Ibn Soulaymane Arrassmouki Unit 9: GRAMMAR Technical High School Wishes / Conditionals (Review) I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form, making conditional Type 2 sentences:

1. If we (have) …………….. a yacht, we (sail) …………….. the seven seas.

= We don’t have a yacht. We can’t sail the seven seas.

2. If he (have) …………….. more time, he (learn) …………….. karate.

= He doesn’t have more time. He can’t learn Karate.

3. If they (tell) …………….. their father, he (be) …………….. very angry.

4. She (spend) …………….. a year in the USA if it (be) …………….. easier to get a green card.

5. We (help) …………….. you if we (know) …………….. how.

6. My brother (buy) …………….. a sports car if he (have) …………….. the money.

7. If I (feel) …………….. better, I (go) …………….. to the cinema with you.

8. If you (go) …………….. by bike more often, you (be / not) …………….. so flabby.

9. She (not / talk) …………….. to you if she (be) …………….. mad at you.

II. I wish things were different! Make sentences using 'wish' or 'if only' + past simple or would/could + infinitive to refer to things you wish were different now or in the near future (Present/Future Wishes) . You can put in 'that' if you want.

1. I don’t have a car. I wish (that) I had a car. If only I had a car.

2. I can't play the piano. I wish (that) I could play piano. If only I could play piano.

3. I'm at work. …………………………………………..…………………………………………..

4. It's winter. …………………………………………..…………………………………………..

5. I'm ill. …………………………………….…………..……………………………………..

6. I can't afford to go on holiday. ………………………….……………..……………………………………..

7. I don't have time to read lots of books. ……………………………..……………………………………….

8. My laptop is broken. ………………………………………….….……………………………………..

9. We will have a test this afternoon. …………………….…………..……………………………

10. I won’t be able to go to my best friend’s party. …………...………….……….…..……………

11. The kids make a lot of noise. ………………….………….…..…………………………………

12. People throw rubbish everywhere. ……………………..………………………………………

III. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form, making conditional Type 3 sentences: Remember, these are all past situations. You’re just imagining how the results would/could have been different if certain conditions were met.

1. If you (study) …………….. for the test, you (pass) …………….. it. (But you didn’t study for the test)

2. If you (ask) …………….. me, I (help) …………….. you. (But you didn’t ask me)

3. If we (go) …………….. to the cinema, we (see) …………….. my friend Jacob.

4. If you (speak) …………….. English, she (understand) …………….. .

5. If they (listen) …………….. to me, we (be) …………….. home earlier.

6. I (write) …………….. you a postcard if I (have) …………….. your address.

7. If I (not / break) …………….. my leg, I (take part) …………….. in the contest.

8. If it (not/ start) …………….. to rain, we (walk) …………….. to the museum.

9. We (swim) …………….. in the sea if there (not / be) …………….. so many sharks there.

10. If she (take) …………….. the bus, she (not / arrive) …………….. on time.

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IV. I wish things had been different! Make sentences using 'wish' or 'if only' + past perfect or would/could + have + past participle to refer to things you regret or wish were different in the past (Past Wishes/Regrets) . You can put in 'that' if you want.

1. I didn’t have a car. I wish (that) I had had a car. If only I had had a car.

2. I didn’t play the piano. ……………………………...……………………..……………..……………

3. I was ill yesterday . ………………….…………………..…...…..……………………………………..

4. I couldn't afford to go on holiday last year. …………….……………..……………………………..

5. I didn’t have time to read lots of books. …………………………..………………………………….

6. My laptop was broken. ………………………………..………….……………………………………..

7. I didn't sleep very well last night. ……………………….………..………….…………………………

8. I didn't go out with my friends last weekend. ………………………………..………….………………

Ibn Soulaymane Arrassmouki Unit 10: BRAIN DRAIN Technical High School Unit Introduction / Reading

Read the passage about Brain Drain and do the exercises below:

Brain drain is the departure of educated or talented people for better pay or jobs elsewhere. The term originated around 1960 when many British scientists and intellectuals immigrated to the United States for better working conditions.

Economically speaking, brain drain or human capital flight, refers to the emigration of trained and talented individuals to other nations because of political or social conflicts and lack of job opportunities. It parallels the term “capital flight” which refers to financial capital that is no longer invested in the country where its owner lived and earned it.

When a highly qualified professional chooses to leave his home country for another, he does so for one or several legitimate political or economic reasons: peace and security for himself and his family, job satisfaction, better pay and conditions, a higher standard of living, etc. Throughout history, countries and centres of academic excellence which offer these attractions have received the largest numbers of professional migrants and these have, in turn, made substantial contributions, not only to the economic growth of their host countries but also to the scientific and technological advancement of humanity. The loss of such big number of skilled immigrants results in huge losses that are very difficult to compensate for even in long years to come. Brain drain is actually affecting the economies and social structures of a country, especially the emerging countries that have to do everything they can to stop this phenomenon. It is the responsibility of both governments and individuals to try harder to stop the flow of highly skilled people from their own countries resulting in a loss of human capital that affects each and every society.

A. Are these statements true or false? Justify your answer.

1) Brain drain and human capital flight refer to the same concept. (mean the same thing) ……………...

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2) Brain drain has negative effects on emigrants’ home countries. …………………….……………………………

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B. Answer these questions from the text

1) What are the causes of Brain drain mentioned in the text?…………………………………….……………………

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2) How do professional immigrants affect their host countries?………………………………………..…………….

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3) In your opinion, how can we stop brain drain?…………………………………………………………………..……….

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C. Find in the text words meaning the same as:

1) Leaving (paragraph 1): ……………………………………………………………….……………………………

2) Valid (paragraph 3): …………………………………………………………………………………………………

BRAIN DRAIN

D. What do the underlined words in the text refer to?

3) It: (paragraph 2) ……………………………………………………...……………………

4) These: (paragraph 3) ……………………………………………………………………

E. In short, what is meant by brain drain? ……………………………………………..…………………….

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F. There are two types of causes of brain drain:

1) Pull Factors: The negative factors in the home country that push skilled and educated people to

leave their country.

2) Push Factors: The positive factors that attract skilled and educated people to another country.

Fill in the following chart with the appropriate causes of brain Drain:

1. Low wages and salaries 2. Better working conditions 3. Lack of satisfactory working conditions. 4.Social unrest, political conflicts and wars. 5. Higher wages and income 6. Declining quality of educational system 7.Lack of research and other facilities including support staff 8. Sustainable funds for research, advanced technology and modern facilities 9. Discrimination in appointments and promotions 10. Unsatisfactory living conditions 11. Political stability 12. Intellectual freedom.

Pull Factors Push Factors

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G. It’s brain drain for home countries and brain gain for host ones. Write more effects of brain drain; positive effects (for host countries) and negative effects (for home countries).

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Ibn Soulaymane Arrassmouki Unit 10: Vocabulary Technical High School BRAIN DRAIN

Task 1. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the box:

departure – Africa – home – asylum – individual freedom – research facilities – doctors and engineers – low – researchers – jobless – qualified

1. More than 700 Moroccan …………………………… at the doctoral level and above work in the French National Center for Research, as a result of lack of research funds and ……..… ………………………………… back home.

2. According to the official statistics, …………………………… wages and the absence of

suitable working conditions lead to the …………………………… of hundreds of …………………………… from Asian and …………………………… countries, towards the United States or Europe; which results in a huge loss of …………………………… and experienced manpower for the …………………………… countries.

3. Because of political and military conflicts in the region, many Iraqi and Syrian scientists

and intellectuals have become refugees. Now some of them are seeking political ……………………………, most favorably in European countries where they can enjoy …………………………… and political stability.

Task 2. Define home and host countries in relation to brain drain:

Task 3. Here are more reasons why people might choose to emigrate. Put them under the appropriate headings

1. Better weather

2. War or other armed conflict

3. Disease

4. Famine or drought

5. Lower taxes

6. Lack of employment opportunities

7. Political stability

8. Better education facilities

9. Poverty

10. Better medical facilities

11. Political corruption

12. Religious fundamentalism / religious intolerance

13. Natural disasters

14. Better availability of employment

15. National prestige

16. Discontent with the natives, such as frequent

harassment, bullying, and abuse

17. Disagreement with politics

18. Lack of various rights

19. Goal of spreading one's own culture and religion

20. Higher incomes

21. Better behavior among people

22. Religious tolerance

23. Relative freedom

Home country

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Host country (foreign)

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_conflicthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faminehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droughthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_corruptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_fundamentalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harassmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abusehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion

Push Factors Pull Factors

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Task 4. Now complete the spider gram below with reasons that make highly qualified people leave their home countries and head towards more developed countries. (write at least 2 reasons under each heading/category)

Task 5. In your opinion, what do you think developing countries should do to make their highly qualified professionals stay and work for the development of their home countries?

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Why skilled

people emigrate?

Political reasons

Escape ………………..…………

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Personal reasons. To seek …………………………

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Economic reasons

Look for ………………………..

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Social reasons

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2nd Year Bac Grammar Review Worksheet Unit 9 Wishes & Conditional Sentences.pdf2nd Year Bac UNIT 10 BRAIN DRAIN VOCABULARY & READING (WORKSHEET 1).pdf2nd Year Bac Unit 10 Brain Drain Vocabulary (Worksheet).pdfPHOTO-2020-04-09-09-32-25 2PHOTO-2020-04-09-09-32-25 3PHOTO-2020-04-09-09-32-25 4PHOTO-2020-04-09-09-32-25 5PHOTO-2020-04-09-09-33-25PHOTO-2020-04-09-09-34-02 2PHOTO-2020-04-09-09-34-02PHOTO-2020-04-09-09-35-05 2PHOTO-2020-04-09-09-35-05