Land Access

Indira Kranthi Patham, SERPDepartment of RD, Govt of AP

Land Access

Why Land work in a poverty reduction program?

• Land issues place huge economic and psychological burden on the poor

• 60% of them hold land most of which is having some land issue

• Dalits and Tribals, most vulnerable in terms of land ownership, unable to access existing revenue system

• Secured land title and secured possession become very important for the rural poor to tap different sources of investment to increase the productivity and thereby incomes

• CBO network of IKP provides level playing field to make them as competent as others in fighting for their land issues resolution

Land Access

Govt. Lands assigned to SCs & STs

  Total Extent SC Ext ST Ext SC/ST Total Ext

2002 2398053 4321376.37 571127 979315.9 667869 1183274 1238996 2162589.9

1st Phase112290

155217.47 36182 50000 25360 35000 61542 85000

2nd phase 128943 170423.04 39100 51126 29572 39197 68672 90323

3rd Phase 37459 73287.09 10767 22998.5 8979 20838.64 19746 43837.14

4th Phase 55882 82759.03 12731 17208.81 10008 16812.43 22739 34021.24

5th Phase 57673 85382.98 13007 16463.28 10820 19638.03 23827 36101.31

  2790300 4888445.98 682914 1137113 752608 1314760 1435522 2451872.59

Land Access

Govt. Land assigned to STs

  TotalExtent (in

acres) STExt (in acres)

2002 2398053 4321376.37 667869 1183274

1st Phase 112290 155217.47 25360 35000

2nd phase 128943 170423.04 29572 39197

3rd Phase 37459 73287.09 8979 20838.64

4th Phase 55882 82759.03 10008 16812.43

5th Phase 57673 85382.98 10820 19638.03

  27,90,30048,88,445.9

8 7,52,608 13,14,760

Land Access

Land Programs of IKP

Program Strategy

Land Purchase Facilitate landless poor to become owners of productive lands

Land Access Secure land rights to the poor through a multi pronged approach by putting in place support mechanism

Land Access

Programs at a Glance

Program Period Status

Land Purchase 2004-09 5303 land less women became land owners

Land AccessPhase I

2007-10 Land issues of 4.30 lakh poor got resolved

Land Access Phase II

2010-12 Land Issues of 15 lakh SC/STs identified afresh

7

• Deputy Collectors from Revenue Department were taken as APDs in IKP to assist the Village Organizations in implementing Land Purchase program

• Govt. issued a Government Order for convergence between IKP and Revenue Department for resolution of land issues

• Initially started with Land Purchase activity

How we started?

8

Objective

• Facilitate landless poor to become owners of productive lands

Land Purchase

9

• VOs and interested landless poor identified lands, negotiated with land-owners

• District Purchase Committee under Joint Collector helped them in finalization of land prices and registration of lands

• Only those irrigated lands which yielded immediate incomes were purchased

• Lands registered in the name of women

• 5303 landless SHG women purchased 4539.24 acres investing 29.37 crore (Rs.66425/member)

• 90% are SC/STs (53% SCs and 37% STs)

Land Purchase

10

Land Purchase (2004-09)

YearLand

(in acres)Exp.

(in lakhs)Beneficiaries

SC ST BC Others Total

2004-05 639.11 219.13 163 514 43 4 724

2005-06 1924.59 1181.31 1129 845 17

3101 2248

2006-07 1335.12 947.37 803 501 15

322 1479

2007-08

506.40 441.08 567 87 17 5 676

2008-09

134.02 148.36 137 32 7 0 176

Total 4539.24 2937.45 2799 1979 393

132 5303

11

Land Purchase (2004-09)

Total Investment from CIF

29.37 crore

Landless women benefited

5303

No. of acres purchased 4539.24

PoP Coverage 90%53% SCs37% STs

No. of villages 190

No. of mandals 128

12

Land Purchase (2004-09)

Total Investment per family Rs. 55,420

Net Incomes earned in last 4 years per family

Rs.60,000

Cumulative investments Rs.29.37 crore

Cumulative incomes Rs.31.80 crore

Add on: Increased asset value 3-4 times

13

Land Access

Objective• Enabling CBOs to secure enhanced access to

land in terms of secured land title and possession

• Establishing support systems for resolving and disposing of the land disputes of the poor

• Linking lands of the poor with programs of development and facilitate land leasing

• Creation of awareness about land rights in community through land facilitators

14

Land Access

Strategy• Convergence with Dept of Revenue

and Survey • Partnership with Civil Society

Organizations for capacity building• Partnership with Law Colleges for

using services of law students in tribal areas

• Creation of awareness about land rights in community through land facilitators

15

• The idea of land facilitators for CBOs piloted in Kadapa district and tribal areas

• Community Land Facilitators were positioned in Mandal Samakhyas and were trained on land matters

• Land issues pending in the courts of Tahsildars/ Revenue Divisional Officers were listed out, physical verification made and reports submitted to Revenue officers

• Tahsildars and RDOs conducted village courts and settled disputes

Land Access- Initial Phase

16

• Pilots established need for having exclusive land facilitators to support the poor

• Program scaled up in 2006-07 to 367 mandals in the State

• Graduate youth from community, were selected by Mandal Samakhyas as Paralegals

• Technically qualified youth were screened and selected by Zilla Samakhyas as Community Surveyors

• Retired revenue officers positioned as Land Managers for better liaisoning

Land Access- Initial Phase

Legal Coordinato

r

Land Manager

Retired Revenue Officer

Fresh Law Graduate

District Land

Center

Community Surveyors

Paralegals

Graduates trained in land laws

Technically qualified youth trained in survey

Zilla Samakhya

Mandal Samakhya

Structure in DRDAs

Status

District Land Centers 22

Legal Coordinators 29

Land Managers 19

Paralegals 379

Community Surveyors 473

Status in tribal areas

Sl. ITDA Legal Coordinators

Land Managers

Mandal anchors

1 Seethampet 1 0 9

2 Parvathipuram 1 1 8

3 Paderu 1 0 18

4 RC Varam 1 0 11

5 Utnoor 1 0 33

6 Eturunagaram 1 1 5

7 Bhadrachalam 1 0 16

7 2 100

Trainings of Land facilitators

Legal Coordinators and Land Managers trained by NALSAR and APARD

Paralegals recruited and trained

• 3 phases of training in the district, at AMR-APARD and NALSAR University of Law

• NALSAR conducted Paralegal Certification Course

Community Surveyors trained and positioned

• 2 months training in AP Survey Training Academy

• 12 months apprenticeship with departmental mandal surveyors

• Department of Survey issued licenses to 415 Community Surveyors free of cost

Bhoomi Chaitanya Deepikalu- handbooks on land issues

Bhoomi Chaithanya Deepika-1:

Assignment in Andhra AreaBhoomi Chaithanya Deepika-2:

Assignment in Telangana Area

Bhoomi Chaithanya Deepika-4: Ceiling Surplus Lands

Bhoomi Chaithanya Deepika-5: Record of Rights

Bhoomi Chaithanya Deepika-6: Inam Lands (Telangana Area)

Bhoomi Chaithanya Deepika-7: Sada Bainamas

Bhoomi Chaithanya Deepika-8: Survey Process

22

No. of PoorExtent

(in acres)

Issues identified 6,16,322 11,85,552

Issues got resolved 4,30,255 8,75,502

%Resolved 69.8% 73.8%

64% are SCs and STs

Land Access- Status

23

Land Access- Status

CategoryIssues resolved

No.Extent (in

acres)SCs

Extent (in acres)

STsExtent (in

acres)2 14 15 6 7 8 9

Assignment 132119 187325 64576 83795 22273 36668Ceiling Surplus Lands

5291 6483 3264 3621 660 1112

Patta Lands 31769 49626 13047 18024 1981 3354Inam Lands 2339 2385 1674 1540 33 44Sada Bainamas

2894 4770 1000 1273 342 854

Forest Rights 52526 488492 442 617 52030 487826Record of Rights

48495 77577 19294 26588 9705 23231

Housesites 112037 3425 45660 1495 8841 369Tribal Lands 1037 1948 312 14 616 1930Survey Specific

27557 32235 10468 9498 3648 6498

Court Cases 92 338 57 104 12 130Others 14099 20877 5504 8158 1716 1546  430255 875481 165298 154727 101857 563560

Land Access – No. of poor Identified with land issues

Assign ment36%

House sites19%

Record of Rights

12%

Forest Rights11%

Patta Lands

8%

Survey Specific

5%

Others9%

25

RoFR Progress

18-Apr-12

Identified Issues

Issues Resolved Till May - 2010

Total Balance

NumberExtent

(in acres)

NumberExtent

(in acres)

NumberExtent

(in acres)

95,7756,49,23

058,774

5,14,609

37,0261,34,64

7

Land Access – Per member cost

2005-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

799

415 314 278 284 294

2901

727 560 423 410 421

Per member cost of issue identification

Per member cost of issue resolving

27

Land Access- Second Phase: Sharper focus on Dalits’ and Tribals’ lands

• Comprehensive physical verification and listing of all lands of SCs/STs is undertaken in partnership with MGNREGA

to map the lands of the SCs/STs and to facilitate them to have secured title and possession

to facilitate the land development under MGNREGS and other programmes

Land Inventory Process

All SC/ST households in the village are listed out

Door to door survey conducted for obtaining information about their landholdings

Important records (Pahani/ Adangal/ RoR 1B/ Village Maps) are obtained from Tahsildar’s office

Landowning SC/ST households are marked in Pahani/Adangal

Physical verification of lands is done to see who is in actual enjoyment of the lands

The data is discussed in the meeting of Village Organization

29

Inventory Data

No. of Districts 22

No. of Mandals 956

No. of Revenue Villages 22,833Total SC/ST Households mapped 30,70,700

30

Inventory Findings

Landownership• Out of 30.7 lakh SC/STs, 17,93 lakh hold 40.4

lakh acres of land• Average landholding is 2.3 acres

Landlessness• 12.77 lakh SC/STs are landless (42%)• 5.1 lakh SC/STs are near-landless, holding less

than one acre of dry land

Women and Land• 2.25 lakh SC/ST women are title holders out of

14.17 lakh Pattadars (computerized)

31

Inventory Data: Land Development

18.39 lakh works on 30.14 lakh acres are identified with investment of Rs. 8,871 crore

Works completed on 53,959 acres with expenditure of Rs. 661 crore

Irrigation facilities to 10 lakh acres under Indira Jala Prabha

32

Inventory Data: Land Issues

24 Lakh issues of 14 lakh SC/STs involving 23.69 lakh acres identified afresh

average number of issues per village

Issues Petitioners Extent107 63 113

average number of issues per mandal

Issues Petitioners Extent2510 1464 2478

Land Issues- Records not matching

More than 70% issues pertain to implementation in revenue records, succession, mutation etc.

Resolving the simple Revenue Record issues can be done with minimal effort and disturbance

Pattadar's Name

Survey Number

Extent

Khata Number

Pahani/ Adangal

RoR 1 B

Pattadar Pass Book

Physical enjoyment

Differently recorded in different records

Land Inventory in ITDAs

TPMU

Total Mandals

Total RVs

Total persons involved

Total Land issues

Total extent

Bhadrachalam 17 307 41830 59,982 82429.34

Eturunagaram 3 54 3990 12,042 14531.04

KR Puram 3 91 7469 9602 15350.94Paderu 11 844 32799 65,198 79688.03

Parvathipuram 8 474 13982 24,180 36502.46

Rampachodavaram 7 419 27774 49,674 71503.78

Seethampeta 6 264 30547 52,505 28419.97

Utnoor 20 449 31965 41,290 108955.83Total 75 2,902 1,90,356 3,14,473 4,37,381

Land Inventory in ITDAs

TPMU

Total Mandal

TOTAL HH Total ST

% Land less

Average Landholding

Bhadrachalam 17 82027 65171 17% 2.55Eturnagaram 3 14000 9059 8% 1.84KR Puram 3 16428 12459 32% 2.32Paderu 11 99092 98455 14% 2.23

Parvatipuram 8 46974 35914 28% 1.62

RC varam 6 36958 35740 17% 2.01

Seethampeta 7 34216 22852 14% 1.32Utnoor 20 67856 47941 14% 3.23

Total 7539755

1 327591 17% 2.21

Land ownership pattern

TOTAL % ST (Overall)

Total households 3182240 100.0% 971947 (31%)

Total Households having no land 1260887 39.6% 26.9%

Households with Land Having less than 1 acre 615928 19.4% 16.1%

Households with Land holding of 1 to 2.5 Acres 511471 16.1% 17.1%

Households with Land holding of 2.5 to 5 Acres 175240 5.5% 7.9%

Households with Land more than 5 Acres 39368 1.2% 2.3%

Land ownership pattern

TOTAL % ST (Overall)

Total households 3182240 100.0% 971947 (31%)

Total Households having no land 1260887 39.6% 26.9%

Households with Land Having less than 1 acre 615928 19.4% 16.1%

Households with Land holding of 1 to 2.5 Acres 511471 16.1% 17.1%

Households with Land holding of 2.5 to 5 Acres 175240 5.5% 7.9%

Households with Land more than 5 Acres 39368 1.2% 2.3%

Land owned by STs

Other lands2% Govt Lands

2%

Forest Lands

5%Assigned Lands20%

Patta Lands71%

 DRY 91%

 WET 8%

 ID 1%

Follow up of Issues

• Issues culled out from Inventory

• Required material/evidence etc. is collected by Paralegals

• Field enquiry is done to get the facts of the case

• Community Surveyors attend to survey wherever required

• Representation submitted to revenue officers by IKP staff and CBOs

• Issues followed up till resolution

LTR Cases

Number Extent

Total Land Alienation Cases booked

72,354 3, 23,887 acres

Cases decided 70,676 3,16,942 acres

Cases decided against tribals

33,484 1,63,598 acres

As per field feedback, these do not reflect the actual land alienations happening in Scheduled Areas

51.6% of land has gone to the non-tribals

Proposed Initiatives in tribal areas

• Tribal CRP Strategy for creating awareness– CRPs will train the tribal community in the

villages in land matters – VOs will maintain land ownership and

transfer register– VOs will maintain land issues follow up

register• Facilitation of filing of LTR cases– Scrutiny of cases gone against the tribals

by law students and filing appeals in POs’ courts

– Law Students to work on the LTR cases• Land Records to be made public

“I got Justice after 37 years of struggle…”

• Kumra Mankubai, a tribal woman from Adilabad district gets back her land from non-tribal

• Her father Todsam Gangu owned 18 acres of land and mortgaged it to a non-tribal money-lender for a small loan in 1969 for 3 years…

• The non-tribal refused to give the land back…booked criminal cases against him…

• A long legal battle ensued

• Gangu got orders in his favor from LTR courts and the Govt.…High Court quashed earlier orders… He passed away… All hopes of getting the land back lost…

• Mankubai became the President of Jainoor Mandal Samakhya in 2003 and accessed IKP’s land legal assistance

• Paralegals verified records, found that the land was govt. land assigned to her father

• Pursued with PO, ITDA and Tahsildar. Tahsildar passed ejectment order against non-tribal and handed over the land back to her

• Mankubai has 4 brothers, who never dreamt of getting the land back. They gave her major share, she got 10 out of 18 acres

• She got back not only the land worth Rs.30 Lakh… but also her faith in the system…

“We got Patta after 40 years…”

• Dinnaepadu Chinnammi, Chukka Nagamma and 87 others, most of them SCs belonging to Bestapally Harijanawada, Dinnaepadu village in Kadapa district cultivated 166 acres of Government Land since 40 years…

• Requested Revenue authorities for issuance of pattas, pattas were not given

• Discussed in VO meeting, Land was surveyed by the Community Surveyors

• The issue was pursued with Tahsildar. Records were verified.

• Finally all 89 of them got pattas over 166 acres of land

Thank You