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www.iagos.org IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from passenger aircrafts (10-20 by 2020) Valérie Thouret and IAGOS team Laboratoire d‘Aérologie, Univ. Toulouse – CNRS Contact : [email protected]mip.fr 1 GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea,  2324 October 2014 http://www.iagos.org http://www.iagos.fr

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Page 1: IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from · PDF IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from passenger aircrafts (10-20 by 2020) Valérie Thouret and IAGOS team Laboratoire d‘Aérologie,

www.iagos.org

IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from

passenger aircrafts (10-20 by 2020)

Valérie Thouret and IAGOS teamLaboratoire d‘Aérologie, Univ. Toulouse – CNRS

Contact : [email protected]‐mip.fr

1GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea,  23‐24 October 2014

http://www.iagos.orghttp://www.iagos.fr

Page 2: IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from · PDF IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from passenger aircrafts (10-20 by 2020) Valérie Thouret and IAGOS team Laboratoire d‘Aérologie,

www.iagos.org

2

IAGOS‐CORE (historical MOZAIC)•Equipping 20 long‐haul aircraft  with scientific instruments for:

– atmospheric chemical composition (H2O, O3, CO, NOx, NOy , CO2, CH4) 

– aerosol number conc. and size – cloud particle number conc. and size

•Long‐term deployment (20 yrs)•Global coverage •Open data policy (GMES/GEO/GEOSS)•Near real time data provision

MOZAIC : 1994-2014 (up to 5 aircraft)CARIBIC : Since 1997 (1 aircraft)

IAGOS : since 2011 (already 5 aircraft + 1)

IAGOS‐CARIBICDeploy the CARIBIC ContainerLarge number of species, including those above plus VOCs, CFCs, aerosol chem. composition, H2 isotopes, SO2

In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System

GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea,  23‐24 October 2014

Continuityin time

Page 3: IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from · PDF IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from passenger aircrafts (10-20 by 2020) Valérie Thouret and IAGOS team Laboratoire d‘Aérologie,

IAGOS‐CORE  Permanent installations in the avionic bay  of A340/A330

First flight of LH D‐AIGT on 8 July 2011Weight: 120 kg Operation: Continuous

Photograph by courtesy of Alexander Karmazin 

GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea,  23‐24 October 2014 3

Page 4: IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from · PDF IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from passenger aircrafts (10-20 by 2020) Valérie Thouret and IAGOS team Laboratoire d‘Aérologie,

www.iagos.orgWhere we are now :IAGOS‐core

Lufthansa : July 2011China Airlines : July 2012Air France : June 2013Cathay Pacific : July 2013Iberia : February 2014

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http://www.iagos.fr

New destinations compared to MOZAIC:‐Pacific‐Australia‐Tropical regions

GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea,  23‐24 October 2014

Page 5: IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from · PDF IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from passenger aircrafts (10-20 by 2020) Valérie Thouret and IAGOS team Laboratoire d‘Aérologie,

www.iagos.org

World Integrated Data Archive

System Reanalysis

Assimilation of Real-Time Data

by Forecast Models

GAW Calibration &

Quality Assurance

Data Uses / Applications1. Public UV Warnings2. Public Ozone Bulletins3. Research4. Scientific Assessments 5. Forecasts of Ozone Depletion6. Improved Weather Forecast

Aircraft: IAGOS

Surface: GAW / ACTRIS

Space Programme: ESA

Real-Time Data Distribution:Weather Information System

Global Products

* Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations 

MACC /Copernicus

The IGACO* concept (Barrie et al., 2002)

GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea,  23‐24 October 2014 5

Page 6: IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from · PDF IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from passenger aircrafts (10-20 by 2020) Valérie Thouret and IAGOS team Laboratoire d‘Aérologie,

www.iagos.orgThe Central IAGOS Data Base

6GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea,  23‐24 October 2014

• How is it organized today ? – historical MOZAIC data + IAGOS‐core  (+ common subset of IAGOS‐CARIBIC)

• How to get access ? http://www.iagos.fr– Request on the web, abstract required– Open data policy

• Who are the users ?– Scientists (more than 250 groups worldwide)– Projects (QUANTIFY, AQMEII, AMMA, etc …)– Copernicus/MACC (In‐situ data provision and automatic model validation)

http://www.iagos.fr/macc

• Current developments :– FP7‐ IGAS (metadata standardisation, SOP and QA/QC procedures 

harmonization, interoperability, merge IAGOS‐core and IAGOS‐CARIBIC, etc…)– Source/Receptor link (added‐values products to attribute the origin of observed 

CO plumes : coupling IAGOS‐FLEXPART‐ECCAD)

What MOZAIC‐IAGOS data are used for (%)

56

10

20

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process studies

Climatologies & trends

Model Validation &AssimilationSatellites Validation

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IAGOS‐ERI to IGAS : QA‐Concept of GAW   

IAGOS-Data Base

IAGOS-Instrument/Observation

IAGOS-CalibrationLaboratory

IAGOS-QA/SAC:

IGAS-WP4

Page 8: IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from · PDF IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from passenger aircrafts (10-20 by 2020) Valérie Thouret and IAGOS team Laboratoire d‘Aérologie,

www.iagos.orgSOP & QA protocols for O3 and CO

8GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea,  23‐24 October 2014

• Package 1 (O3 and CO), installed on every aircraft : – O3 : classic UV absorption at 254 nm. – CO : improved IR correlation at 4.6 µm, with an optimised IR detector cooled to ‐30°C. O3 and 

H2O are filtered to prevent any interference with CO absorption. – Package1 is associated with Pump Box, which contains 2 pressurisation pumps for driving air 

from to pitot tube to the atmospheric pressure.

• Instruments are calibrated before and after their flight operation period (6 months to 1 year)– O3 laboratory calibration at CNRS

• By comparison with a reference instrument Thermo Env. Model 49PS, at several levels of O3 to also check the linearity of the instrument within 1% : 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500 and 800 ppbv.

• This reference instrument is sent twice a year to French Laboratoire National d'Essais (LNE) for comparison with a NIST standard instrument. Pressure sensor on the O3 cells is also controlled via a reference pressure sensor.

– CO laboratory calibration at CNRS• Using NIST referenced CO cylinders (CO in N2, 500 ppbv) and a dilution system. Calibration 

is done at several levels of CO to also check the linearity of the instrument within 2‐5% : 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1500 ppbv.

• Dilution system is sent twice a year to French LNE for flow meters controls.

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www.iagos.orgSOP & QA protocols for O3 and CO

9GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea,  23‐24 October 2014

•Calibration is also checked during flight– Internal O3 generator is used to check the instrument every 2 hours (0, 100, 1000 ppbv)– Periodic zeroing (10 to 20 minutes) of the CO instrument is made by passing air on Sofnocat 

filter.

•No Data acquisition on the airport taxi way – starts during take‐off (ground speed > 50knots) – stops right after landing (ground speed < 50knots).

•Measurements specifications :– O3 : 4 seconds integration time, ± 2 ppbv, ± 2%.– CO : 30 seconds integration time, ± 5 ppbv, ± 5%.

•IAGOS systems are systematically intercompared when aircraft :– ascent/descent from/to the same airport close in time (<2 hours)– fly the same route/same altitude close in time (< 2hours)– Profile comparisons are very frequent (Frankfurt …), about 100‐200 / year– Route comparisons are less frequent, about 20‐50 / year

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10GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea,  23‐24 October 2014

1 IAGOS flight and 1 MOZAIC flight over Eastern Europe on September, 27th 2012

O3CO

O3CO

4 profiles over Frankfurt airport (1 IAGOS and 3 MOZAIC) on February, 12th 2012

Check on Internal Consistency

Page 11: IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from · PDF IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from passenger aircrafts (10-20 by 2020) Valérie Thouret and IAGOS team Laboratoire d‘Aérologie,

QA-ProtocolsRegular Calibrations

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Internal Experts

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EvaluationAndHarmonisation

QA/QCDocuments

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AssessmentReportsAs Meta Data

CollectingQA/QC-Protocols

IGAS-WP4:Concept QA/QC Evaluation & Harmonisation

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GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea,  23‐24 October 2014 10

Page 12: IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from · PDF IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from passenger aircrafts (10-20 by 2020) Valérie Thouret and IAGOS team Laboratoire d‘Aérologie,

www.iagos.orgMOZAIC/IAGOS‐ Continuity in Time

IAGOS complements the global observing system by using the existing air transport infrastructure (in addition to ground‐based network, research campaigns, satellites, balloons, ships) IAGOS is currently the only way to provide regular in‐situ :‐ observations in the UTLS over mid‐latitudes at high spatial resolution, since 1994. ‐ profiles of reactive gases, greenhouse gases, and aerosol concentration in the troposphere over continental sites (never or poorly sampled by other programs : Africa, South East Asia, South America, ... )

12

MOZAIC IAGOS1994 2002 2005

H2O,O3 H2O,O3CO, NOy

H2O, O3,  CO, Cloud Particles, NOx

2011 2012

H2O, O3, CO, Aerosols, Cloud Particles, NOx, CO2, CH4, NOy

2014

Same instruments, regular QA/QC procedures

GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea,  23‐24 October 2014

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www.iagos.orgMOZAIC‐IAGOS database users :  http://www.iagos.fr

• Scientific community for specific questions :– 20 years of H20 – 20 years of O3– 12 years of CO– 5 years of NOy

• Copernicus Atmospheric Service (IAGOS = in‐situ data at global scale)– Evaluation of forecast runs(Air quality purposes, special events)– Evaluation of Reanalysis (UTLS and trends assessment)– Assimilation of real time data(when available)

What MOZAIC‐IAGOS data are used for (%)

56

10

20

14

process studies

Climatologies & trends

Model Validation &AssimilationSatellites Validation

13

Page 14: IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from · PDF IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from passenger aircrafts (10-20 by 2020) Valérie Thouret and IAGOS team Laboratoire d‘Aérologie,

www.iagos.orgMOZAIC‐IAGOS database users :  http://www.iagos.fr

• Example of « Application » : Biomass burning plumes from Siberian 

Fires in July 2012observed over Vancouver Airport (China Airlines)

14

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www.iagos.orgO3 and CO global distributions in the UTLS

15

Upper Troposphere 2002-2012

UTLS definition (from Thouret et al., 2006) :Tropopause = 30 hPa thick centered around the PV=2pvu iso-surface UT : 60 hPa thick below the tropopause LS : all data recorded above tropopause + 60 hPa

Clark et al., in prep.

CO O3

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www.iagos.org

CO_LSLower Stratosphere : 2002-2012

16

CO O3

O3 and CO global distributions in the UTLS

Clark et al., in prep.

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www.iagos.org

Effect of emissions controls in Western Hemisphere VSIncrease of industrial emissions in Eastern Hemisphere ?

CO in the UT : East‐West Hemispheric Asymmetry

MumbaiTokyo

Bangkok

BeijingUSA

EU

UT, annual average 40-55°N25-40°N55-70°N

17

Clark et al., in prep.

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www.iagos.org

18GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea,  23‐24 October 2014

AcknowledgmentsMOZAIC‐IAGOS gratefully acknowledges 

financial support during its preparation, implementation and operation phase over more than 20 years from :

• the European Commission in FP4, FP5, FP6 and FP7 programmes, 

• national research programmes in Germany (BMBF), France (INSU‐CNRS, MENESR, CNES) and UK (NERC), 

• institutional resources in Germany (Helmholtz Association, Max‐Planck‐Society, Leibniz Association), France (Université de Toulouse, Météo‐France) and UK (University of Manchester, University of Cambridge), and

• Aeronautical industries (AIRBUS) and airlines