icam training june 2012 en (edited)

7/31/2019 ICAM Training June 2012 en (Edited)

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Course Notes

ICAM TRAINING SOC TRANG JUNE 2012

Group photo in front of the GIZ Soc Trang office


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Lecturers:

Dr. Nguyen Minh SonDeputy Director,Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology

Mr. Le Van ThuDeputy Director,Provincial Agency for Seas, Islands and Lagoons, DONRE Thua Thien Hue

Mrs. Pham Thi ChinDanang ICM Project Management Office,DONRE Danang

ICAM training agenda

Day 1 June 28th

Presenter

8:00 - 8:30 Registration

8:30 - 8:40 Welcoming Remarks Dr. Klaus Schmitt

8:40 - 9:40 Module 1:The imperatives of ICM Le Van Thu

9:40 10:00 TEA BREAK

10:00 10:45 Module 2: Concept and principles of ICM Pham Thi Chin

10:45 11:30 Module 3: Sustainable Development Framework through ICM Nguyen Minh Son

11:30 13:00 LUNCH BREAK

13:00 13:45 Module 4: ICM program implementation cycle Le Van Thu

13:45 14:30 Module 5: Preparing an ICM program Pham Thi Chin

Day 2 June 29th

Presenter

8:30 9:15 Module 6: Initiating an ICM program Nguyen Minh Son

9:15 9:45Module 7: How ICM strengthened coastal governance inDanang

Pham Thi Chin

9:45 10:00 TEA BREAK

10:00 11:30 Module 8: Development of ICM tools Nguyen Minh Son

11:30 12:00 Open Discussion

12:00 13:30 LUNCH BREAK

13:30 14:30Module 9: Experiences with ICM implementation in Thua ThienHue

Le Van Thu

14:30 14:45 TEA BREAK

14:45 16:15 Open Discussion

16:15 16:30 Closing speech Dr. Klaus Schmitt


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Participant list of the ICAM training on 28-29.06.2012

No. Name Organisation

1 Ch Th Bch Trm DONRE

2 o Cng Chng Vnh Chu DPT

3 Hong nh Quc V Coordinator of Vnh Chu Project Team4 Hunh Ngc Ton DO Finance

5 Lm Th Thanh Dim DONRE

6 Lm Vn B Trn Vice president-Head of T project team

7 L Thy My Nng CLD project team

8 L Vn Bo Office for Planning-Finance, Vnh Chu town

9 Ng Vn Phc Interdisciplinary planning Team Marine Resources Division-DONRE

10 Nguyn c Hong Interdisciplinary planning Team Forest ProtectionDepartment

11 Nguyn Quang Nam Sub Department of Water resources

12 Nguyn Thanh Phng Women's Union

13 Nguyn Th Kim Trn Sub. DONRE

14 Nguyn Th Mng Thng Trn Women's Union

15 Nguyn Th Phng DO Investing and Planning

16 Nguyn Trng Giang CLD project team

17 Nguyn Vn Li Border Military

18 Nguyn Vn Nam C Lao Dung Sub. DONRE

19 Phm Th Hng Vnh Chu Women's Union

20 Phm Vn Vng Coordinator of Trn Project Team

21 T Th Thu Vn Interdisciplinary planning Team Aquaculture Sub-department22 Trm Trng Thnh DO Transport

23 Trn Hong Dng Interdisciplinary planning Team Sub-DECAFIREP

24 Trn L Hng C Lao Dung Women's Union

25 Trn Ngc Tng Interdisciplinary planning Team Sub-NAFIQAD

26 Trn Thanh Hin DO Industry and Trade

27 Trn Vn Hng DO Culture, Sports and Tourism - S VH-TT-DL

28 Triu Thy Thanh Tho Interdisciplinary planning Team DARD

29 Trng Vn Khi Sub Department of Water resource - Chi cc Thy li

30 V Vn Dn Vnh Chu Sub. DONRE

31 Nguyn Anh Dng GIZ32 Phm Thy Dng GIZ

Note - taker: Pham Thuy Duong

Soc Trang, August 2012


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Contents

ICAM training agenda ......................................................................................................................... 2

Participant list of the ICAM training on 28-29.06.2012 ....................................................................... 3

1. The imperatives of ICM ....................................................................................................................... 5

2. Concept and principles of ICM ............................................................................................................ 7

3. Sustainable coastal development framework through ICM ............................................................... 12

4. ICM program implementation cycle ................................................................................................... 14

5. Preparing an ICM program ................................................................................................................ 16

6. Initiating an ICM program .................................................................................................................. 19

7. Zonation in ICM ................................................................................................................................. 24

8. Case studies ...................................................................................................................................... 28

Summary notes on issues of Soc Trangs Coasts discussed by participants working groups ........ 35


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1. The imperatives of ICM

Importance of marine and coastal ecosystems - Marine and coastal zones are the most populatedareas and are among the highest productivity ecosystems in the world, with diverse natural resources,such as mangrove forests, coral reefs, seagrass, oil and gas, and minerals, and can produce tidal andwave energy They also provide us with many essential ecosystem functions and services (fig. 1).

Threats to coastal ecosystems - Human activities, particularly unsustainable exploitation of naturalresources and economic development (industrial/ agricultural/ aquaculture/ marine transportation/fishing), are the main causes of degradation and pollution of coastal areas. Moreover, urbanizationand a high population with a high growth rate also create pressure on the environment and naturalresources.

Figure 1. Marine and coastal ecosystem services (Source: PEMSEA)

Coastal zones are also vulnerable to climate change, sea level rise and natural processes/disasterssuch as storm surges, erosion and saline intrusion. There are coastal multi-sectoral conflicts such as

industry vs. tourism, reclamation vs. mangrove protection, and shipping vs. fishing/aquaculture.

In terms of management and institutions, limitations can be: poor law enforcement, no land use andwater use planning orzonation, lack of stakeholder participation in policy planning and implementation,lack of coordination, limited budget or inefficient use of finances, limited capacity, lack of information,low public awareness, insufficient, or lack of, alignment between policies and laws.

The threats and limitations described can result in negative impacts on coastal areas, such as:declining biodiversity and biological productivity, changing in river regimes, water pollution(ecological); increasing cost for health protection, social services, maintaining and repairinginfrastructure (economic); unemployment, declining income, number of days worked and productivity(social).

Ecosystem

Services

Provisioning

Services

Renewable

Goods

Food Water

Energy Medicines

Building

materials

Non-renewable

goods

Oil and gas

Sand and gravel

Marine minerals

Cultural, Research

& Education

Tourism,

Leisure,

Recreation

& Research

Regulating and

Supporting Services

Biological

processes

Nutrient andcarbon

cycles

Waste

processing

Carbon

sequestration

Spawning &

Nursery grounds

Hazard

prevention

Flood and storm

Protection

Erosion Control

Maritime

transport


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In order to reduce the negative impacts on coastal areas by human and natural processes, and to

resolve conflicts for sustainable coastal development, we need to apply an integrated management

approach.

ICAM implementation in Vietnam and the region

In Vietnam, Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) has co-operated with theVietnam Environmental Protection Agency (VEPA) in the implementation of ICAM inDa Nang since 1998. From 2001 to 2005, the VNICZM program was implemented in Hue, Nam Dinhand Ba Ria Vung Tau. Vietnam Administration for Seas and Islands (VASI) has also developed ICAMin Quang Ninh province. According to Decision No. 158/QD-TTg of 09.10.2007, the ICAM programwould be implemented in 28 coastal provinces (including Soc Trang) up to 2025. PEMSEAs ICMprograms that have been implemented in East Asia, from demonstration to replication, are shown infigure 2.

Figure 2. The Sea of East Asia and PEMSEA sites 9 ICM demonstration sites, 20 ICM parallel sitesand 5 pollution hotspots (Source: PEMSEA)

Integrated coastal management (ICM) has proven to be an effective tool for national and localgovernments, providing a comprehensive and holistic approach to solving the many conflictinguses of coastal and marine resources. ICM is a process that encourages all stakeholders toplan, develop and implement a management program designed to achieve the sustainabledevelopment of coastal and marine resources, as well as adjacent watersheds.

PEMSEA established nine demonstration sites, covering a total of 917 km of coastline and15,118km2 of land and sea areas. The inherent flexibility of ICM enables it to be re-createdand adopted by local communities, as well as larger administrative regions, to fit thecomplexity and urgency of issues being addressed.

Learning from the experience of the demonstration sites, 20 other local government units inthe region began to replicate the ICM programs. (Source: PEMSEA)


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2. Concept and principles of ICM

ICM is a resource and environmental management framework with an integrated and comprehensiveapproach, and a participatory planning process,r to solve complicated coastal management issues.Through integrated planning, which links coastal land and the sea, ICM overcomes the limitations of asingular sectoral territorial management approach. As a dynamic process, ICM requires active and

continuous participation of local communities and relevant stakeholders in the allocation of coastalresources and in solving conflicts from multi-sectoral uses. The ultimate goal of ICM is achievingsustainable development of the coastal areas. ICM aims to strengthen the capacity and effectivenessof coastal management for the sustainable use of coastal resources and ecosystem services, and toprotect the functional integrity of coastal resource systems in conjunction with economic development.

Figure 3. Coastal areas are characterized with high population, diverse socio-economic activities,complex environmental issues and conflicts of multi-sectoral uses. (Source: Ms. Chin)

Main objectives of ICM to achieve sustainable development

Reducing/ solving multi-sectoral use conflicts

Maintaining ecosystem functions and services

Meeting local interests

Mobilizing participation of relevant stakeholders

Strengthening co-operation Strengthening local management capacity

Improving the multi-sectoral co-ordination mechanism

Enhancing the integration of policy and functionality


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ICM is considered as an essential tool forachieving sustainable coastal development.Figure 4 shows progress from non-sustainabledevelopment (Issues of environmentaldegradation, resource depletion and multiple

resource-use conflict) towards sustainabledevelopment (protection of environment andbiodiversity, sustainable use of resources,minimization of resource use conflicts, andimproved quality of life).

Actions needed are organizing, consolidating ofinstitutions and laws, awareness-raising,mobilizing communities, attracting investment,investigating, policy and decision-making.

Process involves the steps of problemidentification, planning, implementing, monitoring

and evaluating.

To achieve ICM, three fundamental ICMprinciples are applied, and they are: adaptivemanagement, integration & coordination andecosystem-based management (fig. 5).

Figure 5. The three main principles for ensuring sustainability of ICM

The hierarchy of sustainable development principles applied to ICM is shown in figure 6, in whichsustainable coastal development serves as a general principle.

Complementary strategies to these fundamental principles for an efficient management framework arepractical principles of administrative and institutional reformation, common vision, public awareness-raising, participation of stakeholders, capacity building, financial allocation, monitoring and evaluation,and replication of ICM.

Under these practical principles are technical tools such as management analysis, co-ordinationmechanisms, risk assessment, environmental impact assessment (EIA), stakeholder analysis, cost-

Adaptivemanagement

Integration& Co-

ordination

Ecosystem-based

management

Figure 4. Progress towards sustainabledevelopment (Source: Ms. Chins)


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benefit analysis, legal tools (sea and land-use planning, resource allocation) and economic tools(subsidies, quotas, priorities).

Figure 6. Hierarchy of sustainable development principles

ICM provides an efficient alternative management system, with identification and consideration of therelationship between ecosystems and stakeholders. Thus, ICM ensures dynamic responses ofeconomic, social and political factors to pressures on sea and coastal natural resources.

Factors contributing to successful ICM are: local capacity, political commitment, multi-disciplinary

cooperation, effective financial mechanisms, local champions and effective human resourcemanagement.

FoodSecurity

CommunityHealth

Decentralization Publicity

ConflictResolution

InformationSharing

Transparencyprinciple

Responsibilityprinciple

Participatoryprinciple

ResourceAssessment

EIA & otherEnvironmental

Regulation

Polluter Paysprinciple

Precautionaryprinciple

BiodiversityConservation

DevelopmentRights

EfficientManagement

InternationalCo-operation

Hunger andPoverty

Alleviation

EnvironmentProtection

SustainableDevelopment

Intragenerationand

Intergeneration

Equality

Integration and

Co-ordination

Ecosystem based

Management

Adaptive

Management

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4


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Adaptive management

Adaptive management is a process of planning, implementation, evaluation, adjustment and re-doingwhich is repeated in order to achieve the goals (fig. 7).

Figure 7. The adaptive management cycle (Source: CSIRO)

Adaptive management is a systematic process to continuously improve policies and practicalmanagement by learning from the results of previous policies and practices.

Adaptive management shows how to adjust an action plan in order to meet current specific localsituations, issues and interests.

Adaptive management requires a willingness to conduct policy and management responses tounpredictable impacts. These impacts are often the result of changes in ecosystems or institutionalconditions, which can cause obstacles for ICM initiatives.

Integration and co-ordination

Integration is to ensure that:

Policies and management activities of related sectors in ICM fit together.

Improvement of policies and management activities is based on consultation with scientists.

Various interdisciplinary activities are co-ordinated and adjusted to promote the replication ofpractical management.

There are three aspects of integration, which are: integration of systems, integration of functionalityand integration of policy. The Coastal zone is a unified resource system in which its components arenot separated or fragmented (integration of land and sea and environmental and social components).It is an interacting system of natural and social factors and between biological and non-biologicalprocesses.

The Coastal zone is a multi-function zone, thus its uses should be in accord with its functions andwithin its limits (integration of resource use, space use, land use).


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Integration of policy, in both vertical and horizontal dimensions, means integration of different levels,sectors and stakeholders; integration of management policies with management activities; andintegration of theory and practice.

These three aspects of integration cannot be achieved without co-ordination. Co-ordination is anaction tool to achieve efficiency and cost-saving for different management and policy interventions

towards set objectives. This can be done by avoiding overlap, properly arranging activities andsharing knowledge and resources. A co-ordination mechanism can be in the form of a multi-disciplinary organization, or a multi-disciplinary co-ordination board at central or local levels. Co-ordination is to ensure integration principles are applied, to solve multi-disciplinary and inter-localproblems, and to attract stakeholder participation and to maintain sustained operations.

Management of coastal ecosystems will be effective if the efforts of related managementorganizations are co-ordinated and integrated. As opposed to singular-sectoral management, ICMconsiders inter-disciplinary impacts and multi-objective conflicts in the coastal zone.

Ecosystem-based approach

An Ecosystem is a system of organism populations that exist and develop in a certain environment,

and have interactions between each other and with the environment.

Ecosystem-based management is an integrated and scientific approach for resource management inorder to maintain quality, recovery and biodiversity of ecosystems, while allowing sustainable use oftheir products and services.

Ecosystem-based management is a process of integrating biological, social and economic factors intoa comprehensive strategy to protect and strengthen sustainability, biodiversity and productivity ofnatural resources.

An ecosystem-based approach focuses on the integrity of ecosystems so that they can provideessential products and services for human development. A management approach based onecosystem protection, shows that for effective ecosystem management, it is important to manage the

interaction between humans and the environment.

Sustainable Development Strategy of Seas of East Asia (SDS-SEA)

In 2003, 12 nations approved the SDS-SEA. The SDS-SEA focused on programmes related to theapplication of international environmental tools which instructed decision-makers and managementand provided a foundation for law/policy making and for programs/projects in the nations. The strategyreferred to

the relationship between socio-economic development and environmental protection relevantto East Asia seas;

the linkages between poverty alleviation, sustainable livelihood programs, natural disastervulnerability mitigation, long-term security, economic growth and the health of humans,ecosystems and natural resources;

inter-disciplinary, inter-organization, inter-government and inter-project co-operation forsustainable development of the region.

ICM overcomes disadvantages of a singular-sectoral approach to resource and

environmental management by:

strengthening awareness of the integrity of coastal resource systems

integrating ecological, social and economic information

promoting a multi-disciplinary approach to co-ordination and co-operation tosolve complex development issues.


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3. Sustainable coastal development framework through ICM

Based on 16 years of experience in ICM implementation in the East Asian region, PEMSEAdeveloped the Sustainable Development of Coastal Area (SDCA) Framework. The Framework iscomprised of 2 main components: Governance and Sustainable Development Aspects (Figure 8).

Figure 8. Framework for Sustainable Development of Coastal Areas through ICM (Source: PEMSEA)

The issues and challenges for the Governance component of the SDCA Framework are:

- Policy, strategies and plans lack of policy and strategy, competition among sectors onspace and resources, lack of vision for sustainable coastal development;

- Institutional arrangements lack of co-ordination, lack of commitment and interaction among

stakeholders in planning and implementation of plans and programs;- Legislation gaps and overlaps in legal documents, limitation in law enforcement;- Information and public awareness limited knowledge, low awareness;- Financing mechanisms competition among sectors on limited state budget, too many

priorities need to be invested;- Capacity development lack of human resources, weak skills, lack of training opportunities.

The main activities of the Governance component of the Framework are:

- Integrating policy and ICM strategies into detailed plans in order to create favorableconditions for financial funding for the environment, ecosystems protection and managementcapacity strengthening;

- Institutional arrangements to support inter-disciplinary co-operation and co-ordination;- Legislation to ensure integration in policy and functionality and providing a foundation for law

enforcement;


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- Building appropriate financial mechanisms for maintaining resource and environmentalmanagement;

- Creating an environment for consolidation and ICM capacity development.

ICM policy sets the ultimate goals and orientates actions, strategies and plans for the protection andmanagement of coastal resources and the environment. The making and approving of policies,

strategies and action plans should be based on an ICM foundation. ICM policies also need to considerinternational regulations and agreements that Vietnam is a signatory to.

Participation of local authorities is essential for ICM as it needs agreement and support from all levelsof local authority. Real consultation is needed to form appropriate institutional arrangements. Effectiveorganization must be accompanied by the preparation of related legal documents. A co-ordinationmechanism is essential for an ICM program/project (fig. 9).

Figure 9. Co-ordination mechanism in ICM

Legal documents supporting effective ICM implementation provide a legal basis for ICM actionprograms, enforcement and instruction for initiatives in ICM.

Dissemination of information and raising public awareness about ICM are essential. An effectivecommunication campaign can change stakeholders attitudes, mobilizing them and affecting decision-making, consolidating policy implementation and law enforcement. An increased understanding ofstakeholders on ICM leads to shared views on coastal management.

Creating sustainable financial resources is important to ensure sufficient, stable, long-term and self-sustained financial resources for resource and environmental protection. The identification offinance_generating mechanisms essential, for proper and timely financial allocation. An ICMprogram/project will have a stable and effective source of finances when it is institutionalized andintegrated into a local socio-economic development plan.

ICM requires working with different stakeholders and having knowledge related to coastal resourcesand the environment. Therefore, capacity development of professionals and managers is essential.

Capacity building can be developed through activities such as training classes, study tours to gain

Inter-disciplinary

co-ordination

mechanism

Sustainable

development council/

co-ordination board

Management

office

Technical

expert group

Benefits of establishment and institutionalization of a co-ordination mechanism Solving overlaps in responsibility

Identification of gaps in functionality Harmonizing the competitive benefits of different stakeholders

Ensuring appropriate integration of policy and management interventions

Providing policy consistency and co-ordination between different stakeholders


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political commitment, learning on the job, technical support (expert network, ICM practice center,etc).

A complete ICM program includes a management structure, projects/activities solving sustainabledevelopment issues, planning and implementing cycles, and monitoring and evaluation. Sustainabledevelopment aspects relate to activities/projects in natural and man-made hazard prevention and

management, habitat protection, restoration and management, water use and water supplymanagement, food security and livelihood management, pollution reduction and waste management.

4. ICM program implementation cycle

ICM can be deployed in any coastal zone, at any time. This is a spiral process and can be divided intodifferent cycles, from simple to complex. The time frame for an ICM cycle can be 5 10 years,depending on geographical scope, the extent of environmental issues, complexity of any managementissue, or local institutional and financial capacities. The time frame should be in accord with the 5 10year plans. To achieve set goals and visions, many ICM cycles may need to be repeated. In the newprogram, we should consider an expansion of the geographical scope (replication to other areas),

expansion of content and take into account the time frame.

The PEMSEAs ICM implementation cycle (fig. 10) shows how the SDCA framework is operated in aclear, stageg and cyclical manner. In this cycle, there are 6 steps: preparing (1), initiating (2),developing (3), adopting (4), implementing (5), refining and consolidating (6).

Figure 10. ICM implementation cycle (Source: PEMSEA)


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In the 1st step of the ICM approach, the main activities are: establishment of an organizationalstructure, particularly the co-ordination mechanism, action and budget planning, stakeholdersidentification and initial consultation, establishment of a project monitoring program, training of coreproject staff, a needs assessment for the State of the Coast (SOC) and an ICM legal framework.

In the 2nd step of initiating ICM, the main activities are: building an integrated information managementsystem (IIMS), preparing the State of the Coast report, building a coastal vision, drafting the ICMstrategy and action plan, raising public awareness, preparing a communication plan, developingcapacity and building stakeholder consensus. The State of the Coast report should show the naturaland socio-economic conditions for the coast, and identify coastal challenges and opportunities.

In the 3rd step of developing ICM, the main activities are: development of the ICM strategy andpreparation of a detailed action plan. For the completion of the ICM strategy, consultation of expertsand related stakeholders is needed. Then, after having received approval from the Provincial PeoplesCommittee, detailed action plans to implement the ICM strategy can be made. Again, these detailedaction plans need input from experts and related stakeholders. Building management mechanisms for

deploying the ICM strategy and action plan is essential. Institutional arrangements, co-ordination, andco-operation are needed for ensuring efficient use of time and finances. Coastal zonation planning isused as a tool to resolve conflicts involving coastal resource and space use. Integrated environmentalmonitoring is designed to monitor environmental changes and efficiency of management activities withthe co-operation of related organizations. Various investment options, and public-private partnershipare encouraged to ensure a sustainable financing mechanism.

In the 4th step of the ICM approach, its management structure, coastal policy, strategy, action planand funding mechanism are all approved. Important factors in the process are: communityparticipation, and agreement of stakeholders in supporting the adoption of the ICM strategy, actionplans and their implementation. If the head of the co-ordination board is the president or vice-president of the Peoples Committee, the consultation and adoption processes can be greatly

supported. Agreement and approval of local authorities will ensure financial allocation, mobilization ofresources, institutionalization of the co-ordination mechanism and integration of ICM into local socio-economic development plans.

In the 5th step of implementing ICM, co-ordination and management mechanisms are developed, legaldocuments supporting ICM are made and action plans are deployed. These action plans relate tocapacity building, environmental and resource management, institutional arrangements andsustainable financing for ICM. For these action plans to be successful, it is essential to integrate ICMinto the provincial socio-economic development plans and other related plans, as well as to integrateproject management into local management institutions through legislation. Capacity building,education and training should always be maintained. Moreover, developed action plans shouldmaintain their political support, and the interest and participation of stakeholders. Various financial

sources can be used to implement the activities.

Experiences and lessons learned from ICM implementation

There must be consistent and synchronous direction at all levels, sectors and localities. ICM should be integrated into the socio-economic development plans of all levels, sectors.

The Integration concept should be frequently disseminated and ICM capacity should beenhanced through strategy and the action plan implementation process.

There should be plans for monitoring, evaluation and modification in an ICM cycle.

Implementation of ICM and its action plan are the job of all in a society. This is establishedthrough the process of building the strategy and action plan.

Enlisting all resources in the implementation of the strategy and action plan (local, central,international, private sources, unions, etc).


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In the 6th step of ICM, refining and consolidating, based on monitoring results and comparisons withset criteria, goals and objectives, the outcomes and impacts of ICM program are evaluated. Thedatabase for the integrated information management system (IIMS) and State of the Coast (SOC)information are updated. The ICM strategy, action plans, institutional arrangements, financialmechanisms, resources and capacities are refined and adjusted. Goals, approaches and activities are

reviewed for the next cycle, targeting ICM recognition and certification in the process.

5. Preparing an ICM program

Preparation for an ICM program involves building a project management structure, action planningwith necessary financial and human resources, identification of and consultation with stakeholders,training core staff, and building a monitoring and evaluation system. On the other hand, the localrelevance of ICM implementation is also identified through the commitment of local authorities andstakeholders, the characteristics of environmental management issues, local manageability,replicability, favourable conditions and obstacles for ICM.

Delineating the management/operational boundary of ICM

In general, the coastal zone is defined as the transitional area between land and sea. In differentfields, particularly in scientific research, the coastal zone boundary can be defined differently. Figure11 depicts some of the versions of what constitutes the coastal zone.

According to the Convention on the Law of the Sea (United Nations 1982), the maximum extent ofthe coastal zone can be: the territory that is defined from the shorelands to the coastal uplands of thewatershed boundary (landward), and on the seaward side to the Territorial sea boundary near theedge of the continental shelf.

According to Decision 158/Q-TTg, the coastal zone in Viet Nam is comprisedof the coastal districtsand 6 nautical miles seaward from shoreland.

Figure 11. Defining ICM boundary (Source: PEMSEA)

PEMSEA suggests the idealboundary for ICM should be the entire watershed or catchment basin(landward) and 200 nautical miles seaward of the shorelands; and the operationalboundary should be


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the local administrative boundary (landward) and up to 2 nautical miles seaward (municipal waters) orkey habitats (marine waters) that are of priority management concerns.

For practical purposes in Vietnam, the coastal zone boundary for ICM is site specific, which variesdepending on management capacity, local interests and administrative boundaries. Delineating theoperational boundary of ICM requires official agreement of all stakeholders.

Establishment of the ICM co-ordination mechanism

The co-ordination mechanism acts as a local institution for ICM with an administrative structure andinter-disciplinary co-ordination function. The main tasks of an ICM co-ordination mechanism is toestablish the project office, the multi-disciplinary co-ordination board and the technical advisor group.

The project management office aims to operate the ICM project, to facilitate planning and approvingprocesses, to organize stakeholders consultation workshops and to prepare action plans. The projectoffice can be established from sub-divisions of local authority or from consultant departments. At thebeginning, a planning group can be formed instead, and then later will transform into a project office.The structure of the project management office includes a project director and staff who can berecruited from related departments.

The aims of the multi-disciplinary co-ordination board are to comprehensively co-ordinate, the makingof policies, the issuing of management decisions at local levels, and to harmonize overlappingresponsibilities and integrating activities (table 1). The co-ordination board will be established with anofficial decision from the president of the province. Ideally, the co-ordination board will include thepresident or vice-president of the province/city, leaders of departments and districts; with the head ofthe co-ordination board being the leader of the province/city.

Table 1. Roles and responsibilities of the co-ordination board and the project office

Multi-disciplinary Co-ordination Board Project Management Office

Giving direction for policy development andinstructing management Project management

Ensuring implementation of activities Preparing instructions and detailed action plans

Reviewing and approving yearly action plansand progress reports

Ensuring products are completed in a timelymanner

Ensuring the integration of ICM activities is atask for local authorities

Preparing progress reports for the co-ordinationboard to approve

Supporting and monitoring implementationprogress

Co-ordinating with local and nationaldepartments on what should be the scope andresponsibilities of the project office

Acting as the co-ordination boards secretaryboard

Collecting documents from local and nationalexperts

Monitoring and instructing the activities of theproject office

Co-ordinating the activities of consultantexperts, reviewing reports and giving support byproviding recommendations for implementation

Providng support to facilitate the effective

implementation of the project

Reviewing project products, preparing technical

reports, organizing workshops, compilinginformation into working models


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The technical advisor group acts as a scientific advisory board to solve problems, designing actionplans, supporting policy-making, interventions and management decisions. The technical advisorgroup aims to ensure the technical and scientific quality of project reports and products. It alsoconducts detailed technical tasks. The technical advisor group is made up of representatives fromuniversities, research institutes and experts from many different fields.

Building and approving project action and financial plans

Action and financial planning involve stakeholder consultation, preparation of plans, and financial andmaking other administrative resource arrangements.

Stakeholder consultation involves giving stakeholders an understand about ICM and its benefits, aswell as having an initial consultation for the preparation and making of work plans. Stakeholderconsultation aims to promote agreement with ICM, minimising obstacles, building consensus, raisingawareness of responsibility and gaining commitment. Approaching stakeholders in the ICMpreparation step can be done through organizing an initial workshop to introduce the ICM programand to collect information, opinions of stakeholders. Workshops are organized with stakeholders todiscuss on their participation and commitment.

Work plans should identify tasks, the main steps to conduct these tasks, time schedules,implementing organizations/persons and any other human and financial resource requirements.These work plans should be prepared with stakeholder consultation. There should be officialagreement for the recognition of stakeholder participation and commitment. Work and financial plansshould be approved by stakeholders and the co-ordination board.

Financial resources for ICM implementation will mostly come from the local budget. Additional supportcan come from public-private partnerships, environmental funds, etc

To acquire management and financial resources, it is essential to build consensus, maintaincommitment and support from local authorities, the community and stakeholders, by goodcommunication on the economic and social benefits of ICM, and by encouraging active participation.

Core staff training

Strategies for core staff training are: learning from the best practices of other successful ICM projects,organizing training courses, learning on the job and practical application. Training steps include:evaluation of local capacity for implementing working plans; identification of capacity buildingdemands, target groups, opportunities for capacity development and resource requirements; and,organizing capacity-building activities which have been identified.

Table 2. Preparation of core staff training

Who should be trained? Capacity requirements

Staff of local departmentswho are participating in theproject

Knowledge and concepts of ICM, its principles, framework and process

Environmental management

Personal skills to co-ordinate, mobilize and manage

Project design, operation and management

Other stakeholdersSpecific skills for specific activities in ICM implementation

Knowledge of project procedures

Knowledge of different aspects of ICM


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Building a project monitoring and evaluation system

The role of a monitoring and evaluation system is to implement a monitoring and evaluation planwhich requires the identification of baseline data and the use of performance indicators to generateresults for improving the ICM program. ICM progress and implementation are monitored andevaluated in terms of the projects social, economic and environmental impacts. The results are used

for the optimization of resource use, upgrading project activities, improving the quality and impacts ofthe programs products, as well as facilitating knowledge transfer and program replication (Table 3).

Table 3. Monitoring and evaluation through-out the ICM process

Steps of an ICM cycle Activities

Preparing

Identifying roles, responsibilities and organization structure

Building indicators for implementation

Building a monitoring and evaluating program with a time schedule

Assessing needs to prepare the State of the Coast (SOC) report

Initiating Identifying baseline conditions or, the State of the Coast, for the projectarea

Refining and Consolidating

Evaluating achieved results of ICM, which correspond to set goals andrefining implementation methods and techniques

Evaluating effectiveness and appropriateness of the monitoring andevaluating system

All steps Monitoring the program and periodically evaluating projectimplementation based on identified indicators/parameters

Tools which should be considered when building ICMs indicators/parameters are: Agenda 21, theMillennium Development Goals, the Action Plan for the World Strategy for Sustainable Development(WSSD), local conditions and ICM standards.6. Initiating an ICM program

Initiating an ICM program involves identification of interests in resource and environmental

management, setting priorities for these interests, building a database and information managementsystem, community awareness-raising and mobilizing stakeholder participation, and building astrategic vision and long-term action framework for coastal development and management.

The advantages of ICM are: providing a common framework and process for stakeholders to worktogether to solve identified priority problems with a holistic, comprehensive, integrated andparticipatory approach. A limitation of ICM however, is that it cannot solve all coastal problemsimmediately. Therefore, it is necessary to identify priority issues in order to provide correspondingstrategies/actions.

Tools that support priority identification scientifically and systematically, as well as building visions anda general strategy, are: the coastal environmental profile, the state of the coast (SOC), the integratedinformation management system (IIMS) and environmental risk assessment.


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The Coastal Environmental Profile is a document comprehensively describing natural, social,economic and environmental conditions, natural resources; institutional mechanisms and coastalenvironmental management activities. It is a database which serves various ICM project activities.

The State of the Coast (SOC) is a document comprehensively reflecting the demographic, economic,social, and environmental status and the management activities of a particular part of the coast; and

including a database for ICM, particularly for the assessment of coastal change. The State of theCoast is a system of reports based on a sustainable coastal development framework through ICMapplication, with the addition of evaluation indicators from PEMSEA. The State of the Coast providesinformation from many different sources; reports on trends, goals and management responses;identifies important information, gaps in data and supports ICM implementation.

Figure 12. The Process of making a State of the Coast report (Source: PEMSEA)

Figure 12 shows the steps in making a SOC report. Figure 13 shows an example of indicators used in

a SOC report taken from the report on Batangas province, Philippines.

An Integrated Information Management System (IIMS) is a system of storage, processing andmanagement of information and data for coastal management. An IIMS arranges and storesinformation/data systematically for easy updating and accessing. An IIMS supports usinginformation/data for policy-making and decision-making. An IIMS helps in sharing information/dataand limits overlaps in information/data collecting, and researches activities using resources to createinformation/data. Figure 14 summarizes data types and applications of an IIMS. For example, in theapplication of coastal zonation, an IIMS can provide information on population, natural resources(coral reefs, mangroves, etc), economic activities (aquaculture, fishing, port and marinetransportation, industries, agriculture, etc), policy and institutional data, and water quality.


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Figure 13. Indicators used in theState of the Coasts report onBatangas province, Philippines(Source: PEMSEA, 2008)


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Figure 14. Data types and applications of an IIMS

Environmental Risk Assessmentis a systemic and scientific assessment of information to identify andset priorities for addressing the probability of human activities causing negative impacts to humansand ecosystems. It converts technical information into different levels of risk (fig. 15).

Figure 15. The levels of approach to risk assessment and risk management

Environmental risk management integrates technical information and identifies (1) environmentalissues of priority concern, (2) important data gaps, (3) areas/problems without clear conclusions and

Reports as tablesand graphs

Maps

Connectingdatabase with GIS

GIS database

Spatial analysis

Applications:

Environmental Profile & Atlas

Environmental Risk Assessment

Resource & EnvironmentalAssessment

ICM Strategy

Zonation

Oil spill response plan

Environmental investment

Administration, governance

Deployment of action plans

Providing products and services forusers

Environmentalmonitoring

Data query for makingreport

Data screening,sorting, normalization &

encryption

Data collection

IIMS DatabaseGeographic dataDemographic dataSocio-economic dataBiological dataInstitutional dataPollution sources dataWater resource &management dataNatural disaster,environmental risk dataEnvironmentalmonitoring dataHydro- geological data


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the need for further assessment. It requires a reliable scientific base and correct information. Itprovides a foundation for policy recommendations and setting priorities for management. Exampleson how results of risk assessment can be applied are shown in table 3.

Table 3. Examples on applications of the results of risk assessment

Examples How results of risk assessment are applied

Action planning Information on concerns which are identified through riskassessment are used for setting priorities in strategies and actionplans

Environmental investment By identifying area of concern to management, risk assessmentallows proper allocation of limited resources and not a waste ofresources on minor issues

Integrated environmental

monitoring

Priorities, information/data gaps and lack of reliability of results

identified in risk assessment provide input for building a long-term, and cost-effective inter-disciplinary monitoring program.

An ICM strategy is a common framework for planning and integrated management of coastal areasand their resources. It presents common long-term visions of stakeholders with the scope of timenormally in the range of 20 25 years. It is a process of connecting stakeholders in solving priorityissues that threaten coastal sustainable development. Key elements of the coastal strategy (Fig. 16)are: coastal long-term vision, missions based on the expected results of stakeholders; strategiespresenting an approach to achieve the vision; strategy objectives presenting the necessary approachto achieve the vision and mission; and action plans showing ways to achieve the objectives.

Figure 16. Key elements of a coastal strategy

Vision & Missions

Strategies

Principles

Objective 1 Objective 3Objective 2

Actionplan 1.1

Actionplan 1.2

Actionplan 2.1

Actionplan 2.2

Actionplan 3.1

Actionplan 3.2

Responsibleorganization

Implementationmechanism


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A requirement for the building of the coastal strategy approach is a commitment of human andfinancial resources. In order to achieve political support and commitment, coastal the strategyscontent should be converted into documents that are easy to understand for communication andpublic awareness-raising in communities. Capacity building and participation should be enhanced in

project planning and management (e.g. resource conservation, rehabilitation; pollution mitigation;waste management, alternative livelihood programs, etc), as well as in monitoring and evaluatingactivities (state of coastal resources and environmental quality). It is essential to mobilize stakeholderparticipation and to encourage the sharing of social responsibility.

In conclusion, in initiating an ICM program, we need to identify, and set priorities for, managementconcerns, because the issues will require different policies and management interventions. Therefore,the main activities for the initiatial steps of ICM focus on identification of priority issues and buildingcorresponding strategies. The main tools used to identify these priority concerns are: the State of theCoast (SOC) report/ the Coastal Environmental Profile, Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) andthe Integrated Information Management System (IIMS). Results from the SOC, ERA and IIMS will beused to produce the coastal strategy. The application of these tools and measures requires multi-

disciplinary knowledge, stakeholder participation, and local training and capacity building. Thecommunication plan helps to direct and concentrate efforts for public awareness-raising. Thecommitment of the local authority is needed for the application of the results of these steps, and forproducts in other activities in the ICM cycle.

7. Zonation in ICMZonation is the spatial division of an area according to its characteristics or functionality. The generalaim of zonation is to solve conflict and support development. There are 2 types of conflicts: (1)conflicts between human use and environment (user >< environment) and (2) conflicts betweenhuman activities (user >< user).

A zone is identified by certain criteria: it is a geographical unit in the area of concern with similarecological, economic and social properties; there is often an association between resources and theirtypes of use; in a zone, resource use issues and requirements are similar. A matrix of conflicting usesfor each zone is prepared, to evaluate compatibility. Regulations (allow, not allow and limit) are made,based on conflict analysis (Fig. 17) and they should be the result of consultation and agreement fromstakeholders. The ICM approach should be applied in zonation.

Categorized in terms of development level, zonation includes a developed zone, a buffer zone and aconservation zone. The developed zone can be divided into a zone with low intensity use, a zone withhigh intensity use and a multi-use zone. A zone with low intensity use can function as a buffer zonefor a zone with high intensity use.

Building the coastal strategy approach

Identification and consolidation of coastal information Organizing training workshop for stakeholders Consultation with stakeholders

Consolidation of consultation results, integrating the results into the strategy and thenorganizing extension workshops

Completing and submitting the strategy to the co-ordination board for approval Organizing a workshop for official approval and announcement of the strategy Preparation of the coastal strategys implementation plan


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Categorized in terms of function, zonation includes a harbour zone, a tourism development zone, afishing zone, a near shore industrial zone, a mining zone, a conservation zone, a reserve zone, arecovery zone, etc

Figure 17. The zonation process

Conservation, protection zone

Criteria

Important land/water zones for biologicalconservation and protection Zones with unique natural habitats and high

biodiversity Zones with ecosystems supporting lives of

endemic, rare and threatened species

Management policy

- Following planning of a national system ofconservation zones until 2020 (Decision1479/Q-TTg on 13/10/2008)

- Protection and conservation ofhabitats/ecosystems and related organisms(in the sea as well as on the land),preservation of biodiversity

- Protection and preservation of its naturalfunctions

- Protection and preservation of endemic, rareand threatened species

- Protection and preservation of zones withvaluable natural landscape

Building map layers on:

- Current resource use- Resource use planning- Spatial planning- Natural conditions, related infrastructures

Coastal management institution analysis:- Policies, legal documents- Management mechanism,

responsibility

- Multi-disciplinary organizations

Development plans of different sectors Current coastal resource use regulation

Distribution problems/ Conflict of use

Zonation (proposal) Regulations of use (proposal)

Zonation plan

- Zonation map- System of regulation- Recommendation on institutional

enhancement to implement the plan

- Implementation arrangement


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Recovery zone

Criteria

Designated zone for recovery of degradednatural resources/habitats

Management policy

- Recovery of important natural and historicalvalues

- Recovery of landscape, water quality andnatural habitats while allowing some types ofuse with low intensity, not affecting thesevalues

- Protection of environmental quality accordingto specific standards

- Finding opportunities to develop it into

protection zone

Buffer zone

Criteria

Zone adjacent to protected or preservedzone and with limited use, designated toconsolidate strict protection efforts

Can be sensitive zone with protectivefunction (isolated, limited); protected fromnegative potential impacts of surroundingdevelopment

Some activities with low intensity are allowed,usually along islands, peninsulas andestuaries

Management policy

- Allocating buffer zones surrounding aconservation zone, protection zone andrecovery zone to mitigate impacts ofdevelopment activities around them, as wellas to increase the stability and effectivenessof conservation, protection and recovery

- Preventing uncontrolled activities while stillallowing some traditional resource uses andactivities with strict regulations

- Preventing activities that can cause degradedlandscapes and environmental quality

Sea belt zone

Criteria

Coastal zone with maximum tide, about 50 -200m landward; strictly control developmentto prevent negative impacts from the sea,such as erosion, which can destroy marinehabitat, and generate harmful changes inhydro-geo-dynamic processes, usuallyaround islands, peninsulas and estuaries

Management policy

- Preventing uncontrolled activities while stillallowing some traditional resource uses

- Preventing activities that can causelandscape degradation, water pollution,erosion, sedimentation and changes in theform of the natural coastal line

- Mitigate impacts of land-based development


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Tourism development zone

Criteria

Zone with tourism development potential Zone for cultural, ecological tourism and

entertainment activities

Management policy

- Tourism development without exceeding thenatural capacity of the area

- Protection and conservation of landscapes,ecosystems and environmental quality of thetourist area

- Expanding opportunities and access for thecommunity

Harbor operation and maritime transport zone

Criteria

Sea harbours, ports and zones for maritimetransport and other related commercial andservice activities

Management policy

- Maintaining a balance between the manyactivities related to a sea harbour and port- Increasing effective spatial use and

protecting characteristic landscapes, whichare valuable for tourism

- Encouraging development and modernizationwith a planned, scientific and reasonablespatial zoning

- Preparing, and completing, a plan anddeveloping services and equipment for,responding to oil spills

- Determining solutions for passage-waymaintenance and dredging, and locations fordumping dredged material

- Assigning routes (flow in and out), anchorageareas

Fishing zone

Criteria

Zone for fishing, applying sustainable usemeasures

Fishing zones can be divided into smallerzones corresponding to different scales offishing in order to prevent conflicts betweencommercial and recreational fishing activities

Management policy

- Protection of fish and aquatic resources bypreventing overfishing and destructivefishing, regulating use and access to aquaticresources, protecting nursery grounds

- Increasing management, monitoring ofcommercial, as well as recreational (incl.small scale for livelihood) fishing, in near-shore areas

- Determining solutions for passage-waymaintenance and dredging, and a position ondumping dredged materials

- Assigning routes (moving in and out),anchorage areas


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Multi-use zone

Criteria

Zone for various activities such as industry,trade, production, tourism, recreation andsubsistence while still maintaining ecological,landscape and environmental values

Near-shore water areas which can meetcommercial, industrial, production, tourismand recreational activities dependent onwater

Management policy

- Designating coastal areas for activities suchas production, trade and recreation which aresuitable for sustainable development goals

- Maintaining a balance between differentactivities

- Ensuring resource conservation, protectionand recovery if there are changes intraditional activities or new developments intypes of use

- Protecting marine habitats from changes/activities in the area

- Maintaining environmental quality in the areaand its surroundings

8. Case studies

Danang

Since 2000, Danang has been chosen as the national demonstration site for ICM in the framework ofthe regional co-operation program for East Sea environmental management (PEMSEA), supported bythe Global Environmental Fund, UNDP and the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) (Fig. 18).

Figure 18. Relative boundary of the Danang ICM project core area


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Roles of the ICM project in str

Creating a multi-disciplin

management

Most of the programs and devel

the environment, have been prCommunity awareness-raising,

the success of ICM in Danan

investment projects to fit in wi

recovery and protection of habit

action plans for coastal res

synchronously and harmoniousl

awareness-raising on beach cle

and project planning for the coral

Figure

Creating technical too

management

Based on the ICM strategy app

the management and protection

islet to Nam Hai Van and the So

Zonation planning for Danang

regulations on coastal use,

implementation. This zoning pla

and the mitigation of conflict.

The Integrated Environmental M

May 4, 2006 with 47 monitoringsedimentation, soil, and air q

ngthening Danangs coastal governance

ary co-ordination mechanism for coastal resourc

pment plans for the city, which are related to c

epared in consultation with all relevant departs well as capacity building for local staff, contri

. The multi-disciplinary co-ordination mechan

th the citys coastal strategy (which consider

at, waste management, prevention and mitigati

ource and environmental protection have

. Such as action plans include: waste separati

aning, environmental monitoring, investigation

reef protection zone in the Southern part of Son

9. Danangs ICM co-ordination mechanism.

ls to support integrated coastal resource

oved in 2001, Danangs Peoples Committee i

of coral reefs and ecosystems related to the coa

Tra peninsula.

s coastal use includes categorization of c

a coastal use zoning plan and an instituti

has had a big impact on the achievement of re

nitoring program was approved by Danangs Pe

points for water (covering rivers, the sea, lakeuality. Since then, DONRE has co-ordinated

29

e and environmental

astal resources and

ments and districts.ibuted remarkably to

ism (Fig. 19) helps

risk management,

on of pollution), and

been implemented

on at source, public

f marine resources,

Tra peninsula.

and environmental

sued regulations for

tal areas from Chao

astal spatial uses,

onal framework for

sonable coastal use

oples, Committee on

s and groundwater),with other related


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departments to conduct regular monitoring, as well as irregular monitoring, in order to evaluateenvironmental quality in the whole city, and to assess the state of the coast.

The Integrated Information Management System (IIMS) has been established as a socio-economic,resource and environmental database system for Danang for risk management, developing strategies,environmental monitoring, and coastal use zoning, as well as other related activities supporting state

management.

The integrated coastal resource and environmental management model has been widelyapplied by organizations, faculties, and authorities, as well as communities

Components of the environmental protection model, such as waste separation at source, plantingtrees, etc., have been implemented by many social organizations and unions. The movement,Green-Clean-Beautiful Sunday, has spread all over the city. The model of the Community club of coastalsustainable economic development developed by the Farmer Association of Tho Quang ward, hasbeen a typical model which would be replicated in other places in the city.

Organizing inspections and conducting checks on the implementation of regulations andcoastal resource and environmental protection

In recent years, inspections, and conducting checks on the implementation of regulations on ICMhave been actively conducted, particularly in Son Tra and Ngu Hanh Son districts.

Limitations and lessons learned

Since ICM is a new management approach, knowledge and experience on ICM of local staff is stilllimited. There is a lack of information related to resource values, as well as a lack of humanresources. Moreover, there is lack of experts in new areas such as zonation of coastal uses andinstitutional arrangements. Following are the lessons learned from the implementation of ICM inDanang.

(1) Ensuring capacity for project operation, management and implementation

The establishment of the Project Co-ordination Board, with the Boards Chairman being the Vice-president of Danangs Peoples Committee, and with members being heads of relevant departmentsand districts, has created a synchronous and united management and co-ordination system forDanang. This has helped to mobilize the active participation of all stakeholders in the planning andimplementation of the project.The Project Office was also founded with the selection of qualifiedpersonnel to advise and assist the Project Co-ordination Board.

(2) Organizing public awareness-raising activities as soon as possible

Awareness-raising activities on ICM have been organized and developed quickly for staff of localauthorities as well as for the communtiy, in order to build a consensus of appreciation of the

importance and values of the coasts for the citys sustainable development. This helps to create ahigh level of commitment and agreement from all stakeholders in the application of ICM.

(3) Developing the interest and support of stakeholders

The support of stakeholders is essential for the success of the project. The commitment and activedirection of Danangs Peoples Committee shows a high level of determination and support for theproject. This creates favourable conditions for ICM implementation, as well as mobilizing the interestsand participation of stakeholders. Support from individuals and the community is a prerequisite forsustaining project activities.

The active participation of departments, faculties, local authorities and communities helps the projectto identify possible challenges in its implementation, and thereby be able to recommend solutions for

problem-solving.


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(4) Role of experts

The expert group plays an important role in providing technical advice. Danang has organized a multi-disciplinary expert group, which includes scientists, engineers and managers. Throughout the project,from building strategies to implementation of sub-projects, the advice of the multi-disciplinary grouphas been listened-to and considered as part of an integrated approach to complete the projects

products and to ensure their feasibility.

(5) Information collection

Right from beginning, Danang started collecting relevant information for the project. All information onenvironmental resources, and economic, social, cultural, and historical aspects have been collectedand analyzed for building the database. This database is vital for ICM implementation.

Thua Thien Hue

Thua Thien Hue is one of the 3 provinces (the other two are Nam Dinh province in the North and BaRia Vung Tau province in the South) chosen as pilot sites for the Vietnam Integrated Coastal ZoneManagement (VNICZM) Project - supported by the Netherlands and MONRE (2000 2004). Later,Hue also became an ICM parallel site, supported by PEMSEA (Fig. 20).

Figure 20. The coastal zone of Thua Thien Hue province

Vision of Hues Coastal Zone

A coastal area with a specific lagoon ecosystem, a Ramsar zone, a marine protectionzone and a world natural heritage zone.

A coastal area with comprehensive natural, cultural, historical, ecological, landscape andenvironmental values.

A safe place for l iving, working, and investment, and where all people can exercise theirownership and enjoyment


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While the coastal zone accounts for only 30% of the provinces area, it encompasses 80% of Huespopulation. The densely populated coastal area of Hue has been under pressure of economicdevelopment, rapid urbanization and vulnerability to natural disaster. Therefore, socio-economiclivelihoods, environmental considerations and public safety have to be balanced and weighed againsteach other, and plans should be coordinated in an integrated approach. The ICZM strategy provides a

direction for the province in tackling complex issues caused by conflicts in the multiple use of coastalresources. Building and implementing ICZM would help Thua Thien Hues local authority and itspeople to achieve sustainable coastal development (Fig. 21). In 2002 2003, the Peoples Committeeof Hue has drafted its first long-term provincial ICZM strategy for the introduction of integratedplanning and development of Hues coastal zone.

Figure 21. ICZM balancing interests for sustainable development(Source: Hues ICZM Action Plan 2005-2008)

The general objectives of the ICZM strategy for Thua Thien Hue province are to: optimize the use ofresources in a sustainable way, protect and improve environmental quality, minimize and mitigate thenegative impacts of natural disasters, improve socio-economic development in order to improve andenhance the living conditions of local communities.

The ICZM strategy comprises 4 main strategic components (table 4):

1. ICZM capacity building (9 action plans)2. Protection of resources and environment (7 action plans)3. Integration of natural disaster management (NDM) with coastal resource management

(3 action plans)4. Sustainable use of coastal resources (8 action plans)

Out of these 27 action plans, 9 action plans were selected as Priority Action Plans (PAPs):

For strategy component 1, priority action plans are (1) ICZM awareness-raising, (2) ICZMadministrative procedures and legal adjustment.

For strategy component 2, PAPs are (3) Identify and establish conservation areas, (4) Mitigateenvironmental pollution.


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For strategy component 3, PAPs are (5) Natural disaster management zoning and policydevelopment, (6) Integrated responses for natural disaster management.

For strategy component 4, PAPs are (7) Assess carrying capacity of ecosystems, give advice on wiseuse, (8) Sustainable aquaculture, (9) Sustainable tourism.

Table 4. Summary the ICZM Strategy for Thua Thien Hue Province with Priority Action Plans(Source: Hues ICZM Action Plan 2005-2008)


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Lessons learned in ICZM strategy building and implementation

1. For acquiring human and financial resources, a steering committee is established with aleader of the Provincial Peoples Committee acting as head of the board; and a provincialmulti-disciplinary expert group is established with national and international advisors.

2. Regularly organizing training on ICZM for staff capacity building.

3. The ICZM strategy and action plans should be developed by the provincial expert group.4. Co-ordination of as many sectors as possible, creating favourable conditions for unions and

communities to participate (consultation).5. Enlisting maximum consensus of leaders from ministries, provinces, departments and

localities, by enabling them to see the benefits of ICZM.6. The ICZM strategy should be integrated into socio-economic development plans at all levels

in departments and agencies (Fig. 22).7. The strategy should be practical to implementat8. There should be plans for monitoring and evaluation and adjustment in the ICZM cycle.

Figure 22. Actors in socio-economic development planning & their relationship with ICZM(Source: Hues ICZM Action Plan 2005-2008)

The relationship between the ICZM strategy and socio-economic development planning is depicted inFigure 22. The ICZM strategy and action planning precedes the socio-economic developmentplanning (SEDP) process and forms an important input for integrated SEDP, which will be done byDPI. This gives guidance to the Provincial Peoples Committee, departments and agencies on

sustainable decision-making processes.


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Summary notes on issues of S

Potential and Opportunities

- Long coastline of 72 km

- Large areas of mudflat with hig

- Biodiversity of mangrove ecosy

- Potential for agriculture and aq

- Potential for ecotourism

- Potential for wind energy

- International investment/suppor

- Government has a program on

- Potential for marine transportati

Challenges

- Most of the population living al

- Low public awareness, low edu

- Climate change impacts, such

- Erosion, landslides

- Natural disasters such as floodi

- Environmental pollution

- Unsustainable use of natural reexploitation

- Destroying mangrove forests fo

- Limited management capacity,- Limited information and commu

- Limited budget

oc Trangs Coasts discussed by participant

potential to benefit from aquatic resources

stems

aculture, salt production

t/projects (World Bank, IUCN, GIZ...)

consolidating sea dykes in Vinh Chau and Cu La

on. Tran De port is one of the essential ports at t

ng the coast is poor

cational level

s salinization, floods...

ng and broken river dykes in Cu Lao Dung...

sources, depletion of natural resources due to ov

r aquaculture production

lack of co-ordination and over-lapping among difnication

orking groups

o Dung.

he national level.

er-fishing, over-

erent disciplines.

icam training june 2012 en (edited)

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