identify the discipline ______________ michondria atp consumer producer symbosis mrna trna...

Identify the Discipline ______________ michondria ATP consumer producer symbosis mRNA tRNA ______________ octagon decagon bisect equilateral quadrilateral _____________ nationalism imperialism isolationist radicalism anarchy monarchy oligarchy

Disciplinary Discourse Each discipline has its own vocabulary, way of speaking, ways of creating new knowledge, ways of looking at the world We must teach not only the content, but the ways of knowing the nature of our disciplinary thinking -- and the Discourse - the ways of speaking

Language is Important!

Polysemous Terms Words (and symbols) with multiple meanings: different meanings depending on context and discipline Base Part of a triangle Part of an exponential number (3X 2 ) Volume Measure of the space something occupies Measure of how loud or soft a sound is

Types of Vocabulary Categories of Vocabulary In Content Areas Categories of Vocabulary In Content Areas GENERAL: Includes academic language GENERAL: Includes academic language POLYSEMOUS: Terms with multiple meanings POLYSEMOUS: Terms with multiple meanings TECHNICAL: Terms used in particular ways in specific disciplines TECHNICAL: Terms used in particular ways in specific disciplines

Word Learning Tasks WordsConceptExamples from science Known wordKnown concept weather New wordKnown concept Meteorology, precipitation Known wordNew concept Pressure, storm watch, storm warning New wordNew concept hygrometer

Levels of Understanding Facts Weather forecast: 27 O F 98% humidity Literal Interpretive NO School Tough day & school JOYMISERY Application Transactive Your inference Your conclusion Your response ITS GOING TO SNOW!

Levels of Comprehension Applied to Vocabulary Word Perception spelling knowledge Literal - definitional knowledge Interpretive - relational knowledge Application - Use of vocabulary writing / talking Recognize word Rent Word Own Word Use Word Transactive - Value and enjoy words Collect Words

So, How do you teach vocabulary? Remember that teaching vocabulary is teaching the content Process mirrors the Learning Cycle: Before concept development and introduce the terms [preactive] During refine meaning [interactive] After reflection reinforcement [relational] But first, a story...

VOCABULARY SELECTION List of 61 words Look up words in dictionary and write a sentence FLOPPED! Checks identify the next years vocabulary words

Vocabulary Selection Select only those terms necessary for target concepts to be understood Is the term essential for concept attainment? Does the term provide an opportunity to build independence? [word parts / context clues] What is the relative importance of the term? What is the relation to key concepts?

Vocabulary Instruction PREACTIVE: Engage, Explore, and Build Concepts INTERACTIVE: Refine and Elaborate Vocabulary Knowledge REFLECTIVE: Connect, Transform, and Personalize Vocabulary Knowledge

Vocabulary Instruction in Disciplines Learning Cycle Preactive: Engage students in activities to develop concepts, then provide the label (math and science) Introduce and define terms prior to reading Interactive Refine their knowledge of terminology Emphasize multiple aspects of the meanings of the terms Reflective Connect, transform, and personalize knowledge Reinforce vocabulary Emphasize relational knowledge

Preactive: Construct Concepts Content AreaExample English/LA Use video, drama, preview of text [read aloud] to introduce concepts or themes Brainstorm with students use semantic map or synonym map to record ideas and discuss Math Use manipulatives to help students develop concepts Provide a problem for students to collaboratively discuss Generate data and solve problems in pairs or small groups Science mess about in science - water on wax paper Have students explore concepts through video, demonstration, or other experience Social Studies Use video, drama, preview of graphics to introduce concepts Brainstorm with students use semantic map to record ideas and discuss

Interactive Phase: Refining Meaning Help students extend and refine their understanding of vocabulary Strategies: Four square Frayer Model Concept of Definition Word Map

Four Square TermDefine in own words Word partsDiagram / other to help remember A versatile strategy that emphasizes multiple aspects of terms and concepts

Four Square: English Simile A type of figurative language that compares two unlike things by pointing out a way/ways they are alike uses LIKE or AS Examples: She is pretty as a picture. He runs like a cheetah. He is lower than a snakes belly in a road rut. Similes make language more interesting and colorful. Southerners use a lot of similes in their speech.

Four Square: math [triangle] Definition Three sided-polygon with angles adding to 180 Symbols / diagram Identified by angles Right has 1 90 angle Obtuse has 1 angle larger than 90, but less than 180 Acute has 3 acute angles [angle less than 90] Identified by sides Equilateral two sides are equal Isosceles all sides are equal

Four Square: math [functions] Verbal modelAlgebraic model Numeric or Tabular modelGraphic model Independent variable dependent

Four Square Example: science Mitosis: Cell division of plant and animal cells Two identical daughter cells result Occurs in somatic (body) cells. five stages: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Four Square: social studies Definition: Federalists Supported a strong central government People Alexander Hamilton George Washington James Madison [initially] Event - ratification of the Constitution Beliefs Saw the need to replace the Articles of Confederation with a federal form of government

Four Square Term: Polysemous Define in own words: Words that have multiple meanings Word parts: Poly = many Semous = meanings Example: Base: base 2, 10; base of triangle; chemical that turns litmus blue A versatile strategy that emphasizes multiple aspects of terms and concepts

Four Square try it Term and/or definitionDefine in own words / Word partsDiagram / other to help remember Choose a term from your vocabulary list and create a Four Square change the type of information required in the boxes to suit your needs.

Frayer Model ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICSNON-ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLESNON-EXAMPLES CONCEPT

Frayer Model - English ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS Figure of speech Comparison of two unlike things Uses like or as NON-ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS What is compared Length of words He is as strong as an ox. He was as quiet as a mouse. The little one looked like an angel. EXAMPLES He is an ox. [Metaphor] The wind whispered. [Personification] NON-EXAMPLES SIMILE

Frayer Model: Math ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS Two dimensional Three sides Three vertices Angles add to 180 NON-ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS Length of sides Measure of individual angles Scalene Obtuse Isosceles Acute Right EXAMPLES Square Circle Quadrilateral Rectangle Hexagon NON-EXAMPLES triangle

Frayer Model: Science ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICSNON-ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS Number of chromosomes in original cell Type of cell does not matter, as long as it has chromosomes Size of cell A fertilized egg Body [somatic] cells EXAMPLES Budding Meiosis Gamete production NON-EXAMPLES mitosis Genetic material duplicates before division One cell produces two daughter cells Daughter cells are identical

Frayer Model: Social Studies ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS Male Believed in a strong central government Wanted to replace the Articles of Confederation with a stronger document NON-ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS Persons age, state they live in, Where born Alexander Hamilton George Washington John Adams [only Federalist president] EXAMPLES Anti-Federalists like: Thomas Jefferson Patrick Henry [people who lived in new western territories] NON-EXAMPLES Federalists

Frayer Model ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICSNON-ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLESNON-EXAMPLES Take a piece of paper; fold it in half twice; fold over the inside corner you have created a Frayer Model blank. Choose a vocabulary term from your list created earlier and complete a Frayer Model for it.

Concept of Definition Map - What is it like? [properties or characteristics] Vocabulary Term What are some examples? COMPARISON Term Category:

Concept of Definition Map - ELA Category: Figure of Speech Comparison What is it like? [properties or characteristics] 2 unlike things Uses like or as SIMILE What are some examples? COMPARISON She sang like an angel. His eyes were as blue as the sky. He was as sly as a fox. METAPHOR

Concept of Definition Map - Math Category: polygon Three sides What is it like? [properties or characteristics] Three vertices Angles add to 180 triangle COMPARISON RightIsoscelesEquilateral What are some examples? quadrilateral

Concept of Definition Map -Science Category: asexual reproduction Genetic material duplicates What is it like? [properties or characteristics] Two daughter cells result Daughter cells are identical mitosis What are some examples? meiosis COMPARISON Fertilized egg growsSomatic cells replace themselves Unicellular organisms reproduce this way

Concept of Definition Map Social Studies Category: Political Party Believed in strong central government What is it like? [properties or characteristics] First political party in US Federalists COMPARISON Alexander HamiltonGeorge WashingtonJohn Adams Wanted to replace the Articles of Confederation What / who are some examples? Anti-Federalists

Concept of Definition Map - Category: What is it like? [properties or characteristics] What are some examples? COMPARISON Choose a term from your list and create a CD Map for the term.

Helping students own the concepts and vocabulary in your discipline

Reinforcing Vocabulary Word Perception: Word scrambles Word finds Literal Cross word puzzles Magic square Dictionary activities Fill in the blanks Interpretive: Word sorts Categories Graphic organizers Semantic Feature Analysis Application: Use of any of the interpretive activities in writing -- INCREASING COGNITIVE ENGAGEMENT spelling definitional relational employment & immersion

Word Sorts Word Sorts Categories Categories Graphic Organizers Graphic Organizers Semantic Feature Analysis Semantic Feature Analysis Interpretive level exercises

Word Sort: ELA Harry Potter Voldemort Rubeus Hagrid Albus Dumbledore Hermione Granger Vernon Dursley 4 Privet Drive Hogworts Hogsmead Ron Weasley Petunia Dursley Dudley Dursley Severus Snape Molly Weasley Hedwig Neville Longbottom Draco Malfoy Minerva McGonogall

Sort the following terms into conceptually related groups. POLYGONISOSCELESTRIANGLE RECTANGLERIGHT TRIANGLERHOMBUS EQUILATERALPARALLELGRAM SCALENE QUADRILATERALSQUARE TRAPEZOID OBTUSE TRIANGLE ACUTE TRIANGLE Next, provide a label for each group that specifies the relationship among the terms Some terms may be used more than once! Word Sort: Math

First, sort the following terms into two to three conceptually related groups. Some terms may be used more than once! ATOMELECTRON SHELLSNEUTRON ATMIC NUMBERELEMENTNUCLEUS ATOMIC WEIGHTGASPROTON COMPOUNDLIQUIDSOLID ELECTRON METALVALENCE ELECTRONS Next, provide a label for each group that specifies the relationship among the terms Now, sort each of the resulting groups once again provide a label for each group that specifies the relationship among the terms Continue sorting until you have a graphic organizer that shows how all the words are related. Word Sort: Science

Word Sort: History Alexander Hamilton Anti-federalists Articles of Confederation Bill of Rights Confederation Constitution Federal system Federalists George Washington John Adams Patrick Henry Sam Adams Strong central government Thomas Jefferson Identify the most inclusive terms below, use it as the title of this graphic organizer. Sort the remaining terms and phrases into 3 groups. Take each resulting group and sort again. Continue sorting until you have exhausted all hierarchical relationships.

In the example below, circle the word that does not belong, and give a title to the remaining terms that indicates their relationship: ______________________________ ProtonSenatorDiameter ElectronPresident Angle NeutronRepresentativeRadius NucleusSpeaker of House Categories - example

Harry Potter Valiant Evidence: Forlorn Evidence: Mischievous Evidence: Daring Evidence: Graphic Organizer: ELA Character Maps are useful to focus on vocabulary and characterization

ELA Graphic Organizer: Synonym Map ANNOUNCED EXCLAIMED PROCLAIMED SHOUTED DECLAIMED DECLARED SLURRED WHISPERED MOUTHED SAID MUMBLED

Matter StatesSolid _________________ StructureAtom __________ Proton __________ Neutron _______________________ Electrons______ Valence Electron _____ __________ Atoms of same kind __________ 2 or more different atoms bonded into new substance Graphic Organizer: Science

Use the terms below to complete the GO: Some used more than once POLYGONISOSCELESTRAPEZOID PARALLELOGRAM RECTANGLERHOMBUS SCALENE RIGHT TRIANGLE EQUILATERAL SQUARE TRIANGLE OBTUSE TRIANGLE QUADRILATERALACUTE TRIANGLE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER TRAPEZOID RECTANGLE RIGHT ACUTE

Graphic Organizer: History Federalists Anti-Federalists Believed in strong federal government Wanted a constitution Wanted repeal of the Articles of Confederation Alexander Hamilton Sam Adams George Washington John Adams Patriots // Founding of US government Feared a strong government Wanted a confederation Supported the Articles of Confederation Demanded a Bill of Rights Thomas Jefferson Patrick Henry George Mason

SFA Ideal for exploring subtle differences in meaning and aspects of relations among the terms Particularly effective for some content structures: taxonomy [forms of government, types of rocks, animals, chemical reactions, types of polygons] Use checks in blocks that indicate a relationship, leave others blank Semantic Feature Analysis

SFA: English/Language Arts MythFolk TaleFable Characters are not human Explains why things happen Fiction Includes magic Has a moral Takes place in past Includes animals that talk Begins with, Once upon a time

Terms:Equilateralequiangular4 sided3 sidedParallel sides Square Rectangle Triangle Rhombus Trapezoid SFA: Math

Features Insects: 6 legs3 body partsWingsLays eggsBitesstings Bees Ants Mosquitoes Wasps Cricket Flies SFA: Science

Party D=democrat R=republican Congress of same party Re- elected Served in Congress Won popular vote FDR JFK Nixon Carter Reagin Clinton HW Bush GW Bush Obama SFA: Social Studies

Activity Use your list of terms to: Create a graphic organizer that shows how the terms are related to each other Create at least three category items you might use with your students Use a Semantic Feature Analysis grid list your words in the wide column Generate a list of characteristics and write them in the first row, vertically Take a couple of minutes to try the SFA exercise yourself

identify the discipline ______________ michondria atp consumer producer symbosis mrna trna...

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