il duce mussolini rise to power. italy during the 1920s & 1930s
TRANSCRIPT
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Il DuceMussolini Rise to Power
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Italy during the 1920s & 1930s
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What was Italy like during the 1920s & 1930s?
o Democracies had been weakened by WWI and Great Depression
o Many workers are crippled by WWI or unemployed
o Italy feels cheated by Versailles Treaty
o Many businessmen are worried about the communists seizing power
o Led by a King-Victor Emmanuel III
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Who was Benito Mussolini?o Son of a Communist
blacksmith and a school teacher
o Named after Mexican Revolutionary
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Continued…o Communist Newspaper editor
o WWI veteran (wounded himself with a hand grenade)
o(against war 1911, then pro-Allies in WWI)
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How does he become Il Duce (“the Leader”)?
o Politician who founded the Fascist Party in 1919
o What is Fascism?
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What is Fascism?oFascism:
oPolitical PartyoAdvocates totalitarianismoExtreme Nationalism
oThe State is more important than the individual like Communism
-but doesn’t call for state ownership of property
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Slogans:
o “Believe, Obey, Fight”
o “The Country Is Nothing Without Conquest”
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What changes did Mussolini promise?:He promised :
1. To revive the economy and rebuild the Armed Forces
2. Anti-communist
3. Anti-democracy
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o Industrialist picked him as the lesser of two evils
o Monarch or Fascist?
o Created the “Black Shirts” (Fascist Thugs) o Mussolini’s private army (thousands)
o beat & sometimes killed communists and political rivals.
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How does he seize power?o 1922-
o 30,000 to 40,000 Fascists march from Milan to Rome and demanded that Mussolini be named Prime Minister of Italy.
o The King of Italy was worried that the Fascist would start a civil war so he agreedo Mussolini therefore took power
“legally.”
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FascistsFa
scist
s
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What did Mussolini do while in power?o Wanted to rebuild Italy into the Roman Empire
o Outlawed strikes
o Censored the press
o Allied with industrialists and large land owners
o Built a strong military
o Started public works project to help during the Depression
o Secret police jailed opposition leaders
(Summarize 2 or 3 of these facts in your notes)
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Il Duce (1922 to 1945)
o 1st of the three great dictators of Europe to come to power
oBut Mussolini never had absolute and total control over his nation like Stalin or Hitler.