> wort aad MB) to i n , earn jn tke hoe of iacraasing wnaonkp from Ike M e aad Brita­

in a aotioe paaed uaananoody.

r i:'■X 1 f~

i ' V ."

It- - .1He aaid whate students Should go

out. m sees aad daugkten of tke I

- ~*«L'

^ A

srvr acton of tke Me. Tkey jaid tkc J raring of tke pica wa oaly one apcct of tke dampdown oo progra am organisations to |

In another motion, Sa to mamty aipport aflBiaa whack ase tkraaened tytkeir univeaityad- ndatoritoi la Tkey toaked out at Kkoda aad tkc Uavcnity of Cqpc Town far recent rnanrdli| attemptsoo tke tojdem press.

a* for lto tke denanrts and ateratt of tke a^oaity of South Africans. Tke Iraatmea by the coounctual pna of tke npnaion to Mdantsanc howed tkat objectivity wa a myth.

Tka Sapu affiliates resolved to aae tke Odd aauc a an suable to aake ttadcots aware of tke way to

— -- r - , _ Tke mm Souh Afeoaa Madto-J dLirlwdSt-**"***vpffc,p°*** r*ft***,r1—*r?**1r1 mLZwomed ■boot me ttfm t^poa* to elate attempt* at oo- op- to head eod aeed to ajobibae Mu- difficult and challenging for all of tke ana. They raaolved to rtrow-tw UDF wa “ d «"*">■- • ‘• “' • ' “ "■to*- <fato. At UCTaad Wit» univcnitics progressive group, torlurtmgthe > appea pwa control •wkctbcr k beHe UDF ” « feat aad the Koornkof bffl. - but Ikouandt of andeoti nmed out «t Xaiooal Umon.

, 11” aob>a «»tke tmoa ^ ^ a mKljm faq. ma> aaetiap oo tkc kne aad « <Wc have to face Ike <toal ^arinm■ •* *s>* “ nwdom- wkkh ha advmced tke noo- ndal Rkoda aad Maritzburg campiaa of co-option aad iamtofring npna- ^ . . ..

t far <ka«e. thoaaab aon Meadcd prate* toon - a^ectoBy to tte baaatar- - * *“ ™rt bSL — and we wffl have to dewtop a i

far tke k u n a of ckani

Tke 73 yaar oid activat wko ha a

profileyaar j d naiane far ta iw an ’ -wha w a kappenk* to N a a dnr- merchei ^ a a t tke m e a l

k a # h goarlak cad .a id *ap eo- fag f c yaar nfcen what been The daagcr r f Ugh0 c of Snath Africa do aat waa fcappaaag off • ax aid. mobiltoatioo to tkat we

. - ■ owl -Tkat w a a rtoe to right wtog ac- organaaioaal activity oo ItM yaaaacam paaaaadattoeia p oea .'*e aad. Vat »c I

•ha wiag aaar taetica, aach a Ike fatten into h e trap tka yaar aad kavc w a lo be to a pototion to ra^oad to u1’."1*"ap- aolorioa Ctoapa N an paaphfat atruck a balaace between Ike ckaBeoga wkick caae boa be- _ 11 .

whrh w a d^riknlad aalioawide to awhilkana aad akd nrganiarinri i l l a part of tke woa- racial

afactad fc^pu pwtodaa far HM. In--------- --------- — --------- aeglect tke Tutak 'to Sooth Africa.' tow * f “ ******

1 to tkeir iferimea. b« aow! I t e a wa a rtoe a right wk« ac- organtoaioaal adMty oo Ike cam- aad. T 8 T T ” T*■Old a 1 am. I wocdd kfce to ae M y a a v a a p a a a d a t h e k puaea.' Ac aad. *■« w* kavc not Skc aid tka wa accaaary SN ua .T * ™ " ® “ *." ™ » *

nadoa fa MY ifarime aeaa aowP fee aid to toad

.of the •

'between tofiiaiea. both on a ■ level, the i

ad he pofiticaUy aducativc nfa ofMay _ .aqaatoaboa began with aoags of *Ihi. a.L«aitto»ri atapoaae fraa Philip a id adm toil* aae oae of the rh#p aaid congrca w a a t o e to h e aadnapratoe far Mpatka. wko h a hecone N a a a to kow we viewed change to key toedtatione far matoeamng the develop an oodenuadag of tke dif- *■a onabol o f aoa- actokan. South Alrica aad our tofc to Ikk statu, quo mod Ike education fcrtnt campus a to Nuaa aad to ***atos had to oonceante m heir

1 to turn tka at- struoie. far Niaas. w a a struggle to buSd unity between hem. awa tocemal aducajoo ptwgrst a achange peopfa's idea. ’La a build laky brtww a a a m a * * ma J'“ r-

Utoky a a atoo o tkraw of Kale pcocea WaPbttp's speech. *Tfea people Snath tack to our tAfrica are toearlyaa h e a o a aad the cpporaastytopsoaotc a r id s a ‘M aa h m atfalMfect on people's h e we can go forward fa toianWh to - Delsgstes a id h e dsksas ■ h e

vac a of ctosapc oa h e casspuaas,’ afceatod. fcva and wihonr ttoanging idea you face whatever chaSeapa coaftoa a . co o rsa aad idea far ptaecto w acahy fa feeiag koilt ketweeaa society.' fhe said. dtoloadap- KMy to improve tkair

and Saaa, a a whale at 11*4 J

REPORTS

Right wing flounders in attempt to break NusasNEVE* HAS the nghs-wmg on the »ut Nuaas » worried about “ * canxmaes Ind w t ■4’porL ngfct-wtng not so much m what k a

But tiiii hat not m anaged ft trying doing. * « * "I*0 ■ W and ft. to W taace t t t o n oT (u ifc a Ctyaura grouping has the r a t t a n

of pome high-level gove ra iTient

where there h aT V only■ « Win.

the t a MRuaael Crystal

Nom Crystal hasgroups or. other

He has aatabbrtied connections with a snail group of ISetu'manu- faurg students through the Sudenti

^ ^ c tio n Front, hat tried to woo *u- potiuoans m Durbar; and get

^ B e m to let ap ‘moderate' organise ■sons. and ia aiding the fbnnatiao trf a nght- wing organisation at the University c f Cape Town to replace the dweredaed and defunct Corner ■ n in e StudeaU AJhance (CSAX

Ha aucceas aeons touted. Ac­cording to saports. the Durban mt- dents have rejected his hand of friendship, and N aas recently woo the sffamion of Maritzburg aa p a t o f the National Union

Cape Town sources report that ■here h i n k chance of a right- wing organisation onogiag aa a farce after the fender of the CSA was proved to have taken part in the ahootiog of W T tender Egbn's house aorne time ago.

Akhough tae SMA at Was n vocal

prominent businessmen in the Nationaiat h n y

• r id t a t Prnaaa qtokaqsenoa: 'i h h fcs doeely the •roederboad’s ptan to destroy Nusas through tmder- — its base on the English- speakhv campuses. State actkn has not stopped Nusas growing In strength Perhaps the hope h that the right- wing on the campuses Will un­dermine the gains Nusas has made over the y ean '

The right-wing did have an effect at Rhodes, where ft regrouped and i...nrK#it a disaffiliation campaign.

A hallmark of right-wing accvity t o been pamphlets on the campuaea. aome 'anonymous', and many claim­ing to have been produced by laft-

____ it tea lit tie credibility ooOystaTi home ground

• A t the beginning cf the yaar a pobhcarmn appeared on aO Nuaas — ..p — and aome Afrikaans cam- pasei. Casnpus News, daiming to be fee cficsal organ cf Nuaas, caBed on aE ftadeats to take IV arms, Join thnHCTU we Sicwe (the miftary wing o f the African National Oongreae) and *—* an assault on * c apartheid ante. Has, a id the

• A pamphlet appeared, darning to have been haued by the Wfts Aker- l g e Service Group.WASG. which has committed ftadf to fighting for the creation pf aker- antive ways of doing atihary aarvice

RuanaH Cryatnt, leade r

• A pamphlet on SRC lanethoad paper appeared st Wfts, trying la ■near the SRC f t eaideal, Brendan Barry.•D uraig the referenda the right-wm(tried to Ink M ans to the ANC Pamphlets claimed Nuaas was the >n M n g frnk’ between the ANC,

»A pamphlet -*m Namibia was produced in latge number* using the A g n s and aims c f Nuaas in a chs-

of the Wits right-wing, booklets thanking women for tha part they play in fighting poverty, hunger and the to ic n s t threat'. •During the antMoosttatioc cam­paign Nuaas poaters were copaad, and only the slogan changed.

Deapite this variety of attacks Nuaas a not worried about a threat to their strength As praaaVnt Kate Philip explains: The rigta-wing h a t* much more than a nuisance. Beraiwe il is loud docs not mean that ft is ef­fective or has credibility.

■But the right wffl keep going because of the noo-campus people who are behind ft, not becauac ft has support on the campuses.'

Women win creches at Wits, UCTDAY-CARE become a laataty at amverthiei. .F o r yean student, and anff have

t and pleaded wfth the naiver- ^ ^ t o s e t s p c h a d -

i for I : with

The auivuat o i of Cape Town and Wfts finally gave at to p n w m and are to subddwe the cantcn which wg make the t e a of aaay wotting and

I W !

The SRCs fir* came done to *tt- ‘ i eatafciiabed in

efraatrsaedby_____ trgument thai Matnbare of t w Wlta Woman s Movamant In « ia lr cam paign

— ---------- e too high and *it is act untverjities, they have little oppor-tbe <h«y cf * e aasverwt/ to prwidc cmlnp^ I! * wfts tunity of pursuing ft career or «udy-oare for I hddria. erfnan«ed recently with the Wfts ng.

a * v w Ad the adaamstn- admin agreeav to act op a creche in In order to remedy this, the WitsO ^ a e j - r e n m e . ' * SRC took ap the campaign. ATheUCT SRC Barted their own The Wfts Women's Movement, “protest march' o f thirty mffitant

l ^ l d - r ^ - wbicb led the campon, pointed out M t an j recently the an- ftat ft was mainly women who bear which drew wide " “ cr •

agreed to give Ihe iraponaibfey for chid care, and mass meeting 4 800 Wia «udcna- ■ cf wfth the hek of crecbe fadhtiea at a*ned a prtftKm cafcng on the ad-

Thousands of students optcA Zi^ for democracy and progress

UDF b m n — backdrop to

UDF blossoms in Cape Town’s gardensWHITE DEMOCRATS ta the Cape Town aobaaha o f Oardena. Otaer- vatory and Claremont have bccnmr annived hi the Untesl Democratic show an

The three area eommineee, wfth a combined active asu nben h ip af ■ feaat 250 people, have elected mpsaaeatobvea to the Watfern Cape UDPs geaeral coaad .

in people who have been by at lean 400 whtiooaDy engaged in parlnmen- p u b l ic m e e t in g in th epotties, but art beginning to Rondebosch town hall, which,

in noo-radal extra- despite being lafcialy banned, at-tion traded a thousand people. Helenhidude media, Joaeph, Tkevor htonnel and one of

fimdraiang. education and training, the Nyanga fcrfi aqnacers nddreaaed w J a contact to keepp emben informed of octivitie*. #Week)y picket* oo mein roads.

Theae activities have included: Posters covoing a wide range of• A meeting in Obeervaaory attended topics are held.

mmntration to aet sp a creche. The Was Council agreed that Was should have a noo-radal crecbe from 1MJ, which would cater for an Initial 70 children.

These victories art still to be .repeated on the Durban and Pieter- maritzbiui campuses, where creche committees have been set up.

A survey ran by the Organisation Against Sexism in Society (Oasis) at Pietermaritzburg revcakd an argot need for a creche.

At Durban, student! and staff bare been negotiating with admin for <mr a year. Practises of farifcbes have oot been carried out

According to a Wits W< Movement spokesperson, “until such tinae as South African aoivcnibes ea- tabfcsh child core centres, they a l l continue to hmk the opportunities of

-aom en, and those unable to pay far child care, to wort or study.’

NUSAS* FIGHT against the new constitution has given ft a ^wdal place in South African extra- parliamentary pobbcs.

Nusas launched its own campaign a Rhodes and the affiliated cam­puses, which received massive sup­port from the students

Prior to the white referendum 14 000 students signed a Nusas petition, unequivocally rejecting the new con­stitution as cntrenchinng apartheid and excluding the black majority, and for the participation of allSouth Africans in determining a common future.

In response to the referendum results Nusas president Kate F iilip said. *lt is not surprising that m a whites-ooiy referendum, white South Africans should vote for a constitu­tion that entrenches minority rule and white domination

Real change in South Africa wfl] never come from within the ranks of those who currently hold power. Therefore the challenge facing white dem ocrats now is how to ally ourselves most effectively with those forces striving to bufld an undivided South Africa, one whose constitution entrenches the principle of the Freedom Charter that the people shall govern and share in the country's wealth.

T he emergence of the United Democratic Front in this period is historically significant for our future For it is in such unity between all South African democrats. Mack and white, that our hope for the future lies

I t a sobering to realise how entrenched Nationalist support s amongst the white community, and how small anti-apartheid forces are. In that context, the 14 000 une­quivocal *NoY from Nusas take on added significance ’

Nusas is now looking at how best to continue is opposition to the new constitution, carrying on its cam­paign which started with the referen­dum.

The referendum. Nusas believes, was only a rubber stamp for a deci­sion which had already been rushed through parliament

Special caphasb was placed in the petition campaign on the links between the new constitution and other aspects of the government s "reform’ plan. In meetings and pamphlets, they focussed on the entrenchment of the bantustan system, the introduction of *new methods of control' over the African population, and particularly the African working dass.

The campaign chmaxed with UDF rallies on all campuses. The UDF was populsrised throughout

Many fludents were reached Seminars, plays, pamphlets, mass rallies and publications drew in large numbers of people and guaranteed the succca of the petition.

At UCT 30 student organisations united in the Students Agairat the New Constitution (Scanc) organisa­tion. Scanc put out a regular newslet­ter. and has involved its affiliates in an extensive programme of action since early this year.

Gafsha under fire following massacre of five studentsGATSHA BUTHELEZ1, Chief consciousness Araman PeoplesMmatcr of KwaZulu, aod bead of O rfanm jon and Aanian Studentstnktfhs. a facing repeated ca&s to Movement united to denouncelaaifn ai CbanceUor of the Umverety inkatha and Chief Butheiezi for the

Staff mem ben, and tfu-

lo resign, fallowing the of students after dashes

s in k r e r a n o f W students

The rfaahn left five people dead and hundreds of others injured. The university was ctoaed and conflict between Inkathi and other opposi­tion o rgan isations has been heightened

The United Democratic Front. Axaso. the Congress of South African Students and scores of other

including the black

He now has to facc powerful op- pooDon to his role in the campus in­cident and to his plans to incorporate Lamontvflie into his banttotin. as well as increased oppositioo to his rote b ruling KwaZulu.

The campus incident came onfy a week afteT a Johannesburg »ew- apaper published a desperate appeal from students. ‘Keep inkatha off the campus or it could lead to violence,* they said.

They argued that tbefe was a great deal of opposition and tfrong feefcng about him and his orgsnisatioo on the campus and his presence could lead to violence. But Chief Buthekz^ who ■ also rector of the university, was determined to go to campus

1S0ln)u*td.

Mdantsane students to consider new strategyAT A meeting held in E m London n ca tS Mdantsane atudeou felt that tfacr achool boycott, into as fifth mooli, should be called a t It wa felt that dtvmons had been cm ted among the students and that intimidation and violence had resulted at many going ><«<•* to achool It wa« a priority to overcome

d to

Swdcats wanted to enu re that aotod)' was barred from achool next year becam e o f the boycott.

The day before hit arrival Bitdetas

H i * were dtapanad by not poface m i d a p and l a a ^ t .

Accordmg to reports. aD 3 0D0 bad atayed away from rla a ri

According to studeau. Inkatha im­ps armed with abeks, knobkemes and pangas had aneaked onto campus earty on the mornin( of the n il).

The atfllneai of the morning was Watered toy acreams aa the impsao m ed through the Stu­dents aaad.

Students said the impis had

aonned the dormitories. breaking down doon to get to Mmtrai. mrc beating them wahout mercy

People who visited the campus the ■ext day described Hood ■neared over the walk and (b o n of the dor­mitory. smashed doon and windows and signs of desperate struggles

Opposition organisations reacted anmediately In an movenon-racial organisations joined with Black Consciousness organisations in oiling for a day of mourning

The universtt) was then dosed down and exams were delayed tmtil January next year.

------------------- ------- they were notastMied with attendance A final deciaion on the boycott wfll be taken at the next ■Mating. How id daal Bath the problem of people who have aat been M e to write axams wm b e d a .'esa id.Aa idaa bang widely disnaeod a to wage a campaign around a petition, calling on the autboribea to alow atu- deots to rewrite etama catty aext year. The Eaat London branch of COaaa. together arfch the regional cqgaaaer Zukfle Gaavu. released a statement making this call last

Niehaus gets 15 years for treasonpamphlet bomb outaade the SADF recruiting offices b Johannesburg

IN A packed Rand Sopremc court, iegaj precedent .Was student Carl Niehaus and Charges I ' ~ the two i arhnofccacher Janak Lourens. both passsog on information to the ANC, and purporting to an23, were cowvicted of high treason. snrrapring to recruit people for the o rg a n is a t io n k a o t r a aa the

1 to 13 ^ a n ANC and d is trib u tin g ANC Afrikaansr Sasahstc ABanKtogam to 4 ptm aaa a la. kuM m* wribaa and the aupport of Afrikaana apeakmg

South Afrieaaa ior the ANC and the South African Cormnuaiat Party.

of the avidanca « u > t------------ ---------------------------- ja gm x by

>cf a g photographs of the Johanneaborg sactmty pofcee *iy Wsrraot Officer to CkyCoaadraOaa Worts rfter Man- Hubert Whaecroa. a W«s atudent

toe was ^ t y of high aying k as a pnMNr target ft ■ decaaoo Bay serve at a sahnlagi. atu jnp ting to aqiode

shared a house with Niehaus and toid the court how he had 'asaatof htm in v a rio u s a c t iv itie s ia c lu d ia g photographing the gas works and

for

Whaecroaa had also tried to m~ Strale Wio Nuaat orgamsanons, but had met with little success m ha

who tad been rat ra ted by Mvor O a * W Banaon hi I W He had

Jodac forges links with UDF

of atudent leaden.M ahan, an NOK

previously studied a the ____Afrikaanse Unrvervteit. but was aapelled in 1981 for refusing to

for outline ap

THE JO H A N N E S B U R G Jodac took aa active pan a the pa«m aal

laaach. pwbtdty secretary of the UDF. Fr aolidatiag * 1 ■em hership. TheJothc was formed by a tope group of Albert Nohm, head of the Ucnamcan aaaaly white democrats cppoaed to Older a South Africa and Nichaha th e aew constitatioe a ad the Haystan. a paa pevaatrrtt of Naaaa.

la response to the novsrnmcia’a. ne to the government's events in Qakei. the ja )il» a iuna of It decided so ake part a the UDF referendum victory. Jodac staled the KoontoofMle. the place of white

program m e o f a c tio n w hich th a t ‘Oppositioo to the cottsdtntno democrats to toe movement for ntoamaltrl a the People ! Weekend does not cad i a * e end of laa month. hat

the refenadum. change, a d toe a i aUate of toe

m | i a m a . H e a w n m

g en tly b m recruited Mo the ANC Explaining hit apporlfor ANC ao-

totem he aad: t i l l the ta e ad e three 4e th e e io leacc atoich is la- a hutionalio d in South African aocssty, on the o th a ade th en h the kind of violence employed by the ANC The ANC Ime also happens to agree with my Ckratian prmdpkt... I would Bee to thaw a panriU wth Nan Germany where the churchea went akag with the qraem.’

Chving evidence a altigaioa he told "the court to a a X yean, the PFP had been unable to bring about effective change

He and that only cooperation with the Mack majority could laai to

Studr a t are still to decide how the can w* be taken ap. It a tasiiiial they m) . to involve a many students as potoble m the decision. A Cosea exec member estimated that about 60 percent of the atudents have gone back lo achool, but many of them are not wribng exams The call for cxuna to be rewritten not only benefits those atill in detention and on boycott, but also tboee who have nut- aad too natch of the achool arm to write res mi.Poor attendance at the recent furring was partly due to mams. The secoad meeting w« be haU sfter

The boycott started in A ^ast a laartina to the of com-muten by C ake pobce. Studesi dnraW they could aot go to school whie •am parents a n being toot.' Ja

—•' — — —— snsdaats ware prevented free nrganaag Meetings were tone ill.students were detained a huge

they had asad

At one aage police and soldien wen aaovmg through the streets beating ^ i anybody who hxtked of schoolgo- sag age Houses w en searched axl students taken to toe pobce » •» " .

e to wash can. la g a r of the dfficukies, aseetings

and Informal ahanaels of

cEDITORIAL

^NATIONALOrganising a

generationT H E r U T U M wkh toa yetoh.

M e n m i ■ l i t e m f t to * to « ?ia • cra«t k h tn t. W* v* Ikt p a tn th a

a— r toe isap » ■ * « * ■» afw artlagte■ pport « n * «»■— - ■ - A e t a c a t e a * d to toae ; f t ■ a t r - ’- '

political a d M dal Hfe a f aa r u l n

»: i

>V

N e e a t f a r a d ? (a r r a W araaB y) — dates to to p - t o m i W taeK e aad ■ •to ta ls to r ecedeaak, f a f t U « d - d a l ra t*

T h h lack a f a w a ia a * . fc aaa m , b a a t aaly h r « ^ e e * i ; — It h poattiveiy

la a aaetaty M e a a n , i f a a i r . p e d a la a d p A » m b ceacaatratod la tor haato a f a a a l M ) ; a a d k a jt

ary m i c— aat * p ttc a tia a a f fart* . we

B we do aat aak aam haa toat'eM tiea, t e a we act faaa (to■ywmy.

g w f c H U k f r t w . w c M w l y w H i t w t w ^ : akher «T dadde a t a n wHtog la a n f l toe way e v

r aarkt, ar a t a n art.

A question of time■ we decide aa« la a o f « k , thee we mm deddr whither a t

art aaly goiag to rafact k to prtodpte, ar V m a n fa ta l ta *»-------| (boat k b p a c tk * .

New, the patot b toat a t , Ike yotoh f t Setoh Africa, a re a a i- ksg parstioaa P k a t j af them. W . a r t looktog la a | a d hard at I k way a w society b a tia e tv rd aad how k w a rt* W t a r t

[ the rak tkat aaeirty expects aa to ptoy.la a ^ i r k af cayaky m i tap ta ra tloa w t a r t csaatoaa tades m i k tU tf. a f a w pareats m i M eads, m e

th esl-

T kb b partly hccaase a t a n yaaa|. Yaath tke warid n t tewds lo be morr critical m i crmttrr than t W i parears' |ta tra - tto a -h ka» iM i lk b , to dewtththe fact tkat a t d a a a I k a j t te aaaw r a to a a fc U le af harto* to pay tato, kay fm i m i eftothea, a ^ all the ether aeeeaettin af Hfe.

I t kaa a b a to 4a wkk toe fact to a t « t a re adB I n * m i ■ n a .f l i Tbi It------- ---------------

Learning from history■ a t k also kaa lata to 4a wkk a v a m Watery. toe rt aa It Is.

M eat a i ■ w trt a t a * aa l, a r a f w k a ek ie to l aee, * * i toe v -ib t o f i a f W7* a « i toe kaytaCta a f m « . M a«y ka*t aaia fH iato■ w M . 1- ttoae ttoaaa. O thers k a rt heea a v e r t e d to tkeM M a f deteattoa wkkaaI trial, aatkary caaf t o e t * m i tor* t a n . O tk e fi her* b f t toe taaatry . T ea m a y t a n arflered far k a a t ta k a« t b f t a tear.

It taa«kt m e a se ta ito taaaaaa akaat life la paeral aad aheat Seatk Africa b parttariar. Aa< k ton at a a t caactotoaai tat) a * BeU a f tbiaa. N a-riy. that toe taaa tb a ta ck n te< . aatf tkat c h a p kaa to p i r%kt ta toe h a ta a t to ib r f tob ticb aa a n te s .

T k a t b ear m p eaa to k k y a a tta yaaag p eepk r f to ta y a ^ * «a W b a f taaurTaa. k ' l aartk n a a t a k g tooafk, toat a aa ) Btattatbaa t a n art aat to ckaap Ike aacU ata t a n dtker l a M ar ahca ap. If a t to* to a i m t k b rital toat « t ap­preciate wtat they a l l t f it* aad a tk b n 4 , m i atart toey faked.

O a r taak b « m * y b ( to t a a a x a i ty . It b ( e ta f to 4 m m i n n b r i r a a ta d ta b lb e a a a a t pa rt; a « b « r a a l a ia to a» «f mm r i ta a tb a — w tat b * « a a | wkk k a t a taw k toaaM ta tt a ^ e J . m i w ta t u p ta a tlea Wt m tti to krto« a ta to tta ee

cA2A ■ CJSASPU NATIONAL 4

The campaign t

ADM ISSIONS c rite ria to the Eiybab-bafuafc im hnwuci a n to be m o d is 19*4.

M arie nauln win aow have to be b (iier toao m toe paa b order to gam entrance to the uancnk ia .

The adm aatratkaa at toe anivcr- aitiei of Cape Tows, M o d e l. Durban, ftetermaritibur* and W n daun toa a ar r rmmry to mop the high growth in toe aumhen of «u- deou «en n the paat few yean

« r» l«m and academici. however, argue that tha wiD automaticaDy da- criminate against bbek atudenu wanur^ to enter aniveniuet The> point out that the Bantu Education ivnerr.. with in aiailrniialf teaching facilitie*. overcrowded daaroonu. nod eevert lack of teachen eniurea lower aielnc eytnbob are achieved b) black mathculanu

By taiaog the atandard of malric resuki needed to get into unrvcm:> the administratioos will be du- cnmmaunf againB Macki and will reinforce the eirxjiulnin in South Africa

It ■ a id that the umveniues wil be davctty nhdur tatg apartheid

t BU11 aucceeeful — toe MM araa d ro p p ed Hoar ITa being aneektol bto ra u ^ i toe hack door.

Quota Bill is stopped... but sneaks back

policy to the Quota Act, paved by parliament earlier tha Tear. The Act was aimed at setting etrict quotas for the numbers of Mack <udmts admitted

to *whitc' umverauesAfter fierce oppovbon from Num.

academic orfanaatxxu and tome ad­ministrators. the Minister of Educa­tion. Gernt Vijoen. decided a rt to implement the Act. Explaining ha decision Vtfjoen laid that, after ootv suhing with university pnnapais. he was satisfied future university admis­sions policies would coincide with the desires of ha government

Academics at the recent University Teachers Association of South Africa (Utasa) conference in Rhodes con­demned this as blatant collabontiioc between the unrvcrnties and the government. They said the ad­ministrations. to avoid the embarrass­ment of implementing the official Quota Act, had agreed to a*abhsh their own unofficial quota by raising

Ttet all the Enghsh language un­iversities intend to implement this policy at the same time, has only reinforced this opinion. The ad­ministrations themselves have been vague about the possible dacnmms' tion that would arac out of their dc» policy.

Research recently completed by Wits academics suggested there would be anpbeationt if the policy was appbed in I9C3, over two-thirds of the Hack students registered for Bachelor of Arts courses would have been rejected

They conclude that, by applying the discriminatory pobcy of raised entrance criteria, the university ad- ministratxxa will be applying the Quota Act in another form.

Pressed year for Saspu19*3 HAS beta a Bonny year for rf- fiKtea of toe Sotth African Student!

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R A T E S (tor ton copiea)

Students J »

P ro fe ss io n a ls In s titu tio n s

.—e- ’ C i

S o u tti Africa:

R 10 .00 -• * 2 0 .0 0

1 ^ -todaOO

toSnpuhavc authontiet

Rhodes Unrvcr the Uaivenity of hath fbroed to

hy the ad- aatrol what they

. . - — -

Attempted to «rt a a ' ------------- J ---------

miiire' to « reeo Bhodeo before it went to print. The awve. which would effectively have been ■ censor board. wa> toopped after Rhodeo aad toe Bhndw BBC mourned a

sysaassr

toy were aentcnced in a wrveroty court for 'dwobeying the priocipart orden and lor unethical behaviour'.

This extreroe action wai taken after Vanity published the text of a gueet lecture by Dr f k t Koorahof, Minister of C ooperation aad Developmenu on the comtitutiooal propaaals.

The lecture to the conservative Political Studies Department was rearicted to the press, but Vaftoy Ig­nored the ban and published the coo- tents of the lecture to npoae «tu- denti to iu contents' Students mobihsed against what was aeen aa an snack on the student press. Over 50 student new^iapen. faculty coun­cils and student societies expressed contempt at adrr.ir'i handling of the

Despite the repression, the student press has expanded on the cattquses with many types of pubiicsnoni aimed at different audiences qxatg- « g “P

In addition to the main campus new spapers — Wits S tudent. Rhodeo. Vanity. Dome, Nux (Pieter marazburg) — arc nutnerous facuhy pubbcationi — Pulse (Medicioe). Ongmscsence (Scsence), Ascent aad A r t ic h o k e (A r t s ) , D e d u c t (EihscaDon}. Piyehe (Psychotogy). to n s Rde (Law). Mould (Archaec-

Afl a n anitcd by their ton to promote progressive ideas aad educate Madents about the way thdr ttocylinr a id mteresu relate to the South African reality..

Sa^iu president Annette Onessei •ays the audent papen have played a crucial rate ai hewing develop stu­dent organisation, populahsiag progressive ideas sod campaigns, and

They have been an important part e f some of the major campaigns on the camptaes tha year. The press has done important wort against the Koornhof Bills, the constitution and the Quota Bill, and in pcpularaing the United Democratic Front. Niiisi activities snd the various campaign of the SRCV says GneaseL

The student press has also given more ovdcpth coverage and to issues ignored by the freaa aad the government ■ die banning of the South Allied Wsrken Union, the < the Oakei. KTC portant tones such aa objection. U r a rat sphere ef education, the Mack campuses, local suet, repression aad the Democrtoc Front.

‘We move into our aaaaal

analyssimercial

African

ideological ckallcagc from the government We are posag to have a hit ef work la balding a said ptm

■ a n a a f working la to e prsaast ■iniah ■! d ^ a e '

o oPOLITICAL COMMENT c M m

SASPU NATIONAL 5

t 76 uprising — raalartad the fight again*! divided and

1 HE UNITED Democrat* Front has bunt into the South African political a m o k , capturing the imagaiation of hundred of lliiw n rii of South Africans As UUF a not an organisation, its power depends on the ttrenglh of its affiiaiet.

A — fro u p u f within the UDF is the student movement which ■ w rf represented by the Congress cf South African Stu­dents. the National Union of South African Students and the Azaman Students Organnenon

These organaabons are devoted to ttruggling for a a o s iwcaL unitary and democratic South Africa, which are also the aims of the UDF. It ■ on n |s iisam n s such as these that the UDF, depends Their abitty to tran ln r the UDFs programme into effective action hi then cosfaihm csct w i «i the sod, be eaessbal to the development of the UDF.

The student movement has, over the pan few years, proved thu abttty L ke the UDF, the saesm of the thadent lions ***[** on the of t a r riHluteitscspatitjn of their memberfaip

TVe nrgtnisainn of «ude«s, as hasniq>lydevekipos*rfoesssiooalnobiialaoointa*>otnetc---- .1—i — b th . lupn— needs to be a tocatad mtoactivity th a is ongosng sod programtnarive

Without Uds. aebvky cannot be attained, dejrti of isai does a d devdop. aU k are not paaed on. And, with the u ni ^ f r f A s ■ s fcsfre of the student movement,

and ap facing <hsn

t importaau fa basis h a in an imderaandmg of why m - lenti om m ae.The school atadcafs of 17% sad 19(0 dtarty n w that dvidad

ad w q a r f educaboa a South Africa is dsagaed to adafcrce nd - • - the drvtaoos and ■ aquahtiw of our neatly.

Furthermore, through what it aught and what it at*, the thscaboc system tries to ta g ta a a the apartheid tyacm in the lya of Sudanis. They are taugkt that ttfeaka

t * o grands people with ths loots to quee- taugltt- The aducati '

penance m their da*y bvta k so wide.k k * fa a petal where atudMs reject ths arm s r f f a n

adacaboa. th a Ike tffs m a n ta of rduratinri at a mean cr control htaaka d m It ■ here thtt the potattid to h i d sad

tface value SouthAfncs'l problemsaesseentiellyd lace adatuna'. of srhate domination and opprm on of thehtoch m^ority. B utespteiingS«th A fricam hce^stae‘

M. Scratc* B e sunace a ------ ^wfl reveal a complex syaem of w d n a sad toward! the < a l product** of ncdth far a

Wealth m H I drough w w ajjstha ~

kept a a of the hands of the M m who y f * * ^ ! ■ a tp«3s s f Be are h d « ’fa n lull i ff, h a t faa l a *

dvsaon cna ntsar to a h . ‘Rrftnnt1fa s n k a n o fa a rM c lo a p a f th a d -k

Apartheid’s education is just another crack in the wall, but the students are aiming at its foundation

unequal education.A brief look at struggles in education this year sbowi an in­

creased level of coofbct and confrontation between students and the authorities

Rises educstion it unable to act a t a mechanam cf arict con­trol through coneenUnstead k hat to resort to repmave methods at a time when the rules are supposedly to anemphasis on co-optrvc methods.

The banning of the SRC a UDW is the most obvious exam­ple of this. Other confrontations include the boycotts at Medunss. Fort Hare, Mongasutho Training College, Mount vie* in Cape Town, the sport boycotts in many schools in Soweto, the solidarity boycotts in the Cnkei tchook, and the murders at Ngoye.

Tha identification of struggle in the education sphere potes the question of whether or not tha organic and tometimet spontaneous opposition to the education tyaeffi a b u g chan­neled into organiaation.

A further question a whether student organisation hat kt fingers on the pulse of ks constituencies, providing the mp—* and direction needed in crint tkuarire* Tint a an important challenge for neat year.

k h not too dWkuk to see that radan a an alaaH keeps fait saae of t f f a n gosqg R ada laws are Bed to farce peopte to accept tha system, and are backed ap by the pofcee and fae a n y . It a a measa of political domination of the mmcray which ownt the wealth, over fae majority which

odety depends on the education system to feed the required proportions of profcasonal. nuked and unaUled laboar into the eoononty Brrsinr of fait, breakdown at the eduraion system has ripple effects throughout society These

fasch a breakdown can " tW r he a rank of the aduraion •yaeta s iaatigay to meet students dsn a a ih and expectations and kgkaaiK the tyatem in their eyea, or coaid be a reauk of a lack ef adequate tramtng facditses

fat South Africa today, the crins in education axitts for both

tvar trace 1976. the educm n system hat been repeated^ rupured by student anger a eondiboat in education, and by faetaakaky of the authorities to asset even their faort term de­

le terms of the new adoption strategy, an obvious target k aaHetfay audcnu Already these have been moves to ^*mde fae aivcratiet of Durban-WeatvSc and Western Cape with fae faehstson of their principals on the formerly whktMnly Otnatittee of unrvettsty pemppah.

Osat^, fae Mate a trying to cement together the aeckt in thej adBce. But the proportsons of fae crisa are n c h that

' tokaions otdy scratch the surface ■ore, students have Ua itKad the pa

• ■ a a rf faar grievaacea. They are danandag po fafatfaathepownmi,, . ra^ k gm»<ds aWdafaa r f fa* M a g syacm.

Thsaashsa ofScnah A fn em aa^asen trfa■ d d na l in i .u peorideaahaasfadeaaagw)

fawiasoa to broader p d H W a d *

T —Ia he tnsi^or challenge for Hg4 revolves around fae reform insistrves Firstly, their a ttcn^a to coopt coloureds and Indian students to cause dmsjor with African studena win demand sophiaticated response, and snphanmrel atalysu of the reform process wfl! be needed.

At the tame time, audents srill be p a t of the UDFs cam­paigns wound broader aspects of the trfonn process. I s r a a r of our time, resource*, pi i tia i pnasr , skfa and anjahans

ictar wkhat UDFOne can^taign arhtch has particular potaatial far buikhng an-

ky between Cotat, Nusat, Axaac a id the youth k fae kmc cf conscrptxxi. which h dearly oa the agenda for coloureds and

Unity in the student movement a another Important goal far 1M4. Joint p a tidpa ioo hi UDF can, m i akeady hat hdhated this, but k h important to eapharia th a the b a n far

A1 three g nu^ t are chakenglag the overal educational role m reproduction of fae system of racial "■p**1" " ' They are ***ll*"g*T the anti-democratic structure* of fae odnraion system, th a divide students a p s i s their wffl.

Cnsat. A n n assd Nusas have common princy l a th a go beyond those of fae UDF, a t a broad bunt of isgsissnims soanctimes have differing tadkmki, but are unkad against a common enemy far fae purpose of a paticular campaign. Par­ticipation in UDF faotild not leanpea the ttudctks' ta trtioa of

D three organisationa are committed to the Freedom Charter, to non-racialism and democracy in a-unitary South Africa. Further than thk. they share a common analytn of con­flict in South Africa which h teen a class conflict, characterised a racial capkalam. This analysa provides the framewori within which Coaas. Ataso and N ina ntuate themselves and get direction.

AD three orgsnaatmns have faced aane level of attack from the stale because dearly the student movement conathaa n obetadc to overcoaniag the crais in eduration. eaponag a k aloes the rok cd uratirm a geared to play.

Non-raaalam undermines the very hatn of lakatha's s ttek organaatioo while the Freedom Charter’s rtrmanrta go baysad the kind of change Buthdes caUt far. Black con­sciousness groups, identifying conflict in South Africa in radsl terms have aho atacked ttudent m aiinatsna and assd db- nptive tactics, ss was seen a d y n e Thnana and Mr dunes

So a final chalkt«e for 19M k to overcome thaae ob ttada bystrengthening the organised ttudeak haae. taking V appropriate to Ike different aecton of fae atadtat and to forge unity a a fae hash of

o cs t u d e n t HISTORY.

AS I ^ E Mas r fj i l i i m i oa • cdd^lo*<®

June b o k could tav t an-

M m Nor could any have tatBeerike mart that day J » » I* .» » T ” “ t m a f c «■*>« ^ * *°"t tAfrica.

H e f»— of the South Afritaa t o ­t a l Movement Achce ““ for June 16 was a Students would meetB

* ( , points in Soweto. and minute interv^s 10 «hc Ortando

Sodium There «udent leaden would a*v4rrA» them ir. • mao dcn>ooitr«l>on n m n Bantu Education in general, n d the forced uae of Afrikaans ■* a medium of imu wooo in perocuh^ The demonstration was to he peaceful and following acbvw s hid »ot yet

THE STORY OF AN UPRISING

The Budems never reached the ■tadium On route they "ere coo- fronted by an arc of heavily armed nobcemer who fired leargas ai an at­tempt to disperse them Thtj » « ‘em* Bood firm, and police opened fae-ha-

n least four suidents win theirfin: rounds . .

Almost immediately Budeno pscked

Ik , whatever they could lay their hands£ _aucks, rocas and books — andbegan throwing their, at the police.Within minutes, a peaceful demonBra- finw had turned into a oot

As news of the Aootmgs ■***•“ through Soweto, students look to the ■nets in anger. Any symbol of Bale control or oppression no» target Buildings and vehicles of the W ot Rand Administralioti Board (WRAB) were attacked. a» were beerhalh and bookstores Barricades were ae> up on the main mad. lo pre­vent police from entering the township When wortcn returned from work that evening *ey found Soweto in a Bate r f chaos. w*h at lean X buildings Bil bummg

The militance of Soweto Budems on June I* far exceeded tbe cngmal ptara c f tbe South African Studenu Move- ■cat (SASM) IsBdenhip Bui the es- M t of the anger came ai ao real wr- prae From the begjmng rf I9T6 B»-

(xad launched aaenesof noycrtis • f lectures and. evenuia*' o a n . in protea MainB the uae of Afrikaans It was the shootings of that fir* day. however, that turned this anger n»o a moodof outright coeftt**Mioo. ABu- deni a t the time commented:!

. rem em ber one young girl fro*" 1 Bnckvfle She was actually bleeding w frmn her carv her mouth and even her

II w » a tertWe aght No*. F «type of violence. defimBly « <*oo

iraurform one. It m a te one a b t t harder This is the violeace of SoKh Africa. .

The morning of June M »w fighting raging throughout Soweto. As humheds of armed pofcc aBered the

central Johannesburg and were lacked by white vigilantes

In the beginning- three groupngs emerged to occupy the potokal Bage At the head was dearty the SASM Ac­m e Committee with two repreaen- tauves from each Soweto school Wah ■he Bogan Don't Mourn — Mobilize, the committee co-ordinated events in Soweto and. in many senscv provided Ifcc anpuaiion far tbe country as a

o e a r re d w ith youths barricades By boob. Baragwanath

began boiaag Bpmed people •way because it bad ™ ched *» cm c ay . At the mme tn c the WRAB C ha*P «°« . M« «p re s conference to announced* rm-

throughout the Transvaal to the Orange Free Suie and Natal De­mands of atuderts lif ted from thB of Afrikaans, lo A t u*hdrawal of the

from the Bsworfspa, and thee of the h u -lm * «fd aow been ans-ad. Schools s a focus erf BtcMicr and were

____d by Budenu m many wwateipe.I the initvl protest began to iB im t

o f \ — o - i « u d e - andyouth uprising

l a s not loag befae wivenBy » - d e n i laaiitmrtrtl to the w in _ ® raaHtance On the Scxh African Siu-h m OrganttBxm tSASO)a n a l ) Ngoye. Tafloop, Fo«l H y and Lhgban MaAcri School, achdanty

It became dear thal the African National Congre* « » ,m' portant interna) role Pamphlets en- oDur ^ ing unity amoogsi tfudents and jrofkera. and commemmorating Freedom Day on June 26. were widely circulated amongst demoostraling Bu- deou Thirdly, the Black Parents A»- aociation was form ed. Led by lespected figures in the black com- euiraty, it emerged as the voice of Soweto parents and played an impor­tant role m supporting the Budenti. particular!) in taking care of funeral arrangements

By t b e end of July it was clear to Bu- dent leaders in Soweto thal. if they were to maintain the tempo of sctivay, they seeded a far nghter leadership soup thal could lead, rather than ■npty'' coordinate N<a only had the

police begun So detain the SASM leaden, but the staggered reopening of Soweto schools was dearly planned to prevent a united Budeffi response

On Aufufl 1. Tssetii Mashinmi an­nounced far the formation of tbe Soweto Students RepreienUtive Council (SSRC) and called for two representatives from each Soweto school to attend a meeting the follow’ ■w day Maalnnini emerged as the first president of tbe SSRC the body winch was to provide the leadership of Soweto Budenti, and al bmes tbe com­munity as a whole foi the following 14

Augua * *■> tel at tbe dale for the SSRCt fira rfTenawe S a weeks of ac- tivit> bad taught the student leaders ibaiV they were to have a re^j impact. Budents could aot continue their emgglc done, ao they planned to coin­cide a iMssive student march from Soweto to the certre of Johannesburg.

for the release of detainees, wilh a caB for a worker suy-away on that day

The fira of tbe three worker suy- aways of the period was largely succes­sful. Although Budents bad to resort to eatensive pickets, and even th e a b o t ^ of the loweto m lin j hne to orevent wnthew «o work.

the events of the uprising had created considerable sympathy for the Bu­dents, amongst the broader com­munity. Tbe suy-away lasted for a full three days and although it was uneven and tapered off towards the end, up to TO?; of workers did not go to wort in the Johannesburg and Pretoria areas

The student attempts lo march lo Johannesburg ended in bloodshed For three successive days, students gathered in different parts of Soweto and set off for Johannesburg Each time they were confronted with police irho opened fire and dispersed them. The anger that this created was enor­mous Soweto residents once again manned barricades lo keep the police out of the townships as the homes of b lack security policem en and ‘collaborators' were s a alight. The news thal similar confrontations bad broken out in other pans of the country, particularly the jaeviously relatively calm ares of Cape Town, further strengthened their resolve and

. Towards the end of August, SSRC and ANC pamphlets began circulating in Soweto calling for a second worker stay awav. The pamphlets called on parents and workers to * o » solidarity with the youth and were initally met

■ I i - and Durbar\ sr-

I^ T ^ e p ^ Whfc the

e * * «

with a favourable response September 23, an a « P t*ona^ _ - - pcrccnuge of worten m the Johan nesburg and surrounding areas (hd ad pport for work A day later, howevt* Soweto was reduced to Woody frontaucm This time, however, confrontation was aot police, but between the ftemaetvcs

Tbe ‘Mnmhlope Hostel Lnbdefl mas a brutal illustration of the police abiity to manipulate the madequaoc ip the students'-attitude towards tfc workers of Soweto. After a smaD firci the Hostel inmates emerged sbeki and — and went on a page of violence and destructic through the streets of Soweto police looked on passively, the *1 aassacred Soweto residents, as was seen as a direct aasauh sg tmst tk ongoing worker stay-away.

Prof. Morobc. an SSRC leader d d time, recalls thal the lack of *roi worker organisation put restrictions« m. The whole thing might have beea genuine mistake on our pan t*can» we concentrated on people ip townships with children at school These school children could late pamphlets to their parents But cannot exonnerate the hostel nmsass completely. They must have about the suy away On the day. adentally. 1 passed by Mnmhlope my way to an SRC meeting I group of these inmates landing There was one policeman who h P dim bed on top of a van He had]* loudspeaker and was addressmg thc^ But our problems were a bit rem from them and our orgarusanon a> ttP respect was inadequate'

Although the worker suy-away c0» tinued wito its third day. so Ad violence of the Hostel dwdlers. k s s only s full week later ths:

y. c o r

3

cASASPU NATIONAL___ 7

the

flay<f«iY SSRC Tmexx Mashuuni fled lo The phenomenal speed at

he had emerged as hath a

Night with *and an eventual

te n Within a day of las the SSRC announced thai

KJtotso Scalholo would and

Soweto's schools The month of September m many

■eases aw the peak Of the national up- r i u | The third worker May away , which began on the 13th. was the mo* successful thus far. With the dogan •Worker Power and People's Power' no intimidation was required to secure the support of between 75 and 9T/m ®f Johannesburg's black workers. The «ay away atoo extended well beyond Johannesburg, the most significant ad­dition being the massive two day May­away of both African and cokweed workers in Cape Town

The month of September abo aaw continuing

History.throughout the country Under the ^ ngam "Equai Education for AD' and ‘We want our R obben Island pnaoncn Cape Town students held

jdemooMrauons m the very centre of G ^ e Town, at which scores of people

when police opened fire. Ekzabeth dashes between

and police reached a fierce level In Soweto.

resist, b o w ck»- of Dr Kjsaqger

to stage a demonMra- 100 very hean of whae Johani r i b m *

As <* t r * y p tuached. Mu-

momentum they had achieved. The SSRC called for a pehod of mourning for those who had died during the up­rising. which was to last until the end of the year The pehod of mourning was characterised by a senes of calls, in­cluding a curtailment of Christmas celebrations, a vigorous campaign again?, alcoholism and particularly shebeens, and a boycott of ‘white’ shops Although these calls were fairly successful, they did no: necessarily make the SSRC popular Whilst the unity of the black community was high, they often served to worsen the already heavy burden under which people lived

The sensitivity of the SSRCs posi­tion in the community was best il­lustrated by the call for a five day stay- away in October While the previous May a ways had been succesful. this over ambnious call was almost totally ignored by working people. Students had begun to recognize the power that workers can wield, but had not yet ap­preciated the extent to which workers are primarily concerned with securing their own survival, and will not automatically thro* their actual weight behind politic*] campaigns

At the same time fludents had begun to explore more militant avenues. A grouping calling itself the ‘Destruction Committee' was established, and begar to engage in acts of sabotage Besides explosions at railway lines and burning of shebeens, the most dramatic act was the large explosion at the Jabulam Police Station in Soweto. It was at this time, that many Mudents abo began leaving South Africa to join the military arm of the ANC On 16 December, traditionally known as ‘Heroes Day’, a pamphlet was released by the ANC praising the youth and calling on them to join the ranks of Umkbonto We Sirwe

As the year dosed, prime minister Vomer said of the events around the country The storm has not struck yet. We are only experiencing the whirlwinds that go before it’. In this light, the police continued their cam­paigns of mass arrests, detentions, and violently contesting demonstrations In total. 21 537 people were prosecuted for events relating to the uprising in the year following June 16. In this same period, a number of people died in detention cells, including SASO ex­ecutive members Mapetla Mohapi and Steve Biko.

The beginning of 1977 was not an easy time for the SSRC. The exams that students had boycotted the previous year had been deferred to February and a major debate broke out as t<j whether Mudents should return to school and write exams or not. In mid- January Khotsc Seat hole was shot by police in a car chase and slipped across the border into exile. The SSRC immediately elected Daniel Sechabs Montsitsi as its new president

In April the West Rand Admmi*ra­tion Board (WRAB) announced steep rent increases for Soweto, in some places of as much as 80“, The SSRC grabbed the opportunity to take up an ■sue that affected the community M large, rather than supply their educa­tion A massive march was held on April 27 and. although they were con­fronted by the police, no-one was shot and a turned out to be the first vinieooe-free march in the SSRCs JmMot). The march abo produced m uh i. in that W Rab suspended the rent increases md, jr. to doing, pro­

jected the SSRCs image and support ^<gh it the eyes of the

In May. the SSRC continued ib of­fensive by calling on the members of the Soweto Urban Bantu Council (UBC) to resign Although they initial­ly refused to do so. when the two SSRC members who had come to meet with them were detained at the council chambers, popular pressure left them little option Most council members soon resigned and on June 3 the UBC collapsed Montsttsi himself then called on Soweto residents to re­ject government instituted bodies and form a representative body. The Soweto Committee of Ten emerged to play this role.

The credibility and support of S ow eto 's s tu d en t leaders was aomething the South African Mate would not endure On June 10.21 peo­ple were arrested, including Montsitsi Once again, the SSRC did not delay in appointing one of the two remaining Executive members, Trotoma Somo. as its new leader. The spirit of'unity among the Mudents was evidenced by the speed of Soroo's appointment

The SSRC set aside the week of June 13 — 19 as a period of mourning Despite attempts al disruption by the police, comme mm oration services were held in various parts of the country.

The final action of the SSRC revolved around exactly the same issue that 14 months earlier, had sparked off the uprising : Bantu Education Iden­tifying the achoolboard as the real 'collaborators' in the system, Somo is­sued a statement calling on them to resign Although they initially resiMed the call Mudent pressure eventually won the day and. nearly all the Soweto school boards collapsed As a show of solidarity with the Mudents in their ofv position to Apartheid, teachers abo began to resign from their posts By September of that year. 600 such teachers had resigned.

On October 19. 1977. thestMe finally damped down on the organisations that had dominated politics dunng the I970*s The Sow eto Students Representative Council (SSRC). South African Students Organisation (SASO) and the South African Students Move­ment (SASM) were amongst the organisations banned on that day.

lh e youth and student uprising of 1976 and 1977 represents a beacon of courage and energy to many While it did not fundamentally alter the Bantu Education system, the overall effects and repercussions of the uprising con­tinue to be feh in almost every sphere of Mruggle today. Not only did it pre­sent the Mate with the first significant political crisis it had faced in dose on 15 years, but it engendered South Africa's people with a sense of con­fidence and inspiration that has remained to the present day.

Many people tend to look back at the upnsing as the heyday of the Black Consciousness ideological position Dan Montsitsi. probably the most ef­fective and respected of the the SSRC leaders, says of the penod : ‘You would find ad shades of opinion in the SSRC. lhe point was at that Mage the issue? were an affront to all irrespective of w hether you were Black Con­sciousness or not. Thai enabled us to work together But as time went on. we were aware of the different trends, when the contradictions between B.C. and progressives intensified. But progressive Mudents were there in the SSRC -— it was only a question of profile'.. • *. .■

THE AZAN1AN Students' Organaa- Uod m Bcm three jc tn oU It

rcomc many dtfficuXies ei e. the box •evert af which

1983 has been i j e « r r f p w lk and ■ year of kaaons Coonhnuor and communication U l* u n the cun-

1 Stormy year for lAzaso campusesmo

T he im portance of strong n»|siaeamaal structures has been

h ^ h u d by the onslaught or the lent m owneat fcwn bah unrver-

■tv « ta i m i io t md fre Bate.SASMJ NATIONAL looks ■ the

■ a r r a s ct A n n branches durng 19*3

W ESTVILLEUDW hat alwayi beer u acme impus aad has dose modi to buid e atudent m otm trn The interne

Irvd ef icpresakm from both the ad- ■nd the stsae has made

m a n n i n difficult. yet Azaso has■ nagrri to growThe eatae student bod; ■ UDW a lEbaud to Azaao through their

SRC m i activity on the campus has■r . In

National Women'i da). focussing or women's strugpes nncc the l9OTa

Other asues ai medical school focused on the bgh failure rate in all classes and the expulsion of a ■umber ef second year audenls

NGOYE

Butbetezfs rep me burned both Azaao and Cosss following dacusaon in the Kwa Zulu I rgislstive As­sembly Despae having no freedom to organize and being forced to work aecretly. Anao has managed to aiaintain a strong presence on

TU R FLO O P

1933 has been a good year for Turfloop and Azaao has been con­siderably strengthened on the campus. Tberc has been a positive shift from protest politics to solid

around educational ■-

Through concerted and dedicated a c tio n A zaso m em bers have managed to build the student move­ment on this campus

Foftowing the expulsion of six stu­dents eariy in the year, a sit-in strike was orgarased for March 10 The protest was successful and the stu­dents w e reinstated.

Service Uak, students have befun Blaring a major role in the com-

A few months later students were the victims of police violence when, after the June 16 commemoration, they were beaten up in the hostels for carry ing p lacards and singing

th e c o as titn tio aa l p roposals, ^ p e v f c day. isae M and the

so save the sa Afncan N a tio aa l Congress guerillas sentenced to death The major puhbcm ion on the campus ’Cnuque . fe tire ri audent news as well as »- depth ancka

Dwing the latter part of the year, how ever. a t the peak o f the SRC/>

After

Azaao waa banned for being a

Students have also continued the struggle for democratic representa­tion through snorts groups

Early in the year activities were hdd around the ano- constitutional proposals campaigns. Sharpeville Day and June It In addition a food boycott was nganwed and seminars •ere held oa major political and a boycott was successfully

issue*.Last month sa* the invasion of the

campus by Buthelen’s bnpts which resulted in the daughter cf five au- dents and the injury r f hundreds others. The incident followed protests by students the day before Buthdezi was to address a meeting o r the campus

This horrific event has been con­dem ned aationally and s ta f f members and student organisations have called for ButhdezTs reaigna-

' of the Unrveraity.

Studers activity during the second ta lf of the year included an October 19 commemoration and UDF ralbes

The admmistralion then doaed : SRC slier ar r aang i «f

:>kof the SRC

MED SCH OO LO urag 1983 Medical School

leached a level ef political a a n ty

* e S a o « Q i o f m .

FORT HARE

The Fort Hare Azaso branch, although having always been strong and active, has faced a history of

id was this year effec­tively banned by the Sebe regime

Whie being forced to operate off- campus the branch has nevertheless found ways to continue fighting for democratic student representation

A major tfay-away was successfully organaed after 22 students were arrested and 14 charged with dia- ruptmg the peace during the save the

fike thesave the ANC six

bath of the Alan19%)Taylor

Other activities organised both on campus and in the nearby townships included, for example, a com ­memorative ecrvice for National Woman's Day in August

The six year old Black Students' Society/Azaso Branch at Was has been particularly active during 1983. In addition to commemorating hiatorical events such as Sharpeville Day aad June 16. there have been seminars and meetings around pofctical issues in general and focuss­ing o r the United Democratic Front in particular.

Conflict arose during the year between progressive students and the right wing Student's M oderate Alliance

The BSS ejections were hotly con­tested by Azaao on the one band the A zaa ian S tu d en ts M ovem ent (Azasm ) on the o ther. Azaso achieved a land#ide victory after Azaam withdrew

Azaao has bad strong leadenhtp and following on the campus this year. Azaao organised a wide range of activities, from the commemora­tion of tustonc days to more low

profile seminars on the campus A lot of energy has also gone into

encouraging students to participate in community organisations

The SRC has an overwhelming jority of Azaso members. Consulta­tion with the student body is un­derway to decide the manner which the campus should affiliate to Azaso

M ED U N SAIntense repression by the Medunaa

administration has forced the Azaao branch to operate from off-campus, yet a number of successful meetings and campaigns have been organised.

Two student leaders, Paul Sefutaro and Confidence Moloko, were suspended, but later reinstated following a boycott by the student body. The university authorities failed to substantiate all they had intimidated first year stu­dents

During March a food boycott was organised on campus in protest againa the low standard of food served to students.

Another boycott a this time of extra-mural activity — after the administration chose to radically aher the Medical Students' Council constitution.

An Azaso branch has recently been formed on this campus to represent Mack students, articulate their de­mands and organise on their behalf.

Much Azaso activity this year has revolved around the UDF and the Education Charter.

R H O D ESAzaao has branches at many other

universities, such as Rhodes. Pieter- maritzberg and D urban, and colleges, such as Mongasuthu and Mabopane Technikom It is in the process of setting up branches at a number of other educational iarti' lions

According to Tiejo Moaeneke. Azaso presaient. Azaso a optimistic about the coming year It has. be aaid. a sound base to wort from, but most wort win go into consolidating the organisation

N usas1 in strong \ position i for 1984 ;FOR NUSAS 19*31 of referenda

The union not only actively fougfc against the new constitution, ta t also foaght referendum campaigns Rhodes Univenity and the Unrverst^ of Natal. Pietermartzburg

lh e organisation ends as 60th year ■ranger than ever, despite increasing socks from the right.

Suiting in February aeonalh datributed ‘Campus News" h a s and its constituent SRCs haw faced a aeries of smear pamphlets. ■ wefi as other unpleaaant aicsdeat such ss slashed tyres and penooal ia-

A aeady stream of rights propaganda has been datributed ■ an attempt to convince students thtf Nusas is not representing their m-

Nusas has broken new ground tha year at building student govcromea through the National Faculty Coua-. d Conference (

k has also challenged white an- to participate in the national

Don-racial movement for democratic change through support for the UDF.

Students have re^xmded well das challenge This has come out the eitenaivc support for the

English campuses voted for a jority of Nuns

At Rhodes, where

firmed support for Nusas by the leaders of the

the SRC pods. At the SRC reaffiliated to Nuaas

Some of this year’s osas have included •The Quota Campaign

Thousands of students and academics around the

•*W omen's iasues

a n a lInception. — •Juty Festival

7be

In the second half of die year, Nusas was galvanized into actaoe against the new coo*itu6on

Having raised the issue througbo* » the year through debates, informa­tion pamphlets and surveys was in a strong position to when the challenge of tfa arose Nuaas participated actively the building of the UDF in the Transvaal and Western aad delegations from puses cam e to the launching rally at Machefis I

The growing power of youthYOUTH CONGRESSES have I — . - _________ *YOUTH CONGRESSES have a t^ ^ k th ra ig h South Africa like

; in the p u t months{ Saice the launch of the Cape Youth

Congress earlier thn year, at least 20 . other? have been formed, spreading ; from resettlement camps in Natal to

the sprawling metropolis of Soweto, small townships on the Rand, to rural areas m the Orange Free Sute and Nonhem Cape

Throughout tastory. the energy of the youth has been Theyhave always bees a dynamic fa c e in the development of ideas, and been quick to organiae themselves where the opportunity m a t The Alexandra Youth Coognaa

Today, the youth have taken a n a - (AYCO) m s formed recently hi an Jorsaep m> c o m in g thoae who fall astcu*x to Bake a l youth oaganua- ****** of Kudent organiMUoc. trade tion i in the community. The m oos and community organisation iwginharwM the Alexandra

The pr e » nt-day (roups have Youth council. Ike Thusoa* Youth «*— ■*— lo gathering Chib. Ike Roenar. CMhoic Youth

*- - ■ __ I o . . -n. l • «. .. n .

growwde by side with other c boos natknaly. so aa to emerge with one Mtional youth organisation which wffi anable youth to par­ticipate to ane-m al democratic

A Y C O Northern Cape. Despite pokoe haras­sment and anatnpts by achool and Bophuthatswana authorities to d»- e n d d a. a has gained erotrtrrablr support in the area.

CAYCO

AYCO 1-29 MA1Cayco — ona of tha Ural lo iormp ro fiunve community orgamu-

—--------- . ---- ——— ~ w 111 wan, OK sum ac l a a o K youth The r w - Y o th r i — m i i r w . i 1,0,1Ike ywtfc together iaao a united d u b and Ike Thabsacn Youth Club. was t~ hH«1iiii1 aefccTdH S ' ? Other objectives are Id:.«=Ks:s:a sssss—« ssssr**—srzzszz'szrz sf.t.TS.Tr.’r, -*5r °srssaent. alongside tke ir parents. M ^ h a ik . Ayco s d m p e n on. ■ to ^ T h e fttu rr belongs to you end c o « n » o i* ip amoun* yorth.

W ahae the you* around popular wB be srhat j a m make R today, not « Instil a aark of health and deter-don<CTUc * m ,n ,k ’ tosnoaro*.- - n a k * in dkfll.«™ d y o « « p « -

The organiaation a ftm ning “ ®mi ta pie« “ ■ «*» and other •R M pond to the detwnds and .E n co u re* youths to connate thor

cakurel and justing events. Its ■TuaUons ( f ail peopk. whether T l V . , ,yanr. after souths c t plan- members raoagniae the used lo sup- •**> ** cultural, economic o r “ “ canon and «nv t (or a

— i ------- —— by por the struggle* of pamas pcjiiral. better sy«em of education.Accordma to Nesio Keme the P"*b in tke Cape According to Pryco president.Accoramg to N olo IL«*e, tha » fin d w * s . f fakm, up with vou«h ^ «* ***** * *

in caher areas with simiar objectives <* youth an pdkkal andn c m t v r a l a f t i a r i a ' _______ - _

The youth of I T h i ll , a resettlement ■®e near Ladysmith, recently joined the aabonal trend towarda youth oiganisations by forming the Lanehill Youth Congress (Lycol

Uespati a lack of f a d i tn and dif- Bcuky ai communicating with other ■was (a l the wh p h u m u the area belong to l^ a th s membeas). the oaganaation has gained Bitch sup­port. 11 attends talking ap with

Lyco’s primary aims are to and organise ytndk in the cosununity and to u p p a * community efforts in **“ development of “

SOYCO

a youth steering cosnminee. Ike S ow eto Y outh C ongress was

Various aib-comminees kave ••ready been formed to daal with apedfic a c t iv ta A drama group ■aged a play eakied The w in* of

ivas cf people discarded ki readiie-an educataonal -sub-

treasurer of Ayco. the nrgsrasanoc.. „

•Organise and unite the youth of eaploied aaa- ________________________ iM—ASoweto, irreepectivc of n e e or i°0| ««nn goal aloug witt I” * " in ons between youth »*” * *” <** «oreligion, in the struggle for a oegaraaatiooa of the oppree- parCTta. moaphere of peace, juatice anddemocratic South Africa. 11 • dsmocrmtic laspon- ■■ual reject to promote equal•1 akc up isMies .fleeting youth ^ “ d •cooom k u>d « x k l#ioatiL m the youth ■oo-ndal and frce0o,c UUBter, he Mia. ** ■ember*. ----------------- ---------------- - -democratic priiK i|^— ^•Promote soaal and cukund ac asnos^ all pMfe - the worten. the

■■ampioyad, 4he tecnagan and an

in the oosnmunity. and aapntag

At a meeting held between the twoorgani—tvKM, InkMha warned Lyco that k i members were ‘being

— ---- i* mtmj m- P V * far all human beia^.'

the youth group ia u,realising «s notio — U m , m e

SAYOAt a mass rally la the keart of Ike At a meetnw laa BOBh af JDO pao- *** - ........... _

township, chanting and ainaing nle the f n i t i M i v - * i u k * * ? «peneeee w * he 7?* *aadsiMa. Attendgevae Youthyouth, hailed the formeDoo r f Uk <Ku. OUnh w .. 1. Ikro^h united asrfcetoctlve (Sayo) wai rortned m

SHKcthebanmm ofthe IS onam s* * ” *' far people ai iheir com- “ l « » e tt* young people from tbeaeu » « o S S r».%TT T " il- - t a l i , b r o k e r awas. It d m * a * --------------

Soyco-whoB*opnis'Fre*aom tatrves of Soyco, the UDF aad the

Acconkng to ane eee*er, the lack r f fadkies ■ Ms area has led lo

youths becoming involved at auntas activities, aad k is the pur- poae of this arganaation to unite them around meaongful aaues and lo involve them is the broader

ia our country

ang r the same i a i l r i aa *A ccording to aa executive

■ember, becauae of the tact of i far Soweto’s youth, w r y

I ofTHABONG

young people of the community to PBtadpau ia hs a c t rv tn h phuw logat aupport in fa ad raising and

oaR on all Soweto’s youth to join aa, ^ o k ss tha Ulaalaai aud Iry to actva

i f r "

STUDENT LEADERS

MosenekeNATIONAL: C M yea bD at she« yaw acdvhba thb year?T IE C O Jn the p u t A m o had u> mtprett on itudenu the Med for camput organnation and unity. It abo had to nuke *udenti on drfTerent c i m p w aware of to political pobcies and out­look. a id s e n a te people! understanding of the realities of South Africa. Axaic tuccesafuD) managed to broaden to hue

14 campuses and arve® colleges Tha year we further broadened our base and conaobdated (aim made in the past two yean Thu was done al two lewis fintl). by encouraging a focus on student issues on camput — the demands for SRC sat Ngoyc and Medunta are exampta — at well as food boycotts and the like Second)) , there has been an upsurge in taking up

asues. Students have become receptive to progressive P^ .^ .1 jMues. following the meneive pobocaJ education that sent n o the campuses ever the pas yean

NATIONAL: What waald be prtac^ba I

U K ■

# L pTIEGOiAnao first and foremost. envisafes a struggle where the large bulk of people are involved. So we are supportive of

principle of mass-based orgamsalion We have tned to___a elitis organisation Second, we support non-racialnmHowever Mack students experience peculiar conditions and therefore demand • black itudeni orgamation But this does not water down our non-facial jaincipie. Ail South Africans

v s n Bake a contribution i they nippwt a non-racia) unitary n d democratic order for tha country In South Afnca blacks are bv the national op^easior which they experience.But, more fondamentall). our tociety it capitalist and to ex­ploitation b more fundamental than appreasion We are, therefore, % htn* a dais struggle. and anybods wishing to join this r«ht should do ao In the p ro a* we mutt also fight against racial oppressor. We abo call for a unitary South AfncaNATIONAL: Whsi do yea think * i

aides Ike

n t c o : KaaL Azaao and Coaaa are principled albes in the «u- dent movement and have a m y dnee relationship We are one in our obiectivca and the aae of the Freedom Charter at our raByin* pom with Nuaas. On that baan all three of u> agree m

y^e Md C ow v c azniar aa our conanueooes ex- pencoce Ike m e probkmi. the irferior ijuahty ii education ~ , t a i c problent which b o a Hacks m tha country. Aiasoi strength w « depend, to aome extern, on the «rengtfc of Coaas, and it b our duty h> MMt Coast in to arganbation With Nuaas w hnwe bad a tmy good mfonnal tabbc-h ip At tha p o rt there ■ no formal or ttructural relauomh*, but we *a re the aame otaecovea The difference between ut ■ that Nuaat works with a privkdged group of people, where* A m o finds haeff fbtiung for tone needt - like proper fadboea. food and SR C r - which are taken for granted on Nuaat campuaet

k. ------ ■>-'--- Azaao and Nuaat have a wry good relationihipft We have worked together in the Anti-Republic Day campaign r aery mcceafully at well as the Free Mandela campa«n and the

ano-corautution effort* However, there it atill room for ut to

t a t b UDF. What bthrNATIONAL: All r a f * b ’

anmoo goals we have _________ i around the country, we and Nuaatt at iwvcratx*. we bnve the b a v for working with

_ ; the cMeeaional ptopoaab and the Koornhcfl b . It b hkely. point through the a* K » titi* io o cam payt h y it., r our rebbofnhip wfl u f to w . We bum. hcwever. make affe that we do not replace the hnka we have wfch now with U s oe*y throagh the UDF. •NATIONAL: Haw eaa ftr f BOpadan •t tk*

T irG O :Akhou*ti we are a M ag part r f UDF we can pfay a aagntficam ante. The atudert paptdation a abo part of the com- nuaatics, and can have aa inflaencc there. Bccauac the cotn- — -re receptive. bndeat o n bAuence what hues the

r ariS take ap. StudrBs tre very voc* and so can ■ of UDF In a targe part of the papulation.

NATIONAL: Haw wfl Aasaa M M afferM by th.i w r . _ -

kaow. a m i dyaaivB b id dmde the epino- aorkaly. aery id*. Mian and

always been a basis for unity among Mack students in the dif­ferent educational iuDtuboas. anting k* only from common experiences but abo our perceptions of a new tocidy. These Yeformt' wil manifest themselves in different ways on our cam­puses. So, for example, the University £>nban-Weatville and the University o< the Western Cape are now 'autonomous' which means they will, perhaps, not experience the conditions found at other places This could undercut that basis of a com­mon experience we are talking about NATIONAL: Haw waald yaa broadly eatagarite the different

i af the dfflerent Irvd af argaabatioa whick

TIEGO:There are thoae campuses where Ajaso has been ac­tive uncc about 19*1 where we have been accepted as the sole repreaentatrve body of Mack atadents m the country today Most of these campuaea have developed to a point where ttu- denti awst m community projacts or trade union work, tuch as Westville or UNB The other campuses have grown ngnificant- ly in the hut year nr to. and the majcrrty of students tu ^ o rt A m o But aome branches have not taken full root, especially thoae where students are hampered by repression Some like Ngoyc have managed to overcome this by good organiution but others are hampered by »ot being there, but nor at the rate we would like, and A m o cannot really be laid to be mass bated there. But at Wits, Tnrfloop. Rhodes. Mongatotho. Technikon and in Natal. A m o it to a large extent accepted by Budents Willing to work widiin the structures Priorities next year will be to establish doae contacts with communities, con- aobdaic the campus and involve more people Because of these Bructural problems and uneven development on the different campuses, we have not been aMc to take up national cam­paigns. hke the Charter, at the tame pace and time we would have liked.

Philip if1 w

I v

Nuaat NATIONAL: Yaa have I

m C O ^ t a c peopfc. to

atroag hnka have haaa fta;

I ttnt rianadna has m d t k

im i s i i af mi atata hi gabssMTTEGO-^tate reaponae to Aaaao haa been w , harsh, and not only the ■ but ha dhca on the different rampusra A number cf people have haaa iarawrtalrd or detained andaseatkmed, w ia lb for short fltdb — one or two days. But of more ^m ficance b the iip rf i on at bush colleges where police have featured on many occasions The umvemty ad- Bimbtrationt abo ptay a rcpnsdve rale

At Fort Hare tha year the Chhai pobce maintained a cma- lant pretence, often a u d m sudentt very aeverdy. Students

ilso been detained and charged under the Riotous A»- aemMiet Act The U uim atJ aitn l m i at Medunta for

i from opentins on

NATIONAL: Whet were Ihe m*frr i t il ipu ia li m Naam ra f ia tr^ tkia year?KATE:Nusas activity hat been concentrated into two man thrusts, both of which fail under the Nuaas theme - Educating for Change. The ooe thrust has been contesting vuca relating to educa&kxu and here we have tried to build the sructurea most appropriate for taking up this struggle - the Faculty Coun- ctfs

The second thrust has been rising to political chaimgn . The key issues we have taken up are oppoaition to the Defence Amendment BiL rejection of the Quota Bill and our campaign rejecting the new constitution ~

In the context of the state’s strategies of reform we tried to provide an analysis of *. exposing its underlying motives

At the same tune Nuaas has been part of the UDPs activities. The has given our work a particular stamp and drawn us into a far more oven expression of the alliances we have buik over the past few yean with other progressive organisations.

*apfce It ariiring a t eaaa t e e caaing at a t e e a f> e v traiitk a a iy eaaaMercrf avwke to h a d actHty. Haw Ad yaa explak this?KATE:In a aense we had been kacfeng up to that campaign aD year, with our attempts to expoae the government’s refora stmegies.

Our starting point in the campaign was appealing to the broadest poasibie base of students^© mobihse them in rejecting of the constitution, and from there, to raise iasues th a could develop people's understanding of how the new constitution relates to. for example, the increasing control of the African population, and particularly the African working class We used the campaign to raise the question of how change wiD come about in South Africa in the future, and emphasised the importance of students m Nuaas alying themadves with the majority of South Africans in wockmg for that change

And here UDF provided a real) important focus for tha debate to fcmge around We could link this to the issue of cxtra-pariamentary opposition and te w th a this m m fact the seal oppoaitioo in South Africa. Tha a the source from where

will .

and mtroducjr^ cootn^a on their bvea that will n u n they win prnidc • chop M wur farce far tbe economy.

The anportant tint* ■ tb a t there ■ b o « i > wt can baps to k a d d a free a n d democratic Sotth Africa until tbe way racim. t n b e b a m and ethnicity have been uasd. be* expaaed. and i i teen a t a o m c th i z K to be fnigbl ataintf

But we think tbe itauc of democracy goes a lot further than the qwttinn of the vote. Then ale many other s n ic t i r a and j t i t n t i m in to a d y bcades parliament which exereiae control o ta people’s kwes and jnflnmrr them. We would want to tee people havim t h e n*bt to partiapate m dcanoo-mikmt at at n u t ) different knelt of today m poeeible

As far as our call for a aaatary South Africa goes, it reUles to our rejection of the >—n»ua»n syBem.There ■ no way South Africans can be free until the bantuitan lynem b aboiahed, a l n f with m fku control and the past laws NATIONAL: Wbat ef ether stadeat argaa iaa ttM ?KATEtAt tbe moment we are operating in tbe context of a divided educMkxi ayatem. and Co m . A jbso and Nusas have identified within that divided educa­tion eyatem to nrganar in.

f ta d e ro face different probtam and priorities. Tbe level of i i [in— iwi T —" ^ the lecofnhkn of rights such as■Hdcat —f —« * « » aylabi and facSties are all martedly different for vfcdc and black education, and for this reason it it —1—r,.— |o e n p h M c that in terms of the student crgamsa- tions. our long term goals aad broad princytca are the same

On this *----- and becaaae we are otganiamg at part of tbe— e ne gk , there it the bans far a wortaig rdabonship and atrong afaance between us.

W U e there it certainly a long way to go I would imagine that j i i im a i l j important unity to atme for. At present there

KATE:The prime chaficnge we lace n to ensure that our ac­tivities and our participation in the UDF is rooted in the tup- port of our campuses

We have to continue to fight off tbe nghl-winf and extend the base of our support. The question this raises b that we not only want a broad *■»««• of students who are aware of the iatues and who support us in a general tense, we want to draw such flu dents into organisation to get them active!) involved Through that involvement get people to consolidate a commitment and undemanding of hem they can in the long term contribute to the ttruggle for a democratic South Africa by putting thal com­mitment into practice.

Within that we must make sure, through our ttructures and orgarutations. that people are provided with the forums for developing a sophisticated theoretical analysis of South Afncs ao that all of our activities can be rooted and informed by that undemanding Only in this way can a tobd commioment be coupled with a dear direction.

a a n . coadaions and ia u a td l differ, and tbe Afferent ex­periences o f f — I«~t III It wt air a different Hating point far■ nTif i »at i it important to take the gapa, where theytT igr. to forge aafty.

O a joint partic ipan t ia tke UDF doca is tome ways provide aach mt opportunity h a naportant that the Mudent organita- •o ta la UDF w ort doady ugcther because the potential exias far lamenting oar idatioartip about thcae aaues. But where t e l and Chance needs lo be cemented it in the

atn<gle. where the objective orcumttances for that - i bold

NATIONAL: Wbat k a b a n a b far aext year? KATEtWe wm ccumly continue Id oppoae the new conaitu- tjoa m i entarok oa the African papulation Obvioudy a big g —' — a bow we reapond lo tbe anpfamentstioo of the aew

MatiNATIONAL:

___________ : key aaue wit be to amen the importance ofatxa-parbamcntary opportwn We wfl abo need to define in

I arongty add to the UDF campaigns as - a t a our particular role in the front is

e that I t t a d t i a bans far ckae wortiag between janwationt aad Ihc youth it that of conacripoon.

> faces! Ninat Hid wkae Badents for tome tane, and we t die rale of tbe SADF and

i Of ear society, par-

. STUDENT LEADERS

C .A 1Mkto focus on t t a t (bideot i i M ahdfficak i^

I to eooaolidate more NATIONAL: Maay wytmMim apsraie at tm hmk - Am, takiag ap ' “ -

coloureds and Indians, and the UDF m tkm dy looking at ways of taking up the antj-conscriptioc campaign h will be impor­tant within this campaign lo stress the political nature of the problems in South Africa and the need for political solutions which address the fundamental conflict in South Africa. NATIONAL: What are the chaheages far N ana la the aext

M ATl:Fnt)y. Coaas has developed a focus that is more con­centrated on student issues, and consobdated the organisation at thal level This is difference from the past when Coaas tackled community issues and isolated itself from its student base. But there are still tremendous problems conducting Coaas affairs along student lines.

Second)), we have developed more of a second layer of hadirship Some of the branches have been working out their own programmes. In the past there was tremendous enthusiasm, but the people should wait to be given direction by the aationaJ executive, and tbe energy would fast chsappear No* thal tbe branches are developing their own programmes and activities, on their own imuative. people have been thrown up who. given further development, would be our broad

Thirdly in terms of our expansion there have been gains. In some branches activities have drawn in many people For ex­ample. in the past, discussion groups were dosed to members e f tbe branch, but now they are open to the broader student body. 11m has generated the interest of people besides only those who hold membership cards, and ao we have reached

had any inroads before.

MAT1:1 think we do. As 1 Mid earlier Cons aims to coo aobdate and pow from the haae upwards aad oatwaidi through taking ap issues that directly affect the lives of *udent at school and in the ri— cans On the other hand, k doss ha vt to play a role thal goes beyood those classroom and schoo boundaries towards tackling community issues and nations political demands The activities at first level must feed into and strengthen, the second social and political level Cosas ha a duty to carry out. to represent the aspirations of oppress* Mudents.NATIONAL: la terav of tear aspharteas. what aasU tfc placlphs of Caaas he?MATI :At the founding congress of Cbaas, one of the quertioo which was addressed w ar where do we go from here, in taoa of outlook and direction and principles. We considered wha the needs of the time were and how to continue the course o struggle. Amongst the basic pr incyles to come out of tbe oor gress (and since then Cosas has been working around this t participating in the broader struggle) has been tbe principle o nor-racialam Whilst Coaas organises black students, i organises them towards a ooo-raciaJ democratic education

Furthermore, in the proceas of organising black audents, ou organisation provides means whereby racm and tribahst out looks are aeadih confronted and fought

We believe thal whilst we are workers for a democrat: future, we should teach, preach and practice democracy as fs as possible We also have the principles of mass mobila* tkm and unity in struggle An aasurance of a better educabo and future in our country is the mobilisation of the laigea set tions of the oppressed students and people And always unity i the field of actionNATIONAL: What does hoMlag these principles mna to yfl reistioBshif mkb Axaao aad Nasas?MAThAt the moment our relationship with Azaso and Nusi a the same, except in terms o f our organising different types t students — them at a tertiary level and us at secondary schoo and below Here and there we are developing joint activitie and the relationship is growing

There have been advances in our relationship with Nusas, e peciall) with the emergence of tbe United Democrat*: Fron where the student organisations arc drawn together to asse their participation in the struggle against the Koorabof Bfl and the constitutional proposals Our relationship is founded c more than just a common outlook, but also on action So wit the kinds of iasues and problems which are going to confra the youth of this country, we foresee thal the relationship w improveNATIONAL: Aad all thsar gre^s hart J a M the UDJ What role do yea think they have b the UDF?MATI:First, these groups must move beyond tbe fact thal the joined UDF in name. They must take thear constituency wit them. They have the potential to take their constituency into united struggle with other sectors of the broad democraL movement.

On the one hand, student participation can build the streogi of the UDF, but it works the other way around as well. Pa ticipating in UDF and joint activities will expose students t other sectors of struggle and bring the masses together in joi: struggle Through thal there is the potential to build partidpa organisations, especially where gains are made through j o i work New possibilities are shown to student organisation areas with which the) had no contact before ought open up 1 them so thal they can organiK the unorganised NATIONAL: How Is the lafora proceas golag la affe Caaas?MATI:We will be drastically affected if the constitution proposals arc implemented As has been made dear in tl National Party Congress, a small section of the 'coloured' ar- Indian middle dass would be woo over to participate as jump w«h limned rights and privileges. In return they expect the m jonty ot the youth, the oppressed end underprivileged to sen in the army, and risk their young bves in defence of apartbo which is responsible for their aasery and oppression

Second, if you look at education, it wilJ remain racist, ethn and segmented There will be no real change in this y h ere, e cept that racist education wfll be entrenched. More corpor punishment, had study conditions, arrogant teachers, at deckne in the standard of black education wifl resuh. More a more people wfll be denied education — which has beconx pnviege in our country under apartheid. There will not only division between urban and rural students, but deprivation wed — of these young people’s rights as Smith Africans. T doors of learning and culture wiE remain closed

NATIONAL: Haw has tfcr state rufomM to Caaas - yc have always beea a target of attack, ao how do yea cater far It MATI:Yes. the state is very interested in eventually itifln Cosas. and the democratic movement as a whole They ha' had a few opportunities to hanass us in the past What is inroo tant is that, of late, they have managed to gain the service of tf bantustans which are intolerant of democratic opposition

Generall>. oar members are constantly harassed snd i timidated With tbe sucngthening of its powerful forces, % have seen other attacks Government commissions have, f example, tightened up the aecunty laws. There is little \ can do about these laws, but we must be determined organise and mobilise students, strengthen our organisaboi and most important, develop a depth of leadership

Only under a democratic, aon-racial peoples' govern me will these laws finally be abolished from the face of our countiI hen there'N be no tension, mistrust and hatred among peop but peace, better education, freedom and love

6A-7A•PACE INVADERS

Collection Number: AK2117 DELMAS TREASON TRIAL 1985 - 1989 PUBLISHER: Publisher:-Historical Papers, University of the Witwatersrand Location:-Johannesburg ©2012

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