GEO-TECH CONSULTANCY SERVICESICT House

INTRODUCTORY BROCHURE

geo-tech consultancy services CONSULTING ICT GEO-TECH ENGINEERS 3360, Lane 3, Officers Colony, Misriyal Road, Rawalpindi

Ph: +92515166707, 4320334, E-mail: gcs_zarar@yahoo.com

ICT’s APPLICATION CHAIN

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ICTs in Real-time Reservoir Management

Computational tools for reservoir modeling play a critical role in the development of strategies for optimal recovery of hydrocarbon resources. These tools can be simply viewed as a means of forecasting recovery given a set of data, assumptions, and operating constraints, e.g., to validate alternative hypotheses about the reservoir or systematically explore different strategies for optimal recovery.By nature, reservoir modeling is an inter-disciplinary exercise and reservoir mod- eling tools must be well integrated to promote collaboration between scientists and engineers with different backgrounds. New workflows are emerging based on recent advances in static reservoir characterization and dynamic flow simulation. Modern numerical flow simulators have evolved to include more general grids, complex fluid descriptions, flow physics, well controls, and couplings to surface facilities. These generalizations have helped to more realistically describe fluid flow in the reservoir on the time scales associated with reservoir management. Meanwhile, modern reser- voir characterization techniques have shifted away from traditional variogram-based models towards object- and feature-based models that more accurately describe real geologic structures. To quantify uncertainty in the characterization, it is necessary to generate an ensemble of reservoir models that may include a thousand or more individual realizations. Reservoir simulation is computationally demanding and a single simulation on a full reservoir model may require from a few tens of minutes to hours or even days. Direct evaluation of multiple production scenarios on large ensembles of earth models is therefore impractical with full-featured flow simulators, and the computational gap has traditionally been overcome by upscaling methods. Another alternative is to cluster the models based on fast proxies for flow behavior and then select an appropriate subset of models for flow simulation.In many geomodelling workflows, there is no time to wait for a reservoir simulation, or there is no call for the complexity of a full simulation to produce the desired infor- mation. In this paper, we will discuss flow-diagnostic tools that are designed for this purpose. Flow-diagnostic tools are based on controlled numerical flow experiments that yield quantitative information regarding the flow behavior of a model in set- tings much simpler than would be encountered in the actual field. While full-featured simulators are capable of making these predictions, they generally cannot do so in a computationally efficient manner unless an unacceptably large degree of upscaling is applied. Industrial applications require fast tools that can be applied directly to high resolution reservoir models. Flow-diagnostic tools should offer interactive rates when applied to a single model and the ability to process large ensembles in the compu- tational time currently associated with a single full-featured flow simulation. There is a specific need for fast and reliable measures of flow behavior that are suitable for comparing, ranking, and clustering models. In addition, effective flow-diagnostics tools should assist in the challenging task of integrating data into reservoir mod- els through fast screening of multiple scenarios, identifying regions associated with mismatches, and suggesting appropriate model updates. While these challenges are not entirely new, the demand for new technology is driven by a need for industry to adopt more rigorous uncertainty quantification workflows and calibrate models with increasing volumes of data from production logs and well tests.Another area where flow diagnostics may prove to be useful is within the field- development planning and execution of the production plans. Here, the ongoing digitalization opens up for decision-support tools that use mathematical models to structure expert knowledge with increasing amounts of data to facilitate faster and better decisions. That is, models with embedded uncertainty can be combined with rigorous optimization techniques to improve decisions like well location, drilling se- quence, well completion including multiple inflow control devices, and choice of time- varying rate/pressure targets. Even though computing power is steadily increasing, the high computational cost of a full forward reservoir simulation still limits the number of trials/iterations one can afford in search for an optimal strategy. In most optimization loops (manual or automatic), the model input only changes slightly from one simulation to the next and this can be utilized to develop efficient upscaling and multiscale methods or reduced-order modeling techniques such as proper orthogo- nal decomposition. Herein, we will

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present an alternative approach that makes it possible to optimize well rates and placements based on objective functions defined by time-of-flight, pressure and tracers. In particular, we will present an adjoint for- mulation based on time-of-flight equations. This approach has many advantages: It can be used for long- or short-term optimization using different types of objective functions while incorporating complex physics effects by using a pre-existing pres- sure solver and it only requires a modest number of pressure evaluations compared to fully fledged simulator runs.

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ICTs in Remote Performance Monitoring

Here ICT can be applied in the following manner:-

• Autonomous inspection and repair supervised through advanced electrical engineering and mathematics enabling orbit-based sensor networks.

• Real-time monitoring and control of remote well facilities and safe communications networks between control centres and remote sites through a combination of high speed terrestrial and multigigabit wireless based links.

• Distributed sensor networks based on low cost, reliable sensors supported by algorithms to address signal delay.

• Through internship and sponsored training programs develop and maintain a highly-skilled geographically concentrated labour force.

• Develop control centres to take advantage of network effects and skilled labour force. These centres are capable of controlling oil and gas fields around the world.

• Context based image analysis and surveillance systems from the oil and gas facilities, monitor pipelines, flow and well integrity.

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ICTs in Advanced Collaboration Environment

Based on the information requirements for oil and gas development, ICT House of GCS offers an oil and gas digital production solution which supports the production business from network, communication, and security technologies. we provide diversified network infrastructures to suit different production environments, as well as trunking communication systems and video surveillance systems, to realize auto monitoring of production process, intelligent warning of danger and timely response of unified dispatching & commanding.

Oil and gas digital production solution network

We can offers products and technologies such as optical fiber, submarine optical cable, wireless bridge, Long Term Evolution (LTE), microwave transmission, and wireless local area networks (WLANs) to meet service interaction and communication requirements. These products and technologies can be combined flexibly to suit offshore and onshore oil and gas fields.

To meet requirements for coordinating schedules during troubleshooting, preventive maintenance, and emergency rescue, we provide trunking systems to implement group calls, broadcast calls, dispatch console, call control, duplex communication, and high-speed data services.

We supply intelligent video surveillance systems to monitor key production areas in oil and gas fields to ensure human safety and production security.

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ICTs in Process Automatization

Compliance with the international HSE regulations is one of the common challenges in the oil & gas industry today, and the adoption of digital oilfield technologies can help combat these issues.

“We are seeing more Oil & Gas companies initiating a transformation programme that looks at adopting digital oilield (DOF) solutions based on advanced ICT infrastructure as an enabler for their business. These kinds of transformation programs have made a remarkable improvement to a number of global businesses where digital olfeld technology has already been deployed. From greater operational visibility & efficiency, it has also enabled real-time decision making and a greater level of business process automation and optimization. Through process automation, companies can realize a more proactive management structure where decisions can be made based on more meaningful and timely data.

The ability to monitor remote areas on the field or offshore using process automation also reduces the risk of human error and delays, resolving issues quickly and effectively.

The global process automation and instrumentation market in the oil & gas industry is a fast developing market, which includes five segments; namely process automation, process instrumentation, process analyser, flow compute, and leakage detection system.

The process automation and instrumentation market in the Oil & Gas industry is completely dependent on the market growth.

In future, the Process Automation & Instrumentation Market in the Oil & Gas industry is expected to control the growth of the oil & gas market because of its high quality service offerings.

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ICTs in Supply Chain Optimization

The following discrete stages of the oil supply chain can be identified:

1. Oilfield production, 2. Transportation of crude oil from oilfields to refineries and oil terminals, 3. Refinery production operations, and 4. Transportation of refined products to oil terminals and distribution centres.

Mathematical models have been developed which describe each discrete section of the chain (the completely discretised approach), select combined sections of the chain (partially discretised approach where crude oil production and distribution are integrated, as are refining and refined product distribution, making two echelons) and the supply chain as a whole (an integrated approach where all elements are integrated into one echelon). Each model is designed as a planning tool over a desired time horizon of six months to determine the optimal levels of operational variables such as production rates, inventory levels and transported quantities. The objective is to maximise the overall supply chain profit. This gives the best possible operating conditions of the parts of the supply chain helping to guide investment decisions.

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ICTs in Security & Safety Solutions

Digital pipeline solution has the following features:

• High reliabilityThe solution's infrastructure network uses optical fibers and microwave to transmit data, covering all the sites along pipelines. The solution ensures reliable service transmission using a variety of methods, including satellite communication as a backup link to protect the entire network from going down due to any single-point failure.

• Seamless convergence of multiple office communication systemsThe solution enables independent office communication systems to converge and supports scheduling and trunking. Using multiple types of terminals, the solution enables conferencing and communication at anytime, anywhere.

• Effective risk responseBy using systems and technologies such as intelligent surveillance, SCADA, intrusion detection, and door access control, the digital pipeline solution helps oil and gas companies keep track of real-time pipeline operating status and environments. The solution also analyzes incidents intelligently and responds to risks rapidly to ensure pipeline security

Automation is proving increasingly useful for oil and gas pipeline operation, so the infrastructure network has to carry ever greater numbers of communication services. Production services such as SCADA, video surveillance, and scheduling services demand real-time capability and high reliability. On the other hand, management services such as office automation (OA) and video conference tend to involve high volumes of "bursty" traffic. Supporting all types of traffic requires versatile networking solutions.

• Application ScenarioThe infrastructure network is deployed along pipelines, connecting main control center, metering stations, pumping stations, compressor stations, and block valve stations that require communication in wireless and wired modes.

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