iagos aircraft observations in the copernicus atmospheric ... · status of fleet and provision of...
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IAGOS aircraft observations in the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring
Service
Hannah Clark, IAGOS team and CAMS team
Laboratoire d’Aerologie, Toulouse
www.iagos.org
IAGOS combines the advantages of MOZAIC and CARIBIC:IAGOS-CORE: Key species on many aircraft, every day with quasi-global
coverage, 500 flights/ac/yrIAGOS-CARIBIC: Many species for a deeper understanding on one aircraft, ~ 50
flights/yr
Warsaw 2017
IAGOS – History and Future
www.iagos.org
Warsaw 2017
Status of fleet and provision of data to CAMS
• 7 aircraft with IAGOS CORE rack (O3, CO, H2O, BCP)
– 2 DLH, 2 AFR, 2 CAL, 1 CPA, (1 HAL- July), NRT
• 1 (DLH) with Package 2b (NOx) – not NRT
• 2 aircraft at Frankfurt, 2 aircraft at Paris – 4 profiles a day
• In discussions with Finnair- Helsinki (2018); re-equip IBE- Madrid?
• Package 2d (CO2/CH4) certified – DLH June 2017 (planned NRT)
• IAGOS-CARIBIC container under major revision for installation of new and
improved instruments – July 2017
www.iagos.org
Warsaw 2017
IAGOS Global and European network
Ozone since 1994, CO since 2001 timeseries, UTLS climatogies – validation of CAMS reanalysis
Landing/take off profiles worldwide –validation of global models
Landing/take off profiles over Europe –validation of regional models
www.iagos.org
Warsaw 2017
How is IAGOS involved in CAMS-84?
• Validation in NRT of the global analysis and forecast from ECMWF’s C-IFS with and without data assimilation. Focus on reactive gases, CO and O3. Daily landing/take-off profiles of CO and O3 on website (iagos.fr/cams).
• MOZAIC/IAGOS 15 year, simultaneous CO and O3, timeseries, climatologies, focus UTLS
• NEW in CAMS-84 Validation of CO and O3 above the surface up to 5000m, European airports.
• Daily information on the global atmospheric composition by monitoring and forecasting constituents, greenhouse gases, reactive gases, ozone and aerosols.
• Global Reanalyses for tracking atmospheric composition over several years
• Daily production of near-real-time European air quality analyses and forecasts with a multi-model ensemble system
CAMS provides: IAGOS contributes:
• IAGOS involved in GEMS and MACC since 2005
www.iagos.orgWebsite: NRT monitoring of Global Atmospheric
Composition
iagos.fr/cams
NRT validation of ECMWF’sglobal o-suite and control run
IAGOS validated not calibrated
Warsaw 2017
www.iagos.org
Website: Tracking Atmospheric CompositionReanalysis 2003-2011
CARIBIC
Warsaw 2017
iagos.fr/cams
www.iagos.org
Website: Monitoring Air Quality in EuropeRegional Models
7 regional modelsEnsemble at 4 forecasttimes
Warsaw 2017
iagos.fr/cams
www.iagos.org
Regularly Visited European Airports:Paris, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Vienna, Rome, also visted Athens
7 regional models and Ensemble:CHIMERE (INERIS), EMEP (MetNO), EURAD (Uni Cologne), LOTOS_EUROS (KNMI), MATCH (Sweden), MOCAGE (MF), SILAM (FMI)
Levels: Surface (0m), 50, 250, 500, 1000, 3000, 5000 m
Resolution: 10km
Regional Models: Monitoring Air Quality in Europe
Warsaw 2017
www.iagos.org
Interpolation from 10km resolution of model to flight track
Aircraft take about 10 minutes to climb or descend the 5000m vertical extent covered by the regional models. Travelling at about 250ms-1, aircraft cover about 150km
Approach and take-off trajectories, superimposed on regional model gridNow 4 flights a day at Frankfurt and Paris – info on diurnal cycle
Warsaw 2017
Regional Models: Monitoring Air Quality in Europe
www.iagos.org
Regional Models: Diurnal Cycle
improvement in forecast at Day0 Good example of diurnal cycle in ozone in surface layer MF signalled a diurnal cycle in temperature of 25 degrees. Ozone 90µg/m3
Warsaw 2017
SL=0-250m BL=500-1000m FT=2000-5000m
3 April 201720 Feb 2017 14 Feb 2017
www.iagos.org
Air Quality in Europe: Mini Heatwave July 2016
Info on depthof anomaly
Warsaw 2017
www.iagos.org
Air Quality in Europe: Heatwave 2003
Warsaw 2017
www.iagos.org
Time Series: Underestimation of CO in Europe
CO Frankfurt CO Dusseldorf
3-Sigma event CO
Dip in surface temperatures
Positive anomaly UTLS
MOZAIC 2003-2012
Warsaw 2017
www.iagos.org
Global Case Study: Meteorological Impact on Air Quality 13-18 October 2015 – a well forecast Cut-off low
Meteo France (Arpege) 500hPa Geopotential and temperature
Eumetsat MSG
Meteoswiss
Warsaw 2017
www.iagos.org
Global Case Study: Are monthly emissions sufficient?
Warsaw 2017
www.iagos.org
Global Case Study: Typhoons Megi 2016
Warsaw May 2017
Conclusions
• NRT – O3 CO, possibility to use water vapour?
• Reanalysis- simultaneous CO O3 over 15 years focus UTLS
• New in CAMS - Regional AQ using profile up to 5000m, depth
anomalies (c.f. surface stations)
• Process oriented evaluation: behind-the-scenes analysis
using the added-value products, focus on Mediterranean and
Arctic
www.iagos.org
Underestimation of CO in EuropeFrankfurt CO Taipei CO
MACC city Anthropogenic Emissions too low in Europe in winter - Stein et
al 2014, sensitivity tests traffic emissions scaled x 4.5 in Europe
Revisit with new IAGOS profiles over Asia
Warsaw 2017
www.iagos.org
Profiles of the Day: Gradients in the UTLS
Gaudel et al., Tellus-B 2015
• Gradients around the tropopause are not necessarily better reproduced after assimilation - limitations of the current data assimilation system, and the impact of the coarse resolution in the Ex-UTLS
• Models tend to miss high CO in the UT and Low CO in the LS
Osuite: (operational) with Assimilation Control: without assimilation
IAGOS validated not calibrated
Warsaw 2017
www.iagos.org
Manchester 2016
Air Quality in Europe: Mini Heatwave
SL> 950hPa; BL 950-850hPa; FT > 850hPa
Info on depthof anomaly
www.iagos.org
Regional Models: Monitoring Air Quality in Europe
> 850hPa Regional modelsstillunderestimate CO 950-850hPa
> 950hPa > 950hPa
950-850hPa
> 850hPa
Ozone anomalyw.r.t. MOZAIC climatology and heatwave
Warsaw 2017
www.iagos.org
Manchester 2016
Regional Models: Monitoring Air Quality in Europe
Info on depthof anomaly
www.iagos.org
Warsaw 2017
Regional Models: Monitoring Air Quality in Europe
www.iagos.org
The IAGOS – CORE system
Permanent installation in the avionics bay of Airbus A340/A330Weight: 120 kgOperation: continuous
Warsaw 2017
www.iagos.org
Manchester 2016
daily mean CO over Frankfurt during October (black) .Red = (2003-2012) MOZAIC meanBlack dashed line = sigma, blue dashed line = 3-sigma values.
Case Study: Meteorological Impact on Air Quality
www.iagos.org
Manchester 2016
daily mean CO over Frankfurt during October (black) .Red = (2003-2012) MOZAIC meanBlack dashed line = sigma, blue dashed line = 3-sigma values.
Case Study: Meteorological Impact on Air Quality
www.iagos.org
Manchester 2016
Which do better the global models or the regional?
www.iagos.org
• Profiles for each flight • ENS for 4 days • ALL models DAY0
• 3 monthly timeseries: ENS for 4 days • Daily timeseries – 4 days * 24 hours
• ENS at 4 forecast times • ALL models DAY0
• Daily Maps – Landing and take-off trajectories
• Website is planned
Manchester 2016
Regional Models: Monitoring Air Quality in Europe
www.iagos.org
Manchester 2016
Profiles of the Day: Emissions of CO in Europe
Stein et al., 2013
www.iagos.org
Gaudel et al., Tellus-B 2015
Reanalysis: Gradients in the UTLS
• Models tend to miss high CO in the UT and low CO in the LS • REAN does a better job at reproducing the mixing lines.• O3 and CO gradients around the tropopause are not necessarily better
reproduced by the model after assimilation
Manchester 2016
www.iagos.org
Manchester 2016
Regional Models: Monitoring Air Quality in Europe
SL> 950hPa; BL 950-850hPa; FT > 850hPa
GMC, Boulder, 17.-18.05.2016 34
www.iagos.org
Athens June 2016
WP5: Evaluation of Regional Models
Daily Timeseries: CO compared with Ensemble at Days 0-3
SL> 950hPa; BL 950-850hPa;FT > 850hPa
Underestimation of CO in Surface layer across Europe
www.iagos.org
WP5: Evaluation of Regional Models
Daily Timeseries: O3, CO compared with 7 models on Day 0
Athens June 2016
SL> 950hPaBL 950-850hPaFT > 850hPa
Much wider spread for O3 than for CO
www.iagos.org
Athens June 2016
Seasonal Timeseries: O3, CO compared with Ensemble on Days 0-3
WP5: Evaluation of Regional Models
SL> 950hPa: BL 950-850hPa: FT > 850hPa
www.iagos.org
WP5: Evaluation of Regional Models
Manchester 2016
Landing or Take-off profiles: O3, CO compared with ENS on Days 0-3
www.iagos.org
WP5: Evaluation of Regional Models
Athens June 2016
Landing or Take-off profiles: O3, CO compared with 7 models on Day 0
GMC, Boulder, 17.-18.05.2016 40
www.iagos.org
Manchester 2016
www.iagos.org
GMC, Boulder, 17.-18.05.2016 44
www.iagos.org
Warsaw 2017
IAGOS Global and European network
Ozone since 1994, CO since 2001 timeseries, UTLS climatogies – validation of CAMS reanalysis
Landing/take off profiles worldwide –validation of global models
Landing/take off profiles over Europe –validation of regional models
www.iagos.orgIAGOS-CARIBIC : The flying lab
46
Does the IFS see the cut-off low
GMC, Boulder, 17.-18.05.2016 48
www.iagos.org
Manchester 2016
What is CAMS?• Europe’s eyes on the Earth
• The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service provides the capacity to continuously monitor the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere at global and regional scales.
• Follows on from GMES Global Monitoring for Environment and Security; MACC – Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate
• Daily information on the global atmospheric composition by monitoring and forecasting constituents greenhouse gases, reactive gases, ozone and aerosols.
• Daily production of near-real-time analyses and forecasts of global atmospheric composition
• Global Reanalyses for tracking atmospheric composition over several years
• Daily production of near-real-time European air quality analyses and forecasts with a multi-model ensemble system
• Products to support policy users, adding value to “raw” data products in order to deliver information products in a form adapted to policy applications and policy-relevant work
www.iagos.org
• Profiles each flight • ENS at 4 forecast times• ALL models DAY0
• 3 monthly timeseries: ENS at 4 forecast times• Daily timeseries
• ENS at 4 forecast times • ALL models DAY0
• Daily Maps – All flights landing and taking off at each airport superimposed on regional model grid
Athens June 2016
WP5: Summary of Routine plots
www.iagos.org
Athens June 2016
Status of Fleet and Operation
• 6 aircraft with IAGOS CORE rack (O3, CO, H2O, BCP)– 2 DLH, 1 AFR, 1 CAL, 1 CPA, 1 IBE
• 1 (DLH) with Package 2b (NOx) or Package 2a (NOy)• 7th a/c to be equipped in July 2016 (CAL)• 8th and 9th a/c in 2017 (CAL and AFR)• Negotiations with HAL for installation in 2017=> 10 a/c equipped in 2017• STC for Package 2d (GHGs) in progress at EASA• IAGOS-CARIBIC container under major revision for
installation of new and improved instruments
GMC, Boulder, 17.-18.05.2016 52
www.iagos.org
Athens June 2016
Daily Timeseries: O3 compared with Ensemble at Days 0-3(IAGOS data are uncalibrated)
SL> 950hPa; BL 950-850hPa; FT > 850hPaimprovement in forecast at Day0 Good example of diurnal cycle in surface layer
Regional Models: Monitoring Air Quality in Europe
www.iagos.org
Manchester 2016
Time Series: Underestimation of CO in Europe
ECMWF’s C-IFS-CB05, MACC city Anthropogenic Emissions – too low especially over Europe in winter Stein et al 2014.
Osuite: (operational) with Assimilation Control: without assimilation
Frankfurt O3 Frankfurt CO Taipei O3 Taipei CO