rallcKoll

A3EYKA HAlUiOHAJll13MA

IKoPJDI ~011aJlH3Ma

lIra raKoe HaquoHanU3M HaIJHOHaJIH3M - lTO COCTomme

Ma y6e)(AeHHOrO trIO BbIcweii neHHOCTbIO JIHlIHOCTH A01DKHO 6bIIIt

HaIJHOHaJIbHoe rOCY)JapCTBO fny60KaH npHBH3alUlOCID K pO)JHoi

nOlBe Ilt Mecrnoii Tpa)JHIJHH K YCTaHOBHBWHMCH MeCTHbIM aBTOPHshy

TeTaM C pa3JIWlHOii CHJIoii npOHBJIHJIHCh Ha npOTH)f(eHHH HCTOPHH

O)JHllKO JIHIllb C 1lt0Hlla XVIII B HaIJHOHaJIH3M B COBpeMeHHOM

CMbICJIe CJIOBa CTaJI nOBceMecmo np06YAHBllIHMCH qyBCTBOM

1lt0TOpOe BO Bce 60JIbWeii Mepe ltl0pMHpyeT 06111eCTBeHHYIO H qactshy

HYIO gtKH3Hb I1AeH trIO y IltIDKAoii HaIJHH A01DKHO 6bITb CBoe c06ctshy

BeHHoe rOCY)JapCTBO OXBaTbIBaIOlllee BCIO H3lIH1O B03HHIltJIa CPaDshy

HHTeJIbHO He)JaBHO npe)(Ae tIeJIOBeK 6bIJI 06H3aH c06moAaTb npeAaHshy

HOCTb He HaIJHOHaJIbHOMY rOCY)JapCJBY a nOJIHTHtIeCKOii opraHH3ashy

IJHH HJIH HAeOJIOrHlIeCKoii 06111HOCTH TaKHM KaK nneMH HJIH KlIaH

ropoA-rOCY)JapCTBO HJIH ltleOAaJIbHbIii ClO3epeH )JHHaCTHtIeCKOe rashy

CY)JaPCTBO nepKOBb HJIH peJIHrH03HaH rpynna B TetICHHe MHOrHX

BeKOB nOJIHTHtIeCKHM HAeaJIOM 6bmo He HaIJHOHaJIbHOC rOCYAapctshy

BO a (no MeHbllIeii Mepe TeOpeTHtIeCKH) MHpOBaH HMnepWl BK1IIOshy

lJaIOlllaH pa3JIWlHble HapOWgtI H 3THHtIeCKHe rpynnbI Ha OCHOBe 06meii

IJHBHml3aIJHH H HMelOlllaH cBoeii nCJIblO 06CCnCtICHHC Bce06mero

MHpa

113 KHHm (Hans Kohn) Nationalizm Its Meaning and Hlstorv

1955

88

Hal1llll - npO)JyKT )fGfBbIX CM HCTOpHH nOHHTHe 0 HHX Meshy

MeTCR Hl1Kor)Ja He 3aCTbIBaH HaIJWI 3TO tIpe3BbItIaiiHO CJIO)f(Hoe

nOHHTHe He nO)J)JalOllleeCH TOtIHOMY onpeAeJIeHHIO EOJIbllillHCTBO

HaIJHii 06JI3AaeT onpeAeJIeHHbIMH 061gteKTHBHbIMH npH3HaKaMH

OTJIHtIalOlllHMH HX OT APYTHX lIaUHH TaKHMH KaK 06111ee npOHCshy

XO)()JeHHe H3bIIlt TeppHTopHH nOJIHTHtIeCKaH 06111HOCID 06bItIaH

Tpa)JHIJHH H peJIHrHH RCHO O[JHaKO tITO HH O)JHH H3 3THX ltlaKTopoB

He HBJIjJeTCH pewaIOlllHM 1JlIH onpeAeJIeHHH HaIJHH HJIH 06H3arellbshy

HbIM YCJIOBHeM ee cYlllecmoBaHHH TaK HaCCJIeHHe COe)JHHeHHbIX

mTaTOB He HMeeT 06111ero npoHcxo)l(lJeHHH a HaCeJIeHHe IIIBeHnashy

pHH rOBOpll111ee Ha TpeXmiddottIeTbIpeX H3bIKax TeM He MeHee 06pa3yeT

BnOJIHe OnpeAeJIeHHylO HaUHIO XOTH 06beKTHBHbIe ltlaKTopbI HrpalOT

orpOMHyto P01lh B ltlopMHpoBallHH Hamill HaH60JIee BagtKHbIH 3JIeshy

MeHT - 3TO gtKHBaH H aKTHBHaH KOMeKTHBHaH BOJIH KOTOpylO MbI

Ha3bIBaeM HaIJHOHaJIH3MOM I1MeHHo HaIJHOHaJIH3M BAOXHOBJIjJeT

6oJIbllillHCTBO Hapo)Ja H npeTeH)JyeT Ha TO lIT06bI BAOXHOBJIjJTb

BceX npeACTaBHTCJIeii HaIJHH B nOM npOllBJIReTCH ynepeHHOCTh

trro HaIJHOHaJIbHOe rOCYAapCTBO HAeaJIbHO H RBJIlIeTCH e)JHHCTBelUlO

3aKOHHOH ltl0PMOH nOJIHTHtIeCKOii OpraHH3aIJHH trIO HaIJHH - HCTOllshy

HHK KYJIbryPHOii TBOptIeCKOH 3HeprHH H 3KOHOMHlIeCKoro 6JIaroshy

COCTORHHH

CoepeMeHHblU HaquoHanU3M Ellle AO HaCTynlleHHH 3noXH

HaIJliOHaJIH3Ma nOHBHJIHCb npOnOBe[JHHKH qynCTB CX01lHbIX C Hashy

UHOHaJIH3MOM O)JHaKO Tor)Ja 3TO 6bIDH BbICTynJIeHHH OTAeJIbHbIX

lIHIl MaCCbI ellle He OlllYlllaJIH Toro ITO HX gtKH3Hh - KYJIbtypHaH

nOJIHTHlJeCKaH 3KOHOMHtIeCKaH - 3aDHCHT OT Cywgt6bI HX HaUHOshy

HaJIbHOH 06lllHOCTH BHeWHHH onaCHOCTh MO)f(eT np06Y)JHTb CTpaCTshy

Hoe lyBCTBO HaIJHOHaJIbHOH CBR3H KaK 3TO CJIYtJHJIOCb B fpemm B

3noxy rpeKo-nepCHACKHX BOHH HJIH BO Cl)paHllHH BO BpeMH CTOJIeTshy

HeH BOHHbI O)JHaKO KaK rIPaBHJIO BOHHbI BnJIOTb AO Cl)PaHllY3CKOH

peBOJIIOIJHH He BbI3bIBaJIH rny60KHX HaUHOHaJIbHhIX lIynCTB B XOAe

neJIOnOHHeCCKHX BOHH rpeKH OeCTOqeHHO BOeBaJIH C rpeKaMH

B peJIHrH03HbIX H )JHHaCTHlIeCKHX BOHHax npe)JWeCTBOBaBIlIHX HOshy

BOMY BpeMeHH HeMIJbI BOeBaJIH nponm HeMueB a HTaJIbHilIJbI shy

npOTHB HTaJIbIDIneB HHKaK He OC03HaBaH 6paToy6nllcTBeHHoii

CYlllHocm CBOHX AeHCTBHH uIDKe B XVIII B H COJI)JaTbI II rpIDIC)JaHcshy

KHe JIHIIa B EBpone nOCTynaJIH Ha CJIygtK6y K HHOCTPaHHbIM npashy

BHTeJIRM H Hepe)JKO CJIygtKHJIH HM C JI01lJlbHOCTbIO H npC)JaHHOCThIO

89

oOK83bmanllIHMH OTcyrCTBHe KaKoro-mt60 HarmOHanbHoro lYSCTmiddot

Ba no BeCbMa HenaDlIHX nop HaUlIR He paCCMaTpHBaJIaCb H Kate

HCTOtIHHK KynbTYPHoH JKH3HH 00pa30nauHe H o6yqeHHe qOpMHpOo

BallliC MblwneHHR H xapaKTCpa qenOBeKa Ha npOTIDKeHllli nod

BceH HCTOPHH He BnHCbmaJIHCbmiddotB KaKHe-TO HaUllOUaJIbUbIe rpaHHI(bI

B TeleHHe MHOrnx BeKOB HCTOtIHltKOM Bceii KynbrypnoH H nyxosshy

HOH lltH3HH ClHTaJIaCb peJDfrHR B 3noxy B03pO~CnHR 11 n03)JJlee

OOpa30BaIllie nOBclOny B EBpone yxOJlH1l0 CBOllMH KOPHRMH B 06shy

myro rpatUIUlIIO KnaCCHleCKOH UlIBHnH33l1HH l1oeanbI pbIflapCrna

B cpegHeBeKoBoH EBpone H Tpa~UUU qPaHUY3CKOH npuonopHOH

lltH3HH pacnpOCTpaHMHCb B XVII-XVIII DB lepe3 Dce HatWOHllJIhshy

Hble rpallliUbi IIHlIIb B XIX B B EBpone H AMepHKc a B XX B shy

B A3HH H AqpllKe HapOAbI CTaJIH OTO~CCrnnRTb ccon C HaUlUJMH

LtHBHnH3auHH - C HaUlIoHanbHoii UlIBWIH3alUleii CBOIO gtKH3Hb H BbIshy

JKHBalllie - C lKH3HbIO H BbIlKHB8IllieM HalUlH C 3Toro DpeMeHH Hashy

UltOHaJlH3M CTaJI oOMHlllipOBaTh B qyncrnax H OUClIKax Macc H B TO

2e BpeMJI CTaJI CllylKHTh onpaBnalllieM BnaCTIl rocyoapCTBa nergshy

THMalHeH Hcnonb30BaHIDI ero CWIbl KaK npOTIlB cOOCTDeHHlgtlX rpdshy

naH TaK H npomB opyrux CTpaH llpeaHue eapeu u 2peKu HeCMOTpR Ha ero CODpeMCHHbIH xapateshy

rep HeKOTopble OCHOBHble np1l3HaKH HaUlIOHanH3Ma npOJlBHJDfCb

BeCbMa naBHO KOpHU HalHOHaJDf3Ma npopocnH H3 TOH )Ke nOlBbI

llIO H caMa 3anagHaR LtHBHJDf3alHR - OT opeDHHX eBpeeB H opeBshy

HHX rpeKOB Ooa Haporra HMenH lemo BblpalKCHHOe C03Halllie CBoeshy

10 OTJDflHR OT opyrux HapooOB eBpell OT llHOBepueB (roUM)

rpeKH - OT BapBapOB HOCUTenu HX rpynnoBoro C03HaHHR OblJDf He

KOpOJIH H oyxOBeHCTBO a Hapoo KaK uenoe - K3)KJbIH eBpeH

H K3)KJbIH rpeK Y opyrux HapooOB aHTHlHOrO MHpa TonbKO npaBgo

reno H HMnepHH ocraBHnH Clleo B HCTOpHH Y eBpeeB H rpeKOB

HaUHOHaTIIgtHbIH xapaKTep H TBOplIeCKan JHepnm oyxa OOHapy-

2HUH npOlJHOCTb H npooonlKHTMblIOCTbmiddot I1MeHHo nOTOMY qTO rut KYJD)TYPHaR rpagHlUUl OKa3anaCb CHnbHee paCOBOH nonHTHleCKOH

H reorpaqHleCKOH 3TH HapOAbI npooOnlK3lOT lKHTb H ceroAWI 11M He 6bma H3Becma HoeR HatWOHaJIbHOrO rocynapCTBa HO Ollli o6JIashy

oanu CHJlbHblM C03HaHHeM CBoeH KynbTYpHOii MUCCHH

OT eBpeeB 6epYT HalanO TpH B3)KHblX qepThI COBpeMeHHOro

HaUH0HaJIH3Ma HAeR H30paHHocrn Hapona ynop Ha oomyro naMRTb

o npOl11nOM H 1I8oe)KJbl ua oyoymee H HaKOHeu HaUlIOH8JIbHOe Mecshy

CHaHCTBO Y HCTOKOB eDpeHCKOH HCTOPHH Haxo~TcR3aBeT 3aKJIlOshy

lleHHbIH Me~y BorOM HEro HapooOM HalHHaR C 3noXH npopoKoB

espeH paccMarpunano BCIO llCTOPHIO KaK egHHbIH npouecc KaK

HenpepbIBHyro JIlfHHlO lloyuIyIO OT HCTOKa K OJHOH ueJIH npHleM

espeRM yroToBaHa B 3TOM npouecce oc06an OTJIHtIHall ueHTpaJIbshy

HaJl ponb B uapcTBe BOlKHeM opaMa Bce06meii HCTOPHH oOnlKHa

HaHm CBoe cYAb60uocHoe 3aBepl11elllie a HAell 3aBeTa - CBoe HCo

nonHeHlfe MCCCU8HCTDO CTano qHJIOcoqHeH HCTOPHH KOTopaR

OnpaBrJbIBaeT B rna3ax CTpaoaromero leJIOBeKa nyru fOCnOgHH

Ho He TonbKO yrneTemIble HapOrJb1 Haxoowm y6elKHIUe B Haoe)KJe

Ha CBoe MeCCHaUCTBO OHO CTaJIO CHMBOJIOM HaUlIOHaJIbHOii ropoocshy

TH H HepeJKO 06pamaJIOCb B onaClIble npeTeH3HH Ha BenHlHe H Bceshy

CHnbHOCTb OHO nODeno T8K)Ke K OOPboe epeTHleCKUX ceKT H yrHeshy

TeHHblx KnaCCOB 3a ocymeCTBneHHe HX lanHHH H ycrpeMJIeHHH a

B KaleCTBe CBeTCKOH HACH HCTopHlIeCKoro npouecca MeCCHaHCTBO

H no ceH oeHb COXpaHlIeT nelITO OT peJIHrH03HOH crpaCTHocrn

fPCKH paJoennnH C eDpMMH qYSCTBO KYJIbrypHoro H oyxOBmiddot

Horo npeBocxooCTBa Hao opyrHMH Hap01JaMH H BblPalKanH 3TOlYSCTshy

BO BeCbMa OTKpOBeHHO B oonOJIHelllie K 3TOMY rpeKH pa3BHJIH

konuenUlIIO npenaHHOCTH nOJIHTHleCKOH 06LUHHe B HX Cllyqae shy

ropooy-rocyoapCTBY nOJIncy Ka)KJbIH rp~anHH oOnlKeH 6bm

nOJIHOCTblO OTO)JoeCTBHTb ce611 C lltH3HbIO nonuC8 CTaTh HaCKB03b

nOffiiTH3HpOSaHHbIM CnapTa B opeBHeH fpeuuu H IInaToH B Pecshy

ny6nHKC nOCTYJIHPOBaJIH a6coJIIOTHbIii npHopHTeT rocynapCTsa

nepeo JIHlIHOCTbIO uoeaJIH3HpOBaJIH 3aKpblTOe aBTopHTapHoe rocyshy

AaPCTDO OJHaKO K KOlmy IV B bull 00 H 3 MelITa AneKCaHApa MaKeshy

1l0JICKOrO 0 MHPOBOH HMnepUH HerpeqeCKOH no npOHCXO)KJeHHIO

cnoCOOCTBOBana npe06pa30BaHHlO C03H8HH1I pe3Koro pa3JDflJeHHJl

Me~y rpeKaMH H BapBapaMH B YHHBepCaJDf3M npopbmaroLUHH 31shy

HHlIeCKHe rpallliUbI H OrJIHIIH1l YCTpeMJIeHHJl AneKCaHApa OTpa3Hshy

JmCb B yqeHHH rpelIeCKUX qHJIOCOqOB-CTOHKOB paCCMaTpHBanlllHX

kaK CBoe OTelIeCTBO BCIO OOHTaeMyIO 3eMJIIO - KOCMOnOJIHC OHH

YlWH lJT0 qenOBeK npHHaAlle)JHT He HaUlIH a lenOBeqecrny

YnuaepcarSU3M PuMCKOil UMnepuu CTOHleCKaR qunOCOCPHR

nOBJIHMa ua PHMCKyro MbICJIb nOClleAllliX nnyx BeKOB 00 H 3 shy

lIMeHHo TorO BpeMellli Koroa ropoo-rocyoapCTBO BblpOC B HMneshy

PHIO OpraHH3yIomyro BCIO 113BeCTHyro HM Torna qaCTh 3eMJIH Ha

90 91

oOK83bmanllIHMH OTcyrCTBHe KaKoro-mt60 HarmOHanbHoro lYSCTmiddot

Ba no BeCbMa HenaDlIHX nop HaUlIR He paCCMaTpHBaJIaCb H Kate

HCTOtIHHK KynbTYPHoH JKH3HH 00pa30nauHe H o6yqeHHe qOpMHpOo

BallliC MblwneHHR H xapaKTCpa qenOBeKa Ha npOTIDKeHllli nod

BceH HCTOPHH He BnHCbmaJIHCbmiddotB KaKHe-TO HaUllOUaJIbUbIe rpaHHI(bI

B TeleHHe MHOrnx BeKOB HCTOtIHltKOM Bceii KynbrypnoH H nyxosshy

HOH lltH3HH ClHTaJIaCb peJDfrHR B 3noxy B03pO~CnHR 11 n03)JJlee

OOpa30BaIllie nOBclOny B EBpone yxOJlH1l0 CBOllMH KOPHRMH B 06shy

myro rpatUIUlIIO KnaCCHleCKOH UlIBHnH33l1HH l1oeanbI pbIflapCrna

B cpegHeBeKoBoH EBpone H Tpa~UUU qPaHUY3CKOH npuonopHOH

lltH3HH pacnpOCTpaHMHCb B XVII-XVIII DB lepe3 Dce HatWOHllJIhshy

Hble rpallliUbi IIHlIIb B XIX B B EBpone H AMepHKc a B XX B shy

B A3HH H AqpllKe HapOAbI CTaJIH OTO~CCrnnRTb ccon C HaUlUJMH

LtHBHnH3auHH - C HaUlIoHanbHoii UlIBWIH3alUleii CBOIO gtKH3Hb H BbIshy

JKHBalllie - C lKH3HbIO H BbIlKHB8IllieM HalUlH C 3Toro DpeMeHH Hashy

UltOHaJlH3M CTaJI oOMHlllipOBaTh B qyncrnax H OUClIKax Macc H B TO

2e BpeMJI CTaJI CllylKHTh onpaBnalllieM BnaCTIl rocyoapCTBa nergshy

THMalHeH Hcnonb30BaHIDI ero CWIbl KaK npOTIlB cOOCTDeHHlgtlX rpdshy

naH TaK H npomB opyrux CTpaH llpeaHue eapeu u 2peKu HeCMOTpR Ha ero CODpeMCHHbIH xapateshy

rep HeKOTopble OCHOBHble np1l3HaKH HaUlIOHanH3Ma npOJlBHJDfCb

BeCbMa naBHO KOpHU HalHOHaJDf3Ma npopocnH H3 TOH )Ke nOlBbI

llIO H caMa 3anagHaR LtHBHJDf3alHR - OT opeDHHX eBpeeB H opeBshy

HHX rpeKOB Ooa Haporra HMenH lemo BblpalKCHHOe C03Halllie CBoeshy

10 OTJDflHR OT opyrux HapooOB eBpell OT llHOBepueB (roUM)

rpeKH - OT BapBapOB HOCUTenu HX rpynnoBoro C03HaHHR OblJDf He

KOpOJIH H oyxOBeHCTBO a Hapoo KaK uenoe - K3)KJbIH eBpeH

H K3)KJbIH rpeK Y opyrux HapooOB aHTHlHOrO MHpa TonbKO npaBgo

reno H HMnepHH ocraBHnH Clleo B HCTOpHH Y eBpeeB H rpeKOB

HaUHOHaTIIgtHbIH xapaKTep H TBOplIeCKan JHepnm oyxa OOHapy-

2HUH npOlJHOCTb H npooonlKHTMblIOCTbmiddot I1MeHHo nOTOMY qTO rut KYJD)TYPHaR rpagHlUUl OKa3anaCb CHnbHee paCOBOH nonHTHleCKOH

H reorpaqHleCKOH 3TH HapOAbI npooOnlK3lOT lKHTb H ceroAWI 11M He 6bma H3Becma HoeR HatWOHaJIbHOrO rocynapCTBa HO Ollli o6JIashy

oanu CHJlbHblM C03HaHHeM CBoeH KynbTYpHOii MUCCHH

OT eBpeeB 6epYT HalanO TpH B3)KHblX qepThI COBpeMeHHOro

HaUH0HaJIH3Ma HAeR H30paHHocrn Hapona ynop Ha oomyro naMRTb

o npOl11nOM H 1I8oe)KJbl ua oyoymee H HaKOHeu HaUlIOH8JIbHOe Mecshy

CHaHCTBO Y HCTOKOB eDpeHCKOH HCTOPHH Haxo~TcR3aBeT 3aKJIlOshy

lleHHbIH Me~y BorOM HEro HapooOM HalHHaR C 3noXH npopoKoB

espeH paccMarpunano BCIO llCTOPHIO KaK egHHbIH npouecc KaK

HenpepbIBHyro JIlfHHlO lloyuIyIO OT HCTOKa K OJHOH ueJIH npHleM

espeRM yroToBaHa B 3TOM npouecce oc06an OTJIHtIHall ueHTpaJIbshy

HaJl ponb B uapcTBe BOlKHeM opaMa Bce06meii HCTOPHH oOnlKHa

HaHm CBoe cYAb60uocHoe 3aBepl11elllie a HAell 3aBeTa - CBoe HCo

nonHeHlfe MCCCU8HCTDO CTano qHJIOcoqHeH HCTOPHH KOTopaR

OnpaBrJbIBaeT B rna3ax CTpaoaromero leJIOBeKa nyru fOCnOgHH

Ho He TonbKO yrneTemIble HapOrJb1 Haxoowm y6elKHIUe B Haoe)KJe

Ha CBoe MeCCHaUCTBO OHO CTaJIO CHMBOJIOM HaUlIOHaJIbHOii ropoocshy

TH H HepeJKO 06pamaJIOCb B onaClIble npeTeH3HH Ha BenHlHe H Bceshy

CHnbHOCTb OHO nODeno T8K)Ke K OOPboe epeTHleCKUX ceKT H yrHeshy

TeHHblx KnaCCOB 3a ocymeCTBneHHe HX lanHHH H ycrpeMJIeHHH a

B KaleCTBe CBeTCKOH HACH HCTopHlIeCKoro npouecca MeCCHaHCTBO

H no ceH oeHb COXpaHlIeT nelITO OT peJIHrH03HOH crpaCTHocrn

fPCKH paJoennnH C eDpMMH qYSCTBO KYJIbrypHoro H oyxOBmiddot

Horo npeBocxooCTBa Hao opyrHMH Hap01JaMH H BblPalKanH 3TOlYSCTshy

BO BeCbMa OTKpOBeHHO B oonOJIHelllie K 3TOMY rpeKH pa3BHJIH

konuenUlIIO npenaHHOCTH nOJIHTHleCKOH 06LUHHe B HX Cllyqae shy

ropooy-rocyoapCTBY nOJIncy Ka)KJbIH rp~anHH oOnlKeH 6bm

nOJIHOCTblO OTO)JoeCTBHTb ce611 C lltH3HbIO nonuC8 CTaTh HaCKB03b

nOffiiTH3HpOSaHHbIM CnapTa B opeBHeH fpeuuu H IInaToH B Pecshy

ny6nHKC nOCTYJIHPOBaJIH a6coJIIOTHbIii npHopHTeT rocynapCTsa

nepeo JIHlIHOCTbIO uoeaJIH3HpOBaJIH 3aKpblTOe aBTopHTapHoe rocyshy

AaPCTDO OJHaKO K KOlmy IV B bull 00 H 3 MelITa AneKCaHApa MaKeshy

1l0JICKOrO 0 MHPOBOH HMnepUH HerpeqeCKOH no npOHCXO)KJeHHIO

cnoCOOCTBOBana npe06pa30BaHHlO C03H8HH1I pe3Koro pa3JDflJeHHJl

Me~y rpeKaMH H BapBapaMH B YHHBepCaJDf3M npopbmaroLUHH 31shy

HHlIeCKHe rpallliUbI H OrJIHIIH1l YCTpeMJIeHHJl AneKCaHApa OTpa3Hshy

JmCb B yqeHHH rpelIeCKUX qHJIOCOqOB-CTOHKOB paCCMaTpHBanlllHX

kaK CBoe OTelIeCTBO BCIO OOHTaeMyIO 3eMJIIO - KOCMOnOJIHC OHH

YlWH lJT0 qenOBeK npHHaAlle)JHT He HaUlIH a lenOBeqecrny

YnuaepcarSU3M PuMCKOil UMnepuu CTOHleCKaR qunOCOCPHR

nOBJIHMa ua PHMCKyro MbICJIb nOClleAllliX nnyx BeKOB 00 H 3 shy

lIMeHHo TorO BpeMellli Koroa ropoo-rocyoapCTBO BblpOC B HMneshy

PHIO OpraHH3yIomyro BCIO 113BeCTHyro HM Torna qaCTh 3eMJIH Ha

90 91

c

OCIlOBe 06mero 3aKOHU H 06meH IIHDHJUI3alUlH YmlBCpCaJIH3M HMshy

neplm yxOIJHBIllHH KOPHSiMH B JJIJIHIDICTHlICCKYIO IJIlBIUIH3alUUO HO

CB060AHhIH OT BCTBa HCKJUOIJHTeJIbllOCTH rpCICCKOrO rOCYAapcTshy

Ba nOAfOTOBHJI noIBY lUISi paCnpOCTpUIICHHSi YUlIBCPCaJIHCTCKOrO

XpHCTHaHCTBa YXOllllBIllerO KOpHSiMH B HYAaH3M 110 cBo60[Uoro

OT qynCTBa muruecKoH HCKJIlOIJUTeJIhHOCTH l-bPUlIJISI TI03AHee

PHMCKaR HMnepHJI UeHTp KOTOpoii nCpCMeCTlmClI B KOIICTaIlTHHO

nOJIh H XPHCTHaHCKaSi uepKOBh cnHJIHCb BOCAlUIO nOo HX CODMeCTshy

HhIM BJIHJIHHeM 1llSi nOJUtTHtlCCKOrO H KYJIbTypllOrO MbllllJIeHWl

Cperumx BeKOBCTaJIO XapaKTepHhlM y6C)KJlCIDle IJTO IJCJIOBCIJeCTBO

ellltHO H OHO oOJIiltHO CclgtopMHpOnaTb emUtylo 06nutHY BnJIoTh lJ0

HOBorO BpeMeHH pCJIHrHJI C ee Ylluclgt1I1J11pYIOmUM n03lJciicTBlIeM HI MbIlllJIelllle 06meCTBeHHY1O )KI13Hh H nOBCoCIIHC rocnOoCTBOBaJIa B

qaCTlloii H 06mCCTBeHHOH )fOl3HH II XpHCTUallCKHX n MYCYJIbMaHCKHX

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92

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95

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96

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97

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(1809-1872 rr) a caMblM KpynHblM HccnenOBaTeneM - ByK Kashy

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yHHaTcKYIO uepKoBb fioD ee BnilllHHCM CaMYlUl KnJlHH (1745shy

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KHH nyx H3 TpaHClUlbBaHHH B BaJlaxHIO B pC3YnbTaTC HOBblH lIaUHO-

HanbHblH nyx npeODonen rpeqeCKOe BnHillme H C 1822 r B KaqeCTshy

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npe06pa30BaHHIO DpeBHero MHorOHaUHOllanbHoro KoponcncTBa B

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neHrcpcKoro CeltMa ocpHUHanbHhlM 1I3blKOM CTan BeHrepcKHH H Hashy

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cep60B H PYMblH 3HaqHTCnbHblH nporpccc npoH30UIen B pa3BHTHH

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lllHe noD PYKOBODCTBOM JIaHollla KOlllyra (1802-1894 rr) peDaKshy

mpoBaBlllcro nporpeccHBHylO ra3eTY IIClllTH XHpnan Tpe60BanH

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)f(e KpHTepHH K DpyrHMHap0DaM B 3TOM CMblcne OCB060)f(DeHHe

BCHrpOB 03HaqanO yrHcTeHHe HeBeHrCpCKHX HapODOB B Tex TCPshy

pHTopHanbllblX npCDenax KOTopble BeHrpbl CqHTaJlH HCTOplftleCKHMH

rpaHHuaMH cpeDHeBeKOBoro KoponCBCTBa BeHrpHH Ho He TonbKO

B BCHrpHH npOH30lllnO CTonKHOBCHHe HauHOHanHCTlftIeCKHX qaflHHH

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peBonlOlllfH 1848 r B UeHTpanbHoH EBpone

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B EcpnHHe H B Bellc B IIpare H B EYDanclllTe B MHJlaHe H B BCHeshy

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npHBeTCTBOnaJlH KaK npODOn)f(eHHe 1789 r IIpoB03mallleHHe pecshy

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rapMOHHH H 6paTCTBa a Bpa)f(Dbl H HaClUlHJl BCKOPC HOBhlH HaUHOshy

128 129

HapODa ODHaKO HMeHHO B TpaHCIUlbBalllm nalanOCb HaUIfOllaJlbHOC

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yHHaTcKYIO uepKoBb fioD ee BnilllHHCM CaMYlUl KnJlHH (1745shy

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HanbHblH nyx npeODonen rpeqeCKOe BnHillme H C 1822 r B KaqeCTshy

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rDe BO JIbBOBCKOM YHHBepCHTeTe 6bma C03DaHa KacpcDpa YKpaHHcshy

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qaTaHilll Ha yKpaHHcKoM 1I3b1Ke

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paHlftIeHa 06naCTbIO KynbTYPbl MaDbflpbl BCHrpHH 06paTlUlHcb K

npe06pa30BaHHIO DpeBHero MHorOHaUHOllanbHoro KoponcncTBa B

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JIHHrBHCTHqeCKOrO XapaKTepa 0CPHUHaJlbHbIM fl3blKOM KoponcBCTBa

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neHrcpcKoro CeltMa ocpHUHanbHhlM 1I3blKOM CTan BeHrepcKHH H Hashy

qanCfl npouccc MaDbflpH3aUHH ynpaBneHHfl XOTlI 3TO Bbl3BaJlO myshy

6oKoe HCDOBOnbCTBO Dpyrmi lIapOD1I0CTCH - cnonaKoB xopBaToB

cep60B H PYMblH 3HaqHTCnbHblH nporpccc npoH30UIen B pa3BHTHH

BeHrCpCKOlt nHTepaTypbl MaDbflpCKHe lIaUHOHaJlHCTbl BbICTynHBshy

lllHe noD PYKOBODCTBOM JIaHollla KOlllyra (1802-1894 rr) peDaKshy

mpoBaBlllcro nporpeccHBHylO ra3eTY IIClllTH XHpnan Tpe60BanH

KOHCTHTYUHOHHblX pecpopM BBeDeHHlI nH6epanbHoro 3aKOHODashy

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Mafl BnpOqeM BO BHHMaHHe TaKHX )f(e Tpe60BaHHH HaUHOHaJlHCTOB

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npHBeTCTBOnaJlH KaK npODOn)f(eHHe 1789 r IIpoB03mallleHHe pecshy

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rapMOHHH H 6paTCTBa a Bpa)f(Dbl H HaClUlHJl BCKOPC HOBhlH HaUHOshy

128 129

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or BHcrnHero MHpa cB060JaM BHyrPH CTpaHbl HH OJHO nOBoe Hashy

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B cepeJHHe XIX B HaUHOHaJIH3M CMeHIiJI JIH6cpaJIbHblH rYMaHH3M

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TM - Ha npHHlllill HaUHOHaJIbHOH MOutH npHHlum OrpaHHtfCHHl BJIacmiddot

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132

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fyMaHH3Ma

25-26 1989 r

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