iec 62368 1: a hazard based iec 62368 1: hbse ......19 pwb conductor ac mains transient: 2,500 vpk...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2012UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2012
IEC 62368‐1: A hazard‐based standard – Part 2IEC 62368‐1: HBSE 的實現及實務應用 – Part 2William Meng
![Page 2: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
• Concept change of IEC 62368‐1• Electrically‐caused injury• Mechanically‐caused injury
2
![Page 3: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Concept change of IEC 62368‐1
![Page 4: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Copyright © 2011 Underwriters Laboratories Inc.All Rights Reserved. Do Not Reproduce without Permission.
Innovation of IEC 62368‐1
• Introduces models model for injury
model for safety
• Classifies energy sources class 1: may be detectable
class 2: may be painful
class 3: capable of causing injury
• Introduces the concept of safeguards basic safeguard
supplementary safeguard
reinforced safeguard
• Applies safeguards based on persons ordinary person
instructed person
skilled person
4
![Page 5: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Discarded requirements of IEC 60950‐1
• Energy hazard What’s the injury caused?
• Functional insulation “Functional” insulation does not provide protection
• Functional earthing “Functional” earthing does not provide protection
5
![Page 6: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Electrically‐caused Injury
![Page 7: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Transfer mechanism – Current pass through the human body
![Page 8: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Transfer mechanism – Current pass through the human body (cont.)
![Page 9: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Copyright © 2011 Underwriters Laboratories Inc.All Rights Reserved. Do Not Reproduce without Permission.
Safeguard: interposed between human body and sources of hazard
![Page 10: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Class of electrical energy level
Voltage
Curren
t
ES1: sensation/perception, but no pain
ES2: painful, but no injury
ES3: injury
![Page 11: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Class of electrical energy sources and safeguard
• What are ES1, ES2, and ES3??
• What are safeguard for protection against ES??
11
ES class ‐ steady state AC current
ES1< 30 Vrms, or < 0.5 mArms
ES2< 50 Vrms, or < 5 mArms
ES3> ES2
Safeguardagainst ES
ES1None
ES2Basic insulation
ES3Double orreinforced insulation
![Page 12: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Practical application – Power supply
Capacitor discharge
![Page 13: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Capacitor discharge
13
Combination of voltage and capacitance
![Page 14: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Review of standard requirements
14
137.35 V @ 1 sec. after unplug
50.53 V @ 2 sec. after unplug
Complied, but safe?
![Page 15: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Practical application – Power supply (cont.)
Effectiveness of safeguard:• Construction, and/or• Performance
Insulation (sheet)
ES1 ES3
Insulation: tubing
Insulation: spacing
Components bridging insulation: transformers, Y‐cap, opto‐couplers
Identify the energy source
Design safeguards that prevents the transfer of energy (to a body part)
Evaluate itseffectiveness
Is the safeguardeffective?
YESNO
Is the energyhazardous?
Identify transfer mechanism:
YES
Done
NO
accessibility
Interposed between energy sources and body
![Page 16: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Practical application – Power supply (cont.)
Safeguard interposed between hazards and body: Earthed enclosure
Access to internal hazardous parts is not likely through openings
![Page 17: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Clearances
External disturbance:• Transient overvoltage• Temp. overvoltage
Steady state, including:• (Internally‐generated)
Working voltage• Mains supply voltage• High‐freq. working
voltage
![Page 18: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1818
![Page 19: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
PWB
Conductor
AC mains transient: 2,500 VpkWorking voltage: 420 VpkR/I: 4.0 mm
AC mains transient: 2,500 VpkWorking voltage: 640 VpkR/I: 4.6 mm
Can a shorter air insulation be used?
![Page 20: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
High frequency voltage stress on insulation
• Affect clearances and solid insulation- Spacing: required clearance is longer
- Solid insulation: material deterioration
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
10 100 1,000 10,000
Redu
ction factor
Frequency (kHz)
Phenolic
Teflon
Mica
Polyethylene
![Page 21: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mechanically‐caused injury
![Page 22: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Practical application – Server
22
![Page 23: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Practical application – Server (DC fans)
Identify the energy source
Design safeguards that prevents the transfer of energy (to a body part)
Evaluate itseffectiveness
Is the safeguardeffective?
YESNO
Is the energyhazardous?
Identify transfer mechanism:
YES
Done
NO
accessibility: persons, conditions
Physical safeguard or marking
MS1
MS3
MS class of moving fan blade is dominated by:• Mass of moving fan blade (rotor)• Dimension of fan blade• Fan speed• Material (under discussion)
![Page 24: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Equipment stability – with presence of children
![Page 25: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Practical application – carts or stands
25
Identify the energy source
Design safeguards that prevents the transfer of energy (to a body part)
Evaluate itseffectiveness
Is the safeguardeffective?
YESNO
Is the energyhazardous?
Identify transfer mechanism:
YES
Done
NO
physical contact with body
Robustness of casters, stability of equipment plus carts
Pull force testHorizontal forceRelocation stability
MS1: <= 7 kgMS2: 7 kg < mass <= 25 kgMS3: > 25 kg
(with “cargo”)
![Page 26: IEC 62368 1: A hazard based IEC 62368 1: HBSE ......19 PWB Conductor AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage: 420 Vpk R/I: 4.0 mm AC mains transient: 2,500 Vpk Working voltage:](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062318/612fe6ac1ecc51586943bfa8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
THANK YOU.