Means of communication and information

technology

KentonganHas been used for a long time, started from

kingdom of demak, surakarta, yogyakarta and etc.

FunctionTo give information (code/sign) for flood,

robbery, party, celebration and sign that praying time has come.

• SmokeFamous for Indian tribe in America

FunctionTo send secret information to a friend or foe Sample: One cloud of smoke mean danger

three……………………. Trouble/request for help

• Epigraphy and Palmyra palmFor correspondence started in period of

Kutai, Taruma Negara, Majapahit, Sriwijaya, and Mataram Kingdom

Modern Communication

• A telephone and cell phone

Invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 from fix line to a cellular phone since April 3rd 1973.

Not only for communicating, cell phone also has many funcitions. Sending text messages, pocket camera, video recorder, portable radio and even your pocket PC.

TelevisionA communication media trough electronic equipment where you can see vivid picture and hear the sound. It gives you various information from all over the world, invented in 1883 by Paul Nipkow from black and white TV to colorful TV and INTERNET TV now.

• Telegraph

Is a long distance message sender and reciver founded by Samuel F.B. Morse and Alexander Brain.

Telegraph uses Morse code (standard of tone, voice, or light transmitting data by differentiating dash and dot tap from sentence word, letter, number and punctuation mark message.

A message sent/received is called telegram.

FacsimileIs a machine that’s able to send document trough telephone network that produce the same result as the original document.Founded in 1843 by Alexander Bain from Scotland.It’s a scanner, modem, network printer and photocopier in one machine called FAX MACHINE

• Pager is a personal telecomunication tool to send and recieve

short message. Numerical pager can only recieve one way short messages and only consistsof a couple of digits, just like a phone number that can only be used to call. An alpha numerical pager can recieve a two way short massage service (SMS)

• Satellite Phone The size of satelitte phone is not as big as GSM phone.

This phone has inter-reciever intercom function (just like walky-talky)

Equipped with an automatic scanner to scan waves and other impressive features

• InternetInternet is one of most advancedx products of

communication and information technology at thnis moment . The development of intyernet started when computer networking technology was created in around 1960. initially, computer network was employed by the us force to develop nuclear weapons

The history of calculation tools

• At the first, our ancestors didn’t know any numerical symbols. Even so they had known how to coun. For example they counbted cattlen that they harded. Every morning when they released the cattle , they carved lines on the tree. Each line for animals.

Other tools that were used to count were fingers, pebbels and knots on rope . In south america people of inca indian use rope’s knots as numerical symbols . Symbolizes by certain knots arragement . All the knots arragements are called kuipu

The history of computer development

• The beginning of computer invention was startednby a mathematician professor from england, charles Babbage. Babbage made a diffrence engine that was used to calculate diffrential equation. By using steam energy , the engine can save program and calculate and print the result automatically.

• In 1890 Herman Hollerith from US census bureauwas ableto create punch card counting that uses punch card as a data medium.

• In 1944 Howard Aiken from harvard univesity together with business machine(IBM). Succeded in creating a machine that was able to perform a series of arithmetic operation automatically. This machine was called Mark I

• A. First generation of computer was developed during world war II . The characteristic of the computer in this generation was that its operating system was made specifically for certain task.

• B. Second Generation

The seccond generation computers didn’t have vacum tube anymore, wich was replaced by a transistor. There was also an anti-magnetic memory development to become smaller,faster relieable and more efficient in energy using, compared to the predecessor

• Third generation

transistor‘s componets that were used on the second generation computer were replaced with integaret circuit (IC). This is because transistor produced too much heat that could destroy computer’s internal partsic combined three elctronic componets in a small silicon disc was made from quartz sand