icao radio spectrum seminarmid office, cairo, 4 – 6 june 20061 frequency assignment planning...
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![Page 1: ICAO Radio Spectrum SeminarMID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 20061 Frequency Assignment Planning Prepared by Torsten Jacob ICAO ANB/CNS](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062318/551549a2550346a87d8b628c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ICAO Radio Spectrum Seminar MID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 2006 1
Frequency Assignment Planning
Frequency Assignment Planning
Prepared by Torsten Jacob
ICAO ANB/CNS
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ICAO Radio Spectrum Seminar MID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 2006 2
General MethodologyGeneral Methodology
The electromagnetic compatibility of radio equipment should be calculated by the following method:✓ determine the desired signal level at the victim receiver front
end;✓ determine the resulting level of interference at the victim
receiver’s front end;✓ determine the interactive effects among wanted signals,
interference and receiver characteristics for various frequency or distance separations;
✓ determine the appropriate propagation model to be used; and
✓ determine, from these data, a relationship between the frequency separation and distance separation that the interference is considered tolerable.
![Page 3: ICAO Radio Spectrum SeminarMID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 20061 Frequency Assignment Planning Prepared by Torsten Jacob ICAO ANB/CNS](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062318/551549a2550346a87d8b628c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ICAO Radio Spectrum Seminar MID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 2006 3
Free – Space Propagation Model
Free – Space Propagation Model
The propagation loss that would occur if the antennas were replaced by isotropic antennas located in a perfectly dielectric, homogeneous, isotropic and unlimited environment, the distance between the antennas being retained (see Recommendation ITU-R P.525).
d
Lbf
4log20
dfLbf log20log208.37
where: Lbf : free-space basic transmission loss (dB)
d : distance
: wavelength, and
d and are expressed in the same unit.
where:
f : frequency (MHz)
d : distance (NM)
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ICAO Radio Spectrum Seminar MID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 2006 4
Aeronautical Standard Propagation Model
Aeronautical Standard Propagation Model
Aeronautical standard propagation model (ASPM) is derived from the ITU-R Recommendation P.528. For distances up to the radio horizon, free space propagation is assumed. Beyond the radio horizon, a constant attenuation factor a, which depends on the frequency band under consideration, is used.
RxTxERH hhRkd 2
Tx Rx
k · R E
h Rx h Tx d RH
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ICAO Radio Spectrum Seminar MID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 2006 5
Radio horizonRadio horizon
If both heights hTX and hRX are expressed in feet (ft), the distance d in Nautical Miles (NM), the Earth radius RE = 6360 km and if the atmospheric conditions are assumed to be normal (effective Earth radius factor k = 4/3), the following practical formula can be used to calculate the radio horizon:
RxTxRH hhd 23.1
where:
dRH : distance to the radio horizon (NM)
hTX height of transmitting antenna above Earth’s surface (ft)
hRX height of receiving antenna above Earth’s surface (ft)
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ICAO Radio Spectrum Seminar MID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 2006 6
Aeronautical Standard Propagation Model
Aeronautical Standard Propagation Model
The propagation loss in dB between two isotropic antennas located in a perfectly dielectric, homogeneous, isotropic and unlimited environment can be calculated as follows:
RH
RH
RHRHbf dd
dd
ifdLdda
iffddL
)()(
log20log208.37)(
where:
Lbf(d) : transmission loss between transmitter and receiver as a function of distance (dB)
d : distance between transmitter and receiver (NM)
dRH : distance to the radio horizon (NM)
f : frequency (MHz)
d : distance (NM)
a : constant attenuation factor beyond radio horizon (dB/NM)
In the band 108 – 137 MHz: a = 0.5 dB/NM
In the band 960 – 1215 MHz: a = 1.6 dB/NM
In the band 5030 – 5091 MHz: a = 2.7 dB/NM
L(dRH) : free space transmission loss for the distance up to radio horizon (dB)
Tx Rx
k·RE
hRxhTx dRH
d
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ICAO Radio Spectrum Seminar MID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 2006 7
VHF COMVHF COM
General principles for VHF voice communication:✓To protect a service with a circular operational
coverage (circular service), the distances from the edge of the service to another airborne or ground transmitter must be 5 times the range of that circular service; if the other transmitter is below the radio horizon from that service edge and the radio horizon distance is also less than 5 times circular service range then radio horizon distance is to be used;
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ICAO Radio Spectrum Seminar MID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 2006 8
VHF COMVHF COM
General principles for VHF voice communication:✓To protect a service with a non-circular
operational coverage area the ground or airborne transmitter of the other service must be below the radio horizon;
✓ the protection criteria for both the requested service and the existing assignment must be met for a valid assignment.
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ICAO Radio Spectrum Seminar MID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 2006 9
AFISTWR
16/FL30TWR
25/FL40APP
25/FL100APP
40/FL150ATIS
60/FL200APP
50/FL250VOLMET261/FL450
ACCFL150
ACCFL245
ACCFL350
ACCFL450
AFIS/TWR(16/FL30) 80 125 125 200 241* 250 328* 218* 260* 298* 328*TWR25/FL40 125 125 125 200 252* 250 339* 228* 270* 308* 339*APP25/FL100 125 125 125 200 297* 250 384* 274* 316* 353* 384*APP40/FL150 200 200 200 200 300 250 412* 301* 343* 381* 412*ATIS60/FL200 241* 252* 297* 300 114* 300 201* 300 300 300 300APP50/FL250 250 250 250 250 300 250 455* 345* 387* 425* 455*VOLMET261/450 328* 339 384* 412* 201* 455* 0* 412* 454* 491* 522*ACCFL150 218* 228* 274* 301* 300 345* 412* 301* 343* 381* 412*ACCFL245 260* 270* 316* 343* 300 387* 454* 343* 385* 423* 454*ACCFL350 298* 308* 353* 381* 300 425* 491* 381* 423* 460* 491*ACCFL450 328* 339* 384* 412* 300 455* 522* 412* 454* 491* 522*
VHF COMVHF COM
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ICAO Radio Spectrum Seminar MID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 2006 10
80 NM
ILS localizer protection point at 25 NM distance and6250 ft height
Minimum separation between second facilityand the protection point of the first facility
ILS 1
ILS 2
UNDESIRED SIGNAL
ILSILS Co-channel protection requirement for ILS localizer
✓ Minimum separation between undesired facility (ILS2) and the Protection Point of the desired facility (ILS1) of 80 NM
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ICAO Radio Spectrum Seminar MID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 2006 11
DESIREDSIGNAL
INTERFERENCEVICTIM
UNDESIRED SIGNAL
VOR 2
INTERFERENCE SOURCE
VOR 1
VORVOR Co-channel protection requirement
✓ Minimum uplink free-space desired-to-undesired signal ratio (D/U) of 20 dB at all points within the desired facility’s service volume
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ICAO Radio Spectrum Seminar MID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 2006 12
DESIREDSIGNAL
INTERFERENCEVICTIM
UNDESIREDSIGNALS
DME 2
INTERFERENCE SOURCE(S)
DME 1
DMEDME Ground facilities channel assignment:
✓ Minimum uplink free-space desired-to-undesired signal ratio (D/U) at all points within the desired facility’s service volume
✓ Specific free-space D/U values are selected in order to guarantee an effective post-processing D/U of 8 dB taking into account frequency and code rejection capabilities of the interrogator receiver
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ICAO Radio Spectrum Seminar MID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 2006 13
More informationMore information
More information on assignment planning principles for systems such as NDB, GBAS, HF voice and data, VDL Mode 2, 3 and 4 etc can be found at:✓ ICAO Annex 10✓ ICAO RF Handbook Doc 9718✓Publications of ICAO Regional Offices such as
• FMG Frequency Management Manual✓National regulations on aeronautical assignment
planning
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ICAO Radio Spectrum Seminar MID Office, Cairo, 4 – 6 June 2006 14
Thank You
Any questions?