ias 1r- presentation of financial statements introduction...

IAS 1R- Presentation of Financial Statements Introduction to IFRS / Ind AS

IAS 1R- Presentation of financial statements

The objective of this Standard is to prescribe the basis for presentation of

general purpose financial statements, to ensure comparability both with the

entity's financial statements of previous periods and with the financial

statements of other entities. To achieve this objective, this Standard sets out

overall requirements for the presentation of financial statements, guidelines for

their structure and minimum requirements for their content.

Objective

Presentation of financial statements

• An entity whose financial statements comply with IFRSs shall make an explicit and

unreserved statement of such compliance in the notes. An entity shall not describe financial statements as complying with IFRSs unless they comply with all the

requirements of IFRSs.

• An entity cannot rectify inappropriate accounting policies either by disclosure of the

accounting policies used or by notes or explanatory material.

• In the extremely rare circumstances in which management concludes that

compliance with a requirement in an IFRS would be so misleading that it would

conflict with the objective of financial statements set out in the Framework, the entity

shall depart from that requirement. However the entity is required to make specific

disclosures prescribed under IAS 1R

Fair presentation and compliance


When an entity applies an accounting policy retrospectively or makes a retrospective

restatement of items in its financial statements, or when it reclassifies items in its

financial statements, the entity is required to disclose a statement of financial position

as at the beginning of the earliest comparative period.

Comparative information

• Comparatives required for all numerical information

• Comparatives required for narrative and descriptive information when it is relevant to an understanding of the current period’s financial statement

• Additional statement of financial position


A complete set of financial statements comprises

• The primary statements

- Statement of financial position for the period end

- Statement of comprehensive income for the period

- Statement of changes in equity for the period

- Statement of cash flows for the period

• Notes, including summary of accounting policies and other explanatory information

Components of financial statements

An entity may use titles for the statements other than those prescribed in IAS 1R, however the titles used shall not be misleading.

All primary statements of equal prominence


Statement of Financial Position

Basis of presentation

Classified Balance sheet An entity shall present current and non-current asset, and current and non- current liability as separate classification on the face of the statement of financial position Exception to above rule • When a presentation based on liquidity provides information that is reliable

and more relevant. • All assets and liabilities are required to be presented in the order of liquidity. Choice driven by type of business

• Manufacturers and retailers → current/non-current basis

• Financial institutions, banks and real estate companies → liquidity basis


Current vs. Non-current Classification

Current asset Current liability

Expected to be realised, sold or consumed

within entity’s normal operating cycle

Expected to be settled within entity’s normal operating cycle

Held primarily for trading purposes Held primarily for trading purposes

Expected to be realised within 12 months after

balance sheet date

Expected to be settled within 12 months after

balance sheet date

Unrestricted cash or cash equivalent No unconditional right to defer settlement for

at least 12 months after balance sheet date

An entity shall classify all

other assets as

non-current.

An entity shall classify all

other liabilities as

non-current.



Operating cycle

Definition

“the operating cycle of an entity is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents” • Items realised, sold or consumed within operating cycle are current items

• Operating cycle may be more than 12 months



• Property, plant and equipment

• Investment property

• Intangible assets

• Financial assets (other than those shown on other line items)

• Investments accounted for using the equity method

• Biological assets

• Inventories

• Trade and other receivables

• Cash and cash equivalents

• Held for sale assets and assets included in disposal groups

• Trade and other payables

• Provisions

• Financial liabilities (other than those shown on other line items)

• Current tax assets and liabilities

• Deferred tax assets and liabilities

• Liabilities included in disposal groups

• Minority interest

• Issued capital and reserves attributable to owners of the parent

Minimum line items

An entity shall present additional line items, headings and subtotals in the statement of financial

position when such presentation is relevant to an understanding of the entity's financial position.



Statement of Comprehensive Income

An entity shall present all items of income and expense recognised in a period

• in a single statement of comprehensive income, or

• in two statements:

– a statement displaying components of profit or loss (separate income statement) and

– a second statement beginning with profit or loss and displaying components of other comprehensive income (statement of comprehensive income).

Basis of presentation



Application of the requirement to analyse expenses

• Choose most relevant presentation analysis method by:

- Function - usually used by manufacturers, retailers, etc.

- Nature - usually used by financial institutions, etc.

• If analysis by function is provided, additional note disclosures analysing the nature of expenses is required



• Revenue

• Finance costs

• Share of profit or loss of associates and joint ventures

• Tax expense

• Discontinued operations

• Profit or loss

• Profit or loss attributable to:

- Minority interest

- Owners of the parent

• Each component of other comprehensive income by nature

• Share of other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures

• Total comprehensive income attributable to:

- Minority interest

- Owners of the parent

Minimum line items

An entity shall not present any items of income or expense as extraordinary items



Additional line items, headings and sub-totals

• Required when relevant to an understanding of performance

• Description and order of line items amended where necessary to explain elements of performance

• Framework qualitative characteristics of financial statements

- Understandability

- Relevance

- Reliability

- Comparability

• Undefined terms may be used where relevant to an understanding (subject to meeting qualitative characteristics)


Other Comprehensive Income (‘OCI’)

• Changes in revaluation surplus (on account of PPE and intangibles)

• Actuarial gains and losses on defined benefit plans recognised in full in equity, if the entity elects the option available under IAS 19

• Gains and losses arising from translation of a foreign operation

• Gains and losses on re-measuring available-for-sale financial assets

• Effective portion of gains and losses on hedging instruments in a cash flow hedge.

Items of income and expense are recognised in profit or loss unless standards

prescribe or permit otherwise.

Components of Other Comprehensive Income

Components of OCI shall be presented either net of related taxes or at gross of

related tax with one amount representing aggregate amount of income tax relating to

those components.

All non-owners change in equity are recognised in OCI


Other Comprehensive Income (‘OCI’)

‘Recycling’ of other comprehensive income

Items Recycled under

IFRS? Remarks

Revaluation of PPE and intangible assets

No Decrease can only be recognised in OCI if they reverse previous increments for the same asset

Actuarial gains/losses on defined benefit plans (optional)

No Immediate recognition in retained earnings

FX gains/losses from the translation of foreign operations

Yes Transfer to P&L required

Gain/losses on revaluation of available-for-sale financial assets

Yes Transfer to P&L required

Effective portion of gains/losses from cash flow hedges

Yes Transfer to P&L or include in cost/carrying amount of non-financial asset or liability (basis adjustment)

Reclassifications (‘recycling’) - as required by standards items previously recognised in OCI shall be transferred to Statement of Comprehensive Income


Two statement, by function of expense


Statement of changes in shareholders’ equity

• This statement shows movements/ transactions during the reporting period that have

affected the shareholders’ equity.

• It is generally tabular in approach with the various categories of equity across the top

common shares, additional paid-in capital, retained earnings, other reserves.

• The transactions are listed line by line and include amongst others – net income for

the year, cumulative translation adjustments (if applicable), issue of shares,

dividends paid, other movements in shares.

• The outcome is a reconciliation in the movement of each category of shareholder’s equity from one period to the next.


Statement of changes in shareholders’ equity


Notes to financial statements

Notes to financial statements comprise of:

• Background of the Company

• Significant accounting policies

• Accounting estimates

• Changes in accounting policies

• Concentration of risks

• Schedule of individual material items on B/s, I/s, CF and Sh Equity

• Explanation of material transaction e.g., acquisition, disposal.

• Recently issued pronouncements and their implications


Significant differences between IFRS and IND AS

• Single statement of profit and loss

• Statement of changes in equity

• Classification of expenses recognized in profit and loss


IAS 1R- Presentation of financial statements IAS 7 – Cash flow statements

Statement of cash flows

Cash and cash equivalents

• Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid

investments that are readily convertible to

known amounts of cash and so near their

maturity that they present insignificant risk of

changes in value because of changes in

interest rates.

• Generally, only investments with original

maturities of three months or less qualify as

cash equivalents. They may also include

bank overdrafts. Under Indian GAAP bank

overdrafts are excluded from cash and cash

equivalents

• Examples: fixed deposits, Treasury bills,

commercial paper etc.

• Requires disclosure of policy used for

determining items treated as ‘cash equivalents’

Cash flow statements

Statement of cash flows

Direct versus Indirect Method

• Enterprise may choose to report the cash flow from operating activity by using

either the direct or the indirect method

• Reconciliation of net income and net cash flow from operating activity is required to

be provided if the direct method is used

Net Cash provided by or used in:

• Operating activities

• Investing activities

• Financing activities

• Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalent


Significant differences between IFRS and IND AS

• Classification of interest and dividend

• Other additional disclosures


IAS 1R- Presentation of financial statements IAS 8 – Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates & errors

Introduction

IFRS

IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors

Indian GAAP

AS 5 Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting

Policies

Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates & errors

• Prescribed Standard or Interpretation – IFRS, IAS, IFRIC, SIC

• Any relevant Implementation Guidance issued by the IASB for the Standard or

Interpretation – (technically not a part of the standards)

• Guidance for similar or related issue

• Framework of IFRS

• Most recent pronouncements of other standard-setting bodies

• Other accounting literature and accepted industry practices

• Onus on management - select policy to make financials relevant & reliable

Selection of Accounting Policy - Hierarchy


Accounting policies change: retrospective application

Accounting estimate change: Prospective application

• Change in depreciation method = prospective

Correction of errors: retrospective application

Management cannot assert compliance with IFRS if financial statements does

not comply with all prescribed accounting standards

What’s the big change?


Change in Accounting Policy

Following are not changes in accounting policies:

Accounting policy for transactions that differ in substance from those previously occurring; and

Application of a new accounting policy for transactions that did not occur previously or were immaterial.

Retrospective application to all prior periods unless impracticable

- Change in inventory valuation method (i.e., from LIFO to FIFO)

- Change in method of amortizing actuarial gains and losses

- Change in method of presenting the statement of cash flows (i.e., direct vs. indirect)


Correction of Error in previously Issued Financial Statements

Errors discovered subsequent to issuance of financial statement reported as a prior-

period adjustment by restating previously issued financial statements.

Example

• Corrections of mistakes in the application of IFRS

• Corrections of mathematical mistakes

• Oversight or misuse of facts that existed at the time the financial statements were

prepared.


Thank You

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