igc2 element 1 hazards

7/23/2019 IGC2 Element 1 Hazards

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/igc2-element-1-hazards 1/70

1

IGC 2 : ELEMENT 1IGC 2 : ELEMENT 1

مخطر بيئة الع مخطر بيئة الع



2

الع

بيئة

الع

بيئة

• Sanitary Conveniences &Sanitary Conveniences &Washing FacilitiesWashing Facilities

• Drinking WaterDrinking Water

• Accommodation for clothing & Accommodation for clothing &changing clotheschanging clothes

• Facilities for rest & eating mealsFacilities for rest & eating meals

• VentilationVentilation

• TEME!AT"!E & #$%T$'%TEME!AT"!E & #$%T$'%



3

Sanitary Conveniences !as"in# $aci%ities

• M(st )e *rovided together & in a *ro*ortion to the si+e of

,orkforce-

• S*ecial *rovision sho(ld )e made for disa)led ,orkers

• There sho(ld )e se*arate facilities for men & ,omen

• S(**ly of ,arm ,ater. soa* & to,els m(st )e *rovided-

• Facilities to )e ,ell lit. ventilated & ,alls & floors easy to clean



&

'rin(in# !ater ) ر* لا +يم

• M(st )e readily accessi)le to all

,orkforce

• S(**ly m(st )e ade/(ate



,

-cco..o/ation 0or c%ot"in# c"an#in#c%ot"es م

ير ال ;ب : 678 9ال 45ي

ام => ل >ي

•M(st )e *rovided. clean. ,ell lit. ventilated. dry &

sec(re

•Where E is re/(ired. arrangement are to )e made

that ,orkers0 o,n clothing is not contaminated )y

ha+ardo(s s()stances



?

$aci%ities 0or rest eatin# .ea%sام => ل B9 4ال Aع9 @ ال *را ( 9الرا 8ة

• M(st )e *rovided in areas ,here E not re/(ired

• 'o Smoking

• Facilities sho(ld )e *rovided for *regnant1n(rsing females to

rest

• Arrangements to ens(re food & )everage not contaminated )y

ha+ardo(s s()stances-



Denti%ation EF يG لا ةHI4 لا

• Sho(ld )e effective & s(fficient & free from any

im*(rities

• Air inlets to )e sited free from any *otential

contaminants

• Ens(re ,orkers are free from (ncomforta)le

dra(ghts

• Ens(re contin(o(s fresh air flo,

•"se #EV or Dil(te Ventilation if re/(ired



J

Keatin# Le.MeratNre EO را

P ال

ة

QOR9ئة

F4 ال

• Ens(re reasona)le tem*erat(res in all ,ork*lacesd(ring ,orking ho(rs

• Air conditions to )e (sed ,here *ossi)le

• AC to )e reg(larly ins*ected & maintained

• rovide thermometers to indicate room tem*erat(re

• rovide s(ita)le E ,here AC is not ade/(ate e-g-

on entering )ig resta(rants0 cold stores



T

Ui#"tin# EVWXا • oor lighting increases the risk of accidents e-g- sli*s. tri*s &

falls-

• rovision of s(fficient & s(ita)le lighting2 shall )e nat(ral light if

*ossi)le

• rovision of s(fficient emergency lighting in all rooms. kitchens.

rest rooms & emergency ro(tes• Consider (sing )linds on ,indo,s in cases of reflective screen

glare

• Windo,s & skylights to )e ke*t clean & free from o)str(ction

YZI5[ ال

9 ;8 الر

9 X\ ] م

^R ا

I8 _I`9ر

A = م

FHbHيئة

[ ال

EV

Wا

d م لf g > 9م jm ة gIdH lال VIkال jAيع fh ا > EVWhية 9طر I ير X8 ال IAا Q Oي ال >ر 9 pال Aب q9 ر pب 5ية Iير ا EVWال dية O

ا

IA ال

w9ال *u ة :d ع X8 x اI لا z{ ا 4mخ Fا @ ال ]| 4ر ال }ر9لية م = العرا `ي juبي 9 م h O9 ل }~ 5j g• ي 7ة



1€

Seatin# !or(stations 9 d لا jzA4 م 9 F{5 لا Gي bا م = < jي Iر

• Sitting for *rolonged *eriods can ca(se health risks2 )lood

circ(lation *ro)lems & MSD3s4

• Workstations to )e arranged so that ,ork is done safely &

comforta)ly

• Workstations to )e arranged to allo, safe evac(ation in cases ofemergency

• Work s(rface sho(ld )e at comforta)le height to the ,orker2 avoid

)ending & stretching

• Workers sho(ld not stand for *rolonged *eriods on solid floor-

• !efer to control meas(res of DSE



11

‚ƒ„…S†‡‚ L… ‚ƒL‡‚ˆ‚ L‚ˆ„‚‡-L†‡‚‚ƒ„…S†‡‚ L… ‚ƒL‡‚ˆ‚ L‚ˆ„‚‡-L†‡‚ليال 4عر ‰ ل 8 QOFرا { EOلية

{ EO را

8

QOF ل

‰ عر

4 ال

‚00ects o0 eŠtre.e "eat‹‚00ects o0 eŠtre.e "eat‹• eat e5ha(stioneat e5ha(stion

• eat Strokeeat Stroke

• S(n )(rnsS(n )(rns

• DehydrationDehydration

• eat cram*seat cram*s

• Conf(sion. na(sea &Conf(sion. na(sea &

vomitingvomiting

• E5am*les6 o(tdoorE5am*les6 o(tdoorconstr(ctionconstr(ction

‚00ects o0 ‚Štre.e‚00ects o0 ‚Štre.eCo%/‹Co%/‹•y*othermiay*othermia

•Trench footTrench foot

•Cold )(rnCold )(rn

•#oss of concentration &#oss of concentration &

shiveringshivering



12

„‡‚D‚ŒLD‚ ˆ‚-S†‡‚„‡‚D‚ŒLD‚ ˆ‚-S†‡‚

• Avoid ,orking o(tdoors ,here *ossi)l Avoid ,orking o(tdoors ,here *ossi)lee• Carry o(t s(ita)le & s(fficient !isk Assessment

• Ventilation systems

• Ade/(ate training. information & s(*ervision

• Control ,orking environment6 heating1cooling systemsControl ,orking environment6 heating1cooling systems

• re em*loyment medical2 fit to ,orkre em*loyment medical2 fit to ,ork

• Al,ays drink a lot of fl(ids Al,ays drink a lot of fl(ids

• Allo, ade/(ate acclimati+ation *eriod Allo, ade/(ate acclimati+ation *eriod

• !ed(ce time of e5*os(re2 7o) rotation!ed(ce time of e5*os(re2 7o) rotation

• "se *ro*er E"se *ro*er E



13

Dio%ence at Žor(‹الع

يئة

j ب

الع

• Any incident in ,hich a *erson is a)(sed.

threatened. or assa(lted in circ(mstances

relating to ,ork. ,hether )y other em*loyeesor others2 ver)al a)(se or threats as ,ell as

*hysical a)(se-



1&

CaNses‹

• !o))ery & thoseseeking immediate

attention

• Dissatisfaction ,ith the

treatment1servicereceived

• 8(llying & harassment

• Terrorism is no,

incl(ded

roNMs at ‡is(‹

• ealthcare 1 social care

*roviders

• Delivering 1 collecting

services

• A(thority re*resentatives

• Ed(cation *roviders• Transact cash or

val(a)les

• Ticketing *()lic

trans*ortation



1,

Contro% Strate#y‹• Assess the risk, record & review assessment

• Organizations to enforce zero tolerance violence policy

• Avoid using cash; use credit cards

• Means of communication: cell phones, alarms, radios… etc

• hysical !arriers e"g" fences, !ullet proof !ooths for ticketing

• #se close circuit television cameras $$%

• 'trict security measures e"g" (), finger print access, no

visitors… etc

• Avoid lone working & night working

• rovide ade*uate training & information; negotiation skills,

stress management… etc

• +eport, investigate & record all incidents of aggression



1?

-%co"o% 'rN#s e00ects on …KS

مة

;[ ال

@

}~ z{̀ير

5 الع

9 ا

OF ال خ

عط

ير

‘

• $ncreased accidents slower refle-es.

• $ncreased Errors impaired perception.

• $ncreased com*laints easily irritated.

• $ncreased a)senteeism hang over.

• oor time kee*ing impaired /udgment.

• Decreased *rod(ctivity 'tress related.

• Adverse health effects2 liver damage. coronary heart

disease. high )lood *ress(re. *sychological

*ro)lems9 etc



1

Contro% Strate#y‹ : Assess the risk & the si+e of the *ro)lem

: ave a S()stance A)(se olicy in *lace : rovide information & raise the a,areness

: !emove ,ork stressors & *rovide stress management

: ;ffer hel* for em*loyees ,ho have drinking *ro)lems

: Maintain confidentiality of cases ,ith alcohol or dr(g *ro)lems

: Screening tests2 *re em*loyment & after incidents : Never (se controlled or (ncontrolled medication ,itho(t the doctors

*ermission 3some over the co(nter medication ca(ses dro,siness4

: $m*lement disci*linary actions

: !e*ort. record & investigate cases of alcohol1dr(g a)(se ,itho(t

disclosing any *ersonal information 3confidential4



1J

K-’-‡'S L… „‚'‚SL‡-ŒSK-’-‡'S L… „‚'‚SL‡-ŒS

“الع

يئ

j ب

E

* ال

” = ي

zQ ر

4 ال

z{ال خطر

“الع

يئ

j ب

E

* ال

” = ي

zQ ر

4 ال

z{ال خطر

• S%iMs‹ D(e to red(ced friction )et,eenfeet & ,alking s(rface2 ,et or dustyfloors, spill, ice, unsuita!le footwear,varnished wooden floors… etc"

• LriMs‹ loss of )alance if foot is sto**eds(ddenly ,hile )ody contin(es inmotion2 loose carpets, floor holes,ca!les across walkways, rugs, ru!!ish,uneven floor… etc"



1T

K-’-‡'S L… „‚'‚SL‡-ŒSK-’-‡'S L… „‚'‚SL‡-ŒS

• $a%%s 0ro. a Kei#"t‹ <=> of allre*orted 7o) fatalities is ca(sed )yfalling from a height2 roof, ladder,scaffold, floor openings,unguarded platforms over 0 metersfeet high… etc"

• Co%%ision Žit" .ovin# ve"ic%es‹a**ens either inside the,ork*lace or on the access roadaro(nd it d(ring comm(te2 poorlighting, over speeding of vehicles,

no clear separation !etween pedestrians & vehicles, lack ofwarning signs & !arriers… etc"



2€

K-’-‡'S L… „‚'‚SL‡-ŒSK-’-‡'S L… „‚'‚SL‡-ŒS

• ein# strNc( –y .ovin#— 0a%%in# or 0%yin# o–˜ects‹moving parts of machinery, flying o!/ects are often

generated !y the disintegration of moving parts,

falling o!/ects are common in construction sites…

etc"

• Stri(in# a#ainst 0iŠe/ or stationary o–˜ects‹colliding against a *art of a )(ilding. o*ened dra,er.

lying o)7ect on the floor9 etc-



21

C…ŒL‡…U SL‡-L‚‚S $…‡ „‚'‚SL‡-Œ K-’-‡'S

• Eliminate ha+ards2 good housekeeping . kee*ing a safe place ofwork . cleaning aisles & *assage,ays. consider sli* resistants(rfaces-

• Ens(re a safe place of work in thedesign phase if *ossi)le-

• Ado*t & mark designated,alk,ays-

• Ens(re *ro*er %raining,(nformation, 1ork (nstructions &

supervision at all times

• Ens(re *ro*er 2 is ,orn at alltimes-



22

Contro% Strate#ies 0or „e/estrian Ka™ar/s‡is( -ssess.ent is crNcia% to –e /one 0or a%% Žor( activities & controls ,ill )e set

according to the risk level & follo,ing the Hierarchy of control:

• Eliminate ha+ards2 good house keeping . kee*ing a safe place of work . cleaningaisles & *assage ,ays. consider sli* resistant s(rfaces-

• Follo, a 'afe 'ystem of 1ork & iss(e Work ermit-

• Ens(re a safe place of work in the design phase if *ossi)le-

• Ado*t & mark designated ,alk,ays-

• Ens(re *ro*er %raining, (nformation, 1ork (nstructions & supervision at all times-

• Ens(re *ro*er 2 is ,orn at all times-• S(ita)le maintenance systems. +eporting & *roced(res to follo, (* on corrective

actions-

• Cleaning of s*ills. (se of signs ,hile cleaning-

• Se*aration )et,een designated vehicle passages & pedestrians )y means of

marking. signs. )arriers9 etc-

• Work environment2 lighting, ventilation, noise, dust… etc -

• !eg(lar (nspections & ens(re *ro*er 'afety 'igns are in *lace-

• "se *ro*er fall protection2 g(ard rails. Scaffolding. safe ladders. fall harness9

etc-



23

S%iMs an/ LriMs‹ âõr nÑries

Slipped on wet surface 2109

Slipped on dry surface 530

Tripped over obstruction 2,098

Tripped over uneven oor surface 955

Slipped, tripped or fell not above 4,435

Slipped, tripped or fell unnown 885



2&

T!e oor surface" Slippery surface, !oles,uneven surface etc#

$onta%ination" Spilla&es, 'eas

(bstructions" )ubbis!, trailin& cables, ru&setc#

T!e Tas" $arryin& loads, space to wor

*nviron%ent" 'i&!tin&

+ootwear" nsuitable footwear

T!e -eople" naware of t!e dan&ers

Factors contributing to

slips, tripsand falls



2,

$a%%s 0ro. Kei#"t

HSE: 2!"2#

,,šof allaccid$nts

?@fatalities

.<@?.a/or in/uries

.Bover 3 dayin/uries



2?

$ata%ity $a%%s –y -ctivity

ctivity +atalities .a/orn/uries

)oof 13 134

'adder 10 1,180

e!icles-lant 10 805Scaoldin& 8 23

$onveyin&'iftin&Stora&e

3 28

StairsSteps 6 166

(t!ers 2 983

Totals 53 3,683



2

KoNse(eeMin#

Ha%ards• So%eone could trip

or fall

• ncreased ris of 7re

• +ire eits could bebloced

• T!ere is a ris ofinfection

• $!e%icals are bein&used

• nfestation t!atallows breedin& ofrats, cocroac!es,etc :

• e!icle $ollisions

&r$cautions• dentify !ouseeepin&

re;uire%ents

• )esponsibilities for

!ouseeepin&

• )esources for &ood!ouseeepin&

• Train sta in use of

e;uip%ent

• )e&ular inspections



2J

ConstrNction Ka™ar/s Contro%

Sa0e M%ace o0 Žor(‹

• Constr(ction site locked & sec(red ,ith ro*er signs *osted• Sec(re & so(nd *erimeter fence ,ith signs *osted. (se CCTV

• #adders safe & stored sec(rely ,hen not (sed

• All e5cavations fenced. signs *osted & covered ,hen not in (se

• Sec(re storage & safe handling of all flamma)le & ha+ardo(s

s()stances

• All scaffolds. hoists & cranes are safe for (se

• %ood ho(se kee*ing is cr(cial

• ro*er arrangements for ,aste dis*osal



2T

!or( at "ei#"t‹ {7OXا z{ الع• All ,ork activities ,here there is a risk of falling a distance

lia)le to ca(se *ersonal in7(ry• Working on scaffold or a mo)ile elevated ,orking *latform

MEW

• Working on to* of a container & (sing ladders or ste*ladders

• Working ,ith high trees & forestry

• Clim)ing *ermanent str(ct(re e-g- *hone *ole

• ainting & ,orking near e5cavation in ,hich ,orker co(ld fall

• !oof & chimney ,orking



3€

„‡…L‚CL…Œ --ŒSL $-UUŒ $‡…ˆ„‡…L‚CL…Œ --ŒSL $-UUŒ $‡…ˆK‚KLSK‚KLS

• Carry o(t s(fficient & s(ita)le !isk AssessmentCarry o(t s(fficient & s(ita)le !isk Assessment

• $m*lement safe system of ,ork2 TW$m*lement safe system of ,ork2 TW

• Avoid ,orking at heights ,here *ossi)le Avoid ,orking at heights ,here *ossi)le

• rovision of a *ro*erly constr(cted ,orking *latformrovision of a *ro*erly constr(cted ,orking *latform

• "se s(s*ension e/(i*ment & collective fall arrest"se s(s*ension e/(i*ment & collective fall arrest

• $ndivid(al fall restrainers 3safety harness4 as last resort$ndivid(al fall restrainers 3safety harness4 as last resort



31

$ra#i%e roo0s sNr0aces‹~

j ال

›Am ا

z{الع

• !e/(ires s*ecific !isk Assessment

• $m*lement safe system of ,ork• a+ards2 roofing material that deteriorates ,ith age & ,eather

• E5*osed edges. (nsafe access e/(i*ment & falls from ridges

• M(st (se safe means of access2 scaffolding. ladders9 etc

• rovide s(ita)le )arriers. g(ard rails & ,arning signs

• ;nly com*etent & a(thori+ed *ersonnel to ,ork on roofs

• "se E & fall *rotection devices as last resort



32

„rotection a#ainst 0a%%in# o–˜ects‹

• $nvolves constr(ction ,orkers & *()lic mem)ers• rovide covered ,alk,ays & s(ita)le netting to catch falling

o)7ects

• Waste material to )e )ro(ght do,n via ch(tes or hoists

• ;nly minimal /(antities of )(ilding material to )e stored on

,orking *latforms

• rovide E2 ead *rotection to ,orkers. contractors & visitors

• Dis*lay signs ill(strating mandatory head *rotection



33

'‚ˆ…UL…Œ'‚ˆ…UL…Œ@F لا B {ا رطخم@F لا B {ا رطخم

ˆain "a™ar/s‹• Falls from height or at the

same level

• Falling de)ris & *remat(recolla*se of str(ct(re

• D(st & f(mes• Man(al handling

• E5*os(re to As)estos & otherha+ardo(s s()stances

• 'oise & vi)ration from

e/(i*ment• Fires. e5*losions & electric

shocks

C…ŒL‡…U‹• F(ll ,ritten !isk Assessment

• F(ll site investigation )y acom*etent *erson

• Arrangements to *rotect

,orkers & *()lic fromha+ardo(s s()stances e-g-

As)estos

• Safe system of ,ork2 TW.$solation9 etc

• Emergency arrangements2first aid. fire9 etc



3&

…LK‚‡ C…ŒSL‡†CL…Œ K-’‡-'S…LK‚‡ C…ŒSL‡†CL…Œ K-’‡-'S

• VE$C#ES & T!AFF$CE !;"TESVE$C#ES & T!AFF$CE !;"TES

• F$!E & ;TE! EME!%E'CF$!E & ;TE! EME!%E'C A!!A'%EME'TS A!!A'%EME'TS

• WE#FA!E FAC$#$T$ESWE#FA!E FAC$#$T$ES

• E#ECT!$C$TE#ECT!$C$T

• ';$SE';$SE



3,

De"ic%es Lra00ic‡oNtes‹ main ca(ses

•;vert(rning on slo*es &at edges of e5cavations

•oor maintenance of

vehicles & )raking

systems•Driver error d(e to lack

of training 1 e5*erience

De"ic%es Lra00ic ‡oNtes‹ Controls6

•Designated traffic ro(tes & signs

•S*eed limits & s*eed monitoring

•ro*er ins*ection & maintenance

•Wheel chocks ,hen vehicles are

*arked

•rovision of rollover *rotection &seat )elts

•Vis(al & A(di)le ,arning

•!efer to Element Seven for more

information



3?

$ire ot"er ‚.er#encies arran#e.ents‹

•!elevant Emergency !es*onse *lans sho(ld )e in *lace2 Fire.

e5*losion. Medical Evac(ation & str(ct(ral colla*se-

• Arrangements sho(ld incl(de location of assem)ly *oints.

*rovision of fire e5ting(ishers

•Site evac(ation *roced(res. contact ,ith emergency services

• Accidents re*orting & investigation *roced(res

•Training. $nstr(ctions & drills



3

!e%0are $aci%ities‹

• Sanitary & ,ashing facilities

• Ade/(ate s(**ly of drinking ,ater

• Accommodation for changing clothes & rest facilities• Ade/(ate first aid *rovision

• Ade/(ate E for adverse ,eather



3J

‚%ectricity‹

• D(e to *ossi)ility of ,et conditions2 it is

recommended to (se only GGVolts e/(i*ment

on constr(ction sites

• !esid(al C(rrent Devices to )e (sed ,ith all

e/(i*ment

• reca(tions for ;verhead & (ndergro(nd

*o,er lines



3T

Se%ection Contro% o0 contractors‹ the follo,ing

elements to )e considered regarding contractor0s ;S

MS & *erformance6

•C(rrent ;S olicy & Management System $n *lace

•!egister of !isk Assessments & Control meas(res

•Details of com*etence certification

•Details of ins(rance arrangements at the time of contract

•Details of *revio(s accidents & incidents

•Details of *revio(s ,ork done )y the contractor

•!eferences from *revio(s em*loyers

•Details of ;S training of the contractor & his em*loyees



&€

ˆana#e.ent contro%s t"at can –e aMM%ie/ 0orsi#ni0icant constrNction Mro˜ectsœ

!efer to Constr(ction Design & Management!eg(lations <H online6

,,,-hse-gov-(k1constr(ction1cdm-htm

http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/cdm.htm

http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/cdm.htm



&1

1 Ua//ers‹ Ty*es6

• Stepladder A selfs(**orting *orta)le ladder. nonad7(sta)le in length. having flat ste*s and hinged

)ack-

• Single Ladder A non selfs(**orting *orta)le

ladder. nonad7(sta)le in length. consisting of )(t onesection- $ts si+e is designed )y overall length of the

side rail-

• Extension Ladder A non selfs(**orting *orta)le

ladder ad7(sta)le in length-



&2

U-''‚‡S S-$‚LžU-''‚‡S S-$‚Lž

• #adders shall )e *laced ,ith a sec(re#adders shall )e *laced ,ith a sec(refooting. or they shall )e lashed. or held infooting. or they shall )e lashed. or held in*osition-*osition-

• #adders (sed to gain access to a roof or#adders (sed to gain access to a roof orother area shall e5tend at least one meterother area shall e5tend at least one meter

a)ove the *oint of s(**ort-a)ove the *oint of s(**ort-• The foot of a ladder shall. ,here *ossi)le. )eThe foot of a ladder shall. ,here *ossi)le. )e

(sed at s(ch a *itch that the hori+ontal(sed at s(ch a *itch that the hori+ontaldistance from the to* s(**ort to the foot ofdistance from the to* s(**ort to the foot ofthe ladder is one /(arter of the ,orkingthe ladder is one /(arter of the ,orkinglength of the ladder 3the length along thelength of the ladder 3the length along theladder )et,een the foot and the s(**ort4-ladder )et,een the foot and the s(**ort4-

• The ,orker shall al,aysThe ,orker shall al,ays faceface the ladderthe ladder,hen clim)ing (* or do,n-,hen clim)ing (* or do,n-



&3

• Short ladders shall not )e s*liced together to make long

ladders-

• #adders shall never )e (sed in the hori+ontal *osition as

scaffolds or ,ork *latforms-

• The to* of a reg(lar ste*ladder shall not )e (sed as a ste*-

• "se )oth hands ,hen clim)ing and descending ladders-

• Metal ladders shall never )e (sed near electrical e/(i*ment-

• #adders shall )e maintained in good condition at all times-• #adders shall )e ins*ected fre/(ently and those ,hich have

develo*ed defects shall )e ,ithdra,n from service for re*air-



&&

SC-$$…U'SSC-$$…U'S

%(ard

!ail

#edger

8racing

Standard

s

8aselates

ˆain Co.Monents‹Standard: "*right t()e or *ole (sed

as vertical s(**ort in scaffoldLedger: At t()e s*anning hori+ontally

& tying standards longit(dinally

Bracing: T()es ,hich s*an diagonally

to strengthen & *revent movement of

scaffoldTransom: T()e s*anning across

ledgers to tie a scaffold transversally

Guardrail: hori+ontal t()e fitted to

standards along ,orking *latforms to

*revent *ersons from falling

Toe boards: are fitted at the )ase of

,orking *latform to *revent *ersons.

materials or tools from falling



&,

„‡‚C-†L…ŒS !K‚Œ †SŒ SC-$$…U'S„‡‚C-†L…ŒS !K‚Œ †SŒ SC-$$…U'S

• The footing or anchorage forThe footing or anchorage forscaffolds shall )e so(nd. rigidscaffolds shall )e so(nd. rigid

and ca*a)le of carrying theand ca*a)le of carrying thema5im(m intended load ,itho(tma5im(m intended load ,itho(tsettling or dis*lacement-settling or dis*lacement-

• "nsta)le o)7ects. s(ch as"nsta)le o)7ects. s(ch as)arrels. )o5es. loose )rick. or)arrels. )o5es. loose )rick. orconcrete )locks shall not )econcrete )locks shall not )e

(sed to s(**ort scaffolds-(sed to s(**ort scaffolds-

• Scaffolds shall never )eScaffolds shall never )eoverloaded-overloaded-

• Scaffolds shall )e maintained inScaffolds shall )e maintained ina safe condition and shall not )ea safe condition and shall not )ealtered or moved hori+ontallyaltered or moved hori+ontally

,hile they are in (se or,hile they are in (se orocc(*iedocc(*ied

• A safe means m(st )e *rovided to A safe means m(st )e *rovided togain access to the ,orking *latformgain access to the ,orking *latformlevel thro(gh the (se of a ladder.level thro(gh the (se of a ladder.ram*. etc-ram*. etc-

• %(ardrails & toe )oards m(st )e%(ardrails & toe )oards m(st )e

installed on all o*en sides andinstalled on all o*en sides andends of *latformsends of *latforms

• !eg(lar $ns*ections of the scaffold!eg(lar $ns*ections of the scaffoldm(st )e made & recordedm(st )e made & recorded

• rovision of ade/(ate training.rovision of ade/(ate training.$nstr(ctions & s(*ervision$nstr(ctions & s(*ervision

• rovision of ade/(ate E & fallrovision of ade/(ate E & fall*rotection meas(res*rotection meas(res



&?

ˆo–i%e Sca00o%/ LoŽers‹• Selection. erection & dismantling of mo)ile scaffold to,ers m(st )e

(ndertaken )y com*etent & trained *ersonnel

• Al,ays (se diagonal )racings & sta)ili+ers

• Access ladders to )e fitted to the narro,est side of the to,er

• ersons sho(ld not clim) (* the frame of the to,er

• All ,heels m(st )e locked ,hile ,ork is in *rogress

• M(st )e )oarded. fitted ,ith g(ardrails & toe )oards• M(st never )e overloaded

• M(st )e tied to a rigid str(ct(re ,hen ,orking in ,indy ,eather

• ersons sho(ld never overreach

• To,er sho(ld )e ins*ected on a reg(lar )asis & re*orts & records

ke*t



&

nsMection .aintenance o0 Sca00o%/s‹

•8efore )eing (sed for the first time• After s()stantial addition. dismantling or alteration

• After any event likely to have affected its strength or sta)ility

• At reg(lar intervals not e5ceeding H days

•8efore ,ork at the start of every shift• After accidental fall of rock. earth or any material

•ro*er reg(lar maintenance *roced(re is a m(st



&J

ˆo–i%e ‚%evate/ !or(in# „%at0or.s‹• M(st only )e o*erated )y com*etent trained *ersonnel

• M(st never )e moved in the elevated *osition

• M(st )e o*erated on level & sta)le gro(nd

• Tires inflated *ro*erly & ,heels immo)ili+ed ,hen

occ(*ied

• Warning signs & )arriers to avoid collision• Sho(ld )e ins*ected & maintained reg(larly

• Drivers of MEW to )e trained in emergency *roced(res



&T

reca(tions ,hen (sing mo)ile to,er scaffolds sho(ld incl(de6

• ;nly to )e (sed on firm. sta)le level gro(nd

• To )e moved only )y *(lling or *(shing at the )ase

• Working *latforms sho(ld )e clear of men and materials ,hen the scaffold is)eing moved

• Wheels sho(ld )e t(rned o(t,ards to *rovide ma5im(m )ase dimensions and

,heel )rakes m(st )e IonJ and locked ,hen the scaffold is )eing (sed

• Correct height to ,idth ratio

• Diagonal )racing

• Working *latform *ro*erly )oarded and evenly s(**orted

• Working *latform *ro*erly fitted ,ith g(ardrails and toe)oards

• 'ot overloaded

• ro*erly sec(red access e5tending a)ove landing *lace

• Acco(nt taken of overhead o)str(ctions1*o,er lines

• Correct fittings and materials (sed• $ns*ected every H days



,€

ˆo–i%e ‚%evatin# !or( „%at0or.s “ˆ‚!„S” can *rovide

e5cellent safe access to high level ,ork- When (sing a MEW

make s(re6

•The o*erator is f(lly trained and com*etent

•The ,ork *latform is fitted ,ith g(ardrails and toe)oards

•$t is (sed on s(ita)le firm and level gro(nd- The gro(nd may have to )e

*re*ared in advance

•'ot overloaded

•Clear of overhead o)str(ctions•The ,ork area is cordoned off to *revent access )elo, the ,ork *latform and

collisions-

• Any o(triggers are e5tended and chocked as necessary )efore raising the

*latform

•Everyone kno,s ,hat to do if the machine fails ,ith the *latform in the raised

*osition

•$f )eing (sed on a *()lic high,ay in *oor lighting that it is ,ell lit



,1

'… Œ…L

• o*erate MEWs close to overhead ca)les or other dangero(s

machinery

• allo, a kn(ckles. or el)o,. of the arm to *rotr(de into a traffic ro(te

,hen ,orking near vehicles

• move the e/(i*ment ,ith the *latform in the raised *osition (nless the

e/(i*ment is es*ecially designed to allo, this to )e done safely

3check the man(fact(rerKs instr(ctions4-

• Some MEWs can )e s(ed on ro(gh terrain- This (s(ally means thatthey are safe to (se on (neven or (nd(lating gro(nd- Al,ays check

their limitations in the man(fact(rerKs hand)ook )efore taking them

onto (n*re*ared or slo*ing gro(nd- Wearing a harness ,ith a lanyard

attached to the *latform *rovides e5tra *rotection against falls

es*ecially ,hen the *latform is )eing raised or lo,ered-



,2

S†S„‚Œ'‚' -CC‚SS ‚Ÿ†„ˆ‚ŒL

S(s*ended access e/(i*ment covers s(ch things as s(s*ended

cradles e-g- ,indo, cleaning cradles. )oats,ains chairs etc-

• !eg(lar ins*ection

• Safe ,orking load

• Com*etent staff

• Safety e/(i*ment ,orking

• latform edge *rotection• %(ard rails and toe )oards fitted

• Adverse ,eather r(les

• rotected electricity s(**lies

• Comm(nication

• Emergency *roced(res



,3

‚Šcavation nsMection

‚Šcavations s"oN%/ –e insMecte/‹

• At the start of every shift )efore ,ork starts

• After any event likely to affect the strength

• Any accidental fall of rock earth or other materials

titi



,&

eŠcavationeŠcavation‚ƒC-D-L…ŒS

• E5cavation is an essential element of the constr(ction *rocess. *artic(larly inrelation to the constr(ction of fo(ndations. drainage ,ork and site regarding of

all kinds-

• $n carrying o(t an e5cavation the soil conditions can vary ,idely. often in short

distances- 'o soil. ,hatever its nat(re. can )e relied (*on to s(**ort its o,n

,eight for any length of time : let alone any additional loads ,hich may )e

im*osed )y *lant and materials- $t sho(ld never )e forgotten that G-@ tonnes-

Even a small fall of earth is ca*a)le of inflicting serio(s in7(ry. even if it does not

kill- "nless. therefore. the e5cavation can )e )attered to a safe slo*e. the sides

,ill need s(**orting to *revent the *ossi)ility of colla*se and th(s6

G- *rovide safe conditions for *ersons ,orking in or ad7acent to the e5cavation and.

in some sit(ations the *()lic as ,ell

<- ena)le the ,orks to )e carried o(t ,ith interr(*tion

@- *rotect ad7acent *ro*erty and1or *()lic services



,,

CK‚CUSL

• What are the soil ty*es and conditionsL

• $s the e5cavation ad7acent to e5isting str(ct(res or roadsL

• Are there any o)str(ctions to the line of the e5cavationL e-g- *()lic(tility mains or ca)les. se,ers. ind(strial mains. overhead ca)les

• $s there any risk of s(rface flooding ,hile the ,ork is )eing carried o(tL

$s flooding from services *ossi)leL

• $s the e5cavation ,ithin the site )o(ndary or are s*ecial *reca(tions

necessary to *rotect the *()lic and1or local trafficL• $f the e5cavation is a trench. ,hat is the de*t and does it need

s(**ortingL

• What arrangements need to )e made in relation to site sec(rity.

*artic(larly in relation to sto**ing children getting on to the siteL

• Are s(fficient ladders on hand for access to and from the e5cavationL



,?

• Will lighting )e re/(iredL• $s a**ro*riate *rotective clothing and e/(i*ment availa)leL

• Are o*eratives e5*erienced in the ty*e of e5cavation. or ,ill e5tra

s(*ervision )e neededL

• Are vehicles coming near the e5cavation. if so do ,e need )anksmenL

• Do ,e need to ventilate the e5cavationL• Do ,e have emergency *roced(reL

• Do ,e ins*ect the e5cavation after )ad ,eather or any other changesL



,

ECAVAT$;'ECAVAT$;'Hazards associated with

Excavations:

<Collapse of the sides<Materials falling on workers in theexcavation<Falling of people or vehicles in theexcavation<Equipment e.g. pneumatic drill<Hazardous substances

<nflux of ground or surface water !drowning or entrapment<Contact with under ground services<"ccess ! egress to the excavation<Fumes# lack of $x%gen ! other healthhazards

Precautions & Controls:

<Competent person should supervise the

work ! workers<"rrangements to prevent sides ofexcavation from collapsing e.g. digging atsafe angle or shoring up with timber <&eep vehicles awa% ! use audio ' visualwarnings<(afe s%stem of work) *+,

<(ite must be well lit at night<solate mains of water suppl% to avoidflooding<"vailable underground service locationdrawings<(afe access b% ladders is essential<*rovide **E



,J

nsMection reMortin# 0or eŠcavations‹

• After any event likely to affect the strength or sta)ility ofe5cavation

• 8efore ,ork at the start of every shift

• After accidental fall of any material

• $ns*ections & re*orts to )e done )y com*etent *ersonnel

• ;nly one re*ort re/(ired every H days at least

• A co*y of the re*ort to )e given to the manger. ke*t on site &

retained for at least @ months after ,ork is com*leted



,T

K‚-ULK K-’-‡'S ŒK‚-ULK K-’-‡'S ŒC…ŒSL‡†CL…ŒC…ŒSL‡†CL…Œ

C"e.ica% "ea%t" "a™ar/s‹ As)estos

Cement

Solvents & cleaners

#ead d(st

Wood d(st

Silica d(st

%ases. f(mes

„"ysica% "ea%t" "a™ar/s‹

'oiseVi)ration

Electricity

Fire

Man(al andlingio%o#ica%‹

Tetan(s8ird0s fl(

#e*tos*irosis

!odents & insects



?€

Œoise

• There can )e very noisy e/(i*ment on constr(ctionsites s(ch as com*ressors and *ne(matic drills

,hich can o)vio(sly ca(se deafness- Also e5*losives

may )e (sed and this can ca(se )last deafness-

Di–ration

• Tools that can ca(se vi)ration ,hite finger incl(de

*ne(matic drills-



?1

'NstsConstr(ction ,orkers may )e e5*osed to vario(s forms of d(st s(ch as6

G4 Sa,d(st from hard,ood and soft ,ood tim)er and fi)er)oards ,hich

can ca(se res*iratory *ro)lems or may )e carcinogenic-

<4 #ead d(st from handling flashings or *aint removal ,hich are to5ic-

@4 Silica d(st from stone materials ,hich can affect the l(ngs

4 As)estos fi)res from demolition ,hich are carcinogenic-

Ce.entContact ,ith cement can ca(se dermatitis skin )(rns and (lcers and the

cement d(st itself is also a res*iratory irritant-



?2

So%vents an/ C%eaners• A large range of these ty*es of *rod(cts may )e (sed s(ch as

adhesives. gl(es. *aints. *aint removers etc- and ac(te e5*os(re can

ca(se di++iness. headaches and na(sea-

• Chronic effects can )e damage to l(ngs. liver and kidneys-

• Storage of Constr(ction materials

There is a large amo(nt of materials that may )e fo(nd on

constr(ction sites and these may incl(de s(ch materials as6

• iles of sand and aggregate

• 8ricks. )locks and roof tiles

• !oof tr(sses

• Vario(s ty*es of *i*es



?3

The main ha+ards involved ,ith storage

of materials incl(de6

•Falling off vehicles d(ring delivery

•Tri**ing ha+ards

•;)str(cting traffic ro(tes and ,alkingro(tes

•Materials falling from stock*iles

•Materials ca(sing d(st ha+ards



?&

The main *reca(tions incl(de6

• N(antities ordered• Effective storing

• iles of material ke*t to as lo, a height as *ossi)le

• Clearly marked storage areas

•Checking storage areas to ens(re good ho(sekee*ing



?,

Stora#e o0 $%a..a–%e ˆateria%s

;n constr(ction sites a lot of flamma)le li/(ids and gases may )e fo(nd

s(ch as o5ygen. acetylene. ro*ane. 8(tane etc- To ens(re safestorage the follo,ing sho(ld )e follo,ed6

• Oee* /(antities to a minim(m

• Sec(re storage areas

• Storage area *ro*erly ventilated

• Containers and cylinders ret(rned to storage at end of day

• rohi)it smoking and other ignition so(rces from storage area

• S(ita)le and *ro*erly la)elled containers for decanted materials

• rotection of storage area from vehicle im*act

• $ns*ection of gas cylinders to ens(re valves f(lly closed

• Correct and right n(m)er of fire e5ting(ishers



??

†se o0 S(iMs

The *reca(tions regarding ski*s sho(ld )e6

• S(ita)le ski* from re*(ta)le s(**lier1 contractor

• a+ardo(s ,aste stored se*arately

• Ski* in good condition

• Ski* not overloaded

• #ocated on firm level gro(nd• Ade/(ate room for delivery1removal

• Ch(tes for filling

• 'etting or sheeting for removal

• E for staff



?

‚%ectrica% ‚¡NiM.ent

Electrical e/(i*ment (sed on constr(ction sites. s(ch as *orta)le drills

sanders etc-. may )e e5*osed to severe ,eather conditions as ,ell as

)eing dragged over ro(gh gro(nd conditions- This can lead to

e/(i*ment )ecoming dangero(s- S(ita)le *reca(tions for this sho(ld

incl(de6

• Ens(ring s(ita)le e/(i*ment

• !ed(ced voltage GGV s(**ly system

• E5tra lo, voltage for ,et locations

• "se of !esid(al C(rrent Devices 3!CDs4

• Do()le ins(lated tools

• 8attery o*erated tools

• S(ita)le connections

• re(se ins*ections

• $ns*ection. testing and maintenance

• Com*etence of ,orkers



?J

…ver"ea/ ‚%ectrica% Services;n many sites there are high voltage overhead *o,er lines- $t is essential

that no *lant or e/(i*ment is allo,ed to come near the overhead lines

and the s(ggested safe distance from the lines is B metres-

$f *lant or e/(i*ment has to *ass )elo, overhead *o,er lines the

*reca(tions sho(ld incl(de6

• $solation of *o,er if *ossi)le

• Safe *ath marked 3"se of )arriers. fencing4

• eight restrictions marked )y goal*osts

• Warning notices

• 8an e/(i*ment ca*a)le of reaching overhead lines

• #imiters fitted to cranes

•S(*ervision



?T

†n/er#roNn/ Services

"ndergro(nd services co(ld incl(de6

• Electrical ca)les

• Water *i*es

• Se,er *i*es

• %as *i*es

• Telecomm(nications

• Flamma)le gases or li/(ids



The *reca(tions for dealing ,ith (ndergro(nd services can )e gro(*ed

(nder the three headings of6

„%annin#‹ 8y (ndertaking a site s*ecific risk assessment and (sing

*ermitto,ork systems

Uocatin# an/ /enti0yin# the services- The (tilities com*anies can

*rovide *lans sho,ing the location of services )(t the services may not

have )een laid in the same *osition. or later modifications may have taken

*lace ,hich have not )een recorded-

Ca)le Avoidance Tools kno,n as CAT Scanners sho(ld )e (sed to detect

live electrical ca)les-

'i##in#

•E5cavations sho(ld r(n alongside the service instead of a)ove it ,ith final

digging )y hand-

igc2 element 1 hazards

Documents