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IEC 61850 Modelling Guideline

Power Conversion and FACTS Working Group „Umrichtermodellierung mit IEC 61850“

5/31/2016

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Contents

Contents .................................................................................................................. 1

1 Foreword ........................................................................................................... 4

2 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 5

2.1 General ..................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Applications ............................................................................................... 5

2.3 Benefits ..................................................................................................... 5

2.3.1 Design phase .................................................................................. 6

2.3.2 Implementation phase ..................................................................... 6

2.3.3 Operation and maintenance phase ................................................... 6

3 Scope ................................................................................................................ 7

3.1 General ..................................................................................................... 7

3.2 Abbreviated terms ...................................................................................... 8

3.3 Abbreviated terms used in data object names ............................................. 9

4 Modelling approach for Power Converter and FACTS Systems .......................... 10

4.1 General ................................................................................................... 10

4.2 Description of the power conversion and FACTS parts .............................. 10

4.2.1 Point of connection grid 1 (=X1) ..................................................... 10

4.2.2 Transformer 1 (=TA1) .................................................................... 11

4.2.3 Grid 1 Filter (=RF1) ....................................................................... 11

4.2.4 Grid 1 converter (=TB1) ................................................................. 11

4.2.5 DC circuit (=C1) ............................................................................ 11

4.2.6 Grid 2 converter (=TB2) ................................................................. 11

4.2.7 Converter Cooling System (=GQ) ................................................... 11

4.2.8 Auxiliary Power System (=GZ) ....................................................... 11

4.2.9 Transformer 2 (=TA2) .................................................................... 11

4.2.10 Grid 2 Filter (=RF2) ....................................................................... 11

4.2.11 Point of connection Grid 2 (=X2) .................................................... 11

4.3 Description of different applications .......................................................... 12

4.3.1 Power Conversion ......................................................................... 12

4.3.2 FACTS .......................................................................................... 14

4.4 Generic Control Application ...................................................................... 16

5 Use Cases ....................................................................................................... 18

5.1 Change of operation status ...................................................................... 18

5.2 Sequence Abort ....................................................................................... 19

5.3 Quick Shutdown ....................................................................................... 19

5.4 Operation mode ....................................................................................... 20

5.5 Change of characteristic curve ................................................................. 21

5.6 Activate external reference ....................................................................... 22

6 Description of basic modelling approach for IEC 61850 ..................................... 24

6.1 General ................................................................................................... 24

6.2 Enumerations .......................................................................................... 24

6.3 Modelling conventions .............................................................................. 24

6.3.1 Measurement ................................................................................ 24

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6.3.2 Supervision ................................................................................... 24

6.3.3 Protection ..................................................................................... 24

6.3.4 Control and alarm handling ............................................................ 24

6.3.5 Description of characteristic curve for converter/FACTS control ...... 25

6.3.6 Logical Nodes classes ................................................................... 26

7 Description of new LNs, DOs, Enumerations ..................................................... 27

7.1 Enumerations .......................................................................................... 28

7.1.1 General ......................................................................................... 28

7.1.2 Charge DC status (ChaDCStKind enumeration) .............................. 29

7.1.3 Configuration DC status (ConfDCStKind enumeration) ................... 29

7.1.4 Connection DC status (ConnDCStKind enumeration) ...................... 29

7.1.5 Generation DC status (GenDCStKind enumeration) ........................ 30

7.1.6 Mode P (ModPKind enumeration) .................................................. 30

7.1.7 Mode Q (ModQKind enumeration) .................................................. 30

7.1.8 Operation command (OperationCmdKind enumeration) .................. 31

7.1.9 Operation Status (OperationStKind enumeration) ........................... 31

7.1.10 Sequencer status (SeqStKind enumeration) ................................... 31

7.2 New or extended classes ......................................................................... 32

7.2.1 General ......................................................................................... 32

7.2.2 Package LNGroupA ....................................................................... 33

7.2.3 Package LNGroupC ....................................................................... 36

7.2.4 Package LNGroupK ....................................................................... 41

7.2.5 Package LNGroupM ...................................................................... 46

7.2.6 Package LNGroupX ....................................................................... 49

7.3 Used, existing classes ............................................................................. 53

7.3.1 LNGroupK ..................................................................................... 53

7.3.2 LNGroupM .................................................................................... 53

7.3.3 LNGroupP ..................................................................................... 54

7.3.4 LNGroupS ..................................................................................... 54

7.3.5 LNGroupY ..................................................................................... 54

7.3.6 LNGroupZ ..................................................................................... 55

7.4 Data semantics ........................................................................................ 55

8 Description of specific Applications ................................................................... 58

8.1 SVC ........................................................................................................ 58

8.2 SFC ......................................................................................................... 61

8.3 HVDC ...................................................................................................... 62

Annex A SCL enumerations ................................................................................... 65

Annex B SCL-Description of different applications .................................................. 67

Annex C State Machines ........................................................................................ 68

Annex D Description of Characteristic Curves ......................................................... 71

D.1 Application SFC ....................................................................................... 72

D.1.1 Operation Mode: P-f characteristic ................................................. 72

D.1.2 Operation Mode: P fixed ................................................................ 73

D.1.3 Operation Mode: P-V characteristic ................................................ 73

D.1.4 Operation Mode: Q-V characteristic ............................................... 74

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D.1.5 Operation Mode: Q fixed ................................................................ 75

D.1.6 Operation Mode: Phi fixed ............................................................. 76

D.2 Application SVC ....................................................................................... 77



D.3 Application HVDC .................................................................................... 79

D.3.1 Operation Mode: P-F characteristic ................................................ 79

D.3.2 Operation Mode: P fixed ................................................................ 79

D.3.3 Operation Mode: P-V characteristic ................................................ 79



D.3.6 Operation Mode: Phi fixed ............................................................. 80

Annex E Borders/Remarks ..................................................................................... 81

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1 Foreword

This document was prepared by a working group of the Committee 952.0.10 of the German Commission for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technologies (DKE AK 952.0.10). The aim of this working group was the development of an IEC 61850 modelling for FACTS and power conversion systems. In detail existing applications like HVDC, SFC and FACTS were analysed and the requirements for a communication based on IEC 61850 described. Where needed new LNs were defined to have a complete IEC 61850 data model for these applications.

Working group members:

Jan Arph, H & S Hard- & Software Technologie GmbH & Co. KG

Thomas Bauer, Bayernwerk AG

Thomas Falkenhagen, DB Energie GmbH

Hans-Jürgen Gruber, TenneT TSO GmbH

Armin Heinrich, TenneT TSO GmbH

Kay Herbst, DB Energie GmbH

Josef Hochleitner, Siemens AG

Carsten Kelbert, Siemens AG

Dr. Jürgen Kurrat, ABB AG

Stephan Mertens, Balfour Beatty Rail GmbH

Hans-Günther Platz, Siemens AG

Thomas Röseler, Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH

Alexander Schlachter, ABB AG

Nicolas Söllner, Siemens AG

Jens Specht, Siemens AG

Jan-Thomas Walther, DB Energie GmbH

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2 Introduction

2.1 General

Static Frequency Converters (SFC) and rectifiers for rail grid applications and public power grids, Static Var Compensators (SVC), Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM) and High-Voltage DC transmission (HVDC)-systems usually are remote controlled by Network Control Center (NCC). Therefore these systems are integrated in the substation automation system. Up to now different communication protocols are used for this link (e.g. IEC 60870-5-101, -104, Modbus, Profibus). The aim of this work is to map the existing implementations of control for power converter und Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) to a common consistent communication solution based on standard IEC 61850.

Exemplary following operation issues have to be considered:

Toggle between different operation status (e.g. on, off, standby) by local or remote SCADA-system.

Selection of operation modes (e.g. self-sustaining automatic control, Variable frequency characteristic) by local or remote SCADA-system

Change of reference values and parameters by local or remote SCADA-system

Transmission of data points for visualisation of characteristics to SCADA-System

Transmission of status informations and alarms to SCADA-system

Monitoring issues

2.2 Applications

SFCs and rectifiers for rail grid applications and public power grids, SVC, STATCOM and HVDC-systems are used for active controlling the electric power. These applications can be divided into

Power conversion: Active and reactive power is controlled. Example applications are

o SFC

o Rectifiers

o Inverters

o HVDC transmission

FACTS: Only reactive power is controlled. Example applications are

o SVC

o STATCOM

2.3 Benefits

At the different project stages the integration of these applications into the SAS using the IEC 61850 brings versatile benefits.

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2.3.1 Design phase

Only one tool for the system specification is needed for the design of the communication inside the SAS. This is a basis for an integrated data model including the communication of the SFC, rectifiers, SVC or HVDC.

No separate gateways for protocol conversion are needed.

A multivendor data modelling is achievable.

A database with typical applications in a SAS including SFC, rectifiers, SVC and HVDC can be used.

2.3.2 Implementation phase

A reduction of the implementation costs is possible by continuously using the IEC 61850 for the communication between all components inside the substation automation system.

A standardised engineering process can be used.

No protocol conversion inside the SAS is needed.

One data model for all clients in the SAS (local control, proxy to remote control or others)

2.3.3 Operation and maintenance phase

A standardised service process for communication in SAS can be used.

The communication inside the complete SAS can be monitored by one tool.

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3 Scope

3.1 General

The scope of this document is the description and seamless integration of a generic application model into the SAS using the communication protocol IEC 61850. To support an easy integration into the SAS an open and vendor independent approach is taken. A specific modelling of a generic application model based on IEC 61850 data and communication modelling approach is used.

This document focuses on the applications of SFC and rectifiers for rail grid applications, SVC, STATCOM and HVDC systems. Already existing modelling approaches for systems and components (e.g. transformer, circuit breakers etc.) are not described in this document.

Benefits of the generic modelling approach are:

Reusability of the data model and templates for related use-cases

Manageable number of logical nodes (LN) for complex applications

Improved maintenance of the modelling from standardisation point of view

Less effort for future extensions and changes

Open for future innovations

Support for different standardized applications

Flexible mapping of different customer requirements with the same data model

To guarantee interoperability and to avoid proprietary approaches from different vendors a profiling is needed

Boundary conditions for the generic modelling approach are listed in Annex E.

Existing parts of IEC 61850 have been checked. Part IEC 61850-90-7 focuses on decentralized energy resources (DER). But the operation and control of the applications in this document are different compared to characteristics of DER:

SVC, SFC, rectifiers and HVDC are consumers and producers at the public grid

SVC, SFC, HVDC are controlled by centralized SCADA-Systems in a NCC

Energy demand for the 110-kV-railway network is balanced by primary and secondary grid controller (see 4.3.1.1)

This has consequences on the communication demand and data modelling by IEC 61850. Specifications of operation mode and control options are not available in DER-LN. Using the existing DER-approach a massive extension to the LN would be needed to cover the supplemental data for each of the described applications.

The goal is to define a core data model that covers all considered applications based on a limited number of data objects and a uniform modelling approach.

In this work only the communication based on IEC 61850 that is needed for the operational service, e.g. by a control center, is described. Figure 1 - Scope of this work and document shows this concrete scope and the borders to other interfaces and applications. Further data for maintenance, fault clearance and repair is not in the scope yet because an interoperable specification for operational services is a basic necessity at the first step. Such supplementary information can follow in a second step and these data have normally a specific vendor characteristic.

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Converter Substation

IED Converter

IED Substation

IEC 61850

Local control

Gateway/Proxy

Remote control

IED Substation

IED Substation

IED Converter

IED Converter

SubstationConverterConverter Substation

OperationOperation

OperationScope

Figure 1 - Scope of this work and document

3.2 Abbreviated terms

Table 1 shows the abbreviations used in this document.

Table 1 - Abbreviations

ABBREVIATION EXPLANATION

AC Alternating Current

DC Direct Current

DER Decentralised Energy Resources

DO Data Object

FACTS Flexible AC Transmission System

HVDC High-Voltage DC Transmission

IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor

GC Grid Controller

LCC Line-commutated converter

LN Logical Node

MSC Mechanical Switched Capacitors

MSR Mechanical Switched Reactors

NCC Network Control Center

RCI Remote Control Interface

RLC Resistor-Inductor-Capacitor-Filter

SAS Substation Automation System

SFC Static Frequency Converter

SVC Static Var Compensator

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

STATCOM Static Synchronous Compensator

TCR Thyristor controlled reactor

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TSC Thyristor switched capacitor

TSR Thyristor switched reactor

UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply

3.3 Abbreviated terms used in data object names

The following terms are used to build concatenated data object names. For example, ChNum is constructed by using two terms "Ch" which stands for "Channel" and "Num" which stands for "Number". Thus the concatenated name represents a "channel number".

Table 2 shows normative terms that are combined to create data object names.

Table 2 - Normative abbreviations for data object names

Term Description

Conf Configuration

Fir Fire

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4 Modelling approach for Power Converter and FACTS Systems

4.1 General

Chapter 4.3 describes the applications power converters and FACTS.

The objective of this chapter is to introduce a generic power flow controlling system which can be used for different applications. The generic scheme described in this chapter shows the basic structure of a frequency converter model. Parts of the converter in this context and therefore considered in the generic application model are

The converter itself (Primary components and control unit)

Transformers connected directly to the converter

Auxiliary power systems and converter cooling systems

NOTE Considered in the generic application model are

Switchgear branches connected to the converter (described in other parts of IEC 61850)

Grid filter circuits (no relevant information for the operational service)

Specific internal converter solutions which are dependent of the vendor’s realization.

In subchapter 4.2 a generic description of the power converter parts is given. The concrete specification of considered applications follows in subchapter 4.3.

4.2 Description of the power conversion and FACTS parts

The following section describes the generic power conversion and FACTS system basic design. Figure 2 shows the complete generic system with all intended parts.

=X1

=TA1=TB1

=X2

Converter Cooling System

=GQAux.Power

System

=GZ

=TB2=C1

=~ =

~

=TA2

=RF1 =RF2RLC RLC

Figure 2 - Generic converter basic design

4.2.1 Point of connection grid 1 (=X1)

The power conversion and FACTS system is connected to the electric power grid 1 with the point of connection grid 1, =X1.

Grid 1 is defined by:

voltage levels, e.g. 20 kV, 110 kV, 380 kV

frequencies, e.g. 50 Hz, 60 Hz

number of phases, e.g. 1, 2, 3

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4.2.2 Transformer 1 (=TA1)

Transformer 1 can be of oil-filled or dry type. It can contain several windings with different voltage levels and different numbers of windings. There can be an on-/offload tap changer.

Depending on transformer type, the auxiliary system provides different features, such as

cooling system with e.g. oil pumps, flow supervisions, cooling fans

transformer supervision with e.g. buchholz relay, pressure supervision devices, temperature measurement

4.2.3 Grid 1 Filter (=RF1)

The use of a filter is optional. It can be connected directly to the grid or to a transformer winding.

4.2.4 Grid 1 converter (=TB1)

The technology of the grid 1 converter depends on the aimed application. It controls the power flow or conversion.

4.2.5 DC circuit (=C1)

DC circuit can either be of capacitive or inductive energy storage type, maybe consisting of more than one element. The designation can therefore optionally be defined more precisely.

4.2.6 Grid 2 converter (=TB2)

The technology of the grid 2 converter depends on the aimed application. It controls the power flow or conversion.

4.2.7 Converter Cooling System (=GQ)

Converters and other parts can be air- or liquid-cooled. There are one or more pumps and fans working in parallel or redundant. It supervises i.e. the temperature, the conductivity, the pressure and the flow.

4.2.8 Auxiliary Power System (=GZ)

The auxiliary power system supplies single or redundant electric power with fail-over and an Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS).

The auxiliary system can offer additional features like infrastructure control and supervision for the building or container.

4.2.9 Transformer 2 (=TA2)

The transformer 2 is described similar to transformer 1. Some converter types can be connected directly to grid 2 without a transformer 2.

4.2.10 Grid 2 Filter (=RF2)

Please see grid 1 filter.

4.2.11 Point of connection Grid 2 (=X2)

The power conversion and FACTS system is connected to the electric power grid 2 with the point of connection grid 2, =X2.

Grid 2 can have

different voltage levels, e.g. 15 kV, 20 kV, 110 kV, 380 kV

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different frequencies, e.g. 60 Hz, 50 Hz, 16.7 Hz and

a different number of phases, e.g. 1, 2, 3

4.3 Description of different applications

The applications mentioned in the introduction of this document can be described by using the generic converter parts above in other compositions. The applications are divided into power conversion applications and FACTS applications.

4.3.1 Power Conversion

4.3.1.1 Static Frequency Converter

=X1

=TA1 =TB1

=X2


=GQAux.Power

System

=GZ

=TB2=C1

=~ =

~

=TA2

=RF1 =RF2RLC RLC

Figure 3 - Static Frequency Converter Application

Like the rotary phase converter, the static frequency converter (SFC) connects two electric grids (=X1 and =X2), i.e. to interchange electric power. The two grids may have different frequencies and a different amount of phases.

In contrast to the rotary phase converter, the SFC uses power electronics for the power conversion and instead of rotating machines. Static Frequency Converters are sometimes also called frequency changers.

The relation between the electrical values can be nonlinear and is described by operation modes. Annex D.1 shows typical characteristic curves of operation modes. The synchronization with another converter station may be a requested function. This document describes the data model of the converter which can be used to communicate between converter stations. The inter-station synchonization and the communication technique is out of the scope of this document.

The SFC usually consists of two converters, one rectifier and one inverter (=TB1 and =TB2), which are connected by a DC circuit (=C1). Power transformers (=TA1 and =TB2) may adapt the voltage to the level requested by the converter. The SFC system is located in a single converter station and controlled by a superior control function that acts on both converter units. A converter cooling system (=GQ) and an auxiliary power system (=GZ) are required equipment of the converter system. The grid filters (=RF1 and =RF2) reduce the harmonics impressed on the grid by the SFC.

Typical applications for SFC in the high power range are rail converter installations. The railway converters used in different European countries are SFCs or rotary converters and use the electric three phase 50 Hz transport and primary distribution grid to supply power for the two phase 16.7 Hz railway grid or the single phase 15 kV 16.7 Hz railway overhead line.

Another application is shore-to-ship where an anchored ship can shut down the on-board power generation and use the port electricity grid which might have a different frequency.

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The primary grid controller of the SFC expeditiously sets the operating point following the given characteristic. The secondary grid controller modifies parameters (i.e. FRefC) to fulfil additional needs, e.g. to modify the energy demand and reach contractual targets.

4.3.1.2 HVDC

=~ =

~ Long

Transmission Line


=GQ1

Aux.Power System

=GZ1


=GQ2

Aux.Power System

=GZ2

=X1 =X2

=TA1 =TA2=TB1 =TB2

=RF1 =RF2RLC RLC

Figure 4 - HVDC Application

An HVDC system usually consists of at least two converter stations, realized in thyristor or IGBT valve technology. The converters are connected by means of a common intermediate voltage or current circuit on the DC side. On the AC side they are connected to either the same or independent electrical AC grids (=X1 and =X2) by power transformers (=TA1 and TA2) often equipped with tap changers.

HVDC systems may be installed because of economic considerations, especially for long-distance bulk power transmission - or simply because it is the only feasible solution for the required application, e.g. long subsea cables or network coupling with different nominal frequencies.

The main difference of power transmission with HVDC systems is that, in opposite to conventional meshed AC high voltage grids, active power flow across the link can be actively controlled in any direction, accurately and very fast, reaching control ranges of GW/s. Power transmission is typically performed based on scheduled operator setpoints and superordinated stability functions, which automatically alter or modulate the power flow in case of severe network contingencies like detected power swings, frequency deviations or critical loss of demand or generation.

In addition, also reactive power exchange with the connected networks can be influenced, depending on the technology either continuously by using the converter itself or in discrete steps by switching on and off mechanical switched reactors (MSRs), mechanical switched capacitors (MSCs) or specially tuned harmonic filter circuits (=RF1 and RF2). Thus, an HVDC is also able to inherently fulfil shunt compensation tasks.

As there is a big distance between the stations each individual station has its own auxiliary systems (parts =GZ, =GQ).

HVDC links are usually controlled from one or multiple NCC SCADA-systems, connected to the converter stations via remote control interface (RCI) gateways, and local or remote HMI systems, directly assigned to each station. As converter stations are usually located far away from each other each station has its own independent control system, either acting in a coordinated master/slave principle or communicating to a central higher level grid controller (GC).

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4.3.1.3 DC-Applications (Rectifiers)

=~


=GQAux.Power

System

=GZ

=X1

=TA1=TB1 =C1

=X2

=RF1RLC

Figure 5 - DC Application (rectifier)

DC railways and most metros have an electric DC traction. Rectifiers (=TB1) source the AC grid (=X1) and supply the traction power with a single phase DC power line (=X2). This power conversion system can be described by leaving the inverter (=TB2), the second transformer (=TA2) and the grid filter =RF2 out of the complete power conversion model. The converter needs a converter cooling system (=GQ) and an auxiliary power system (=GZ). Figure 5 shows a resulting design.

If the rectifier consists of active valves like IGBTs, it can transfer the recoverable energy from the DC power line to the three phase AC grid. For using the recoverable energy with a passive rectifier, please see section 4.3.1.4.

4.3.1.4 DC-Applications (Inverters)

=~ =X1

=TA1=TB1 =C1

=X2

RLC

=~


=GQAux.Power

System

=GZ

=TB2

Figure 6 - DC application (rectifier with inverter)

If the rectifier (=TB1) for railway applications consists of only passive valves then there will have to be an additional inverter to transport the recoverable energy from the DC system (=X2) to the AC grid (=X1). Depending on the network design, the inverter can use same transformer (=TA1) as the rectifier.

Applications for inverters are renewable energy sources (e.g. photovoltaic) for which Figure 5 applies.

4.3.2 FACTS

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) comprise various power-electronic based technologies for very fast supply of inductive or capacitive reactive power to the electrical grid under consideration of application specific control strategies. In contrast to Power Conversion systems and in the context of this paper all FACTS considered

15

are parallel (shunt) connected systems. Series connected FACTS are not subject of the present contemplation since their equivalent circuit do not comply with the generic model developed.

The main task of FACTS is not to transport or convert active power, but to control reactive power of grid =X1. Therefore no grid =X2, no transformer =TA2, no filter =RF2 and no converter =TB2 are needed.

4.3.2.1 STATCOM

=~ =X1

=TA1=TB1 =C1

=RF1


=GQAux.Power

System

=GZ

RLC

Figure 7 - STATCOM application

The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) comprises a system that can be described by the main components coupling transformer (=TA1), the converter circuit (=TB1), the DC link capacitor =C1 and the RLC filter circuit for harmonic current suppression (=RF1). It is connected to a grid =X1. It’s topology and control does allow providing as quick as possible inductive or capacitive power to an electrical grid irrespective of the present value of the grid operation voltage. The converter cooling system (=GQ) and the auxiliary power system (=GZ) accomplish the entire STATCOM system. The relation between the electrical values can be nonlinear and is described by operation modes. Annex D.2 shows typical characteristic curves of operation modes. The power range of technical STATCOM applications vary from some Mvars to systems rated more than 100 Mvar. Typical applications for STATCOM systems in lower power range can be found in the industrial area (e.g. mining, oil & gas) whereas systems representing the high power range can be found in the utility area and in high power consuming industrial environments (e.g. electric arc furnaces).

STATCOM systems and in the context of this paper do have a primary grid controller only which sets the operation point following the given characteristic.

4.3.2.2 SVC

~


=GQAux.Power

System

=GZ

=X1

=TA1

=TB1

Figure 8 - SVC application

16

Like a rotary phase shifting device such as a synchronous generator the Static Var Compensator (SVC) also provides reactive power to an electrical grid. In contrast to the rotary phase shifter, the SVC uses power electronics and passive RLC components instead of rotating machines for providing the reactive power. In the context of this paper the converter (=TB1) consists of a combination of thyristor controlled reactors, thyristor switched capacitors and parallel connected filter circuits. Typically the converter is connected via the transformer (=TA1) to the electrical grid. The converter cooling system (=GQ) and the auxiliary power system (=GZ) accomplish the entire SVC system The relation between the electrical values is linear and is described by operation modes. Annex D.2 shows typical characteristic curves of operation modes. Typical applications for SVC in the high power range (>50 Mvar) are flicker mitigation systems for electric arc furnace applications or voltage and power flow stabilizing systems in power transmission systems.

SVC systems and in the context of this paper do have a primary grid controller only which sets the operation point following the given characteristic.

4.4 Generic Control Application

As shown in chapter 4.3 the different applications are based on the same generic converter application presented in chapter 4.2. From this follows that a generic application model based on IEC 61850 for the generic converter application is useful to describe all the specific applications based on this.

For the operational service of the generic converter application, following aspects are considered:

Measurement

Supervision

Protection

Control

Change of FACTS or power conversion characteristics

Based on these aspects the behaviour of the generic application is controlled by two inputs:

Control of Operation (e.g. off, on, standby)

Control of Output (As output the generic converter provides I, P and Q to the grid.)

Figure 9 shows the application with reference and controlled values in respectively from the same grid. In Figure 10 there is the reference value given from the one grid and the application controls values on another grid.

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Grid

I, P, Q

(provided to grid)

V, f(determined

by grid)

Control of Operation - application

specific control

of operation

(e.g. On, Off, …

or

Start, Stop, …)

- Cancel

- Shutdown

Control of Output I (P, Q) - P/f operation

- P/V operation

- Q/V operation

Generic FACTS

Power Conversion

Application

LN [CFPC]

LN [XCON]=TB

LN [ASEQ]

Figure 9 - Generic power flow controlling application with reference and

controlled values in the same grid

Grid 2

I, P

(provided to grid)

f

(determined

by grid)

Grid 1

Control of Operation - application

specific control

of operation

(e.g. On, Off, …

or

Start, Stop, …)

- Cancel

- Shutdown

Control of Output I (P) - P/f operation

LN [CFPC]

LN [XCON]=TB

LN [ASEQ]

Generic

Power Conversion

Application

Figure 10 - Generic power flow controlling application with reference and controlled values in different grids

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5 Use Cases

5.1 Change of operation status

With the control unit at =TB0 the operation status of the converter station could be changed.

Figure 11 - Control of operation status

Actor(s):

Name Role description

Local Control / Remote Control

Local or Remote HMI, SCADA-system that displays values and issues control commands

Use case(s):

Name Service or information provided

Get Operation Status Get active Operation Status of the converter system

uc Conv erter Status / Generic Sequence Processing

Control System

Get Conv erter Status

Control Operation

Mode

:Actor

:Conv erter

Get Sequence Status

Control Sequence

Mode

:Sequence State

Machine

:Protection

Emergency Shutdown

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Control Operation Status Change Operation Status of the converter system

Basic flow:

Get Operation Status

Use Case step

Description

Step 1 Get the current operation status

Step 2 Provide the status to the Local Control / Remote Control

Control Operation Status

Use Case step

Description

Step 1 Local Control / Remote Control sends operation status change request command

Step 2 Operation status change is triggered accordingly

Step 3 Provide the new active Operation status to the Local Control / Remote Control

5.2 Sequence Abort

Actor(s):




Use case(s):


Initiate Sequence Abort Abort a running sequence

Basic flow:

Initiate Sequence Abort

Use Case step

Description

Step 1 Local Control / Remote Control sends sequence abort command

Step 2 Abort of running sequence is triggered accordingly

Step 3 Provide the new Sequence Status to the Local Control / Remote Control

5.3 Quick Shutdown

Actor(s):




Use case(s):


Initiate Quick Shutdown Initiate Quick Shutdown of the converter station or separate converter unit

20

Basic flow: Initiate Sequence Abort

Use Case step

Description

Step 1 Local Control / Remote Control sends quick shutdown command

Step 2 Quick shutdown triggered accordingly

Step 3 Provide the new Operation Status to the Local Control / Remote Control

5.4 Operation mode

Figure 12 - Operation mode

Actor(s):




Use case(s):


Get Operation P-Mode Get active Operation P-Modus of the converter system

Get Operation Q-Mode Get active Operation Q-Modus of the converter system

Control Operation P-Mode Change Operation P-Modus of the converter

Control Operation Q-Mode Change Operation Q-Modus of the converter

Basic flow:

Get Operation P-Modus

Use Case step

Description

Step 1 Get the current operation P-modus


uc Activ e/Reactiv e Power Mode Selection

Control System

Control Mode of P-

Control

Control Mode of Q-

Control

:Actor

21

Get Operation Q-Modus

Use Case step

Description

Step 1 Get the current operation Q-modus


Control Operation P-Modus

Use Case step

Description

Step 1 Local Control / Remote Control sends operation P-modus change request command

Step 2 Operation P-modus change is triggered accordingly

Step 3 Provide the active Operation P-modus to the Local Control / Remote Control

Control Operation Q-Modus

Use Case step

Description

Step 1 Local Control / Remote Control sends operation Q-modus change request command

Step 2 Operation Q-modus change is triggered accordingly

Step 3 Provide the active Operation Q-modus to the Local Control / Remote Control

5.5 Change of characteristic curve

Figure 13 - Change of characteristic curve

Actor(s):




Use case(s):


Get Active Values of P-f-Curve 1

Get active values of characteristic P-f-curve of the converter system

Control Values of P-f-Curve 1 Change values of characteristic P-f-curve of the converter system

Select Active Characteristic Select active characteristic curve of the

uc Activ e Power Control

Control System

:Actor

Control P-Control Settings

uc Reactiv e Power Control

Control System

:ActorControl Q-Control Settings

22

Curve converter

Basic flow:

Get Active Values of P-f-Curve 1

Use Case step

Description

Step 1 Get the Active Values of P-f-Curve 1

Step 2 Provide the Active Values of P-f-Curve 1 to the Local Control / Remote Control

Control Values of P-f-Curve 1

Use Case step

Description

Step 1 Local Control / Remote Control sends new characteristic curve values change request command

Step 2 Change of characteristic curve values is triggered accordingly

Step 3 Provide the active characteristic curve values to the Local Control / Remote Control

Select Active Characteristic Curve

Use Case step

Description

Step 1 Local Control / Remote Control sends selection of active characteristic curve change request command

Step 2 Selection of active characteristic curve change is triggered accordingly

Step 3 Provide the active characteristic curve to the Local Control / Remote Control

5.6 Activate external reference

uc Control by External Reference

Control System

:Actor

Control P-Control

Settings

Control by External

Reference

:External

Reference

23

Figure 14 - External Reference

Actor(s):




External Reference Externally provided analogue reference signal

Use case(s):


Activate external reference Activation of the external reference as regulation of the converter unit

Error external reference Error indication of the external reference signal

Basic flow:

Activate external reference

Use Case step

Description

Step 1 Local Control / Remote Control sends activation command for external reference

Step 2 External reference signal is activated accordingly

Step 3 Provide the status of the external reference input to the Local Control / Remote Control

Error external reference

Use Case step

Description

Step 1 External reference Signal is disturbed

Step 2 Provide the disturbance of the external reference signal to the Local Control / Remote Control

24

6 Description of basic modelling approach for IEC 61850

6.1 General

For the further discussion of the IEC 61850 data the top-down-approach is used. Based on the identified applications a non-vendor specific IEC 61850-data model is developed.

If possible existing LNs and DOs are used. But the existing LNs and DOs in IEC 61850-7-4 and IEC 61850-90-7 that contain converter relevant information do not fulfil the requirements to describe the necessary control data for the generic applications shown in chapter 4.4.

The relevant new DOs are described in the following chapters. A complete look at the new LNs and DOs is given in chapter 7.

The results in chapter 4.4 lead to the following modelling conventions.

6.2 Enumerations

Enumerations are used for control and alarm handling. General used values are defined for the enumerations with the naming convention suffix “Kind”. As none of the enumeration values is mandatory by standard, the application required values have to be defined in an SCL file. Application specific extensions of these enumerations are allowed by the standard. Annex A lists the SCL description of the default enumerations.

6.3 Modelling conventions

6.3.1 Measurement

Current, Voltage and Power are allocated to the connection point to the relevant grid and modelled by the LN MMXU.

6.3.2 Supervision

Supervision is modelled with the DO EEHealth and is allocated to the primary components like converter and cooling system.

6.3.3 Protection

Start and trip are allocated to the central component of the transformer or converter .

6.3.4 Control and alarm handling

6.3.4.1 Operation status

The aspect operation status of power converter / FACTS is comparable with the operation status of a circuit breaker. But the components of the generic application have more states than a circuit breaker, because the converter / FACTS application is more complex than circuit breaker application. Besides on and off it is necessary to abort sequences and to have a shut-down-possibility in case of an emergency. The DO OperationSt contains typical states. Additional entries are possible as the CDC ENC is used. (see OperationStKind and SeqStKind)

With EnaOpCmd1 the converter gives remote indications which status can be reached, separate DOs are modelled from CDC SPS. If the DO has the value TRUE the relevant status of the sequence can be reached. For each available state transition there has to be one instance of EnaOpCmd.

25

In Annex C the relevant state-machines are given. They are a proposal to show how the control possibilities can interact. The state-machines have to be adapted for the specific application.

6.3.4.2 Operation mode

The control of the output is done with the operation mode. The following base characteristics are implemented. For all of these operation modes characteristic curves exist. Examples are shown in Annex D.

Table 3 Modelled characteristics

Reference value Controlled value Description

Frequency f Active Power P P = function of f

Voltage V Active Power P P = function of V

Active Power P Fixed P

Frequency f Fixed f

Current I Fixed I

Voltage V Reactive Power Q Q = function of V

Voltage V_min/V_max Reactive Power Q Q = band for V=V_min … V_max

Reactive Power Q Fixed Q

Power factor Phi Fixed Phi

These operation modes are modelled with the DOs ModeP and ModeQ from CDC ENC. Additional modes could be implemented easily.

6.3.5 Description of characteristic curve for converter/FACTS control

The characteristic of each operation mode could be described by two methods:

Characteristic curve is described by array of inflection points (CDC CSG)

Each Reference values is a separate DO from CDC APC

The example shows the P-f-characteristic used at the SFC application. The characteristic curves for the other applications and operation modes can be found in Annex D.

26

Figure 15 - Description of characteristic curve: P-f characteristic

In the case that the characteristic curve is described by an array of the inflection points the clients need the knowledge to interpret the curve the correct way. Not used reference values have to be frozen with the last known value at the client side.

6.3.6 Logical Nodes classes

Chapter 4.2 introduces the components of the generic application model. For transformers and measurements Logical Node classes already exist. For the components of the converter specific LN-classes are introduced:

Table 4 Overview of new logical nodes

LN

name Explanation

[ASEQ] Sequence Control

[CFPC] Control FACTS and Power Conversion Application

[XCON] Primary CONverter

[XDCC] Primary DC Circuit

[MCON] Measurement CONverter

[KFAS] Fire Alarm System

[KBSV] Building SuperVision

[KCGR] Cooling Group

By this new LN classes the information in the considered components are grouped in the relevant LN. This complies with the already existing LN classes for e.g. switchgears and other primary equipment. Converter units as the smallest entities can be flexibly instantiated to meet the specific application technology or system setup.

The complete description of the new Logical Node classes can be found in chapter 7.

27

7 Description of new LNs, DOs, Enumerations

For the generic application model the following Logical Node classes, Data Objects and Enumerations are necessary. Figure 16 shows the overview of the UML model for the introduced or extended elements.

Figure 16 - Overview of UML model

class IEC61850_90_14

DOEnums_90_14

+ ChaDCStKind

+ ConfDCStKind

+ ConnDCStKind

+ GenDCStKind

+ ModPKind

+ ModQKind

+ OperationCmdKind

+ OperationStKind

+ SeqStKind

+ DetailedDiagrams

Logica lNodes_90_14

+ LNGroupA

+ LNGroupC

+ LNGroupK

+ LNGroupM

+ LNGroupX

IEC61850_90_14Namespace

+ date: P_VisString64 = 2016-03-15 {readOnly}

+ id: P_VisString64 = DKE 61850-90-14 {readOnly}

+ revision: P_VisString64 = A {readOnly}

+ tissuesApplied: P_VisString255 {readOnly}

+ version: P_VisString64 = 2016 {readOnly}

Abbr ev ia t ions_90_14

+ Abbreviations_90_14

Der iv edDAs_90_14 Der iv edCDCs_90_14

+ ENCGenDCSt

+ ENCModP

+ ENCModQ

+ ENCOperationCmd

+ ENSChaDCSt

+ ENSConfDCSt

+ ENSConnDCSt

+ ENSOperationSt

+ ENSSeqSt

28

7.1 Enumerations

7.1.1 General

Figure 17 - UML model of the enumerations

Figure 18 - UML model of the derived CDCs

class DOEnums_90_14

«enumeration»

DOEnums_90_14::

Oper a t ionStK ind

Tripped = 1

Off_Earthed = 2

Off_Isolated = 3

Off = 4

Standby = 5

On = 6

On_Testing = 7

On_Islanded = 8

«enumeration»

DOEnums_90_14::

Oper a t ionCmdKind

Off_Earthed = 1

Off_Isolated = 2

Off = 3

Standby = 4

On = 5

On_Testing = 6

On_Islanded = 7

«enumeration»

DOEnums_90_14::

GenDCStK ind

Demand = 1

Generation = 2

«enumeration»

DOEnums_90_14::

SeqStK ind

Sequence_Off = 1

Sequence_On = 2

Sequence_Aborted = 3

«enumeration»

DOEnums_90_14::

ModQKind

None = 0

Q_V_operation = 1

Q_Fixed = 2

Q_Band = 3

Phi_Fixed = 4

FlickerCtl = 5

«enumeration»

DOEnums_90_14::

ModPK ind

None = 0

P_f_operation = 1

P_V_operation = 2

P_fixed = 3

f_coupled = 4

Amp_fixed = 5

P_DCVol_operation = 6

«enumeration»

DOEnums_90_14::

ChaDCStK ind

Charging = 1

Charged = 2

Discharging = 3

Discharged = 4

«enumeration»

DOEnums_90_14::

ConnDCStK ind

DC_Connected = 1

DC_Isolated = 2

DC_Isolated_Grounded = 3

«enumeration»

DOEnums_90_14::

ConfDCStK ind

Bipole = 1

RigidBipole = 2

GroundDMRReturn = 3

MetallicHVReturn = 4

ParallelReturn = 5

HVLOpReturn = 6

OLT = 7

class Der iv edCDCs_90_14

existing (standard 7-4)

ENSOper a t ionSt

SubstitutionCDC

CDCSta tusInfo::ENS

ENCOper a t ionCmd

ControlTestingCDC

CDCContr ol::ENC

ENCGenDCSt

ENSSeqSt ENCModQENCModP

ENSChaDCSt ENSConnDCStENSConfDCSt

29

7.1.2 Charge DC status (ChaDCStKind enumeration)

Component charging status.

Table 5 shows all enumeration items of ChaDCStKind.

Table 5 – Literals of ChaDCStKind

ChaDCStKind

enumeration item value description

Charging 1 Component is charging

Charged 2 Component is charged

Discharging 3 Component is discharging

Discharged 4 Component is discharged

7.1.3 Configuration DC status (ConfDCStKind enumeration)

The DC yard configuration.

Table 6 shows all enumeration items of ConfDCStKind.

Table 6 – Literals of ConfDCStKind

ConfDCStKind


Bipole 1 DC Yard Bipole Configuration

RigidBipole 2 DC Yard Rigid Bipole Configuration

GroundDMRReturn 3 DC Yard Ground/Dedicated Metallic Return Configuration

MetallicHVReturn 4 DC Yard Metallic/High Voltage Return Configuration

ParallelReturn 5 DC Yard Parallel Return Configuration

HVLOpReturn 6 DC Yard High Voltage Line Other Pole Return Configuration

OLT 7 DC Yard Open Line Test Configuration

7.1.4 Connection DC status (ConnDCStKind enumeration)

The status of the DC connection.

Table 7 shows all enumeration items of ConnDCStKind.

Table 7 – Literals of ConnDCStKind

ConnDCStKind


DC_Connected 1 Converter Connected to DC Circuit

DC_Isolated 2 Converter Isolated from DC Circuit

30

ConnDCStKind


DC_Isolated_Grounded 3 Converter Isolated from DC Circuit and grounded

7.1.5 Generation DC status (GenDCStKind enumeration)

The status of the DC generation.

Table 8 shows all enumeration items of GenDCStKind.

Table 8 – Literals of GenDCStKind

GenDCStKind


Demand 1 Active Power Consumption ("Rectifier") / Import from power grid / Demand

Generation 2 Active Power Generation ("Inverter") / Export to power grid / Generation

7.1.6 Mode P (ModPKind enumeration)

Modus of active power control.

Table 9 shows all enumeration items of ModPKind.

Table 9 – Literals of ModPKind

ModPKind


None 0 No characteristic is active

P_f_operation 1 P = function of f according characteristic via curve

P_V_operation 2 P = function of V according characteristic via curve

P_fixed 3 P = P_fixed

f_coupled 4 f = f_coupled

Amp_fixed 5 I = AmpFix, I-Mode / Current Control I-Mode

P_DCVol_operation 6 P = function of DC voltage

7.1.7 Mode Q (ModQKind enumeration)

Modus of reactive power control.

Table 10 shows all enumeration items of ModQKind.

Table 10 – Literals of ModQKind

ModQKind


None 0 No characteristic is active

31

ModQKind


Q_V_operation 1 Q = function of V according characteristic via curve

Q_Fixed 2 Q = Q_Fixed

Q_Band 3 Q = Q_band for V=V_min … V_max

Phi_Fixed 4 Phi = fixed

FlickerCtl 5 Compensation of flickers

7.1.8 Operation command (OperationCmdKind enumeration)

Command to control converter.

Table 11 shows all enumeration items of OperationCmdKind.

Table 11 – Literals of OperationCmdKind

OperationCmdKind


Off_Earthed 1 Off and earthed.

Off_Isolated 2 Off and isolated.

Off 3 Off.

Standby 4 Standby.

On 5 Regular on.

On_Testing 6 On for testing.

On_Islanded 7 On and islanded.

7.1.9 Operation Status (OperationStKind enumeration)

Operation status of the converter.

Table 12 shows all enumeration items of OperationStKind.

Table 12 – Literals of OperationStKind

OperationStKind


Tripped 1 Tripped

Off_Earthed 2 Off and earthed

Off_Isolated 3 Off and isolated

Off 4 Off

Standby 5 Standby

On 6 Regular on.

On_Testing 7 On for testing.

On_Islanded 8 On and islanded

7.1.10 Sequencer status (SeqStKind enumeration)

The status of the sequencer.

32

Table 13 shows all enumeration items of SeqStKind.

Table 13 – Literals of SeqStKind

SeqStKind


Sequence_Off 1 Sequence is not running.

Sequence_On 2 Sequence is running.

Sequence_Aborted 3 sequence is not running, running sequence has been aborted.

7.2 New or extended classes

7.2.1 General

Figure 19 – Class diagram LogicalNodes_90_14::LogicalNodes_90_14

class Logica lNodes_90_14

LNGr oupA

+ ASEQ

LNGr oupC

+ CFPC

LNGr oupK

+ KBSV

+ KCGR

+ KFAS

LNGr oupM

+ MCON

LNGr oupX

+ XCON

+ XDCC

33

7.2.2 Package LNGroupA

7.2.2.1 General

Figure 20 – Class diagram LNGroupA::LNGroupANew

7.2.2.2 ASEQ LN

The role of this logical node is to provide information regarding sequences of actions during startup or stopping of a function.

Table 14 shows all data objects of ASEQ.

Table 14 – Data objects of ASEQ

ASEQ

Data object name

Common data class

T Explanation PresCond nds/ds

Descriptions

NamPlt LPL inherited from: DomainLN O / O

Status information

EnaOpCmd1

SPS Operation Command 1 enable O / F

OperationSt

ENS (ENSOperationSt)

State of application: application specific

O / F

SeqSt ENS (ENSSeqSt)

no sequence, sequence running, sequence aborted

O / F

Loc SPS inherited from: ControllingLN O / F

cla ss LNGr oupANew


ASEQ

+ Ack: SPC [0..1]

+ Cancel: SPC [0..1]

+ EnaOpCmd1: SPS [0..1]

+ OperationCmd: ENCOperationCmd [0..1]

+ OperationSt: ENSOperationSt [0..1]

+ SeqSt: ENSSeqSt [0..1]

+ Shutdown: SPC [0..1]

ControlledLN

Abstr actLNsCommon::Automat icContr olLN

34

ASEQ

Data object name

Common data class


LocKey SPS inherited from: ControllingLN OF(Loc) / F

Blk SPS inherited from: FunctionLN O / F

ClcExp SPS T inherited from: StatisticsLN O / O

Beh ENS (BehaviourModeKind)

inherited from: DomainLN M / M

Health ENS (HealthKind)

inherited from: DomainLN O / O

Mir SPS inherited from: DomainLN MOcond(1) / MOcond(1)

Controls

Ack SPC Remote Alarm Reset O / F

Cancel SPC Abort Sequence O / F

OperationCmd

ENC (ENCOperationCmd)

Command for Change of State : application specific

O / F

Shutdown

SPC Quick shutdown O / F

Auto SPC inherited from: AutomaticControlLN

O / F

CmdBlk SPC inherited from: ControlledLN O / F

OpCntRs INC inherited from: ControlledLN O / O

LocSta SPC inherited from: ControllingLN OF(Loc) / F

ClcStr SPC inherited from: StatisticsLN O / O

Mod ENC (BehaviourModeKind)


Settings

BlkRef ORG inherited from: FunctionLN Omulti / F

ClcMth ENG (CalcMethodKind)

inherited from: StatisticsLN O / M

ClcMod ENG (CalcModeKind)

inherited from: StatisticsLN O / O

ClcIntvTyp

ENG (CalcIntervalKind)


ClcIntvPe ING inherited from: StatisticsLN O / O

35

ASEQ

Data object name

Common data class


r

NumSubIntv

ING inherited from: StatisticsLN O / O

ClcRfTyp ENG (CalcIntervalKind)


ClcRfPer ING inherited from: StatisticsLN O / O

ClcSrc ORG inherited from: StatisticsLN F / M

ClcNxtTmms


InSyn ORG inherited from: StatisticsLN O / O

InRef ORG inherited from: DomainLN Omulti / Omulti

36

7.2.3 Package LNGroupC

7.2.3.1 General

Figure 21 – Class diagram LNGroupC::LNGroupCNew

cla ss LNGr oupCNew


CFPC

+ AlmRefInp: SPS [0..1]

+ DCAmpFix: APC [0..1]

+ DCAmpRmpRte: APC [0..1]

+ DCVolFix: APC [0..1]

+ EnaExtDev: SPC [0..1]

+ FRefA: APC [0..1]

+ FRefB: APC [0..1]

+ FRefC: APC [0..1]

+ FRefD: APC [0..1]

+ Gain: APC [0..1]

+ GenDCSt: ENCGenDCSt [0..1]

+ GradNA: APC [0..1]

+ GradNB: APC [0..1]

+ GradNC: APC [0..1]

+ GradND: APC [0..1]

+ HldOnOpPt: SPC [0..1]

+ IslOp: SPS [0..1]

+ MasterSt: SPS [0..1]

+ ModP: ENCModP [0..1]

+ ModQ: ENCModQ [0..1]

+ OperationBlk: SPS [0..1]

+ PfCrv1: CSG [0..1]

+ PfCrvSet1: CSG [0..1]

+ PFix: APC [0..1]

+ PFixMax: APC [0..1]

+ PFixMin: APC [0..1]

+ PhiRmpRte: APC [0..1]

+ PMaxG: APC [0..1]

+ PMaxL: APC [0..1]

+ PRangeExd: SPS [0..1]

+ PRmpRte: APC [0..1]

+ PRmptms: APC [0..1]

+ PVCrv: CSG [0..1]

+ PVCrvSet: CSG [0..1]

+ PVRef: APC [0..1]

+ QBnd: APC [0..1]

+ QFix: APC [0..1]

+ QGradNA: APC [0..1]

+ QGradNB: APC [0..1]

+ QGradNC: APC [0..1]

+ QMaxC: APC [0..1]

+ QMaxI: APC [0..1]

+ QPhiFix: APC [0..1]

+ QRangeExd: SPS [0..1]

+ QRmpRte: APC [0..1]

+ QVCrv: CSG [0..1]

+ QVCrvSet: CSG [0..1]

+ QVRef: APC [0..1]

+ RefExtOn: SPC [0..1]

+ RndPwrDCOn: SPC [0..1]

+ SelPfCrv: INC [0..1]

+ SetDefault: SPC [0..1]

+ Slope: APC [0..1]

+ Vmax: APC [0..1]

+ Vmin: APC [0..1]

ControllingLN

Abstr actLNsCommon::Contr ol ledLN

37

7.2.3.2 CFPC LN

Table 15 shows all data objects of CFPC.

Table 15 – Data objects of CFPC

CFPC

Data object name

Common data class


Descriptions


Status information

AlmRefInp

SPS Reference value disturbed O / F

IslOp SPS Island operation active O / F

MasterSt SPS True: Component is Master, False : Component is Slave

O / F

OperationBlk

SPS Blocking active O / F

PRangeExd

SPS Rated range P exceeded O / F

QRangeExd

SPS Rated range Q exceeded O / F










Controls

DCAmpFix

APC reference value DC Current Fix O / O

DCAmpRmpRte

APC ramp rate for change of DC Current [A/s]

O / O

DCVolFix APC reference value DC Voltage Setpoint

O / O

EnaExtDev

SPC TRUE: control of external devices by converter is enabled;

O / F

38

CFPC

Data object name

Common data class


FALSE: control of external devices by converter is disabled

FRefA APC reference value FRefA [Hz] O / O

FRefB APC reference value FRefB [Hz] O / O

FRefC APC reference value FRefC [Hz] O / O

FRefD APC reference value FRefD [Hz] O / O

Gain APC parameter Gain for V-control O / O

GenDCSt ENC (ENCGenDCSt)

Demand(Rectifier) , Generation(Inverter).

O / F

GradNA APC reference value GradNA [] O / O

GradNB APC reference value GradNB [] O / O

GradNC APC reference value GradNC [] O / O

GradND APC reference value GradND [] O / O

HldOnOpPt

SPC Hold On of Operation Point = TRUE: Operation point is helt on, FALSE: Operation Point is defined according characteristik

O / F

ModP ENC (ENCModP) P-Mode: P_f_operation, P_V_operation, P_fixed, f_coupled, Amp_fixed, P_DCVol_operation

O / F

ModQ ENC (ENCModQ) Q-Mode: Q_V_operation, Q_Fixed, Q_Band, Phi_Fixed, FlickerCtl

O / F

PFix APC reference value PFix [MW] O / O

PFixMax APC reference value PFixMax [MW] O / O

PFixMin APC reference value PFixMin [MW] O / O

PhiRmpRte

APC ramp rate for change of Phi [grd/s]

O / O

PMaxG APC reference value PMaxG [MW] O / O

PMaxL APC reference value PMaxL [MW] O / O

PRmpRte APC ramp rate for change of P [MW/s]

O / O

PRmptms APC time intervall for change of P [s] O / O

PVRef APC reference value VRef [kV] O / O

QBnd APC reference value QBand [MVar] O / O

QFix APC reference value QFix [MVar] O / O

QGradNA APC reference value QGradNA [] O / O

QGradNB APC reference value QGradNB [] O / O

QGradN APC reference value QGradNC [] O / O

39

CFPC

Data object name

Common data class


C

QMaxC APC reference value QMaxC [MVAr] O / O

QMaxI APC reference value QMaxI [MVAr] O / O

QPhiFix APC reference value PhiFix [] O / O

QRmpRte

APC ramp rate for change of Q [MVAr/s]

O / O

QVRef APC reference value QVRef [kV] O / O

RefExtOn SPC TRUE : control by external reference, FALSE : control by own reference

O / F

RndPwrDCOn

SPC TRUE : Round Power Mode ON (both Poles different Power Direction),

FALSE : Round Power Mode OFF (both Poles same Power Direction)

O / F

SelPfCrv INC Select Characteristic display Pf: 1 - Select OpPfCurveSet1, 2 - Select OpPfCurveSet2

O / O

SetDefault

SPC TRUE: Settings are set to default

O / F

Slope APC parameter Slope for V-control O / O

Vmax APC reference value VMax [kV] O / O

Vmin APC reference value VMin [kV] O / O







Settings

PfCrv1 CSG Characteristic display 1 Pf Active values P [MW], f [Hz] absolute

O / F

PfCrvSet1

CSG Characteristic display 1 Pf Control direction P [MW], f [Hz] absolute

O / F

PVCrv CSG Characteristic display PV Active values P [MW], U [kV]

O / F

PVCrvSet CSG Characteristic display PV Control direction P [MW], U [kV]

O / F

40

CFPC

Data object name

Common data class


QVCrv CSG Characteristic display Q Active values Q [MVAr], U [kV]

O / F

QVCrvSet

CSG Characteristic display Q Control direction: Q [MVAr], U [kV]

O / F






ClcIntvTyp



ClcIntvPer


NumSubIntv






ClcNxtTmms




41

7.2.4 Package LNGroupK

7.2.4.1 General

Figure 22 – Class diagram LNGroupK::LNGroupKNew

7.2.4.2 KBSV LN

Plant safety

Table 16 shows all data objects of KBSV.

Table 16 – Data objects of KBSV

KBSV

Data object name

Common data class


Descriptions

EEName DPL inherited from: ControlEquipmentInterfaceLN

O / F


EEName DPL inherited from: EquipmentInterfaceLN O / F

Status information

StaShielded

SPS Plant operator safety ok O / F

StaStaffed

SPS Plant manned O / F

EEHealth ENS (HealthKind)

inherited from: ControlEquipmentInterfaceLN

O / F

OpTmh INS inherited from: ControlEquipmentInterfaceLN

O / O



class LNGr oupKNew


KBSV

+ StaShielded: SPS [0..1]

+ StaStaffed: SPS [0..1]

KCGR

FunctionLN

Abstr actLNsCommon::Equipment Inter fa ceLN

+ EEHealth: ENSHealth [0..1]

+ EEName: DPL [0..1]

+ OpTmh: INS [0..1]

KFAS

+ Alm: SPS [0..1]

42

KBSV

Data object name

Common data class










inherited from: EquipmentInterfaceLN O / F

OpTmh INS inherited from: EquipmentInterfaceLN O / O

Controls







Settings






ClcIntvTyp



ClcIntvPer


NumSubIntv






43

KBSV

Data object name

Common data class


ClcNxtTmms




7.2.4.3 KCGR LN

Cooling system

Table 17 shows all data objects of KCGR.

Table 17 – Data objects of KCGR

KCGR

Data object name

Common data class


Descriptions

EEName DPL inherited from: ControlEquipmentInterfaceLN

O / F



Status information


inherited from: ControlEquipmentInterfaceLN

O / F

OpTmh INS inherited from: ControlEquipmentInterfaceLN

O / O













44

KCGR

Data object name

Common data class


Controls







Settings






ClcIntvTyp



ClcIntvPer


NumSubIntv






ClcNxtTmms




7.2.4.4 KFAS LN

Fire alarm system

Table 18 shows all data objects of KFAS.

Table 18 – Data objects of KFAS

KFAS

45

Data object name

Common data class


Descriptions



Status information

Alm SPS Fire Alarm O / F











Controls




Settings






ClcIntvTyp



ClcIntvPer


NumSubIntv






46

KFAS

Data object name

Common data class


ClcNxtTmms




7.2.5 Package LNGroupM

7.2.5.1 General

Figure 23 – Class diagram LNGroupM::LNGroupMNew

7.2.5.2 MCON LN

Converter Measurement

Table 19 shows all data objects of MCON.

Table 19 – Data objects of MCON

MCON

Data object name

Common data class


Descriptions


Status information







cla ss LNGr oupMNew


StatisticsLN

Abstr actLNsCommon::Funct ionLN

MCON

+ ExtAng: MV [0..1]

+ FirAng: MV [0..1]

47

MCON

Data object name

Common data class



Measured and metered values

ExtAng MV Converter Valve Extinction Angle O / O

FirAng MV Converter Valve Firing Angle O / O

Controls




Settings






ClcIntvTyp



ClcIntvPer


NumSubIntv






ClcNxtTmms




MCON

Data object name

Common data class


Descriptions


48

MCON

Data object name

Common data class


Status information








Controls




Settings






ClcIntvTyp



ClcIntvPer


NumSubIntv






ClcNxtTmms




49

7.2.6 Package LNGroupX

7.2.6.1 General

Figure 24 – Class diagram LNGroupX::LNGroupXNew

7.2.6.2 XCON LN

Converter

Table 20 shows all data objects of XCON.

Table 20 – Data objects of XCON

XCON

Data object name

Common data class


Descriptions



Status information

LimDCAmp

SPS DC Current Limit reached O / F

LimVA SPS Apparent Power Limit reached O / F

LimVAr SPS Reactive Power Limit reached O / F

LimW SPS Active Power Limit reached O / F






cla ss LNGr oupXNew


FunctionLN

Abstr actLNsCommon::Equipment Inter faceLN

+ EEHealth: ENSHealth [0..1]

+ EEName: DPL [0..1]

+ OpTmh: INS [0..1]

XCON

+ LimDCAmp: SPS [0..1]

+ LimVA: SPS [0..1]

+ LimVAr: SPS [0..1]

+ LimW: SPS [0..1]

XDCC

+ ChaDCSt: ENSChaDCSt [0..1]

+ ConfDCSt: ENSConfDCSt [0..1]

+ ConnDCSt: ENSConnDCSt [0..1]

50

XCON

Data object name

Common data class







Controls




Settings






ClcIntvTyp



ClcIntvPer


NumSubIntv






ClcNxtTmms




7.2.6.3 XDCC LN

DC circuit

Table 21 shows all data objects of XDCC.

51

Table 21 – Data objects of XDCC

XDCC

Data object name

Common data class


Descriptions



Status information

ChaDCSt ENS (ENSChaDCSt)

Status charging, Status charged, Status discharging, Status discharged

O / F

ConfDCSt

ENS (ENSConfDCSt)

Status connection converter to DC Circuit, earthing DC circuit

O / F

ConnDCSt

ENS (ENSConnDCSt)

DC Yard Configuration O / F











Controls




Settings






ClcIntvTyp



ClcIntvPer


52

XDCC

Data object name

Common data class


NumSubIntv






ClcNxtTmms




53

7.3 Used, existing classes

7.3.1 LNGroupK

7.3.1.1 KTNK

Table 22 – Used data objects of KTNK

KTNK

Data object name

Common data class

T Explanation M/O/C

LevPct MV Transformer oil sump level. max O

7.3.2 LNGroupM

7.3.2.1 MFLK

Table 23 – Used data objects of MFLK

MFLK

Data object name

Common data class

T Explanation M/O/C

PPPst DEL

Short-term flicker severity of last complete interval for phase to phase measurements O

PhPst WYE

Short-term flicker severity of last complete interval for phase to ground measurements O

PPPlt DEL

Long-term flicker severity of last complete interval for phase to phase measurements O

PhPlt WYE

Long-term flicker severity of last complete interval for phase to ground measurements O

7.3.2.2 MMDC

Table 24 – Used data objects of MMDC

MMDC

Data object name

Common data class

T Explanation M/O/C

Vol MV Voltage V between poles O

VolPsGnd MV

Voltage V between positive pole and ground O

VolNgGnd MV

Voltage V between negative pole and ground O

7.3.2.3 MMET

Table 25 – Used data objects of MMET

MMET

Data object name

Common data class

T Explanation M/O/C

EnvTmp MV Ambient Temperature O

54

7.3.2.4 MMXU

Table 26 – Used data objects of MMXU

MMXU

Data object name

Common data class

T Explanation M/O/C

TotW MV Active Power P MEW O

TotVAr MV Reactive Power Q MEW O

TotVA MV Apparent Power S MEW O

TotPF MV Power Factor MEW O

Hz MV Frequency MEW O

PhV WYE Voltage V O

A WYE Current I O

7.3.3 LNGroupP

7.3.3.1 PTRC

Table 27 – Used data objects of PTRC

PTRC

Data object name

Common data class

T Explanation M/O/C

Str ACD Protection Start O

Op ACT Protection Trip M

7.3.4 LNGroupS

7.3.4.1 SPTR

Table 28 – Used data objects of SPTR

SPTR

Data object name

Common data class

T Explanation M/O/C

BotTmp MV Oil temperature T MEW O

HPTmpAlm SPS

Transformer winding temp.> Warn. O

7.3.5 LNGroupY

7.3.5.1 YPTR

Table 29 – Used data objects of YPTR

YPTR

55

Data object name

Common data class

T Explanation M/O/C

EEHealth ENS Transformer disturbance O

7.3.6 LNGroupZ

7.3.6.1 ZAXN

Table 30 – Used data objects of ZAXN

ZAXN

Data object name

Common data class

T Explanation M/O/C

EEHealth ENS

Auxiliaries system Info (green), Auxiliaries system Warning (yellow), Auxiliaries system Failure (red) O

7.4 Data semantics

Table 31 shows all attributes defined on classes of LogicalNodes_90_14 package.

Table 31 – Attributes defined on classes of LogicalNodes_90_14 package

Name Type (Used in) Description

Ack SPC (ASEQ) Remote Alarm Reset

Alm SPS (KFAS) Fire Alarm

AlmRefInp SPS (CFPC) Reference value disturbed

Cancel SPC (ASEQ) Abort Sequence

ChaDCSt ENS (ENSChaDCSt)

(XDCC) Status charging, Status charged, Status discharging, Status discharged

ConfDCSt ENS (ENSConfDCSt)

(XDCC) Status connection converter to DC Circuit, earthing DC circuit

ConnDCSt ENS (ENSConnDCSt)

(XDCC) DC Yard Configuration

DCAmpFix APC (CFPC) reference value DC Current Fix

DCAmpRmpRte

APC (CFPC) ramp rate for change of DC Current [A/s]

DCVolFix APC (CFPC) reference value DC Voltage Setpoint

EnaExtDev SPC (CFPC) TRUE: control of external devices by converter is enabled;

FALSE: control of external devices by converter is disabled

EnaOpCmd1

SPS (ASEQ) Operation Command 1 enable

ExtAng MV (MCON) Converter Valve Extinction Angle

FRefA APC (CFPC) reference value FRefA [Hz]

FRefB APC (CFPC) reference value FRefB [Hz]

56


FRefC APC (CFPC) reference value FRefC [Hz]

FRefD APC (CFPC) reference value FRefD [Hz]

FirAng MV (MCON) Converter Valve Firing Angle

Gain APC (CFPC) parameter Gain for V-control

GenDCSt ENC (ENCGenDCSt)

(CFPC) Demand(Rectifier) , Generation(Inverter).

GradNA APC (CFPC) reference value GradNA []

GradNB APC (CFPC) reference value GradNB []

GradNC APC (CFPC) reference value GradNC []

GradND APC (CFPC) reference value GradND []

HldOnOpPt SPC (CFPC) Hold On of Operation Point = TRUE: Operation point is helt on, FALSE: Operation Point is defined according characteristik

IslOp SPS (CFPC) Island operation active

LimDCAmp SPS (XCON) DC Current Limit reached

LimVA SPS (XCON) Apparent Power Limit reached

LimVAr SPS (XCON) Reactive Power Limit reached

LimW SPS (XCON) Active Power Limit reached

MasterSt SPS (CFPC) True: Component is Master, False : Component is Slave

ModP ENC (ENCModP)

(CFPC) P-Mode: P_f_operation, P_V_operation, P_fixed, f_coupled, Amp_fixed, P_DCVol_operation

ModQ ENC (ENCModQ)

(CFPC) Q-Mode: Q_V_operation, Q_Fixed, Q_Band, Phi_Fixed, FlickerCtl

OperationBlk

SPS (CFPC) Blocking active

OperationCmd

ENC (ENCOperationCmd)

(ASEQ) Command for Change of State : application specific

OperationSt ENS (ENSOperationSt)

(ASEQ) State of application: application specific

PFix APC (CFPC) reference value PFix [MW]

PFixMax APC (CFPC) reference value PFixMax [MW]

PFixMin APC (CFPC) reference value PFixMin [MW]

PMaxG APC (CFPC) reference value PMaxG [MW]

PMaxL APC (CFPC) reference value PMaxL [MW]

PRangeExd SPS (CFPC) Rated range P exceeded

PRmpRte APC (CFPC) ramp rate for change of P [MW/s]

PRmptms APC (CFPC) time intervall for change of P [s]

PVCrv CSG (CFPC) Characteristic display PV Active values P [MW], V [kV]

PVCrvSet CSG (CFPC) Characteristic display PV Control direction P

57


[MW], V [kV]

PVRef APC (CFPC) reference value VRef [kV]

PfCrv1 CSG (CFPC) Characteristic display 1 Pf Active values P [MW], f [Hz] absolute

PfCrvSet1 CSG (CFPC) Characteristic display 1 Pf Control direction P [MW], f [Hz] absolute

PhiRmpRte APC (CFPC) ramp rate for change of Phi [grd/s]

QBnd APC (CFPC) reference value QBand [MVar]

QFix APC (CFPC) reference value QFix [MVar]

QGradNA APC (CFPC) reference value QGradNA []

QGradNB APC (CFPC) reference value QGradNB []

QGradNC APC (CFPC) reference value QGradNC []

QMaxC APC (CFPC) reference value QMaxC [MVAr]

QMaxI APC (CFPC) reference value QMaxI [MVAr]

QPhiFix APC (CFPC) reference value PhiFix []

QRangeExd SPS (CFPC) Rated range Q exceeded

QRmpRte APC (CFPC) ramp rate for change of Q [MVAr/s]

QVCrv CSG (CFPC) Characteristic display Q Active values Q [MVAr], V [kV]

QVCrvSet CSG (CFPC) Characteristic display Q Control direction: Q [MVAr], V [kV]

QVRef APC (CFPC) reference value QVRef [kV]

RefExtOn SPC (CFPC) TRUE : control by external reference, FALSE : control by own reference

RndPwrDCOn

SPC (CFPC) TRUE : Round Power Mode ON (both Poles different Power Direction),

FALSE : Round Power Mode OFF (both Poles same Power Direction)

SelPfCrv INC (CFPC) Select Characteristic display Pf: 1 - Select OpPfCurveSet1, 2 - Select OpPfCurveSet2


(ASEQ) no sequence, sequence running, sequence aborted

SetDefault SPC (CFPC) TRUE: Settings are set to default

Shutdown SPC (ASEQ) Quick shutdown

Slope APC (CFPC) parameter Slope for V-control

StaShielded SPS (KBSV) Plant operator safety ok

StaStaffed SPS (KBSV) Plant manned

Vmax APC (CFPC) reference value VMax [kV]

Vmin APC (CFPC) reference value VMin [kV]

58

8 Description of specific Applications

8.1 SVC

System bus

+

VSC TSC

FACTS

1 Grid Connection

=X1

=TB1.1 =TB1.2

=TB1

LN [ASEQ]

LN [CFPC]

LN [XCON]

=TB1.1

LN [ASEQ]

=TB1.2

LN xxx

LN xxx

LN xxx

Figure 25 – Scheme of SVC application

The SVC application, shown at 025, is used for voltage stabilisation of power transmission and distribution networks. The SVC is parallel connected to the network (=X1), typically using a coupling transformer (=TA1).

In this description are three types of SVCs considered:

Voltage Source Converter (VSC, also called STATCOM type)

classic SVC type which consisting elements like

o thyristor switched capacitor (TSC),

59

o thyristor switched reactor (TSR),

o thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) and

o Filters.

The third type of SVC is the hybrid type. It is a SVC which has branches of VSC type (=TB1.1) and elements of a classic SVC, for example a TSC (=TB1.2), as shown at Figure 26.

For modelling of the IEC61850 communication between SVC and grid control it is not essential if the SVC is a VSC, classic SVC or hybrid type. The signals which have to be foreseen for this communication are mostly the same.

=X1

=TA1

=TB1.1 =TB1.2 =TB1.3 =TB1.n

LN [CFPC]

LN [XCON]

=TB1.1 =TB1.2 =TB1.3 =TB1.n

Static VAR

Compensator

(SVC)

1 Grid Connection

M

M

Legend

Master

=TB1

LN [CFPC]

1 … n units

LN [ASEQ]

LN [ASEQ]

LN [CFPC]

LN [XCON]

LN [ASEQ]

LN [CFPC]

LN [XCON]

LN [ASEQ]

LN [CFPC]

LN [XCON]

LN [ASEQ]

Figure 26 – Scheme of SVC application

The required signals for communication between SVC and grid control are splitted into different control areas/locations. Control signals related to the grid (=X1) or to the transformer (=TA1) are independent of the SVC type and configuration. An example for grid related signals is shown in Table 32.

Table 32 – Example for grid related SVC signals


Gain APC (CFPC) parameter Gain for V-control

ModQ ENC (ENCModQ)

(CFPC) Q-Mode: Q_V_operation, Q_Fixed, Q_Band, Phi_Fixed, FlickerCtl

QBnd APC (CFPC) reference value QBand [MVar]

QFix APC (CFPC) reference value QFix [MVar]

QMaxC APC (CFPC) reference value QMaxC [MVAr]

60


QMaxI APC (CFPC) reference value QMaxI [MVAr]

QVRef APC (CFPC) reference value QVRef [kV]

Slope APC (CFPC) parameter Slope for V-control

Vmax APC (CFPC) reference value VMax [kV]

Vmin APC (CFPC) reference value VMin [kV]

Control signals used for =TB1.n, are dependent to the configuration and type of SVC. Example for configuration differences; if there is one circuit breaker used for the whole system (located on the primary or secondary site of the transformer), the possible commands and feedbacks are different, than if there would be a circuit breaker for each branch.

Table 33 lists an example for configuration dependent signals.

Table 33 – Example for configuration dependent SVC signals


Ack SPC (ASEQ) Remote Alarm Reset

Cancel SPC (ASEQ) Abort Sequence

MasterSt SPS (CFPC) True: Component is Master, False : Component is Slave

OperationBlk SPS (CFPC) Blocking active

OperationCmd ENC (ENCOperationCmd)

(ASEQ) Command for Change of State : application specific

OperationSt ENS (ENSOperationSt)

(ASEQ) State of application: application specific


(ASEQ) no sequence, sequence running, sequence aborted

Shutdown SPC (ASEQ) Quick shutdown

These different possible configurations and types of SVCs are considered in this description.

For example; the operation states of the SVC, shown in Table 33, could be used for the overall system or for each branch, depending on the SVC system configuration.

The states listed in Table 34 will be used:

Table 34 – Used states for SVC application

CDC ENS State Used EnaOpCmd instance

[OperationSt] Tripped X

Off_Earthed X

Off_Isolated X

Off X EnaOpCmd1

Standby X EnaOpCmd2

On X EnaOpCmd3

On_Testing EnaOpCmd4

61

8.2 SFC

=TB1 =TB2=TA1 =TA2

=X1 =X2

LN [ASEQ]

LN [CFPC]

LN [XCON]

=TB0

=TB1 =TB2

Static Frequency

Converter

50Hz / 16.7Hz

(SFC)

2 Grid Connection

LN [ASEQ]

LN [CFPC]

LN [XCON]

LN [ASEQ]

Figure 27 – Scheme of SFC application

As SFC are typically connected to two different grid systems, they consequently can be modelled by assigning two grid related converter units =TB1 and =TB2. Individual operation of both converter units is possible (e.g. reactive power compensation), as well as coordinated operation of both converter units as a common system (e.g. power transmission between the grids). Thus, an additional control unit =TB0 on a higher hierarchical level is required for mutual coordination. As this virtual control instance cannot be directly assigned to a dedicated piece of primary equipment it does not contain a LN [XCON]. Figure 27 shows the resulting data model scheme.

Some vendors use filters (RLC components). The information of these components are protection related and therefore can be modelled with existing logical nodes, e.g. PTRC.

The states listed in Table 35 will be used:

Table 35 – Used states for SFC application

CDC ENS State Used EnaOpCmd instance

[OperationSt] Tripped

Off_Earthed

Off_Isolated

Off X EnaOpCmd1

Standby X EnaOpCmd2

On X EnaOpCmd3

On_Testing X EnaOpCmd4

On_Islanded X EnaOpCmd5

The operation mode phase shifter respectively SVC for the concerning site is modelled with operation state On for either TB1 or TB2. The other converter is Off. Table 36 shows the mapping of the operation modes to the data object OperationSt of the sequencer nodes.

Table 36 – Mapping of operation modes

62

State of ASEQx.OperationSt in logical function Description of operation mode

TB0 TB1 TB2

Off Off Off SFC is off

Off On Off SVC for =X1

Off Off On SVC for =X2

Off On On SVC for =X1 and =X2

On On On SFC is on

8.3 HVDC

=TB1.1 =TB2.1=TA1.1 =TA2.1

=X1 =X2

HVDC(Bipole)

LN [CFPC]

LN [XCON]

=TB1.1

M

M Master

=TB1.2 =TB2.2=TA1.2 =TA2.2

LN [CFPC]

=TB1

M

Pole1

Pole2

Station A Station B

LN [XDCC]

LN [ASEQ]

LN [CFPC]

LN [XCON]

=TB1.2

M

LN [ASEQ]

LN [ASEQ]

LN [CFPC]

LN [XCON]

=TB2.1

LN [CFPC]

=TB2

LN [XDCC]

LN [ASEQ]

LN [CFPC]

LN [XCON]

=TB2.2

LN [ASEQ]

LN [ASEQ]

Figure 28 – Scheme of typical HVDC application

A so-called “Bipole” is a typical HVDC line-commutated converter (LCC) application. It consists of two identical converter units per station, which form a “Pole”. They are usually connected to the same AC grid. The same scheme exists at the opposite station. Both stations are connected using an intermediate DC circuit LN [XDCC].

They consequently can be modelled by assigning two grid related transformer units =TA1.1 and =TA1.2 for station A and =TA2.1 and =TA2.2 for station B.

63

The same principle is used for the two grid related converter units =TB1.1 (Station A, Pole 1) and =TB1.2 (Station A, Pole 2) and =TB2.1 (Station B, Pole 1) and =TB2.2 (Station B, Pole 2), all represented by LN [XCON] primary equipment-wise.

Control using LN [CFPC] is achieved by a hierarchical structure: on a Pole level (comprising both stations) and a superordinated Bipole level (also comprising both stations).

Each level usually incorporates its dedicated control systems respectively IEDs (“Bipole Control”, “Pole Control”) in a redundant system configuration. As there may be thousands of kilometres distance between both stations, an identical set of control systems exists at both stations, with an identical functionality. Usually, one system of each station actively controls the power transmission as a “Master”, and the remote station follows as a “Slave”, while always being able to locally establish backup control in case of e.g. telecommunication loss between both stations.

Individual control of both Poles is possible, whilst they usually are operated in combined mode, defined by control points on Bipole level for mutual coordination. As this virtual control instance cannot be directly assigned to a dedicated piece of primary equipment it does not contain a LN [XCON].

The states listed in Table 37 and Table 38 will be used, dependant of the hierarchical modelling level:

Table 37 – Used ASEQ states for HVDC application on Pole level

CDC ENS State Used EnaOpCmd

instance

Typical HVDC

domain

nomenclature

[OperationSt

]

Off_Earthed X EnaOpCmd1 EARTHED

Off_Isolated X EnaOpCmd2 STOPPED

Standby X EnaOpCmd3 STANDBY

Off X EnaOpCmd4 BLOCKED

On X EnaOpCmd5 DEBLOCKED

On_Testing X EnaOpCmd6 OPEN LINE TEST

On_Islanded

Table 38 – Used ASEQ states for HVDC application on Bipole level

CDC ENS State Used EnaOpCmd

instance

Typical HVDC

domain

nomenclature

[OperationSt] Off X EnaOpCmd1 BIPOLAR BLOCKED

On X EnaOpCmd2 BIPOLAR DEBLOCKED

Table 39 shows the needed operation modes.

Table 39 – Mapping of operation modes

64

State of ASEQx.OperationSt in logical function Description of operation mode

TB1, TB2 TB1.1, TB2.1 TB1.2, TB2.2

Off Off Off HVDC transmission is off

Off On Off Monopolar P1 operation

Off Off On Monopolar P2 operation

On On On Bipolar operation

65

Annex A SCL enumerations

<EnumType id="ChaDCStKind">

<EnumVal ord="1">Charging</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="2">Charged</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="3">Discharging</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="4">Discharged</EnumVal>

</EnumType>

<EnumType id="ConfDCStKind">

<EnumVal ord="1">Bipole</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="2">RigidBipole</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="3">GroundDMRReturn</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="4">MetallicHVReturn</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="5">ParallelReturn</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="6">HVLOpReturn</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="7">OLT</EnumVal>

</EnumType>

<EnumType id="ConnDCStKind">

<EnumVal ord="1">DC_Connected</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="2">DC_Isolated</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="3">DC_Isolated_Grounded</EnumVal>

</EnumType>

<EnumType id="GenDCStKind">

<EnumVal ord="1">Demand</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="2">Generation</EnumVal>

</EnumType>

<EnumType id="ModPKind">

<EnumVal ord="1">P_f_operation</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="2">P_V_operation</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="3">P_fixed</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="4">f_coupled</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="5">Amp_fixed</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="6">P_DCVol_operation</EnumVal>

</EnumType>

<EnumType id="ModQKind">

<EnumVal ord="1">Q_V_operation</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="2">Q_Fixed</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="3">Q_Band</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="4">Phi_Fixed</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="5">FlickerCtl</EnumVal>

</EnumType>

<EnumType id="OperationCmdKind">

<EnumVal ord="1">Off_Earthed</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="2">Off_Isolated</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="3">Off</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="4">Standby</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="5">On</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="6">On_Testing</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="7">On_Islanded</EnumVal>

</EnumType>

<EnumType id="OperationStKind">

<EnumVal ord="1">Tripped</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="2">Off_Earthed</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="3">Off_Isolated</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="4">Off</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="5">Standby</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="6">On</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="7">On_Testing</EnumVal>

66

<EnumVal ord="8">On_Islanded</EnumVal>

</EnumType>

<EnumType id="SeqStKind">

<EnumVal ord="1">Sequence_Off</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="2">Sequence_On</EnumVal>

<EnumVal ord="3">Sequence_Aborted</EnumVal>

</EnumType>

67

Annex B SCL-Description of different applications

Examplary applications are described with SCL and attached as separated SCD files to this document.

68

Annex C State Machines

[OperationSt]= Off

[SeqSt]= Sequence_Off

[OperationSt] = Off

[SeqSt]= Sequence_On

[OperationCmd]

:= On

[OperationSt]= On


[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[OperationSt] = Standby

[SeqSt] = Sequence_Off

[OperationCmd]= Off


[OperationCmd]

:= Standby

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[OperationSt]= On_Islanded


[OperationSt]= On_Testing


[OperationCmd]

:= On_Testing

[OperationSt]= Off


[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off



[OperationSt] = On


[OperationCmd] := Off

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[OperationCmd]

:= Off

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off



[OperationCmd]

:= Off

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[OperationSt] = On


[OperationSt] = On_Islanded


[OperationCmd]

:= On_Islanded

[OperationCmd]

:= On



[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off[OperationCmd]

:= Off

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off



[OperationSt] = On


[OperationCmd]

:= Standby

[OperationCmd]

:= On

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[OperationSt]= Off


Transient State



OperatiOn State

[OperationSt] = Off


[OperationCmd]

:= On_Islanded

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off





[OperationCmd]

:= On_Islanded

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[OperationCmd]

:= Standby

[OperationSt]= Off_Earthed


[OperationSt]= Off_Isolated


[OperationSt] = Off


[OperationSt] = Off_Isolated




[OperationSt] = Off_Earthed


[OperationCmd]

:= Off_Isolated

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[OperationCmd]

:= Off

[OperationCmd]

:= Off_Earthed

[OperationCmd]

:= Off_Isolated

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

Figure 29 – State machine regular operation

69

[OperationSt]= Off


[OperationSt] = Off


[OperationSt]

:= On; Standby; On_Islanded; On_Testing

[OperationSt]= Off

[SeqSt]= Sequence_Aborted

[Cancel]

:= TRUE

[OperationSt]= Off


Transient State

[OperationSt] = Hot-Standby


Operation State

[OperationSt]

:= On; Off; Standby; On_Islanded; On_Testing

[OperationSt]= On


[OperationSt] = On


[OperationSt]

:= Off; Standby; On_Islanded

[OperationSt]= On


[Cancel]

:= TRUE

[OperationSt]

:= On; Off; Standby; On_Islanded

[OperationSt]= Standby




[OperationSt]

:= On; Off; On_Islanded

[OperationSt]= Standby


[Cancel]

:= TRUE

[OperationSt]






[OperationSt]

:= On;Off; Standby



[Cancel]

:= TRUE

[OperationSt]




[OperationSt] = On_Testing


[OperationSt]

:= Off



[Cancel]

:= TRUE

[OperationSt]

:= Off; On_Testing

E.g. OperationSt := On Or

OperationSt := Off Or

OperationSt := Standby Or

OperationSt := On_Islanded Or

OperationSt := On_Testing

[OperationSt]= Off


[OperationSt] = Off


[OperationSt]

:= Off_Isolated

[OperationSt]

= Off[SeqSt]

= Sequence_Aborted

[Cancel]

:= TRUE

[OperationSt]

:= Off; Off_Isolated





[OperationSt]

:= Off; Off_Earthed



[Cancel]

:= TRUE

[OperationSt]

:= Off; Off_Isolated; Off_Earthed



[OperationSt] = Off


[OperationSt]

:= Off_Isolated



[Cancel]

:= TRUE

[OperationSt]

:= Off_Earthed; Off_Isolated

Figure 30 – State machine for cancel sequence

70

[OperationSt]= Off


[OperationSt] = Off










[OperationSt] = On


[Shutdown]

:= TRUE





[OperationSt]= Tripped


[Shutdown]

:= TRUE

[Shutdown]

:= TRUE

[Shutdown]

:= TRUE

[Shutdown]

:= TRUE

[Shutdown]

:= TRUE

[Shutdown]

:= TRUE

[Shutdown]

:= TRUE

[Shutdown]

:= TRUE

[Shutdown]

:= TRUE



[Ack]

:= TRUE



[OperationSt]

:= Off

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[OperationSt]= On


[OperationSt]= Off


Transient State



Operation State









[OperationSt]

:= On_Isolated

[OperationSt]

:= On_Testing

[OperationSt]

:= Standby

[OperationSt]

:= On

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[SeqSt]

:= Sequence_off

[OperationSt] = Tripped


[Shutdown]

:= TRUE



[OperationSt] = Off_Earthed


[Shutdown]

:= TRUE

[Shutdown]

:= TRUE





[Shutdown]

:= TRUE

[Shutdown]

:= TRUE

Figure 31 – State machine for shutdown

71

Annex D Description of Characteristic Curves

72

D.1 Application SFC

D.1.1 Operation Mode: P-f characteristic

Figure 32 – P-f characteristic

Table 40 – Parameters for P-f characteristics

Points P1 to P8 cover the operational range

Characteristic curve is described by array of inflection points P1 … P8

Characteristic curve is described by Reference Values. These are customer specific and can be changed by remote or local SCADA-System

[PMaxL] [PMaxG] [PFixMin] [PFixMax] [PFix] [FRefA] [FRefB] [FRefC] [FRefD] [GradNA] [GradNB]

73

[GradNC] [GradND]

D.1.2 Operation Mode: P fixed

Figure 33 – P fixed characteristic

Table 41 – Parameters for P fixed characteristics


Characteristic curve is described by array of inflection points P1 P2


[PFix]

D.1.3 Operation Mode: P-V characteristic

Figure 34 – P-V characteristics

Table 42 – Parameters for P-V characteristics

74




[PVRef] [PGradNA] [PMaxL] [PMaxG]

D.1.4 Operation Mode: Q-V characteristic

Figure 35 – Q-V characteristics

Table 43 – Parameters for Q-V characteristics




[QVRef] [QGradNA] [QMaxI] (Inductive) [QMaxC] (Capacitive)

75

D.1.5 Operation Mode: Q fixed

Figure 36 – Q fixed characteristics

Table 44 – Parameters for Q fixed characteristics




[QFix]

76

D.1.6 Operation Mode: Phi fixed

Figure 37 – Phi fixed characteristics

Table 45 – Parameters for phi fixed characteristics




[QPhiFix] (-180° to +180°)

77

D.2 Application SVC







QVRef] [QGradNA] = Slope/QNom

𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 − 𝑆𝐿𝑂𝑃𝐸 ×𝑄𝑆𝑉𝐶

𝑄𝑁𝑂𝑀


Table 47 – Q fixed characteristics

78

Table 48 – Parameters for Q fixed characteristics




[QFix] [Vmax] [Vmin]

79

D.3 Application HVDC

D.3.1 Operation Mode: P-F characteristic

See D.1.1

D.3.2 Operation Mode: P fixed

See D.1.2

D.3.3 Operation Mode: P-V characteristic

See D.1.3







[QVRef] [QGradNA] [QGradNB] [QGradNC] [QMaxI] (Inductive) [QMaxC] (Capacitive) [Vmax]

80

[Vmin]


See D.1.5

D.3.6 Operation Mode: Phi fixed

See D.1.6

81

Annex E Borders/Remarks

For the generic modelling approach the following boundary conditions apply:

Extensive LN to cover lot of applications

Generic modelling approach deviates from individual applications

Novel modelling approach with high complexity

Forces a concrete choice for specific application

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