ildm kerala- nlrmp revenue notes

Training Course

Study notes

INSTITUTTE OF LAND & DISASTER MANAGEMENTP.T.P. NAGAR, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM

PHONE: 0471-2365559e-mail: [email protected]

tZiob `qtcJ B[p-\nIhÂ¡-cW ]cn-]mSn

NATIONAL LAND RECORDSMODERNISATION PROGRAMME

NLRMP

tZiob `qtcJ B[p-\nIhÂ¡-cW ]cn-]mSn

{Ia-\-¼À A²ymbw t]Pv

1 s]m¶pw-hne \S-]-Sn-IÄ 3

2 emâv dh\yq \nb-a-§-fnse

(1894 se FÂ.-G.-BIväv Hgn-sI)

kÀsÆ kw_-Ôn-bmb hIp- p-IÄ 5

3 tImSXn \S-]-SnIÄ 13

4 sNbn³ kÀsÆ 16

5 Xotbm-U-sseäv kÀsÆ 25

6 tamtU¬ kÀsÆ 34

7 FÂ.-BÀ.Fw 38

8 hnhn-[-Xcw B[m-c-§Ä 41

DÅ-S¡w

Institute of Land and Disaster Management

Study material for Course on NLRMP 3

A²ymbw þ 1

s]m¶pw-hne \S-]-Sn-IÄ

1. Asse³saâv kvsI¨v:AÀ²-\m-[n-Imcn PnÃm-I-f-IvSÀ hgn Ab-bv¨p-X-cp¶ AÀ²-\-bnÂ Bh-iy-amb hnh-c-§Ä AS-§nb Asse³saâv kvsI¨v

Dtm F¶v ]cntim[n-t¡--Xm-Wv. CsÃ-¦nÂ Gsä-Sp-t¡ `qan-bpsS AXn-cp-IÄ ImWn¡p¶ Asse³saâv kvsI¨v AÀ²-\m-[n-Im-cn-tbmSv Bh-iy-s¸-tS-Xpw hnhcw PnÃm If-IvS-sdbpw AÀ²-\m-[n-Im-cn-bpsS taÂ A[n-Im-cn-tbbpw Adn-bn-t¡--Xm-Wv.

2. kwbpà ]cn-tim-[\:s]m¶pw-hne hnÚm-]\w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ap¼v \S-]-Sn-bv¡m-kv]-Z-amb `qan FÂ.-F.H bpw kwLhpw AÀ²-\m-[n-

Imcn \nÀt±-in¨ DtZym-K-Ø-\p-ambn tNÀ¶v kwbpà ]cn-tim-[\ \S-¯-Ww. Asse³saâv kvsI¨nÂ \n¶pw qan-bnÂ ImWp¶kwK-Xn-I-fnÂ Fs´-¦nepw hyXym-k-ap-s-¦nÂ AXv icn-s¸-Sp-¯nbXn-\p-tijw thWw hnÚm-]\w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡m³. {]mY-anI hnÚm-]-\-¯n-s\m¸w Xs¶ kÀsÆ hnÚm-]-\hpw ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. GsX-¦nepw kÀsÆ-\-¼-cp-IÄ hn«p-t]m-Ip-¶-Xp-aqew Xncp-¯Â hnÚm-]\w \ÂIp-¶Xv Hgp-hm-¡m-\mbn B {][m\kÀsÆ \¼À apgp-h-\mtbm AsÃ-¦nÂAsse³saânÂ tNÀ¶v ht¶¡mw F¶v kwi-bn-¡p¶ GsX-¦nepw kÀsÆ \¼cpw IqSn tNÀ¯v {]mY-anI hnÚm-]\w \ÂIp-¶-XnÂ kmt¦-Xn-I-ambn sXän-Ã. F¶mÂ kwbpà ]cn-tim-[\m ka-b- p-Xs¶ kÀsÆ-bÀ AXnÂ ]s¦-Sp-¡p-Ibpw dn¡mÀUp-IÄ h¨v `qan ]cn-tim-[n¨v Bh-iy-amb kÀsÆ \¼-cp-IÄ am{Xw hnÚm-]-\-¯nÂ DÄs¸-Sp-¯p-¶-XmWv Hcp kÀsÆ-b-dpsSHutZym-KnI HuNn-Xyw.

kwbpà ]cn-tim-[-\m-th-f-bnÂ kÀsÆ-bÀ Xmsg- -d-bp¶ Imcy-§Ä {i²n-¨n-cn-¡-Ww.

1. \mfXp kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUp-IÄ {]Imcw DÅ F^v.-Fw. kvsI¨p-IÄ {]Im-c-apÅ kÀsÆ ^oÂUp-Ifpw \¼-cp-IfpwAsse³saâv kvsI¨nse tcJ-s -Sp-¯-ep-I-fp-ambn tbmPn-¡p-¶ptm ?

2. Asse³saâv IÃp-IÄ {]Imcw Gsä-Sp-t¡ FÃm kÀsÆ \¼-cp-Ifpw k_v \¼-cp-Ifpw dnIzn-kn-j-\nÂ hyà-ambntNÀ¯n-«ptm ?

3. ]n¶oSv FÂ.F kÀsÆ \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb FÃm hnh-c-§fpw AÀ°-\m-[n-Imcn e`y-am-¡n-bn-«ptm?

Cu ]cn-tim-[-\-bnÂ _Ô-s¸« hntÃPv -AknÌâv, hmeyp.- AknÌâv, kÀsÆ-bÀ, Xl-knÂZmÀ F¶n-hsc IqSmsX HcpsNbn³am\pw lmP-cp-m-I-Ww. Asse³saân\-I-¯pÅ Na-b-§-fpsS Hcp ]«nI X¿m-dm-¡n-s¡m-Åm-\pÅ hn.A bpw (CuL«w apXÂ Xs¶ `qhp-S-a-bp-sSbpw XÂ]-c-I-£n-I-fp-sSbpw kl-I-cWw t\Sm³ FÂ.G bqWn-änse FÃm-hcpw) {i²n-¨p-sIm-Å-Ww,{]mY-anI hnÚm-]\w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn Øe-¯p-\n¶pw \ne-hnÂ `qan \ne-tam, ]pc-bn-Stam tXm«-tam, dn¡mÀUp-IÄ{]-Imcw F´v F¶o hnh-c-§fpw tiJ-cn-¡-Ww.

4(1) hnÚm-]\wFÂ.F BIvänse 4(1) hIp¸p hnÚm-]-\hpw kÀsÆ BIvänse 6-þmw hIp¸p ]c-kyhpw shtÆ-sd-bm-sW-¦nepw H¶n-¨p-

Xs¶ ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. kÀsÆ ]c-ky-¯nse ]«n-I-bnÂ s]m¶pw-hne dokÀsÆ-s¡-Sp-¡p¶ qan-I-fpsS kÀsÆ \¼Àam{Xw ImWn-¨mÂ aXn-bmIpw F¶mÂ 4(1) hnÚm-]-\-¯nÂ Hmtcm kÀsÆ/k_v Unhn-j³ \¼-cn-sâbpw IqsS Gsä-Sp-¡m-\p-t±-in-¡p-¶ hnkvXoÀ®w IqSn ImWn¨ncn-¡-Ww. GsX-¦nepw kÀsÆ \¼À/k_v \¼À hn«p-t]m-bn-F¶p kÀsÆ ka-b¯pIs-¯n-bmÂ B \¼-cn-s\bpw hnkvXoÀ®-s¯bpw kw_-Ôn¨ s]m¶p-hne \S-]Sn Bcw`n-¡-W-sa-¦nÂ AXn-\mbn {]tXyIwhnÚm-]-\hpw kÀsÆ ]c-kyhpw ]pXp-Xmbn sNt¿-n-hcpw F-¶-Xn-\mÂ kwbpà ]cn-tim-[\m ka-b-¯p-Xs¶ C¡mcywth{X {i²n-¨p-sIm-Å-Ww.



kÀsÆ-¡p-ap-¼pÅ dn¡mÀUp-ti-J-cWwCu tPmen kwbpà ]cn-tim-[-\¡p ap¼p-Xs¶ ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡p-¶Xp Bh-iy-am-Wv. _n.-Sn.-BÀ, X-t¸-cp-]-IÀ¸v, F^v.-

Fw. kvsI¨p-IÄ \nÀ±njvS `qan-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v ]pd-t¼m¡v cPn-Ì-dp-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¨-Xnsâ dnt¸mÀ«v, qan-]-Xnhv/ap³ s]m¶pw-hne \S-]Sn hnh-cw(-D-s-¦nÂ), Sn `qan kw_-Ôn¨v tImS-Xn-t¡-kp-IÄ, an¨-`qan tIkp-IÄ/Pmayw, ]Wbw apX-em-bh DtmF¶pw t\m¡-Ww. F¶p-hsc/Bcv `q\n-IpXn HSp-¡n-bn-«pv F¶pw ]cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww.

s]m¶pw-hne kÀsÆ \S-]Sn

Hcp `qan-bnÂ kÀsÆ \S-]-Sn-¡mbn {]th-in-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ap¼v _Ô-s¸-«-hÀ¡v N«-{]-Im-c-apÅ t\m«okv \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡-Ww. s]m¶pw-hne \S-]-Sn-bnÂ \n¶pw Hgn-hm-¡-W-sa¶ `qhp-SabpsS At]-£tbm AÀ°-\m-[n-Im-cn-bpsS D]tZitam FÂ.FkÀsÆ-bÀ t\cn«v ]cn-K-Wn-t¡--Xn-Ã. A¯cw kwK-Xn-I-fnÂ PnÃm IfIvSsd tcJm-aqew kao-]n-¡m³ D]-tZ-in-¡p-I-bmWv DNn-Xw. FÂ.F k_v Unhn-j³ tcJ-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-t¼mÄ AXnÂ Na-b-§sf¸än N«-{]-Im-c-apÅ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-ep-IÄ DÄs¸-Sp-¯-Ww. \jvS-]-cn-lmcw \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw FÂ.-F.-BÀ. tIkp-I-fpsS \S-¯n-¸n\pw CXv {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Spw. k_v Unhn-j³kvsI¨p-I-fp-sSbpw 7þmw \¼À md-¯n-epÅ tÌävsaâ n-sâbpw aq¶v {]Xn X¿m-dm¡n FÂ.-F.H bpsS ]cn-K-Wbv¡v \ÂI-Ww.Hmtcm k_v Unhn-j\pw kÀsÆ-bdpw FÂ.-F.H bpw H¶n¨v ]cn-tim-[n¨v t_m[y-s -«-Xn-\p-tijw thWw FÂ.-F.H k_v Unhn-j³ A\p-h-Zn-t¡--Xv. Cu hI kwK-Xn-IÄ AwKo-I-cn v H¸v hbv¡p-t¼mÄ AhÀ FÃmhcpw t]cv, Øm\-t¸-cv, XobXn F¶nhIqSntcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

PnÃm kÀsÆ kq{]v kmt¦-XnI ]cn-tim-[\ ]qÀ¯n-bm¡n DÄs¸« FÃm kÀsÆ/k_v Unhn-j-\p-Ifpw Ah-bpsShnkvXr-Xnbpw AwKo-I-cn¨v 2 ]IÀ¸v FÂ.-F.H bv¡v aS¡n \ÂI-Ww. AtXm-sSm¸w Xsâ B^o-knse F^v.-Fw.-_n, GcnbcPn-ÌÀ F¶n-h-bnÂ th amä-§Ä hcp¯n kq£n-¡p-Ibpw thWw. A{]-Imcw s]m¶pw-hne dokÀsÆ dnt¡mÀUp-IÄ AwKo-I-cn¨v In«n-¡-gn-ªmÂ FÂ.F N«w Bdv {]Im-c-apÅ {]Jym-]-\-¯nsâ IcSv FÂ.-F.H X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

4(1) hIp- p-{]-Im-c-apÅ hnÚm-]\w kÀ¡mÀ Kk-änepw Øe¯v {]Nm-c-ap-Å cv Zn\-]-{X-§-fnepw (A-XnÂ Hs¶-¦nepw {]mtZ-inI `mj-bn-em-bn-cn-¡-Ww) {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡-Ww. IqSmsX B hnÚm-]-\-¯nsâ kmcw B {]tZ-i¯v kuI-cy-{]-Z-amb {]tZ-i¯v]c-ky-s -Sp- p-Ibpw thWw. A¯cw {]kn-²o-I-c-W- n-sâtbm ]c-ky- n-sâtbm Xob-Xn-I-fnse Ah-km-\s¯XmWv 4(1) hnÚm-]\ Xob-Xn. AXn-\p-tijw am{Xta FÂ.F DtZym-K-Ø³amÀ A¯cw kzIm-cy-`q-an-bnÂ {]th-in¨v kÀtÆ \S-]-Sn-I-fnÂ GÀs¸-Sp-¶Xv \nb-a-{]-Im-c-am-Iq. F¶n-cp-¶mepw Ggp Znhkw aps¼-¦nepw Adn-bn¸v \ÂImsX bmsXm-cmfpw GsX-¦nepw ho«n-\p-Åntem sI«n-b-S¨ A¦-W- ntem hoSn-t\mSv tNÀ¶ tXm«- ntem (D-S-a-bpsS k½-X-an-Ãm-sX) {]th-in-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã.4(1) hnÚm-]-\-Xo-b-Xn-ap-XÂ Hcp hÀj-¯n-\Iw kÀsÆ \S-]-Sn-IÄ ]qÀ¯n-bm¡n FÂ,.F {]Jym-]\w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¨n-cn-¡-Ww.CsÃ-¦nÂ AXp-hsc sNbvX \S-]-Sn-I-sfÃmw Imem-l-c-W-s -Sp-¶-Xm-Wv.-

IcSv {]Jym-]-\-¯nsâ IqsS aäv dnt¡mÀUp-I-tfm-sSm¸whkvXp-hnsâ kvsI¨vs]m¶pw-hne `qan-bpsS skänÂsaâv /AS-¦Â / emâv SmIvkv cPn-ÌÀ FIvkv{SmIvSvk_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaâvdo I¬kn-te-j³ tÌävsaâv F¶nhIqSn kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww.

kw-Øm-\-¯nsâ Bh-iy-§Ä¡pÅ FÂ.F {]Jym-]\w emâv dh\yq I½o-j-W-td-änÂ \n¶pw I¼-\n-IÄ, tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ Øm]-\-§Ä F¶n-h-bv¡p-Åh kwØm\ kÀ¡m-cnÂ \n¶p-am-Wv ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-t¡--Xv. {]Jym-]\w kÀ¡mÀ Kkänepw s]m¶pw-hn-e-bv¡m-kv]-Z-amb Øe¯v {]Nm-c-¯n-epÅ cv Zn\-]-{X-§-fnepw (A-h-bn-sem¶v {]mtZ-inI mj-bn-em-bn-cn-¡Ww) {]kn²s¸Sp-¯-Ww. IqSmsX {]Jym-]-\-¯nsâ kmcw Øes¯ {][m\ tI{µ-§-fnÂ ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw thWw.

B {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯-en-sâtbm ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯-en-sâtbm Ah-km-\-Xo-b-Xn-bmWv {]Jym-]\ Xob-Xn-bmbn ]n¶oSv ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶-Xv. {]Jym-]-\-¯nÂ s]m¶pw-hn-e-bv¡m-kv]-Z-amb `qan kw_-Ôn¨ PnÃ, Xmeq-¡v, hntÃ-Pv, `qan Gsä-Sp-¡-ensâ Dt±-iw, GI-tZihnkvXoÀ®w, Øe-¯nsâ ¹m³ GXv Hm^o-knÂ ]cn-tim-[-\bv¡v e`y-amWv F¶o hnh-c-§Ä ]d-ªn-cn-¡pw.hnÚm-]-\tam {]Jym-]-\tam AwKo-I-cn-¡p¶ A[n-Imcn Xs¶-bmWv AXn\v t`Z-K-Xntbm d±m-¡tem sN¿m-\pÅ \nivNnX A[n-Imcn ( dqÄ 17)



ASn-b- -c-ambn qan Gsä-Sp¯v \ÂtI kml-N-cy-§-fnÂ 17-þmw hIp v {]Imcw km[m-cW coXn-bnÂ AhmÀUv ]mkm-¡nb tijhpw qan AXnsâ DS-a-bnÂ \n¶pw Gsä-Sp-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. GXv hn[-¯n-em-bmepw qan Gsä-Sp-¡p¶ L«-¯nÂ kÀsÆ-b-dpsS km\n²yw Dm-bn-cn-¡m³ FÂ.-F.H {i²n-¡p-¶Xv Gsd \Ã-Xm-Wv. Gsä-Sp-¡Â tPmen-bnÂ qan \nÀ±njvS Na-b§tfmsS\ncp-]m-[nIw hn«p-X-¶-Xmbn cv ]IÀ¸p-I-fnÂ `qD-S-a-bpsS / DS-a-I-fpsS H¸pw, Xob-Xn-bpw, t]cpw klnXw hmt§--Xm-Wv.AhnsSh¨v Xs¶ AXnÂ \nÂ]p Na-b-§Ä AÀ°-\m-[n-Im-cn-bpsS \nÀ±njvS {]Xn-\n-[nsb t_m[y-s -Sp¯n Hmtcm t¹m«n-sâbpw kvsI¨nsâ Hcp ]IÀ¸pw Gsä-Sp-¡Â tcJ-bpsS Cc-«n-¸p-I-fnÂ H¶pw Snbm-\p-\ÂIn asä tIm¸n-bnÂ CXnÂ ]d-bp¶ Na-b-§fpw Cu hkvXp-hnsâ F^v.Fw kvsI¨v {]Im-c-apÅ AXn-cp-Ifpw t_m²y-s¸«v Cu tcJ-bp-sSbpw F^v.-Fw.kvsI¨nsâ Hcp ]IÀ¸pw klnXw AÀ°-\m-[n-Im-cn-bv¡p-thn FÂ.-F.-H-.bnÂ \n¶pw Gäp-hm-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p”. F¶v (H¸pwt]cpw, Hut±m-KnI Øm\-t¸cpw, Xob-Xnbpw tNÀ¯v) km£y-s -Sp¯n hmt§-Xpw ^benÂ Ønc-ambn kq£n-t¡--Xp-am-Wv.

`qan Gsä-Sp-¯m-ep-S³ 14-þmw \¼À ^md-¯n-epÅ Adn-bn¸v _Ô-s¸« k_v cPn-ÌmÀ¡v \ÂIn ssI¸än ckoXv hm§-Ww.`qan Gsä-Sp¯v AÀ°-\m-[n-Im-cnbv¡v ssIam-dn-¡-gn-ªmÂ

AhmÀUnsâ ]IÀ¸pwAXnÂ DÄs¸« F^v.-Fw. kvsI¨nsâ ]IÀ¸pwk_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaâ nsâ ]IÀ¸pw tNÀ¯v

FÂ.F H _Ô-s¸« Xmeq¡v Xl-koÂZmÀ¡v emâv dnt¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ Bh-iy-amb amä-§Ä hcp-¯p-¶-Xn-\mbn Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-t¡-Xpw Xmeq¡v, FÂ.-BÀ.-Fw. hn`m-K-¯n\pw _Ô-s¸« hntÃ-tPm- okv dnt¡mÀUp-I-fnepw Bh-iy-amb amä-§Ä / tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-ep-IÄ hcp- n-b-tijw Bb-Xnsâ km£y-]{Xw Xl-koÂZmÀ FÂ.-F.-H.bv¡v Ab¨v sImSp-t¡-Xpw AXv FÂ.F. b-enÂ Ønc-ambn kq£n-t¡--Xp-am-Wv. IqSp-XÂ hnh-c-§Ä `qtc-Jm-]-cn-]m-e\w F¶ A²ym-b-¯nÂ ImWp-I.

A²ymbw þ 2

emâv dh\yq \nb-a-§-fnse (1894 se FÂ.-G.-BIväv Hgn-sI)

kÀsÆ kw_-Ôn-bmb hIp- p-IÄ

Kerala Govt. Land Assignment Act, 1960

• kÀ¡mÀ `qan ]Xn¨p \ÂIp¶Xn\pÅ \nbaw• ]Xn p \ÂIm³ Dt±-in-¡p¶ kÀ¡mÀ `qan {]tXyIw kÀsÆ sNbvXv Demarcation sN¿Ww• Hmtcm Holdings Dw Af¶v Xn«-s -Sp¯n kvsI¨v X¿m-dm-¡n-b-Xn\v tij-amWv ]Xnhv \S-]Sn Bcw-`n-t¡-Xv• hn.H X¿m-dm-¡p¶ kvsI¨v semt¡-j³ kvsI¨v am{X-amWv• AXv Xmeq¡v kÀth-bÀ apJm-´ncw ]cn-tim-[n¨v {]tXyIw kvsI¨v X¿m-dm¡nbXn\v tij-amWv ]«b \S-]-Sn-IÄ Bcw-`n-

t¡Xv• tem¡Â AtXm-cn-änbvt¡m s]mXp Bh-iy-¯nt\m {]tXyIw Survey and demarcation \S¯n amän CtS--Xm-Wv.

1964 se Kerala Land Assignment Rules ]©m-b¯v {]tZ-is¯ `qan-]-Xn-hn-s\- än ]d-bp-¶p.

Irjn Bh-iy-¯n-\pw, hoSv hbv¡p-¶-Xn\pw, ]«-b-`q-an-bpsS Beneficial enjoyment \pw kÀ¡mÀ `qan ]Xn¨v \ÂIp-¶p.

Beneficial enjoyment \v ]Xnhv \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ qan-bpw ]«-b-`q-anbpw {]tXyIw Survey and demarcation

\S¯n kvsI¨v X¿m-dm-t¡--Xp-v. CXn\v Xmeq¡v kÀth-b-dpsS Bhiyw Dv.

Irjnbv¡v ka-X-e-{]-tZ-i-§-fnÂ 50 skâpw ae-{¼tZ-i-§-fnÂ Hcp G¡-dnepw IqSp-XÂ ]Xn¨p \ÂIm³ ]mSn-Ã. hoSp-h-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\pw Beneficial enjoyment \pw 15 skânÂ IqSp-XÂ \ÂIm³ ]mSn-Ã.

Survey and demarcation \S¯nb Gcn-b-bmWv ]«-b-¯nÂ tcJ-s -Sp-t¯--sX¶v Rule 9 {]tXyIw A\p-im-kn-¡p¶p.

Rule 9 {]Imcw Survey and demarcation charges Assignee AS-¡-Ww.

dokÀsÆ Ignª hntÃ-Pp-I-fnÂ ]Xnhv kw_-Ôn¨v k_vUn-hn-j³ kvsI¨v Bh-iy-amWv



Assk³saân-\p-thn kvsI v X¿m-dm-¡p-t¼mÄ ]»nIv tdmUv hnI-k-\- n\v 3 aoäÀ amän CSWw

]Xnhv \S-]-Sn-IÄ¡mbn dqÄ 11 {]Imcw enÌv X¿m-dm¡n AwKo-I-cn-¡-Ww. kÀsÆ-bÀamÀ ]Xn-hn\v kvsI¨v X¿m-dm-¡p-t¼mÄ hkvXp]Xnhv enÌnÂs¸«XmsW¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.

dqÄ 12(1) {]Imcw Xl-koÂZmÀ 15 Znh-ks¯ t\m«okv Xmeq-¡m-^o-knepw hntÃPv Hm^o-knepw, _Ô-s¸« Xt±i kzbw `cWØm]-\-¯nepw ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.

]cm-Xn-IÄ CsÃ-¦nÂ Xmeq¡v em³Uv Assk³saâv I½-än-I-fnÂh¨v AwKo-I-cn¨v Xl-koÂZmÀ ]«bw \ÂIp-¶p.

ap\n-kn- Â tImÀ -td-j³ Gcn-b-I-fnÂ ]Xnhv \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v 1995 se Assignment of Land within Municipal and

Corporation Areas Rules {]Im-c-am-Wv.

Maximum 10 cent in Municipal area, 5 cent in Corporation area

Subdivision sketch IÄ taÂ ]dª Gcn-bbv¡v am{Xta X¿m-dm-¡m³ ]mSp-Åq.

7(1) t\m«okv {]kn-²o-I-cn¨v ap\n-kn- Â / tImÀ¸-td-j³ em³Uv Assk³saâv I½n-än-bnÂ h¨v AwKo-I-cn¨v PnÃm-I-f-IvSÀ]«bw \ÂIp-¶p.

dqÄ 16 Â Assk³ sNt¿ qan Survey and demarcation \S¯Wsa¶v {]tXyIw A\p-im-kn-¡p-¶p. Survey and demarcation

charges Assignee AS-bv¡-Ww.

Assignment order epw ]«-b- nepw Assign sN¿p¶ `qansb kw_-Ôn¨ hnh-c-§Ä tNÀ¡p-¶Xv Survey and demarcation

sketch s\ ASn-Øm-\-am-¡n-bmWv F¶Xv {]tXyIw {it²-b-am-Wv. ]«bw sImSp- -tijw dokÀsÆ kq{]v AwKo-I-cn¨ Survey

and demarcation sketch s\ ASn-Øm-\-am¡n hntÃPv dn¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ amäw hcp-¯p-¶p.

Land Assignment kw_-Ôn¨v Xmsg- -d-bp¶ dqÄkv A\p-k-cn¨v ]«-b-§Ä \ÂIp¶Xn\pw kÀsÆ k_vUn-hn-j³ kvsI¨vBh-iy-am-Wv.

(a)The Kerala Land Assignment (Regularisation of occupations of Forest Land prior to 1-1-97) Special Rules

1993.

(1) dh\yq Un¸mÀ«p-saâpw h\w-h-Ip¸pw Hcp kwbpà ]cn-tim-[\ \S-¯n-bmWv ]Xnhv \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

(2) Hmtcm-cp- -cp-tSbpw ssIhiw Af¶vXn«-s¸-Sp¯n Survey and demarcation Sketch X¿mdm-¡n-bmWv ]«bw \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

(3) ]c-am-h[n 4 G¡À Øe¯n\v am{Xta Assignee bv¡v Ah-Im-i-apÅq.

(4) AXnÂ IqSp-X-epÅ Øew kÀ¡mÀ Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶p.

(5) ]«bw \ÂIp¶ Øehpw kÀ¡mÀ Gsä-Sp-¡p¶ Øehpw {]tXyIw kvsI¨v tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww. XpSÀ¶v Survey

Superintendent Sketch & Subdivision Statement Dw AwKo-I-cn¨v dnt¡mÀUnÂ amäw hcp-¯Ww

(6) 1961 se Kerala Survey and Boundaries Act {]Imcw kÀsÆ \S¯n X¿m-dm-¡nb kvsI¨v BWv ]«bw \ÂIp-¶-Xn\vthn ]c-ky-s -Sp-¯p-¶-Xv.

(7) {]kvXpX kvsI¨v {]Im-c-amWv Xl-koÂZmÀ ]«bw \ÂIp-¶-Xv.

(b) The Arable Forest Land Assignment Rules, 1970

(1) kÀ¡m-cnsâ {]tXyI D¯-chv {]Imcw t^mdÌv Un¸mÀ«vsaâ nÂ \n¶pw dh\yq Un¸mÀ«vsaâ n-tebv¡v Cu \nb-a-{]-Imcw]Xn-hn-\mbn hkvXp amäp-¶p.

(2) ]c-am-h[n 2 G¡-dmWv ]Xn¨v \ÂIp-¶-Xv.

(3) kÀsÆ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn¨v `qan-bpsS hnkvXrXnbpw semt¡-j\pw Xn«-s -Sp-¯n-btijw BWv Assignable list X¿m-dm¡n {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

(4) At]-£-IÀ¡v \ÂIp¶ `qan-bpsS Survey and demarcation hnh-c-§Ä ]Xnhv D¯-c-hnepw,, ]-«-b-¯nepw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\mÂ IrXy-amb kÀsÆ k_vUn-hn-j³ Bh-iy-amWv.

(c) Rules Assignment of Govt. Land for Industrial purposes 1964



(1) hymh-km-bnI Bh-iy- n\v `qan ]Xn¨v In«p-¶-Xn\v hyh-kmb hIp v Ub-d-IvSÀ¡v At]£ \ÂIp-¶p.

(2) Ub-d-IvSÀ At\z-jWw \S¯n ip]mÀi klnXw Kh¬saân\v kaÀ¸n-¡p-¶p.

(3) ]Xn¨p \ÂtI `qan-bpsS hnkvXoÀ®w hyh-kmb hIp v Ub-d-IvS-dpsS ip]mÀi-{]-Imcw kÀ¡mÀ Xocp-am-\n-¡p-¶p.

(4) At]-£-bnÂ kÀsÆ \w, Gcn-b, AXnÀ¯n-IÄ F¶nh hyà-ambn \ÂtI--Xp-v.

(5) CXv Xmeq¡v kÀtÆ-bÀ hni-Z-amb ]cn-tim-[\ \S¯n Survey and demarcation \S¯n PnÃm kÀtÆ kq{]v AwKo-I-cn¨kvsI¨nsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ BWv Xl-koÂZmÀ ]«bw \ÂIp-¶-Xv.

(6) ]Xnhv D¯chv kÀ¡mÀ ]pd-s -Sp-hn v PnÃm If-IvSÀ¡v Ab-bv¡p-¶p. PnÃm If-IvS-dpsS \nÀt±i{]Im-c-amWv kÀth k_vUn-hn-j³ \S¯n Xl-koÂZmÀ ]«bw \ÂIp-¶-Xv.

(d) Bhoodan Assignment Rules 1962

(1) `qan CÃm¯ ]mh-s -«-hÀ¡v qan ]Xn- p-\ÂIp-¶-Xn\pthn BNmcy hnt\m-_`msh Bcw- n {]Øm-\-amWv qZm³ aqhvsa³dv

(2) Zm\ ]{Xw FgpXn kzta-[bm kÀ¡m-cn\v `qan \ÂImw

(3) Xl-koÂZmÀ {]kvXpX Øew kÀsÆ & k_vUn-hn-j³ sNbvXv BWv Zm\w kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

(4) kÀsÆ k_vUn-hn-j³ ka-b¯v {]kvXpX Øew ]pd-t¼m-¡nÂ DÄs¸-«-X-sÃ¶v kÀthbÀ Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.

(5) Bhoodan Committee / Land Assignment Committee BWv KpW-t`m-àm-¡-fpsS enÌv AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

(6) Xl-koÂZmÀ \ÂIp¶ ]«-b-{]-Imcw hn.-H, dh\yq dn¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ amäw hcp- p-¶p. kÀsÆ kq{]v AwKo-I-cn¨ kvsI¨pwk_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaâpw {]Im-c-amWv dn¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ amäw hcp-¯p-¶-Xv.

(e) Kandukrishi Land Assignment Rules, 1958

(1) Irjn Bh-iy- n\v Ip-Irjn hnfw-_-c-{]-Imcw Gsä-Sp¯ Øe-amWv Ip Irjn `qan

(2)ssIh-i-¡m-c\v \nb-a-{]-Imcw tIm¼³tk-j³ hm§n ]Xn¨v \ÂIp-¶p.

(3)]-Xnhv \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v ap³]mbn dn¡mÀUp-{]-Imcw DÅ Ip-Irjn Øew kÀsÆ \S¯n Xn«-s -Sp¯n kvsI¨vX¿m-dm-¡p-¶p.

(4)Hmtcm ssIh-i- n\pw {]tXyIw k_vUn-hn-j³ kvsI v X¿m-dm-¡n-bmWv ]Xnhv D -chv ]pd-s -Sp-hn-¡p-¶-Xv.

(f) tXbn-e, Im¸n, d_À, Gew F¶nh Irjn-sN-¿p¶ Bh-iy-¯n-te¡v ]Xnhv \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v {]tXyIw N«-§Ä cq]o-

I-cn-¨n-«p-v. Sn N«-§-fpsS \S-¯n- n\pw kÀsÆ kw_-Ô-amb \S-]-Sn-{I-a-§Ä Bh-iy-amWv.

(g) Kerala Land Conservancy Act, 1957 £

Rule, 1957

(1) kÀ¡mÀ Øew A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn ssIt¿-dp-¶Xv XS-bp-¶-Xn\v thn cq]o-I-cn-¨n-«pÅ \nb-a-am-Wn-Xv.

(2) 2009 se tIcf em³Uv I¬kÀh³kn Aa³Uvsaâv BIväv {]Im-cw, kÀ¡mÀ hI `qan ssIt¿-ä-¯n\v IqSp-XÂ in£GÀs¸-Sp-¯n.

(a) kÀ¡mÀ qan ssIt¿-ä-¡m-c\v 3 hÀjw apXÂ 5 hÀjw hsc XShpw 50000/-þ cq]m-ap-XÂ 2 e£w hsc ]ngbpw in£e n-¡mw.

(b) hymP-tc-J-IÄ X¿m-dm¡n kÀ¡mÀ `qan ssIamäw \S-¯p-Itbm DS-a-Øm-h-Imiw Øm]n-¡m³ hymP-tc-J-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-Itbm sNbvXmÂ 5 hÀjw apÂ 7 hÀjw hsc XShpw 50,000/þ apXÂ 2 e£w hsc ]ngbpw in£e`n-¡mw.

(c) A\-[n-Ir-X- qan ssIt¿äw dnt¸mÀ«p sN¿p-Itbm Hgn-¸n-¡p-Itbm sN¿m³ Npa-X-e-s¸« DtZym-K-Ø³ AXv sN¿p¶XnÂhogvN hcp-¯n-bmÂ 3 hÀjw apXÂ 5 hÀjw hsc XShpw 50,000/þ cq]m-ap-XÂ 2 e£w hsc ]ngbpw in£ e`n-¡mw.

(d) kÀ¡mÀ `qan-bnÂ A\-[n-IrX \nÀ½mWw \S- n-bmÂ Hcp hÀjw apXÂ cv hÀjw hsc XShpw 10,000/þcq] apXÂ25,000/þ ]qc hsc ]ngbpw in£ e n-¡mw.

taÂ tNÀ¯ in£m \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ hI Øew ssIt¿-dnbXv ImWn-¡p¶ hyà-amb kvsI¨vBh-iy-am-Wv.



ssIt¿-dnb kÀsÆ \¼-cnÂs¸« BsI ]pd-t¼m-¡n-tâbpw ssIt¿-dn-b-Xn-tâbpw kvsI¨v X¿m-dm¡n Xn«-s -Sp¯nbti-j-amWv \nb-a-{]-Imcw Hgn-¸n-¡Â prosecution DÄs¸sS-bp-Å XpSÀ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-t¡--Xv.

(h) Kerala Land Development Act, 1964

Rule, 1977

(1) `qhnI-k-\-¯n-\mbn {]tXyIw kvIoap-IÄ GÀs¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\pÅ \nbaw.

(2) ]mS-ti-J-c-I-½-än-IÄ Cu \nb-a-{]-Imcw cq]o-I-cn-¡p-¶p.

(3) ]mS-ti-Jc I½-än-IÄ hnI-k-\-]-²-Xn-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-¶p.

(4) Hmtcm ]²-Xnbv¡pw Bh-iy-amb Øe-§Ä kÀth sNbvXv kvsI¨pIÄ X¿m-dm-t¡--Xpv.

(5) AXn\ptij-amWv t\m«n-^n-t¡-j³ \S¯n AwKo-I-cn¨v kvIoap-IÄ \S- m-¡p-¶-Xv.

(h) Kerala Land Relinquishment Act, 1958

Rule, 1958

(1) `qan kzta-[bm kÀ¡m-cn-te¡v hns«m-gn-bp-¶-Xn\v thnbpÅ \nb-aw.

(2) `qan hns«m-gn-bp-¶-Xn-\pÅ At]£ BÀ.-Un.H bv¡v \ÂIp-¶p.

(3) {]kvXpX At]-£-bnÂ hn.H hgn At\z-jWw \S-¯n-bmWv XpSÀ \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

(4) dnt¸mÀ«n-s\m¸w kvsI¨pw al-Êdpw X¿m-dm¡n kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww.

(5) hns«m-gn-bp¶ `qan ]pd-t¼m-¡-sÃ¶v Dd¸v hcp-¯p-¶-Xn\v Xmeq¡v kÀth-bÀ apJm-´n-c-amWv kvsI¨v X¿m-dm-t¡--Xv. CukvsI¨pw k_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaâpw kÀsÆ kq{]v AwKo-I-cn-¡-Ww.

(6) BÀ.-Un.-H, dnt¸mÀ«pw, kvsI¨pw al-Êdpw {]Imcw kn ^mdw t\m«okv ]c-ky-s¸-Sp¯n ]cmXn H¶pw CsÃ¶v ImÂ hns«m-gn-bÂ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶p.

kÀsÆ kq{]-nsâ AwKo-IrX kvsI¨v {]Imcw field mapÂ subdivision tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯Ww.

(7) BÀ.-Un.H bpsS D¯-chv {]Imcw hntÃPv X-t¸-cnÂ Ipdhv hcp-¯-Ww. hns«m-gnª hkvXp ]pd-t¼m-¡nÂ IqSp-XÂBbn tNÀ¡Ww.

i) Kerala Land Tax Act, 1961

Rule, 1972

(1) Basic Tax AYhm `q\n-IpXn ]ncn-¡p-¶-Xn\v thn-bmWv Cu \nbaw \S- m-¡n-bn-«p-Å-Xv.

(2) dokÀsh dn¡mÀUp-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-t¼mÄ Gähpw {][m-\-ambn X¿m-dm-¡p¶ cPn-ÌÀ BWv ASn-Øm\ `q\n-IpXn cPn-ÌÀAYhm BTR.

(3) BTR Â hkvXp-hn\v t\sc `q\n-IpXn F{X-sb¶v ImWn- n-cn-¡-Ww. \ne-hn-epÅ \nIpXn \nc-¡p-IÄ A\p-k-cn-¨mWv BTR

X¿m-dm-¡p-¶Xv.

Ct¸m-gs¯ `q\n-IpXn \nc-¡p-IÄ Xmsg sImSp-¡p-¶p.

tImÀ¸-td-j³2 BÀ hsc 1 Bdn\v cv cq]2 Adn\v apI-fnÂ 1 Bdn\v 4 cq]

ap³kn-¸m-enän6 BÀ hsc 1 Bdn\v 1 cq]6 Bdn\v apI-fnÂ 1 Bdn\v 2 cq]

]©m-b¯v20 BÀ hsc 1 Bdn\v 50 ss]20 Bdn\v apI-fnÂ 1 Bdn\v 1 cq]

j) Kerala Land Utilisation Order, 1967

(1) kwØm-\s¯ ImÀjnI cwKw sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn s\Âh-b-ep-IÄ \nI-¯p-¶Xv XS-bp-¶-Xn\pw ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨ Hcp D¯-c-hmWv KLU Order.

(2) Hcp \nÝnX {]tZ-i¯v Hcp \nÝnX hnf Irjn sN¿-W-sa¶v ImWn¨v kÀ¡m-cn\v t\m«n-^n-t¡-j³ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡m\pw AX-\p-k-cn¨v FÃm `q DS-a-IÄ¡pw t\m«okv \ÂIm\pw Cu \nbaw If-IvSÀ¡v A[n-Imcw \ÂIp-¶p.

(3) Irjn `qan Xcn-imbn CSp-Itbm t\m«okv {]Imcw Irjn sN¿m-Xn-cn-¡p-Itbm sNbvXmÂ Irjn sN¿m-\pÅ Ah-Imiw teewsNbvXv aq¶mw I£nsb GÂ¸n-¡m³ Cu \nbaw If-IvSÀ / BÀ.-Un.H bv¡v A[n-Imcw \ÂIp-¶p.



(4) F¶mÂ Sn \nbaw ^e-{]-Z-a-sÃ¶v kÀ¡m-cn\v t_m[ys¸-«-Xn-\mepw h³tXm-XnÂ s\Âh-b-ep-Ifpw X®oÀ¯-S-§fpw cq]m-´-c-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xmbn kÀ¡m-cnsâ {i²-bnÂs¸«-Xn-\mepw 2008 Â tIcf s\Âh-bÂ X®oÀ¯S kwc-£W \nb-ahpwN«-§fpw kÀ¡mÀ GÀs¸-Sp-¯n.

(5) Kerala Conservation of Paddy Land and Wet Land Act & Rules 2008.

(6) Cu \nb-a-¯nsâ 3þmw hIp¸v s\Âh-bÂ ]cn-hÀ¯\w sN¿p-¶Xpw 11-þmw hIp¸v X®oÀ¯-S-§Ä ]cn-hÀ¯\w sN¿p-¶Xpw hne-¡p-¶p.

(7) Cu \nb- nsâ \S- n- n-\mbn Hcp Local Level Monitoring Committee bpw District Level Authorised Committee bpw State

Level Committee bpw cq]o-I-cn- n-cn-¡p-¶p.

(8) Local Level Monitoring Committee bnÂ Panchayat President(Chairman), Agricultural Officer, V.O, bpw F¶n-hÀ AwK-§fpw BWv. IÀjI {]Xn-\n-[n-I-tfbpw t\man-t\äv sN¿p-¶p.

(9) hoSv hbv¡p-¶-Xn\v hbÂ \nI-¯m³ ip]mÀi \ÂIp-¶p. (10 cents in Panchayat area 5 cents in Municipal / Corporation

area)

(10) A\-[n-IrX hbÂ \nI- Â BÀ.-Un.-Hbv¡v dnt¸mÀ«v sN¿pI F¶n-h-bmWv Cu I½-än-bpsS A[n-Im-c-§Ä.

(11) Cu I½-än-bpsS asämcp {][m-\-Np-a-Xe s\Âh-b-ep-I-fp-tSbpw X®oÀX-S-§-fp-tSbpw Hcp Data Bank X¿m-dm-¡p-I-bm-Wv.

(12) CXn-\mbn kÀsÆ hn m-K- nsâ tkh\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. Satellite map Â kÀsh hnh-c-§Ä kq£va-X-tbmsS tcJ-s -Sp-t --Xp-v. Cu Data Bank ]c-ky-s -Sp-t --Xp-v.

(13) PnÃm-Xe Authorised Committee bpsS sNbÀam³ BÀ.-Un.H bpw Principal Agricultural Officer Dw aäpw 3 IÀjI {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw CXnse AwK-§Ä BWv.

(14) kz -ambn Xma-kn-¡p-¶-Xn\v hoSp h-bv¡p-¶-Xn\v Cu \nb-a-{]-Imcw hbÂ\n-I- m³ A\p-hmZw \ÂIp-I, A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn s\Âh-bÂ, X®oÀ¯Sw F¶nh \nI- p-¶-Xns\Xnsc \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡pI F¶nh Cu I½-än-bpsS A[n-Im-c-am-Wv.

(15) State Level Committee bnÂ Agri. production Commissioner Â I¬ho-\dpw dh\yp I½o-j-WÀ, ]cn-ØnXn taJ-e-bnseHcp hnZ-Kv²³, s\ÂIrjn taJe-bnse Hcp imkv{X-Ú³ F¶n-hÀ aäv AwK-§fpw BWv.

(16) s]mXp Bh-iy-¯n-\mbn \new \nI- p-¶-Xn-\pÅ A\p-hmZw \ÂIp-¶Xv State Committee BWv.

(17) A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn s\Âh-btem X®oÀ¯-Stam ]cn-hÀ¯-\-s -Sp-¯p¶ GsXm-cmfpw 6 amkw apXÂ 2 hÀjw hsc XS-hn\pw 50,000/-þcq] apXÂ Hcp e£w hsc ]ngbpw \ÂtIn hcpw.

(18) 4þmw N«-{]-Imcw tUäm-_m¦v X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xn\v kÀsh hn`m-K-¯nsâ tkh\w A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

k) Kerala Revenue Recovery Act, 1968

Rules, 1968

(1) \nIpXn C\-¯ntem CXc C\-§-fntem e`n-t¡-- XpI bYm-k-abw HSp-¡p-¶-XnÂ hogvN hcp-¯p-t¼m-gmWv BÀ.-BÀ \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

(2) Movable Property P]vXn sN¿p-¶-Xn\v 7þmw hIp¸v {]Imcw Unamâv t\m«okv \ÂIp-¶p. DSs\ XpI AS-bv¡-Ww.

(3) Immovable Property P]vXn sN¿p-¶-Xn\v 34-þmw hIp¸v {]Imcw Unamâv t\m«okv \ÂIp-¶p. XpI AS-bv¡p-¶-Xn\v Ipd-ªXv7 Znh-ks¯ kabw F¦nepw A\p-h-Zn-¡-Ww.

(4) Immovable Property P]vXn sN¿p-¶-Xn\v 36-þmw hIp¸v {]Imcw t\m«okv hkvXp-hnepw ]Xn-¡-Ww.

(5) CXn-\mbn Defaulter sS hkvXp- identify sN¿p-¶-Xn\v P]vXn dn¡mÀUv X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xn\pw kÀsÆ-b-dpsS Bhiyw Dm-Ipw.

(6) IpSn-Èn-I-¡m-csâ _nkn-\Êv Aäm v sN¿p¶Xv 43-þmw hIp v {]Imcw PnÃm-I-f-IvS-dm-Wv.

(7) Immovable Property hnÂ¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]Sn {Ia-§Ä 49þmw hIp¸nÂ ]d-bp-¶p.

(8) P]vXn sNbvX Immovable Property teew sN¿p-¶-Xn\v ap³Iq«n XobXn \nÝ-bn¨v ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-p. A{]-Imcw teew\S¯n IqSp-XÂ teew hnfn-¡p¶ Bfnsâ t]cnÂ teew Ønc-s -Sp¯n tee kÀ«n-^n-¡äv \ÂIp-¶p.

(9) XpSÀ¶v hkvXp tee-¡m-csâ t]cnÂ {]amWw sNbvXv \ÂIp-¶p. {]am-W-t¯m-sS¸w lmP-cm-t¡ hkvXphnsâ Demarcation

Skatch Surveyer X¿m-dm¡Ww.



(10)BÀ.- BÀ BIvänsâ sk£³ 50Â {]Imcw tee-¯nÂ ]s¦-Sp-¡m³ BÄ CsÃ-¦ntem teew sIm XpI Xosc Ipd-hm-sW-¦ntem asämcp Xob-Xnbv¡v (60 Znh-k-¯n-\Iw) teew amäWw.

(11)hopw teew \S-¯n-bn-sÃ-¦nÂ tÌäv Hmô-kÀ¡v Xs¶ Hcp cq] AS¨v kÀ¡m-cn\v thn teew ]nSnbv¡mw. AtXmsShkvXp kÀ¡m-cn-sâ-Xm-Ip-¶p. CXmWv Bought-in-Land.

(12)Bought-in-Land sâ hnhcw X-t¸À BTRF¶n-h-bnÂ tcJ-s -Sp-¯p-Ibpw Bought-in-Land \v {]tXyIw cPn-ÌÀ kq£n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

Transfer of Registry Rules, 1966

(1) `qan-bnÂ taepÅ DS-a-Øm-h-Imiw amdp-¶-Xn-\-\p-k-c-W-am-bn, `q DS-a-I-fpsS t]cnÂ \nIpXn ]ncn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn hntÃPvtcJ-I-I-fnÂ Bh-iy-amb amäw hcp-¯p-¶-Xn-\mWv t]m¡p-h-chv AYhm Pa-amäw F¶p-]-d-bp-¶-Xv.

(2) Pa-amäw Bh-iy-ambn hcp-¶Xv aq¶v kml-N-cy-§-fn-em-Wv.(1) kza-\-Êm-se-bpÅ hkvXp ssIam-äw.(2) tImSXn D¯-chv, dh\yq teew F¶nh hgn-bpÅ \nÀ_-ÔnX ssIam-äw.(3) ]n´p-SÀ¨m-h-Im-iw.

(3) k_vUn-hn-j³ Bh-iy-an-Ãm¯ Pa-amäw hn.H bv¡v A\p-h-Zn-¡mw.

(4) t]m¡p-h-c-hn\v Bkv]-Z-amb hkvXp-hn\v k_vUn-hn-j³ Bh-iy-apÅ ]£w k_vUn-hn-j³ kvsI¨v / hntÃPv Akn-Ìâv /kÀth-bÀ X¿m-dm-t¡-Xpw AXv ‘F’^md-t¯msSm¸w h¨v Xl-koÂZmÀ¡v kaÀ¸n¨v AwKo-Imcw hmt§--Xp-am-Wv.

(5) t]m¡phchv tIkv XoÀ¨ sNbvXp Ign-ªmÂ X-t¸À A¡u-nÂ hnhcw tcJ-s -Sp-¯-Ww.

(6) ]«b I£n ac-W-s -Sp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ ]n´p-SÀ¨m-h-Imi t]m¡p-h-chv hgn hkvXp ac-W-s¸« I£n-bpsS ]n´p-SÀ¨m-h-Im-in-I-fpsS t]cnÂ Iq«m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. CXn\v 15 Znh-ks¯ t\m«okv ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.

t]m¡p-h-c-hn-\mbn hkvXp identify sN¿p-¶-Xn\pw Boundary IÄ CsÃ-¦nÂ AXv ^nIvkv sN¿p-¶-Xn\pw k_vUn-hn-j³ kvsI¨v X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xn\pw kÀsÆ kw_Ôn¨ \S-]Sn {Ia-§Ä thn-h-cp-¶p.

(7) t]m¡p-h-chv \nb-a-¯nse dqÄ 12, k_vUn-hn-js\ kw_-\v[n¨v hyà-amb amÀ¤-\nÀt±iw \ÂIp-¶p.

XlkoÂZmÀ k_vUn-hn-j³ AS-§p¶ ‘A’ Form AwKo-I-cn-¨mepw kÀsh k_vUn-hn-j³ Ań-a-am-Ip-¶n-Ã. k_vUn-hn-j³ kvsI¨p-Ifpw tÌävsaâpw kq£va ]cn-tim-[\ \S¯n kÀsÆ kq{]v AwKo-I-cn-¡-Ww. CXn-\mbn X¿m-dm-¡nbkvsI¨ntâbpw k_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaân-tâbpw 3 tIm¸n kÀsh kq{]-n\v Ab-bv¡-Ww. kÀsh kq{]v AwKo-I-cn¨ kvsI¨pwk_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaâpw {]Imcw hn.H hntÃPv dnt¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ amäw hcp-¯-Ww. kÀsh ôÂUv_p¡nepw th amäw hcp-¯-Ww. Xmeq¡môknse kÀsh ôÂUv_p¡nepw th-amäw hcp-¯-Ww.

Subdivision changes Hmtcm aq¶v amk-¯n-sem-cn-¡Â Xl-koÂZmÀ _Ô-s¸« Registering Officer s\ Adn-bn-t¡--Xm-Wv.

Kerala Tresure Trove Act, 1968 £

Rules 1971

(1) Treasure Trove means money, bullion, or other valuable found hidden in the earth

(2) \n[n I hnhcw PnÃm-I-f-IvSsd Adn-bn-¡-Ww.

(3) DS-a-Øsâ hnlnXw \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw kÀ¡m-cn\v thn \n[n Gsä-Sp-¡m\pw DÅ A[n-Imcw PnÃm If-IvSÀ¡v Dv.

(4) \n[n ImW-s¸« Øe-¯nsâ dnt¸mÀ«v , al-ÊÀ F¶nh X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xn\v Npa-X-e-s¸-Sp-¯s¸« DtZym-K-Ø\v {]kvXpXØe-¯nsâ kvsI¨v kÀth-bÀ apJm-ńcw X¿m-dm-t¡-n-h-cp-¶p.

Kerala Escheats and Forfeitures Act, 1964 £

Rule 1965

(1) Ah-Im-in-IÄ Bcpw CÃmsX acn¡p¶h-cpsS hkvXp-¡-fmWv Escheats F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. CXv kÀ¡m-cnsâ DS-a-Ø-X-bnÂ h¶p tNcp-¶p.

(2)Escheats s\ kw_-Ôn¨ hnhcw e`n-¨m-ep-S³ If-IvSÀ sk£³ 5 {]Imcw hnhcw Kk-änÂ {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶p.

(3)Ah-Im-in-IÄ Ds-¦nÂ 6 amk-¯n-\Iw sXfnhv klnXw Ah-Imiw D¶-bn-¡mw.



(4)Ah-Im-i-¯n³taÂ At\z-jWw \S¯n If-IvSÀ XoÀ¸v IÂ¸n¡p-¶p.-

(5)XpSÀ¶v D¯-chv {]Imcw Øew If-IvSÀ Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶p.

(6)Gsä-Sp¯ {]kvXpX Øew Kerala Land Assignment Act, 1960 {]Imcw ]Xnhv \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v D]-tbm-Kn-¡mw.

(7)Øew Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\v thn X¿m-dm-¡p¶ al-Ê-dn-s\m¸w kÀth-bÀ X¿m-dm-¡nb kvsI¨pw Bh-iy-am-Wv. Cu kvsI¨nÂBWv ]Xnhv kab¯v k_vUn-hn-j\pIÄ Dm-t¡--Xv. CXn\v kÀth hnwKnsâ klmbw Bh-iyamWv-.

Kerala Service Inam Land (Vesting and Enfranchisement Act, 1981 £ Rules 1981

(1) {]tXyIw tkh-\-§Ä¡v \ÂI-s¸« Øe-amWv Service Inam Land.

(2) Cu \nb-aw aqew Service Inam Land IÄ kÀ¡m-cnÂ Vest sNbvXp. (Vesting)

(3) IqSmsX Land holders \v {]kvXpX Øew ]Xn¨p In«p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ah-Imihpw e`n¨p (enfranchisement)

(4) ]Xnhv \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v kÀsh hnwKnsâ klm-b-t¯msS hkvXp¡Ä Af¶v Xn«-s -Sp¯n kvsI¨v X¿m-dm¡nAwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶p.

(5) ]«bw \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v sam¯w kvsI¨nÂ Hmtcm ssIh-i-§fpw k_vUn-hn-j³ sN¿p-¶p.

(6) kÀsh kq{]v AwKo-I-cn¨ kvsI¨v {]Imcw hntÃPv dn¡mÀUnÂ amäw hcp-¯p-¶p.

Kerala Restriction on Transfer by and Restoration of Lands to Schedules Tribes Act, 1999

(1) ]«n-I-hÀ¤-¯nÂs¸« BÄ¡mÀ hkvXp-¡Ä ssIamäw sN¿p-¶Xv \nb-{´n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw A\ym-[o-\-s¸« qan AhÀ¡v XncnsI\ÂIp-¶-Xn\pw DÅ \nb-aam-Wn-Xv.

(2) A\ym-[o-\-s¸« `qan Is-¯p-¶-Xn\pw aäv \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw kÀsh hIp- nsâ klmbw Bhiy-am-Wv.

(3) 2001þÂ Schedules Tribes \v `qan ]Xn v \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ {]tXyIw N«§Ä Bhn-jv¡-cn- n-«p-v. Kerala Assignment of

Govt. Land to Scheduled Tribes Rules 2001

(4)A\p-tbm-Py-amb kÀ¡mÀ `qan Is-¯n-bmWv ]Xnhv \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

(5) Survey and Demarcation \v ap³s]bmWv ]«bw \ÂIp-¶-sX-¦nÂ B hnhcw ]«-b-¯nÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.

(6) XpSÀ¶v Survey and Demarcation ]qÀ¯n-bm¡n Bh-iy-ap-s-¦nÂ ap³ kvsI¨nÂ t`Z-KXn hcp¯n hntÃPv dn¡mÀUpI-fnÂ amäw hcp-¯p-¶p.

Cu \nbaw \S-¸m-¡p-¶-XnÂ kÀsh kq{]-nsâ ]¦v Gähpw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

Kerala Lands Reforms Act, 1963

Dt±iw

(1) 1þ4-þ1964 t\m AXn\v ap³t]m DÅ IpSn-In-S-¸p-ImÀ, IpSn-bm-bva¡mÀ F¶n-hÀ¡v `qan-bnÂ Ah-Imiw Øm]n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-I.

(2)]cn-[n-bnÂ Ihnª `qan ssIhiw hbv¡p¶ hyàn-IÄ/IpSpw_w/Øm]\w F¶n-h-cnÂ \n¶pw an¨-`qan Gsä-Sp¯v `qc-ln-X-cmbhÀ¡v hnX-cWw sN¿p-I.

IpSn-In-S-¸p-ImÀ

(1) kz´-ambn hoSn-Ã.

(2) tImÀ¸-td-j³ Gcn-b-bnÂ 3 skânÂ IqSp-XÂ CÃ.

(3) ap³kn-¸m-en-än-bnÂ 5 skânÂ IqSp-XÂ CÃ.

(4) ]©m-b- nÂ 10 skânÂ IqSp-XÂ CÃ.

(5)- hm-S-I-hm-§ntbm CÃm-sXtbm Øetam hotSm D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ A\p-hmZw In«nb BÄ BWv IpSn-In-S-¸p-Im-c³.

(6) Øehpw hoSptam/hoSv hbv¡m³ A\p-hmZw \ÂInb Øetam easement Ah-Imiw DÄs¸-sS-bmWv IpSn-In-S¸v.

(7)hoSv ‘Hut’ sâ \nÀÆ-N-\-¯nÂ hc-Ww.

(8) Hut Xma-kn-¡p-¶-Xn\v thn h¨-Xm-Wv.Cost of Construction 750/- cq]-bnÂ IqSm³ ]mSn-Ã. amk-hm-SI 5/þ cq]-bnÂ IqSm³ ]mSn-Ã.

(9) kÀ¡mÀ `qan-bnÂ IpSn-In-S-¸-h-Imiw CÃ.



(10)750/þ cq]- cost of Construction \pw 5/þ cq] amk-hm-S-Ibpw IqSp-X-emWv F¶p-Å-Xp-sImv am{Xw IpSn-In-S v A\p-h-Zn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³ Ign-bp-I-bnÃ F¶v tImSXn hn[n-IÄ Dv.

Tenant

(1) hmSI sImSp¯v hkvXp ssIhiw h¨v A\p`hn¡p¶ BÄ.

(2) hmSI sImSp-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ IcmÀ CsÃ-¦nÂ Land Lord – Tennant _Ôw CÃ.

(3) hkvXp- b-YmÀ°- nÂ ssIhiw DÅ Bfpw Irjn sN¿m³ Ah-Imiw DÅ Bfpw BWv Cultivating tennant

Kanam

Transfer of immovable Property for enjoyment

Kuzhikanam

hr£-§Ä \«v BZmbw FSp¡mw

Karaima

Xd-¸m«whm§n hoSv h¡m³ Øew sImSp-¡p¶p.

Odacharthu

Agreement for cutting bamboos in Malabar.

]mXn-hmcwIrjn DÂ¸-¶- nsâ ]IpXn sImSp-¡-W-sa¶ IcmÀ

Fixity of Tenure

`qan-bnÂ P·m-h-Imiw Øm]n¨p sImSp-¡Â. Tenure F¶mÂ P·mhImiw F¶À°w. KLR Act {]Imcw FÃm Tenant IÄ¡pwP·mh-Imiw e`n-¨p-In-«m³ Ah-Imiw Dv. Ah-cpsS ssIhiw DÅ `qan XncnsI FSp-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã.

Land Tribunal

P·m-h-Imiw ]Xn-¨p-In-«m\pw IpSn-In-S¸v Ah-Imiw ]Xn¨p In«m\pw Land Tribunal Â At]£ \ÂI-Ww.-

`qan DS-abv¡v thsd `qan CsÃ-¦nÂ 20 skânÂ IqSmsX XncnsI hm§mw. Plantation `qan-bnÂ fixity of tenure CÃ.

A¸-teäv AtXm-dn«n

Land Tribunal sâ D¯-chns\-Xnsc 60 Znh-k-¯n-\Iw A¸oÂ t]mImw. kwØm-\¯v \ne-hnÂ 3 A¸-teäv AtXm-dn-«n-IÄ {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp-¶p. Be- p-g, XriqÀ, I®qÀ

A¸-teäv AtXm-dn-än-bpsS Xocp-am-\-¯n-s\-Xnsc 45 Znh-k-¯n-\Iw sslt¡m-S-Xn-bnÂ dnhn-j³ ^bÂ sN¿mw.

Xmeq¡v emâv t_mÀUv

(1) `q]-cn-jvI-c-W-\n-baw 83-þmw hIp v A\p-k-cn¨v ]cn-[n-bnÂ Ihnª `qan hyàn-Itfm IpSpw-_-§tfm ssIhiw hbv¡m³]mSn-Ã.

(2)]cn-[n-bnÂ Ihnª `qan-bp-Å-hÀ TLB ap³]msI ceiling return ^bÂ sN¿-Ww.

(3)bYm-k-abw dnt«¬ ^bÂ sN¿p-¶n-Ãm-sb-¦nÂ tIkv _p¡v sNbvXv hnNm-cW \S¯n ]cn-[n-bnÂ Ihnª an¨ `qan Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶p.

ssIhiw hbv¡m-hp¶ `q]-cn[nStd Ordinary

(1) hyàn 5 G¡À 6-þ7 1/2 G¡À(2) cv apXÂ 5 t]À DÅ IpSpw_w 10 12-þ15(3) 5 t]cnÂ IqSp-X-epÅ IpSpw_w 10 Std Acre

+ 5 Â IqSp-XÂ DÅ HmtcmAwK-¯n\pw Hcp Std Acre 12-þ20

(4) I¼\nIÄ 10 Std Acre 12-þ15

TLB D¯-chv {]Imcw an¨-`qan Xl-koÂZmÀ Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶p.

CXn-\mbn Declarantsâ BsI ssIhi-apÅ Øe-¯n-tâbpw kÀ¡m-cn\v hn«p-sIm-Sp-¡p¶ Øe-¯n-tâbpw ssIhiw hbv¡m-hp¶ Øe-¯n-tâbpw kÀsh kvsI¨v X¿m-dm-¡-Ww.



CXnsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯nemWv al-ÊÀ X¿m-dm¡n an¨-`qan Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶-Xv. Xmeq¡v kÀshbÀ TLBbpsS D¯-chv {]Imcwam{Xta kÀth kvsI¨v X¿m-dm-¡m-hq. `qc-ln-X-cm-b-hÀ¡v an¨-`qan hnX-c-Ww-sN-¿p-¶-Xn\v PnÃm-I-f-IvSÀ hnÚm-]\w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p-¶p.

At]-£-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n¨v AÀl-cm-b-hsc Xnc-sª-Sp-¯-tijw {]tXyIw k_vUn-hn-j³kvsI¨v X¿m-dm¡n Deed of

Assignment \ÂIp-¶p. AtXm-sSm¸w ssIhiw hn«p-sIm-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. XpSÀ¶v dh\yq dn¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ th{X amäwhcp¯n ]«bw X¿m-dm¡n \ÂIp-¶p.

s]mXp-hmb Imcy-§Ä

(1) taÂ kqNn-¸n¨ FÃm \nb-a-§-fnepw kÀth \S-]-Sn-IÄ Bh-iy-amsW¶ Imcyw t_m²y-s -«p-htÃm

(2) FÃm kÀth \S-]-Sn-Ifnepw 1961 se Survey and Boundaries Act Dw dqfpw _m[-I-am-Wv.

(3) \nb-a-]-c-ambn kÀth XpS-§p-¶-Xn-\p-ap³]v 6(1) Notification \pw kÀth Xocp-am\w Adn-bn-¨p-sImv 9(2) Notice {]kn-²o-I-c-Whpw Boundary Dispute Xocp-am\w kw_-Ôn¨v Section 10 {]Im-c-apÅ t\m«okpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

(4) taÂ tNÀ¯ \nb-a-{]-Im-c-apÅ Demarcation \pw sk£³ 13 {]Imcw t\m«nss^ sN¿-Ww.

(5) Assignment Orders {]Imcw ]«-bhpw Approved map Dw Dm-Ip-¶Xv LRM \S-]-Sn-IÄ¡v BXy- m-t]-£n-X-amWv

A²ymbw þ 3

tImSXn \S-]-Sn-IÄ

knhnÂ \S-]Sn¨«¯nsâ 80þmw hIp- p-{]-Imcw DÅ t\m«okp In«p¶ DtZym-K-Ø³ AXnsâ ]IÀ¸p b-enÂ kq£n-¨n«v AkÂ PnÃm If-IvSÀ¡v /hIp- -²y-£\v A\-´c \S-]-Sn¡v Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡-Ww. (C-Xn-\p-tijw If-IvSÀ F¶v kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p) If-IvSÀ AXn-t·Â At\z-jWw \S¯n AXnÂ Ig-¼p-s¶p ImÂ Bh-iy-apÅ ]£w kÀ¡m-cnsâ D¯-chphm§n ]cm-Xn¡v ]cn-lmcw \ÂIpw. ]cmXn Ig-¼n-Ãm- -Xm-sW-¦nÂ Bb-Xn\v hyà-amb adp-]Sn ]cm-Xn-¡m-c\v \ÂIpw

kÀ¡m-cn-s\-Xnsc Hcp kyq«v b-em-bmÂ kn.-]n.kn bnse HmÀUÀ 27 se dqÄ 4 {]Imcw DÅ ka¬kv ssI¸-äp¶ DtZym-K-Ø³ _Ô-s¸« Un.-FÂ.H AYhm Kh¬saâv ¹oU-dp-ambn Btem-Nn¨v kÀ¡m-cn-\p-thn tIkns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡m-\pÅASn-b- nc \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡-Ww. Hcp DtZym-K-Ø-s\-Xnsc Abm-fpsS HutZym-KnI ]Zhn ImWn-¨mWv tIkv ^bÂ sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-sX-¦nÂ hIp- -²y-£\v Xmsg-¡m-Wp¶ hnh-c-§Ä ImWn¨v ASn-b- n-c-ambn dnt¸mÀ«p-\ÂI-Ww.

1. tIknsâ \¼À2. tIkv ^b-enÂ kzoI-cn¨ Xob-Xnbpw GXp tImS-Xn-bn-se¶pw3. FÃm I£n-I-fp-sSbpw t]cpw hnem-khpw4. lmP-cm-Im³ \nÀt±-in-¨n-cn-¡p¶ XobXn

kÀ¡m-cns\ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-¡p¶ No^v sk{I-«-dntbm atä-sX-¦nepw hIp¸p sk{I-«-dntbm I£n tNÀ¡-s -«n-«p-s-¦nÂ,Xmsg¯«n-epÅ DtZym-K-Ø³ X¿m-dm-¡p¶ ]{Xn-I (-tÌ-ävsaâv Hm^v ^mIvkv) If-IvSÀ aptJ\ kÀ¡m-cn-tebv¡v Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡-Ww. \nba hIp-¸nsâ ]cn-tim-[-\-¡p-tijw kÀ¡mÀ AXv AwKo-I-cn¨v / t`Z-KXn sNbvXv \ÂIp-¶-Xm-Wv.

]{Xn-Ibpw kXy-hm-Mvaqehpw H¸p-h-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn Hcp DtZym-K-Øs\ kÀ¡mÀ h¡o-ensâ Hm^o-kn-tebv¡v tcJm-aqewNpa-X-e-s¸-Sp¯n Ab-t¡--Xp-v. Snbm³ kÀ¡mÀ AwKo-I-cn¨v ]{Xn-I-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ tImS-Xn-bnÂ kaÀ¸n-¡m-\pÅtcJIÄ X¿m-dm-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ h¡o-ens\ klm-bn-t¡-Xpw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ IqSp-XÂ hnh-c-§fpw \nÀt±-i-§fpw \ÂIm³_m²y-Ø-\m-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-am-Wv. tIkv \S-¯n-¸nsâ FÃm L«-¯nepw \S-]-Sn-IÄ {i²m-]qÀÆw \nco-£n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw kÀ¡mÀXmÂ]cyw kwc-£n-¡m³ Imcy-£-a-ambn bXv\n-¡m\pw Sn \nbpà DtZym-K-Ø\pw kÀ¡mÀ h¡o-en\pw kwbpà D¯-c-hm-Zn¯w Dm-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

PnÃm-Xe DtZym-K-Ø-sâtbm hIp¸p Xe-h-sâtbm AsÃ-¦nÂ Hcp kt_mÀUn-t\äv DtZym-K-Ø-sâtbm {]hr¯n _lp.sslt¡m-S-Xn-bnÂ Hcp knhnÂ \S-]-Sn-bntem dn«v -s]-äo-j-\ntem tNmZyw sN¿-s -Sp-Ibpw AtX-k-abw Hcp Hu]-Nm-cnI I£nF¶ \ne-bnÂ kÀ¡mÀ I£n tNÀ¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw BsW-¦nÂ ]{XnI X¿m-dm-¡p-I, tIkns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡pI F¶nh Cu



hI DtZym-K-Ø-·m-cp-sS D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-am-Ip-¶p. Iogp-tZym-K-Ø-cp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v taÂ]-dª DtZym-K-ØÀ s]äo-j-\nse FÃmBh-em-Xn-IÄ¡pw JWvUn-Im-\p-kr-X-ambn adp-]Sn X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

]{XnI X¿m-dm-¡p-t¼mÄ s]äo-j-\nse Hcp kwK-Xnbv¡pw adp-]Sn \ÂIm³ hn«p-t]m-bnÃ F¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯n-s¡m-Å-Ww.adp-]Sn hyàhpw hni-Zhpambn-cn-¡-Ww. Hcp JWvUn-I-bnÂ sImSp¯ adp-]-Sn¡v hncp-²-ambn asäm-cn-S¯v adp-]Sn \ÂIm³]mSn-Ã. ]cm-Xn-bnse Hcp JWvUn-I-bnse Bh-emXn asämcp JWvUn-I-bnÂ BhÀ¯n-¨mepw JWvUn-Im-\p-kr-X-ambn shtÆsdadp-]Sn \ÂI-Ww. “ap³ JWvUn-I-bn-se-t¸mse”, “t\cs¯ ]d-ªn-«p-v”, “A`n-{]mbw H¶pw CÃ” CXymZn Hgp-¡³ adp-]Sn Fgp-X-cp-Xv. icnbpw hkvXp-Xm-]-c-ambn Bh-iy-ap-Å-Xp-amb Imcy-§Ä am{Xta ]{Xn-I-bnÂ Fgp-Xm-hq. Bh-iy-amb FÃm tcJ-Ifpw{]am-W-§fpw AUz-t¡äv P\-d-en\v / kÀ¡mÀ h¡o-en\v ]{Xn-I-bvs¡m¸w F¯n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡-Ww. FXnÀ kXy-hm-Mvaqew / {]Xn-hmZ ]{XnI X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xn\pw tIkp \S- n- n-s\-¸än NÀ¨ sN¿m\pw h¡o-em-^o-kn-tebv¡v t]mIp¶ DtZym-K-Ø³ B tIknsâFÃm Imcy-§fpw ]Tn- n-cn-¡-Ww. kXy-hm-Mvaqew/ ]{XnI H¸p-h-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ap¼v Sn DtZym-K-Ø³ AXv hyà-ambn hmbn¨p a\-Ên-em-¡nbn-cn-¡Ww.

Iogv tImS-Xn-I-fnÂ tIkv \S-¯p-t¼mÄ kÀ¡mÀ mK-¯p-\n¶pw sXfn-hp-IÄ lmP-cm-¡p-¶-Xn\pw km£n-hn-kvXm-c-¯n\pwDtZym-K-Ø³amÀ bmsXmcp hogvNbpw hcmsX {i²n-t¡--Xp-v. tIkv tI«v Xocp-am-\-am-bmÂ kÀ¡mÀ h¡oÂ aptJ\ hn[n]IÀ¸v hm§p-¶-Xn\pw A¸oÂ km²yX FgpXn hm§p-¶-Xn\pw lmP-cm-¡nb dnt¡mÀUp-IÄ aS¡n hm§p-¶-Xn\pw Sn DtZym-K-Ø³ _m²y-Ø-\m-Wv. A¸o-en\p km²y-X-bn-sÃ-¶m-sW-¦nÂ Un{In \nd-th-äp-¶-Xn\v/ hn[n \S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\v \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡-Ww.

tImSXn \S-]-Sn-IÄ (Xp-SÀ¨)

(A-[nI hmb-\-bv¡v)

dh\yq c-W-kw-hn-[m\w ]p\-Êw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xnsâ mK-ambn GXm\pw hÀj-§Ä¡p-ap¼v FÃm Ie-Ivt{S-äp-I-fnepw HcpXl-koÂZmÀ/ ko\n-bÀ kq{]-nsâ taÂt\m-«-¯nÂ Bcw-`n¨ kyq«v skÂ IqSp-XÂ iàn-s -Sp-¯p-¶-Xnsâ `mK-ambn Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cw, sImÃw, Be-¸p-g, CSp-¡n, Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, ]me-¡m-Sv, tImgn-t¡m-Sv, ImkÀtKmUv F¶o Ie-Ivt{S-äp-I-fnÂ \nb-a-h-Ip-¸nse Hmtcm sU]yq«n sk{I-«-dn-amsc \nb-an-¨p. kyq«v skÃnsâ Npa-Xe C\n-taÂ ChÀ¡m-bn-cn-¡pw. 2010 Pqsse 9 \p dh\yqhIp- nÂ \n¶pw ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨ (Fw.-F-kv.)277/2010/BÀ.-Un. F¶ kÀ¡mÀ D¯-c-hn-emWv C¡mcyw {]Xn-]m-Zn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

Cu D¯-c-hp-{]-Imcw Sn sU]yq«n sk{I-«-dnbpsS HutZym-Kn-I-\maw Unkv{SnIvSv em Hm^o-kÀ (Un.-FÂ.-Hm.) F¶v Bbn-cn-¡pw.

Un.-FÂ.-Hm. bv¡v Xmsg-¸-d-bp¶ Npa-X-e-Ifpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-§fpw GÂ¸n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯n-«p-ap-v.

1. kÀ¡mtcm PnÃm A[n-Im-cntbm I£n-bmb FÃm tImS-Xn-t¡-kp-I-fnepw kÀ¡mÀ XmÂ]cyw kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw kÀ¡m-cn-\p-m-Im-hp¶ sNe-hp-Ifpw \jvS-§fpw Ipd-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ambn A¯cw tIkp-IÄ t\m¡n-\-S-t¯-Xv Un.-FÂ.-HmBWv.

2. PnÃm Ie-IvSÀ d^À sN¿p¶ FÃm \nb-a-{]-iv\-§-fnepw D]-tZiw \ÂIm³ Un.-FÂ.-Hm Npa-X-es¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p. d^ÀsN¿p¶Xn\p-ap¼v GsXms¡ kwK-Xn-I-fn-emWv D]-tZiw tXSp-¶-sX¶v ^b-enÂ hyà-ambn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡-Ww.F¶mÂ Xmsg-¸-d-bp¶ kml-N-cy-§-fnÂ D]-tZiw \ÂIm³ Un.-FÂ.Hm _m²y-Ø-\-Ã.(1) `c-W-hn-`mKw Xs¶ Xocp-am-\n-t¡ kwK-Xn-IÄ(2) hIp- p-Xe DtZym-K-Ø-·mÀ¡p-Xs¶ ]cn-Úm-\-apÅ Un¸mÀ«p-saâÂ am\p-hÂ, \S-]-Sn-{I-a-§-Ä, D]-\n-b-a-§ÄapX-em-b-h-bnÂ hcp¶ hnj-b-§Ä(3) BÀ_n-t{S-äÀ, A¼-bÀ apX-emb Øm\-§-fnÂ DtZym-K-Ø-·mÀ {]hÀ¯n-¡p-t¼mÄ Dm-Im-hp¶ {]iv\-§Ä(4) \nb-a-{]-Im-c-apÅ hnth-N-\m-[n-Imcw {]tbm-Kn-t¡ kµÀ`-§Ä(5) hnh-cm-h-Im-i-\n-b-a- n³ IognÂ hcp¶ kwK-Xn-IÄ(6) km¦Â]nI kwK-Xn-IÄ

3 _Ô-s¸« sk£-\nÂ X¿m-dm-¡p¶ ]{XnI (tÌävsaâv Hm^v ^mIvävkv) \nb-a-Im-cy-§Ä ]cn-tim-[n-¨p-d-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-\mbn Un.-FÂ.-Hm.bv¡p \ÂIp-¶-Xn\p ap¼mbn `c-W-]-c-amb Imcy-§Ä (_Ô-s¸« sk£-\nse) DtZym-K-Ø-·mÀ ]cn-



tim-[n-¨n-cn-t¡-Xpw AXv Un.-FÂ.-Hmbv¡p e`n-¡p-t¼mÄ At±lw (\nb-a-h-Ip-¸nsâ) 22.6.2009 se 7812/_n3/2009F¶ kÀ¡p-e-dnsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ AXp ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn¨ ]{XnI bYm-k-abw Kh-s×âv ¹oU-dpsS/AUz-s¡äv P\-d-ensâ ]¡Â F¯p-¶p-sh¶pw Bh-iy-amb ]{XnI / A^n-U-hnäv tImS-Xn-bnÂ ^bÂ sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶p-sh¶pw Dd-¸m-t¡--Xp-am-Wv.

4 (\nb-a-h-Ip-¸nsâ) 22.6.2009 se 7812/_n3/2009 F¶ kÀ¡p-e-dnsâ ASn-Øm-\- nÂ FÂ.-G.-d- -d³kv, sI.-FÂ.-kn.,`qan-]-Xn-hv, dh\yq dn¡-hdn XpS-§nb tIkp-I-fpsS \S-¯n- nÂ Un.-FÂ.-Hm {]tXyIw Pm{KX ]men-¡-Ww. icn-bmb]{XnIbpw A^n-U-hnäpw tImS-Xn-bnÂ bÂ sN¿p-¶-Xn\pw FÂ.-G.-B-IvSnsâ hIp¸v 28 G {]Im-c-apÅ At]£bpsS]cn-tim-[-\-bnepw FÂ.-G.-d-^-d³kv hn[n-I-fnÂ A¸oÂ ^bÂ sNbvXn-«n-Ãm¯ tIkp-I-fnÂ bYm-k-abw Un{In-¯pIsI«n-h¨v FIvkn-Iyq-j³ s]äo-j³ Hgn-hm-¡m\pw {i²n-¡-Ww.

5 tImS-Xn-b-e-£y-t¡kpIfnÂ bYm-k-abw XpSÀ\-S-]SnsbSp-¡-Ww.

6 sslt¡m-S-Xn-bntem kp{]ow tImS-Xn-bntem A¸oÂ bÂ sN¿p-¶-Xn-\mbn PnÃm Ie-IvStdm Iogp-tZym-K-Ø-·mtcm AUz-s¡äv P\-d-ensâ \nb-tam-]-tZ-i-¯n-\mbn Bh-iy-s -«mÂ (\nb-a-h-Ip-¸nsâ) 29.11.2008 se 19266/_n3/2008 F¶ kÀ¡p-eÀ {]Imcw sk{I-«-dn-b-änse `c-W-h-Ip-¸nÂ\n¶pw bpà-amb D¯-c-hp-IÄ e`y-am-¡-Ww.

7 (\nb-a-h-Ip-¸nsâ) 15.1.2010 se 22148/_n3/09 F¶ kÀ¡p-eÀ {]Imcw A¸oepw kvs]jyÂ eohv s]äo-j\pw ^bÂsN¿p-¶-Xn-epÅ Ime-Xm-akw XoÀ¨-bmbpw Hgn-hm-¡-Ww. Ie-Ivt{S-än-sebpw k_v Hmô-kp-I-fn-sebpw kyq«v cPn-ÌÀ Ie-Ivt{S-äp kyq«v skÃnse ko\n-bÀ kq{]v aptJ\ Un.-FÂ.-Hm bv¡v ]cn-tim-[-\bv¡v kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww. Ie-Ivt{S-äp kyq«vskÃnsâ {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä Un.-FÂ.-Hm {Iao-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw FÃm tImS-Xn-t¡kv hnh-c-§Ä¡pw I¼yq-«-ssdkvUv tamWn-«-dnMv GÀs¸-Sp¯n XpSÀ\-S-]-Sn-IÄ Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-am-Wv..

8 1978 se tIcf Kh-s×âv em Hmô-tkgvkv (\n-b-a-\hpw tkh-\-hy-h-Ø-Ifpw tIkp-\-S-¯n-¸pw)-dqÄknsâ A©mw A\p-_-Ô-¯nÂ \nÀt±-in-¡p¶ kyq«v t\m«okv cPn-ÌÀ Ie-Ivt{S-äp kyq«v skÃnÂ h¨p-t]m-tc--Xm-Wv.

9 tImS-Xnbp¯-c-hpv \S-¸m-¡Â \nco-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn tImS-Xn-b-e-£y-t¡kpIfpsS/ tImS-Xnbp¯-c-hpv \S-¸m-¡ensâHcp cPn-ÌÀ Ie-Ivt{S-äp kyq«v skÃnÂ kq£n-t¡-Xpw AXv ka-b-_-Ôn-X-ambn Un.-FÂ.-Hm ]cn-tim-[n-t¡--Xp-am-Wv.Cu cPn-ÌÀ icn-bmbn X¿m-dm¡n kq£n-¡p-¶p-s¶pw hogvN-IÄ ImÂ \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p-s¶pw kyq«v skÃnseko\n-bÀ kq{]v Dd-¸p-h-cp-t¯--Xp-v.

10 FÂ.-G.-d- -d³kv, tImS-Xn-b-e-£yw, dh\yq dn¡-hdn XpS-§nb tIkp-I-fnÂ Kh-s×âv ]vfoUÀ/AUz-s¡äv P\-dÂ F¶n-h-cp-ambn Un.-FÂ.-Hm ]Xn-hmbn _Ô-s¸«v sImn-cn-¡-Ww. kÀ¡m-cn-tebv¡v henb XpI-IÄ hkq-em-Im-\pÅ tIkp-I-fnÂ {]tXyIw {i² h¨p-t]m-tc--Xm-Wv.

11 kÀ¡mtcm PnÃm A[n-Im-cntbm I£n-bmb FÃm tImS-Xn-t¡-kp-I-fpsSbpw ]ptcm-KXn ]cn-tim-[n-¡m-\pÅ {]Xn-amktbmKw Un.-FÂ.-Hm I¬ho-\-dmbn PnÃm Ie-IvSdpsS A²y-£-X-bnÂ B PnÃ-bnse FÃm PnÃm-Xe DtZym-K-Ø-·m-scbpwtNÀ¯v IqtS--Xm-Wv.

Unkv{SnIvSv em Hmô-kÀ (Un.-FÂ.-Hm.) PnÃm Ie-IvSdpsS t\cn-«pÅ \nb-{´-W- n-em-bn-cn¡pw. sU]yq«n Ie-IvSÀamcpwkyq«v skÃnse ko\n-bÀ kq{]pw tImS-Xn-t¡kv kw_-Ôn¨ ^b-ep-Ifpw X]m-ep-Ifpw Un.-FÂ.-Hm aptJ\ thWw PnÃm Ie-IvSÀ¡v Ab-bvt¡--Xv.

PnÃm-t¡m-S-Xn, AUo-j-WÂ PnÃm-t¡m-S-Xn, k_v tImSXn F¶n-hn-S-§-fnse Kh-s×âv ¹oUÀamcpsS Hmô-kp-IÄ Un.-FÂ.-Hm.bpsS taÂt\m-«-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡pw.

Unkv{SnIvSv em Hmô-kÀ kyq«v cPn-ÌÀ hÀj-¯n-sem-cn-¡Â em sk{I-«-dn, emâv dh\yq I½o-j-WÀ, dh\yq sk{I-«-dn,F¶n-h-cpsS ]cn-tim-[-\bv¡p \ÂI-Ww. PnÃm Ie-IvSdpsS Iogn-epÅ Hmô-kp-IÄ aq¶p-am-k-¯n-sem-cn-¡-se-¦nepw Un.-FÂ.-Hm ]cn-tim-[n¨v dnt¸mÀ«v PnÃm Ie-IvSÀ aptJ\ em sk{I-«-dn, emâv dh\yq I½o-j-WÀ, dh\yq sk{I-«-dn, F¶n-hÀ¡pw em (tam-Wn-«-dn-Mv) skÃn-tebv¡pw \ÂI-Ww. þ

kyq«p-IÄ, knhnÂ dn«v s]äo-j-\p-IÄ, A¸o-ep-IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS Hcp kwbpà kw{Kl cPn-ÌÀ kyq«v skÃnÂ h¨p-t]m-cWw \nÝn-X-s{]m-t^mÀa-bn-epÅ Hcp kyq«v cPn-ÌÀ Ie-Ivt{S-än-sebpw k_v Hmô-kp-I-fn-sebpw ¢mÀ¡p-amÀ ]ptcm-KXn hnhcwFgp-Xn-t¨À¯v kq£n-t¡--Xp-am-Wv.



\nÝn-X-s{]m-t^mÀa-bn-epÅ Hcp ss{Xam-k-B-\p-Im-en-I-]-{XnI (amÀ¨v 31, Pq¬ 30, sk]vXw-_À 30, Unkw-_À 31) \nb-a-h-Ip-¸nsâ tam-Wn-«-dn-Mv skÃn-tebv¡p PnÃm Ie-IvSÀ \ÂtI--Xp-v. AXp-t]mse s]ânMv tIkp-IÄ kw_-Ôn¨v \nÝn-X-s{]m-t^mÀa-bn-epÅ Hcp kw{K-l- -«nI Pq¬ 30\pw Unkw-_À31 \pw h¨v \ÂI-Ww.

A²ym-bwþ 4

sNbn³ kÀsÆ

SURVEY

GsX¦nepsam¶ns\¸än kq£a\nco£Ww \S¯n hkvXp-\n-jvS-amb FÃm tcJ-Ifpw X¿m-dm¡p¶ \nÀZnjvS ]cn-]m-Sn¡v kÀsh F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

LAND SURVEY

Hcp `qhn-`m-K-¯nsâ icn-bmb cq]w Npcp-§nb tXmXnÂ t]¸-dnÂ hc¨p-m-¡p-¶-Xn\pw B `qhn-`m-K-¯nÂ¡mWp¶ØnXn Øm]I NnÓ-§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯p-¶-Xn\pw thn imkv{Xo-b-amb coXn-bnÂ Af-hp-IÄ Af-s¶-Sp¯v dn¡mÀUpIÄX¿m-dm-¡p¶ k{¼-Zm-b-amWv LAND SURVEY

kÀsh sN¿p-¶-Xn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ D]-I-c-W-§sf ASn-Øm-\-am¡n LAND SURVEY A©mbn Xncn- n-«p-v.

1. Theodolite Survey

2. Chain Survey

3. Compass Survey

4. Plane Table Survey

5. Levelling Survey

Revenue Survey or Cadastrtal Survey

Hcp `qhn-`m-K-¯nsâ icn-bmb cq]w Hä t\m«-¯nÂ ImW¯¡ hn[w Npcp§nb tXmXnÂ t]¸-dnÂ hc¨p-m-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ØnXn Øm]I NnÓ-§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯p-¶-Xn\pw hnkvXoÀ®w IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Bh-iy-amb Af-hp-IÄ FSp-¡p¶k{¼-Zm-bs¯ dh\yp kÀsÆ AsÃ-¦nÂ IUm-kv{SÂ kÀsÆ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

dh\yp kÀsÆbpsS Dt±-i-§ÄHmtcm hkvXp-hn-s\-bpw ]Xnhv, X-cn-iv, ]pd-t¼m¡v, ssIh-im-h-Im-iw, aäp _Ô-s¸« dn¡mÀUp-IÄ F¶nhbv¡\pk-c-W-

ambn AXnÀ¯n Xncn¨v Ønc-amb kÀsÆ ASbmf§Ä Øm]n-¨-tijw Af-hp-IÄ FSp¯v dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm¡n kq£n¡pIbpwhnkvXoÀ®w Xn«-s -Sp-¯p-I-bp-amWv dh\yp kÀsÆ sImp-t±-in-¡p-¶-Xv.

dh\yp kÀsÆ-bnÂ Xntbm-U-sseäv kÀsÆbpw sNbn³ kÀsÆbpw DÄs¸-Sp¶p. cmPym-XnÀ¯nbpw dh\yp `c-W- nsâkuI-cy-¯n-\mbn hn -Pn-¡-s¸-«n«pÅ PnÃ, Xmeq-¡v, hntÃPv F¶n-h-bpsS AXnÀ¯n-I-fpw Xntbm-U-sseäv sImv kÀsÆ sNbvXn-«p-v. kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUpIÄ X¿m-dm-¡n ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶-Xn\pw dn¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ hcm-hp¶ sXäp-IÄ {IaoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Hmtcm hntÃ-Pn-s\bpw ]e t»m¡p-I-fmbpw t»m¡p-Isf ]e JWvU-§-fmbpw Xncn¨v Xntbm-U-sseäv sImp kÀsÆsNbvXp hcp-¶p.

UoamÀt¡j³

`qan-bpsS C\w, Xcw, ssIh-iw, _Ô-s¸« dn¡mÀUp-IÄ apX-embh ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp¯n hkvXp-¡Ä ]c-kv]cw thÀXn-cn¨v AXnÀ¯n-I-fnÂ Bh-iy-amb `mK¯v \nÝnX coXn-bn-epw hep-¸-¯n-ep-apÅ kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xns\UoamÀt¡j³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

UoamÀt¡äv sN¿p-t¼mÄ {i²n-t¡ kwK-Xn-IÄ

1. Hcp kÀsÆ ^oÂUv \ne-am-sW-¦nÂ 2 slIvSdpw ]pc-bn-S-am-sW¦nÂ 4 slIvSdpw hc-¯-¡-hn[w UoamÀt¡äv sN¿Ww

2. Hcp kÀsÆ ^oÂUnÂ 15 k_vUnhn-j-\nÂ IqSp-XÂ hcm³ ]mSn-Ã.

3. \nehpw ]pc-bn-S-hpw H-cm-fnsâ hI-bm-sW-¦nÂ t]mepw H¶n¨p tNÀ¯v UoamÀt¡äv sN¿-cpXv



4. 10 aoä-dnÂ IqSp-XÂ hoXn hcp¶ tdmUv, tXmSv apX-emb 100 apXÂ 150 aoäÀ hsc \of-¯nÂ {]tXyIw kÀsÆ ôÂUp-I-fm¡n Xncn¨v UoamÀt¡äv sN¿Ww

5. 10 aoä-dn\pw 5 aoä-dn\pw CSbv¡v hoXn hcp-¶h {]tXyIw k_v Unhn-j-\m¡n UoamÀt¡äv sN¿Ww

6. 2.aoä-dnÂ Ipd¨v hoXn hcp-¶h GXp kÀsÆ oÂUnÂ IqSn-t¸m-Ip-¶thm AXnsâ Øm\¯v ØnXn Øm]I NnÓ-¯mÂtcJs¸Sp¯n-bmÂ aXn-bmIpw

7. Hcp hkvXp-hnsâ Awitam GXm\pw Awi-§tfm tNÀ¯v UoamÀt¡äv sN¿m³ ]mSn-Ã.

8. Bbs¡«p ]Xnhv, ]p-Xp-hÂ ]Xnhv, ]pd-t¼m¡v F¶n-§s\ hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ hkvXp-¡Ä {]tXyIw Xncn¨v UoamÀt¡ävsN¿Ww

9. A[nIw Irjn-bn-Ãm-¯Xpw IrXy-amb AXnÀ¯nbnÃm¯Xpam-b `qan, hkvXp DS-a-Ø-cpsS A\p-a-Xn-tbmSv IqSn \ne-am-sW-¦nÂ 4 sUkn aoädpw ]pc-bn-S-am-sW-¦nÂ 6 sUkn-ao-ädpw DÅnÂ hcp¶ hf-hp-IÄ Ah-K-Wn¨v hnkvXoÀ® hyXym-kw hcm-¯-hn[w AXnÀ¯n t\sc-bm¡n UoamÀt¡äv sN¿Ww

10. AXnÀ¯n-I-fnÂ Øm]n-¡p¶ kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä \nÝnX coXnbnepw hep- -¯n-ep-ap-Å-Xm-bn-cn¡Ww.

11. _Ô-s¸« Hmô-k-dp-sS {]tXyI A\p-aXn IqSmsX \ne-hn-epÅ dh\yp oÂUv F{X Xs¶ hep-Xm-bn-cp-¶mepw k_vUn-hn-j³ sN¿m³ ]mSn-Ã.

12. sdbnÂth `qan UoamÀt¡äv sN¿p-t¼mÄ _Ô-s¸« sdbnÂth DtZym-K-Ø³amcp-ambn Btem-Nn-¡p-Ibpw sdbnÂthbv¡pthn X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«pÅ ¹m\p-I-fpsS tIm¸n lmP-cm-¡m³ Bh-iy-s -Sp-Ibpw thWw

13. dnskÀÆvUv t^mdÌv, ]n.-U-»n-bq.Un ]pd-t¼m¡v XpS-§nb Øe-§Ä UoamÀt¡äv sN¿p¶Xn\p ap¼mbn Sn `qan-bpsSAXnÀ¯n ImWn¨p Xcm³ Bhiy-s -«psImv kÀsÆ Hmô-kÀ t\m«okv sImSp-t¡--Xm-Wv. C§s\ hcp¶ DtZym-K-Ø³amÀ Ah-cpsS Øe-¯nsâ UoamÀt¡jsâ IrXy-Xsb¸än km£y-s¸-Sp-t¯--Xpw B kÀ«n^n¡äv, dn¡mÀUp-I-tfm-sSm¸w ^b-enÂ kq£n-t¡--Xpam-Wv.

Cross Staff ]cn-tim-[n-¡p¶ hn[w.

Cross staffþsâ Xmc-IÄ ]c-kv]cw ew_-§-fmtWm F¶-dn-bm³ thn-bmWv AXv ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xv. Cross staff, ka-\n-c-¸mb Øe¯v ew_ambn-\m-«p-I. AXnsâ Xmc-IÄ¡v ‘a’ F¶pw ‘b’ F¶pw t]cp-sImSp¡p-I. ‘a’ F¶ Xmc-bn-eqsS t\m¡nDt±iw 60 aoäÀ AIse ‘A’ F¶v sImSn hbv¡p-I. AtX Xmc-hgn FXnÀ hit¯¡p t\m¡n Dt±iw 60 aoäÀ AIse ‘B’F¶sImSn hbv¡p-I. ‘b’ F¶ XmcbneqsS t\m¡n ap³]-dª AIe¯nÂ c F¶ sImSn hbv¡pI. Ct¸mÄ sImSnIÄ aqs¶®wDm-bn-cn¡pw. Cross staff \v Øm\ Ne\w hcp-¯msX AXnsâ I« ImÂ`mKw Xncn¨v ‘ b’ F¶ Xmc-hgn A,B sImSnIsft\m¡p-I. AXn-\p-tijw ‘a’ F¶ Xmc-hgn c sImSn ImWm³ Ign-bptam F¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I. ImWp¶psh¦nÂ Cross staff

icn-bm-sW¶pw AÃm¯ ]£w sXämsW¶pw A\p-am-\n-¡mw.

sXämb Cross staff D]tbm-Kn¨v icn-bmb offset FSp-¡p¶ hn[w.

sXämb Cross staff D]tbmKn¨v A,B sse\nÂ \n¶v c bv¡v offset FSp-¡p-I. Cross point ‘D’ F¶n-cn-¡-s«.- A-Xn-\p-tijw ‘C’ sImSn ImWm-\p-]-tbm-Kn¨ Xmc-hgn A,B sImSnIsf t\m¡n, A,B sImSnIsf ImWm-\p-]-tbm-Kn¨ Xmc-hgn ‘C’ sImSnImWm³ Ign-bptam F¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I. sXämb Cross staff Bb-Xn-\m³ C sImSn ImWm³ Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. C sImSn ImW-¯¡ hn[w A,B line-Â Hcp t]mbnâp ImWp-I. AXv E F¶n-cn-¡s«. DE Zqcw Af¶v AXnsâ a²y-_nµp F ImWp-I. FC Zqc-am-bn-cn¡pw AB line Â\n¶v C bv¡v offset FSp-¯mÂ In«p¶ icn-bmb offset distance.

F. M. SKETCH X¿m-dm-¡p¶ hn[w

kÀsÆ sN¿p¶ Hmtcm ôÂUn-t\bpw `qan-bnÂ \n¶pw FSp-¯n-«pÅ eye sketch-sâ klm-bt¯msS imkv{Xob-ambcoXn-bnÂ scale A\pkcn¨v plot sN¿p¶ sketch-s\ Field Measurement sketch F¶p-]-d-bp-¶p.

F. M sketch X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xn\v 34 cm \ofhpw 27cm hoXn-bp-apÅ drawing paper BWv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶Xv. CXnsâapIÄ`mKw 4 cm, Xmsg 3 cm, CXp-h-i-§fpw 2 cm hoXhpw hn«v boarder linesImSp¡-Ww. Boarder line aptJ\ Dm-Ip¶ mK-¯nsâ a²y¯v sketch hc-¯¡ hn[w plot sNt¿--Xm-Wv. Field sâ Zn¡-\p-k-cn-¨p-Xs¶ sketch plot sN¿-Ww.

50 BÀ hscbpÅ oÂUp-Isf 1 sk.ao = 5 ao. F¶ tXmXnepw 50 BÀ apXÂ 2 slIvSmÀ hscbpÅ ôÂUp-Isf 1sk.-ao.= 10 ao. F¶ tXmXnepw 2 sl. apXÂ 4 slIvSÀ hsc-bpÅ ôÂUp-Isf 1 sk.-ao. = 20 ao. F¶ tXmXnepw AXnÂ¡pSp-XÂ hnkvXoÀ®w hcp¶ ôÂUp-Isf 1 sk.-ao.= 50 ao. F¶ tXmXnepamWv hc-t¡--Xv.

Pn sse\p-IÄ, sN¡v sse\p-IÄ F¶n-h-bm-ep-m-Ip¶ {][m\ {Sbm-¦n-fp-IÄ BZyw hc-bv¡-Ww. Cu sse\p-I-fnÂ\n¶pÅ Hm^vsk-äp-IÄ AXmXp sse\nsâ ôÂUp-_p¡p t\m¡n kvsIbnepw _näpw D]tbmKn¨v th hn[¯nÂ t¹m«v



sN¿-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw sF kvsI¨v t\m¡n Npä-Xn-cp-I-f-tSbpw k_vv Unhn-j³ AXn-cp-I-fp-tSbpw InS¸v kq£va-X-tbmsS a\-Ên-em¡n tNÀ¨-bv¡-\p-k-cn¨v hc-¨v tbmPn-¸n-¡-Ww. AtXm-sSm¸w sF kvsI¨nÂ tcJ-s -Sp-¯n-bn-SpÅ Af-hp-Ifpw t¹m«vsNbvX-t¸mÄ In«nb Af-hp-Ifpw X½nÂ H¯p-tN-cp-¶ptm F¶pw ]cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww. C{]Imcw AXnÀ¯n sse\p-IÄ s]³knÂapJm-ńcw tbmPn-¸n-¨p-I-gn-ªmÂ qan-bnÂ \ns¶-Sp-¯n-«pÅ Hm^v skäp-I-sfmgnsI asäÃm Af-hp-Ifpw Xmsg-¸-d-bp¶ {]ImcwFgp-tX--Xm-Wv.

t\sc sX¡p hS-¡mbn ]nSn v Af-hp-IÄ CS-¯p-\n¶pw he-t¯m«pw sse\p-I-fpsS Af-hp-IÄ Xmsg-\n¶pw apI-fnte¡pwaäp Ncnª sse\p-IfpsS Af-hp-IÄ Ffp-¸-¯nÂ hmbn-¡p-¶-Xn\v Ah-bpsS Ncnh\p-k-cn¨pw Fgp-tX--Xm-Wv. ôÂUv_udn sse\n-sâ Af-hp-IÄ AXnÀ¯n¡p shfn-bn-embn sse\n\p kam-´-c-ambn sse\nsâ a[y- m-K¯v Fgp-XWw. k_vUn-hn-j³ sse\nsâ Af-hpIÄ k_vUn-hn-jsâ AIt¯m ]pdt¯m kuIcyw t]mse Fgp-Xm-hp-¶Xpw F¶mÂ narrow sub

division sâ Af-hpIÄ k_vUn-hn-jsâ ]pd¯pXs¶ Fgp-tX--Xp-am-Wv. GsX-¦nepw sse\nÂ ]mÀ«-f-hp-IÄ Dm-bn-cp-¶mÂ ]mÀ«-f-hp-IÄ AXmXp ]mÀ«nsâ DÅnÂ a²y-`m-K-¯mbpw sam¯w Afhv sse\nsâ ]pd¯v a²y-`m-K-¯mbpw Fgp-XWw.Pn sse³, sN¡v sse³ F-¶n-h-bpsS Af-hp-IÄ sse³ Ah-km-\n-¡p¶ {Ia-¯nÂ AXmXp sse\nsâ a²y-`m-KwIgnªvsse\nÂ¯s¶ {_m¡äv sImSp¯v Fgp-X-Ww.

s]³knÂ sImp hc-¨p-X-¿m-dm-¡nb kvsI¨nse Hmtcm sse\pw {UmbnMv s]¶pw ]mc-eÂ dqfdpw D]-tbm-Kn¨v 0.5 an.-ao. hoXn-bnÂ Idp¯ ajn-bnÂ hc-bv¡-Ww. k_vUnhn-j³ sse\p-IÄ CXn-t\-¡mÄ hoXn-Ip-d¨v hc-t¡--Xm-Wv.- Pn sse³,sN¡v sse³ F-¶nh hc-bv¡p-t¼mÄ AXnÀ¯n sse³ apdn-bm-sXbpw Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p¶ Af-hp-IÄ sh«n-t¸m-Im-sXbpw kq£n-¡-Ww. ASp¯ kÀtÆ \¼À Xncn-ªp-t]m-Ip¶ Zni kqNn-¸n-¡p¶ PwKvj³ sse\p-IÄ 2 cm \of-¯nÂ 0.5 cm hoXn-bnÂeye sketch se Zni A\p-k-cn¨v Idp-¯- a-jn-sImv hc-t¡--Xm-Wv. s_âpIÄ IrXy-ambn tbmPn-¸n-¡Ww. F.M Sketch ÂZn¡p-Im-Wn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn bmsXmcp NnÓhpw hc¨p ImWn-t¡--XnÃ. sketch hc-¨p-m-¡n-bn-«pÅ page sâ ØnXn¡-\p-kr-X-ambn Zn¡v \nÝ-bn-¡-s -Sp-¶p.

sketch sâ he-Xp-h-i¯v Boarder sse\n-\p-Ån-embn sse\nÂ sXm«v 5 tImf-§Ä hc¨v Xmsg\n¶pw apI-fn-te¡v`wKnbmbn field book Fgp-XWw. ôÂUp-_p-¡nsâ Hmtcm tImf-¯n\pw C\n- -d-bp¶ {Ia- nÂ hoXn-bp-m-bncn-¡Ww.

a²y- m-K¯v chain line sâ \of-sa-gp-Xm-\pÅ tImf-¯n\v 2 cm AXnsâ Ccp-h-i-§-fn-embn Hm^vskäv Zqcw Fgp-Xm-\pÅtImf-¯n\v 1 cm hoXw, AXnsâ Ccp-h-i-§-fnepw (c--ä¯pw) Hm^vskäv \¼À Fgp-Xm-\pÅ tImf-¯n\v 1/2 cm hoXw. Hmtcmhcnbv¡pw 1/2 cm hoXn Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww. Hm^vskäv \¼À Fgp-Xm-\pÅ H¶m-as¯ tImf-¯nsâ hes¯ line Dw 5-þmas¯tImf-¯nsâ CSt¯ sse\pw Nph¶ ajn-bnÂ hc-bv¡-Ww. Offset \¼-cp-IÄ 1,2,3 F¶ {Ia- nÂ Nph¶ ajn-bnÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww. Field Book Â sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ {Ia- nÂ¯s¶ sketch epw Nph¶ ajnsImv offset number IÄ sImSp-¡-Ww.ôÂUp _u-dn-¡pÅ offset \¼-cp-IÄ sketchþÂ ôÂUn\p ]pd-¯mbpw k_vUn-hn-jsâ offset \¼-cp-IÄ k_vUn-hn-jsâ AIt¯m ]pdt¯m kuIcyw t]msebpw NcnbmsX sImSp-¡-Ww. sskUn-epÅ kÀsÆ \¼-dp-IÄ AXmXv PwKvj-\p-I-fpsS a²y-`m-K-¯mbn sketch Â \n¶pw Aev]w AIse Ncn-bmsX Fgp-X-Ww. k_vUn-hn-j³ \¼-dp-IÄ AXmXp k_vUn-hn-jsâ a²y- m-K-¯mbn Ncn-bmsX Fgp-X-Ww.

amÀPn³ sse\nsâ shfn-bn-embn apIÄ`mK¯v CS-Xp-h-iw tNÀ¶v PnÃm Xmeq¡v F¶n-hbpw he-Xp- m-K¯v t»m¡v \¼À,hntÃPv, hnkvXoÀ®w F¶n-hbpw a²y-`m-K¯v ôÂUp \¼À (kÀsÆ \¼À) F¶n-hbpw Fgp-X-Ww. Xmsg t_mÀUÀ sse\n\pshfn-bnÂ he-Xp-h-i¯v kÀsÆ sNbvXv sketch X¿m-dm-¡nb DtZym-K-Øsâ t]cpw H¸pw Xob-Xnbpw a²y- m-K¯v plot sN¿m³D]-tbm-Kn¨ tXmXpw Fgp-X-Ww.

k_vUn-hn-j³ ôÂUm-sW-¦nÂ sketch\p apIfnÂ he-Xp-h-i¯v t_mÀUÀ sse\n-\p-Ån-embn Area column hc¨vHmtcm k_vUn-hn-jsâbpw hnkvXoÀ®hpw sam¯ hnkvXoÀ®hpw Fgp-X-Ww. ôÂUv \¼À, k_vUn-hn-j³ \¼À F¶n-hIdp¯ ajn-bnepw hnkvXoÀ®w pencil D]-tbm-Kn¨pw Fgp-X-Ww.

Nne hni-Zo-I-c-W-¡p-dn- p-IÄ

UoamÀt¡-j³ þ `qan-bpsS C\w, Xcw ssIh-im-h-Imiw apX-em-bh ASn-Øm-\s¸Sp¯n hkvXp-¡-Ä ]c-kv]cw thÀXn-cn¨vAXnÀ¯n-I-fnÂ Bh-iy-am-b- `m-K¯v \nÝn-X-co-Xn-bnepw hep- -¯n-ep-apÅ kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xn\v UoamÀt¡-j³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

CuIz-sse-tk-j³ Hm^v _âvkv þ Hcp `qhn-`mKw kÀsÆ sN¿p-t¼mÄ cp hkvXp-¡-fpsS s]mXp-hmb AXnÀ¯n-bnÂ hcp¶sNdnb s_âp-IÄ Ah-K-Wn¨v (hkvXp DS-a-Ø³am-cpsS A\p-a-Xn-tbm-sS) AXnÀ¯n t\sc-bm¡n kÀsÆ sN¿p-¶-Xns\ CuIz-sse-tk-j³ Hm^v _âvkv F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.



sÌ¸nwKv Bâv seh-enwKv þ dh-\yp kÀsÆbnÂ slmdn-tkm-Â Af-hp-I-fmWv thXv. Ncnhp {]tZ-i-§-fnse slmdn-tkm-ÂAf-hp- In-«p¶Xn\v N§e `mKn-I-ambn DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn¨v DbÀ¶ Øe-¯n\p kaw hc-¯-¡-co-Xn-bnÂ ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn Af-¡p-¶-Xns\ sÌ¸nwKv Bâv seh-enwKv F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.H»nIv Hm^vskäv þ Hcp sse\nÂ \n¶pw Hcp \nÀ±n-jvS t]mbnâ n\v Hm^vskäv FSp-¡m³ Ign-bm¯h®w Hm^vskäv sse\nÂXS-k-§tfm {]kvXpX sse\n\v \of-¡q-Sp-Xtem h¶mÂ sNbn³ sse\nÂ cp t]mbnâp-I-Ä \nÝ-bn¨v AXnÂ \n¶v Hm^vskävt]mbnâ n-te-¡pÅ Af-hp-IÄ Af¶v tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. CXmWv H»nIv Hm^vskäv.

ss_ PwKvj³ þ Hcp Po sse\n³\n¶pw sXm«-Sp¯ s_ân-te¡v Hm^vskäv FSp-¡m³ \nhr¯n-bn-Ãm¯ kml-N-cy-¯ntemHm^vskäv Zqcw 60 aoä-dnÂ IqSp-XÂ hcp¶ kµÀ`¯ntem AXnÀ¯n-bn-epÅ GsX-¦nepsamcp _âns\ PwKvj-\mbn kzoI-cn¨vG line, Check line F¶nh GÀs¸-Sp¯n kÀsÆ sNt¿n hcp-¶p. C§s\ _u-dn-bn-epÅ GsX-¦nepsamcp _âns\PwKvj-\mbn kzoI-cn-t¡n h¶mÂ B PwKvj-\mWv ss_ PwKvj³.

ssS sse³ þ Hcp ôÂUv kÀsÆ sN¿p-t¼mÄ G sse\p-I-fnÂ \nt¶m sN¡v sse\p-I-fnÂ \nt¶m Hm^vsk-sä-Sp-¡m³ Ign-bmsX hcp¶ k_vUn-hn-j³ _âp-IÄ¡v Hm^vskäv FSp-¡p-¶-Xn\p thn AsÃ-¦nÂ atä-sX-¦n-ep-a-f-hp-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n¡p¶-Xn\p thn ôÂUnsâ _udn s_ânÂ \nt¶m ]mÀ«-f-hnÂ\nt¶m FXnÀh-is¯ GsX-¦n-ep-samcp _ân-tet¡m ]mÀ«n-tet¡m AsÃ-¦nÂ ôÂUnÂ GsX-¦n-ep-samcp sse\n-eqÅ t]mbnâ n-tet¡m hnSp¶ sse\mWv Tie line CXv Su¬ kÀsÆ-bnÂ Bh-iy-ambn hcp-¶p.

t{Imkv ]À«Â sse³ þ Hcp JWvUw sNbn³ kÀsÆ coXn {]Imcw kÀsÆ sNbvX tijw JWvU-¯nsâ Hcp hi-¯pÅ Xntbm-U-sseäv tÌmWn-tet¡m {Smthgvkv sse\nsâ ]mÀ«n-tet¡m asämcp {Smthgvkv tÌj-\nÂ \n¶v Ht¶m AXn-e-[n-Itam sse\p-IÄ GÀs¸-Sp¯n JWvU-¯n-\p-ÅnÂ hcp¶ ôÂUp PwKvj-\p-IÄ¡v Hm^vskäv FSp¯v ôÂUp-_p¡v X¿m-dm-¡p-¶p.(Hm^vskäv Zqcw 100 aoäÀ hsc-bp-Å-Xn\p am{Xw).

C{]-Imcw JWvU-¯n-\p-ÅnÂ IqSn hnSp¶ sse\ns\ t{Imkv ]À«Â sse³ F¶pw ôÂUp-_p¡ns\ t{Imkv ]À«Âsse³ oÂUp-_p¡v F¶pw ]d-bp-¶p. G line,check line F¶nh ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xn\v group sketch X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xn\pw CXvklm-b-I-c-am-Wv. Demarcation sketch - Â Cu line Nph¶ ajn-bnÂ hc-bv¡p-¶p.

sskUv ]À«Â sse³ þ Hcp JWvUw sNbn³ kÀsÆ sNbvX tijw JWvU-¯n\p Npäp-apÅ {Smthgvkv sse\nÂ \n¶v JWvU-¯nsâ _u-dn-bnÂ hcp¶ PwKvj-\p-IÄ¡v Hm^vskäv FSp-¡p-¶p. C¯cw sse\p-IfmWv sskUv ]À«Â sse\pIÄ (Hm-^vskäv Zqcw 60m).I«v sajÀsaâv þ tdmUv, tXmSv apX-em-b narrow field kÀsÆ sNbvXv ¹m³ X¿m-dm-¡p-t¼mÄ AXnsâ BIr-Xn¡v hyXymkw h¶n-«ptm F¶-dn-bp-¶-Xn\pthn ôÂUn-sâ Hcp hi-¯pÅ _ânÂ \n¶pw asämcp _ân-te¡v sse³ hn«v \ofw Af-s¶-Sp-¡p-¶p. CXns\ I«v sajÀsaâv F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

]mÀ«v sajÀsaâv þ GsX-¦n-epsamc-XnÀ¯n-bnÂ Ht¶m AXn-e-[n-Itam AXnÀ¯n-IÄ h¶p tNÀ¶v sse³ ]e-Xmbn Awin-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ AXnÂ Hmtcm mK- n-sâbpw Af-hns\ part measurement F¶p]d-bp-¶p. ]mÀ«-f-hp-IÄ AXmXp ]mÀ«nsâDÅnÂ a²y`m-K-¯mbpw sam¯w Afhv sse\nsâ ]pd¯v a²y- m-K-¯mbpw Fgp-X-Ww.

kÀsÆ ôÂUv þ AXmXp Ime¯p \ne-hn-epÅ sNbn³kÀsÆ coXn- {]-Im-chpw N«-§Ä¡-\p-k-c-W-ambpw Ht¶m AXn-e-[n-

Itam ssIh-i-§Ä tNÀ¶v kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn AXnÀ¯n-IÄ Xncn-¡p-¶p. C§s\ Xncn-¡-s¸-

Sp¶ Hmtcm `mK-t¯-bpw Hmtcm kÀsÆ ôÂUv F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

kÀsÆ \¼À þ Hdn-Pn-\Â kÀsÆ Ime¯v hkvXp-¡-fpsS C\w, Xcw ssIhiw Ch-b-\p-k-cn¨v \ne-hn-epÅ \nb-a-{]-Imcw

UoamÀt¡-j³ \S¯n kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm¡n hntÃ-P-Sn-Øm-\-¯nÂ kÀsÆ ôÂUn\p sImSp-¡p¶ {Ia-\-¼-

cmWv kÀsÆ \¼À.

dh\yq \¼À þ Hdn-Pn-\Â kÀsÆbv¡p tijw Hmtcm k_vUnhn-j-\nepw GsX-¦nepw Imc-W-h-imÂ H¶n-e-[nIw ssIh-i-§-fp-

m-bmÂ B ssIhi-§Ä \nP-s -Sp-¯p-I,-Icw \nÝ-bn¡pI F¶n-h-bv¡mbn \nb-am-\p-krXw UoamÀt¡-j\pw kÀsÆbpw

\S-¯msX sImSp-¡p¶ \¼-cmWv dh\yp \¼À.

dh\yq ôÂUv þ Htcm dh\yq \¼cpw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-¡p¶ ôÂUns\ dh\yq ôÂUv F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

P³am-h-Imiw þ Hcp hkvXp-hnÂ HcmÄ¡pÅ Øn-c-amb Ah-Im-is¯ B h-kvXp-hn-te-¡pÅ P³am-h-Imiw F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

P³am-h-Im-i-apÅ BfmWv P·n.



]pd-t¼m¡v þ s]mXp-P-\-§-fpsS Bh-iy-¯n-\mbn Hgn-¨n-S-s¸-«n-«p-ÅXpw bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw ]Xn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡m³ ]mSn-Ãm-

¯-Xpw Kh¬saânsâ A[o-\-X-bnÂ¯s¶ Ccn-¡p-¶-Xp-amb hkvXp-¡-fmWv ]pd-t¼m¡v (tdm-Uv, tXmSv, Ipfw).

Xcniv þ Bcp-tSbpw ssIh-i-¯nepw tZl-WvU-¯nepw AÃm-¯Xpw Irjnbv¡v A\p-tbm-Py-am-b-Xpw, kÀ¡m-cnsâ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-

ep-Å-Xpw, Bh-iy-ambn h¶mÂ ]Xn¨psImSp-¡m-hp-¶-Xp-amb `qan-bmWv Xcn-iv.

Io am¸v þ Hcp ssa\À kÀIyq«n-se- FÃm ]Xn-hp-I-sfbpw aäp k_vU-hn-j-\p-I-sfbpw DÄs¸-Sp¯n AXnsâ GI-tZ-i-amb

Øm\w am{Xw ImWn¨p sImv hntÃ-Pm-ô-knÂ hc¨pm¡p¶ sketch.

UnsshUv kvsI¨v þ Hdn-Pn-\Â kÀsÆ Ime¯v k_vUnhnj³ sN¿m-Xn-cp-¶-h skänÂsaâp Ime¯v k_vUnhnj³ sNt¿n

h¶mÂ ap³ kÀsÆ \¼À kvsI¨n-\-I¯v ]pXnb k_vUn-hn-jsâ Øm\w Bh-iy-amb Af-thm-Sp-IqSn IrXy-amb tXmXn-e-

ÃmsX hc-¨p-m-¡p¶XmWv UnsshUv kvsI¨v.

skänÂsaâv k_vUnhnj³ þ Hdn-Pn-\Â kÀsÆ Ime¯v k_vUnhnj³ sN¿m-Xn-cp-¶ Hcp \¼-cnÂ skänÂsaâp Ime¯p

k_vUnhnj³ sNt¿-n-h-¶mÂ B k_vUn-hn-js\ skänÂsaâv k_vUnhnj³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

dnkÀÆv t^mdÌv þ P\-§Ä¡p ]Xn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡msX h\w hIp¸p apJm-ńcw h\-am-bn-Xs¶ kwc-£n¨p t]mcp¶ kÀ¡mÀ

A[o-\-X-bn-ep-Å `qhn-`m-Ks¯ dnkÀÆv t^mdÌv F¶p-]-d-bp-¶p.

P þ h\m-XnÀ¯n-bntem DÅntem Øm]n-¡-s -Sp¶ kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä Imem-´-c-¯nÂ ImSp-]n-Sn¨p aqSp-¶-Xn\pw Cetbm

at®m hoWv ImWm-Xm-Ip-¶-Xn\pw CS-bp-v.-kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä {]-bmkw IqSm-sX-I-p-]n-Sn-¡p-hm³ thn AXn-t\mSv tNÀ¶v

hf-sc-b-[nIw sNdnb IÃp-IÄ sImv ASp-¡n-bn-«pÅ IÂ¡q-¼m-c-amWv P.

Bb-s¡-«p-Im-ew þ BZy-Im-e¯v kÀ¡m-cnsâ {][m\ hcp-am\w `q\n-Ip-Xn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. CXns\ kw_-Ôn¨ IW¡v hyh-Øm-]n-

X-ambn Dm-¡n-b-Xnsâ t]cmWv Bb-s¡-«v. CXv \ne-hn-en-cp¶ Ime-amWv Bb-s¡-«p-Im-ew. A¡m-e¯v ]Xn¨psImSp-¯n«pÅ

hkvXp-IÄ¡v Bb-s¡«v ]Xnhv F¶p ]d-bp-¶p. Ch-bpsS apJy {]amWw HgpIp dn¡mÀUv BWv.

sXm§Â tÌj³ þ hntÃPv _udn, JWvUw _udn apX-em-bh Xntbm-U-sseäv sImv kÀsÆ sN¿p-t¼mÄ Hcp tÌj-\nÂ

\n¶pw ASp¯ tÌj-\n-te¡v line hn«v tImW-f-hp-I-sf-Sp-¡m³ \nhr¯nbnÃm¯ kml-Ncy-¯ntem AsÃ-¦nÂ qan-bpsS ØnXn-

¡-\p-k-c-Wambn AXnÀ¯n Xncn-¡p-t¼mtgm Øm]n-t¡n hcp¶ Xntbm-U-sseäv IÃnsâ `{Z-Xsb ap³ \nÀ¯n ]pg-bp-sSbpw

aäpw _u-dn-bnÂ Øm]n-¡msX ôÂUnsâ DÅn-te¡v Ibän Øm]n-¡p-¶p. C¯cw tÌjs\ sXm§Â tÌj³ F¶p ]d-

bp-¶p.

Town Survey - P\-§Ä Xn§n-¸mÀ¡p-¶ \Kc-§Ä, ap\n-kn-¸m-en-än-IÄ apX-em-bh {XntIm-W-s -Sp¯n kÀsÆ sN¿m³ {]bm-

k-am-b-Xn-\mÂ ssIhi `qan-Isf Dt±iw 4 slIvSÀ hcp¶ t»m¡p-I-fmbn Xncn¨v tdmUv, sNdnb hgn F¶n-h-bn-eqsS Xntbm-U-

sseäv sImv kÀsÆ sN¿p-¶p. C{]-Im-c-apÅ {Smthgvkv sse\nÂ \nt¶m Tie line þÂ \nt¶m FÃm t]mbnâp-IÄ¡pw Hm vskäv

FSp¯v kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡p-¶p.

ssa\À kÀIyq«v (m.c) - ]md-s¡-«p-IÄ, Pem-i-b-§Ä A[nIw hnkvXoÀ®-apÅ `qan sNbn³ kÀsÆ sN¿m³ km[n-¡m¯ aäphkvXp-¡Ä F¶n-h-bpsS AXnÀ¯n Xntbm-U-sseäv sImv kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡p-¶p. Cu `qhn-`m-K-amWv m.c.

do kÀsÆ þ Hcn-¡Â kÀsÆ sNbvXp X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«pÅ dn¡mÀUp-IÄ Ime- -g-¡- mÂ \in-¨p-t]m-hp-I-tbm, `qan-bnse ssIh-i-§fpw dn¡mÀUp-Ifpw X½nÂ hf-sc-b-[nIw hyXymkw Dm-Ip-t¼mtgm apgp-h³ Øe-§fpw hopw kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUpX¿m-dm-¡p-¶p. Kh¬saâvXe hkvXp-¡Ä ap³ dn¡mÀU-\p-k-cn¨pw ]Xnhp hkvXp-¡Ä \mfXp InS-¸-\p-k-cn-¨p-amWv dokÀsÆsNt¿--Xv.

dnhn-j³ kÀsÆ þ Hcn-¡Â kÀsÆ sNbvXp dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡nb-tijw AXnÂ GXm\pw `mKw Iq«ntNÀt¡n h¶mtemap¼p kÀsÆ sNbvX-XnÂ Fs´-¦nepw ]niIv Ds-¦ntem B mKw hopw kÀsÆ sNt¿n hcp-¶p. CXns\ dnhn-j³ kÀsÆF¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

A-Registar(settlement Registar) - skänÂsaâp Ime¯v Hmtcm hkvXp-hn-sâbpw kÀsÆ \¼À, k_v Unhn-j³ \¼À,C\w, X-cw, hnkvXoÀ®w, hkvXp DS-a-bpsS t]cv, Icw apX-emb FÃm hnh-c-§fpw DÄs¡m-Ån¨v Hmtcm hntÃ-Pn-ep-apÅ kÀtÆ\¼À A\p-k-cn¨v X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«pÅ cPn-ÌÀ BWv G cPn-ÌÀ AYhm skänÂsaâv cPn-ÌÀ.



B- Registar- skänÂsaân\p tijw Hmtcm hntÃ-Pn-sâbpw kÀsÆ \¼-dn-epÅ hyXymkw ImWn-¨p-sImv A¸-t¸mÄ hntÃ-Pm-ô-knÂ X¿m-dm-¡p¶ cPn-ÌÀ CXv A-Registarþsâ k¹n-saâm-Wv.

Land Registar(Field Registar) - Hcp `qhn-`mKw kÀsÆ sN¿p-t¼mÄ ôÂUv \¼À, k_vUnhnj³ \¼À, C-\w,- X-cw,hnkvXoÀ®w, hkvXp DS-a-bpsS t]cp-hn-hcw F¶nh DÄs¸-Sp¯ns¡mv kÀsÆ sN¿p¶ DtZym-K-Ø³ X¿m-dm-¡p¶ cPn-ÌÀ.

X-t¸À cPn-ÌÀ (T.P.R)- Hmtcm hkvXphn-tâbpw Ah-Im-in-I-fnÂ\n¶pw Icw CuSm-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kuI-cy-¯n-\mbn hkvXp-hnsâ kÀsÆ \¼À, k_vUnhnj³ \¼À,-C-\w,- X-cw, -hn-kvXoÀ®w, ]«b \¼À, hkvXp DS-a-bpsS t]cv F¶nh ImWn¨v hntÃ-Pm- o-knÂ kq£n-¨n-«pÅ cPn-ÌÀ.

dh\yp enÌv þ Hcp hntÃ-Pnse kÀsÆ \¼À {Ia- nÂ ]Xn-hp-S-a-bpsS t]cv kÀsÆ \¼À, k_vUnhnj³ \¼À,- C-\w,- X-cw,-hnkvXoÀ®w,- ]-«b \¼À F¶nh tcJs¸Sp¯n X¿m-dm¡p¶ enÌv

¹m³ þ `qan-bnÂ Af-¡p¶ FÃm Af-hp-Ifpw ImWn¨v Hcp sNdnb `qhn-`m-Ks¯ Ign-bp-¶{X henb tXmXnÂ hc¨p ImWn-¡p-¶-XmWv Plan.

Map - Af-hp-IÄ tcJ-s -Sp-¯m-sXbpw AXn-cp-IÄ kq£-a-ambn tcJ-s -Sp-¯nbpw At\Iw `qhn-`m-K-§Ä DÄs¡m-Åp¶ Hcphenb `qhn-`m-K-¯nsâ cq]w sNdnb tXmXnÂ hc¨p ImWn-¡p-¶-XmWv map.

village map þ Hcp hn-tÃ-Pn-\p-ÅnÂ hcp¶ FÃm kÀsÆ \¼cpw DÄs¡m-Ån¨v 1 cm=50cm F¶ tXmXnÂ X¿m-dm-¡p¶group sketch.

Ub-K-WÂ kvsIbnÂ þ GsX-¦nepw Hcp tXmX-\p-k-cn¨v AXns\ Gähpw sNdnb LSIw hfsc Ir-Xy-ambn hmbn-¡-¯-¡-hn[whn`Pn¨p X¿m-dm-¡p¶ scale BWv Ub-K-WÂ kvsIbnÂ. kam\ {XntIm-W-§-fpsS kam\ hi-§Ä A\p-]m-X-¯n-em-bn-cn¡pwF¶ XXz-amWv CXnÂ AS-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

t_knIv SmIvkv cPn-ÌÀ (B.T.R) - Hcp hntÃ-Pn-epÅ FÃm kÀ¡mÀ `qan-I-fp-sSbpw ]Xnhp `qan-I-fp-sSbpw kÀsÆ \¼À {Ia- n-epÅ hnh-c-§Ä ImWn-¡p¶ cPn-ÌÀ. CXnÂ kÀsÆ \¼À {Ia- nÂ `qan-bpsS Xcw, hnkvXoÀ®w, ASn-km-Ym\ \nIp-Xn, `qDS-a-bpsS t]cv, X¸À \¼À F¶o hnh-c-§Ä tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡pw.

skänÂsaâv þ Hcp `qhn-`mKw Hcn-¡Â kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡n AwKo-I-cn¨ tijw B dn-¡mÀUp-ambn Hmtcmk_Unhn-jsâbpw Af-hp-IÄ icn-bmtWm F¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-XmWv Settlement.

L.R.M.(Land Record Maintanance) - Hcn-¡Â kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡nb `qhn-`m-K-§-fnÂ A¸-t¸m-gp-m-Ip¶amä§Ä ]gb dn¡mÀUnÂ DÄs¸-Sp¯n dn¡mÀUv uptodate BIp-¶ \S-]-Sn¡v L.R.M.F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

]mbvamjv \¼À þ ]s¯m-¼Xmw \q{dm-nsâ BZy-L-«-¯nÂ a{Zmkv kwØm-\-¯nsâ ]e `mK-§-fnepw `qan-bpsS Af-hp-IfpwssIhi-§fpw tcJ-s¸-Sp¯n Hmtcm \¼-cp-IÄ sImSp-¯n-cp-¶p. C¯cw \¼-cp-I-fmWv ]mbvamjv \¼À.

]m-c-hIþ kÀ¡mÀ hI hkvXp-¡sf ]m-c-hI hkvXp-¡-fmbn Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.

]m-c-¸m«w þ kÀ¡mÀ hI hkvXp-¡sf bmsXmcp AÀ° _m²y-Xbpw IqSmsX BZy-Im-e¯v Hmtcm IpSn-bm³amÀ¡v ]m«-ambn sImSp- n-«pÅ hkvXp-¡sf ]m-c-¸m«w F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

hncp¯n þ GXm\pw \nÝnX Dugy-§Ä \nÝnX ka-b¯p \S-¯p-¶-Xn\v {]Xn- -e-ambn AXp \S-¯p-¶-hÀ¡v Aev]w IcwNpa¯n A\p -hn-¡m³ A\phZn¨n-«pÅ hkvXp-¡Ä.

\ntcm-[\Icw þ Kh-¬saânsâ A\p-hmZw IqSmsX ]pd-t¼m¡p Øe-§Ä ssIhiw hbv¡p-¶-Xn\pw AXnÂ \nÂ¡p¶ ac-§Ä apdn-bv¡p-¶-Xn\pw aäpw Npa-¯p¶ \nIp-Xn.

ôÂUv sN¡v þ Hcp hkvXp-hnsâ icn-bmb cq]w t]¸-dnÂ hc-bv¡p-¶-Xn\pw hnkvXoÀ®w IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xn\pw thn Af-s¶-Sp-¯n-«pÅ Af-hp-IÄ icn-bmtWm F¶v hni-Z-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xns\ field check F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

Major Triangulation - A\-h[n kÀsÆ oÂUp-I-fmbn Xncn¨v k_vUn-hn-j³ kÀsÆ \S-¯nb Hcp JWvU-¯nÂ B kÀsÆôÂUp-IÄ DÄs¡m-Ån¨v GXm\pw henb {XntIm-W-§Ä \nÀ½n-¡p-¶p. Cu {XntIm-W-§fpsS hi-§Ä Af-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm¸wB sse\p-I-fpsS ASp¯v hcp¶ field junction -\p IÄ¡v offset FSp¯v Af-hp-IÄ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. C{]-Imcw {XntImW-s¸-Sp¯n Af-shSp¡p-¶-Xns\ Major Triangulation F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.



kÀsÆ¡Ãp-I-fpsS ]p\-Øm-]\w

Hcn-¡Â kÀsÆ sNbvXp dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«pÅ `qhn-`m-K-§Ä GsX-¦nepw Imc-W-h-imÂ Af¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-t¼mÄ Ct¸m-gpÅ kÀsÆ-¡-Ãp-I-Ä X½nepÅ AIew ap³ Af-hp-ambn hyXymkw ImWp-Itbm AsÃ-¦nÂ IÃp-IÄ \jvSs¸«n-cn¡p-Itbm sNbvXmÂ ap³ Af-hp-I-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ IÃp-IÄ bYm-Øm-\¯v Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xns\ ]p\-Øm-]\w (do-^nIvkn-Mv) F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

do^n-Ivknw-Kn\v Bh-iy-amb dn¡mÀUp-IÄ

1. ent¯m-am¸vþdo-^nIvkv sNt¿ kÀsÆ \¼À `qan-bnÂ Ip-]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn\v CXv klm-bn-¡p¶p

2. Af-¡p¶ hkvXp-hn-sâbpw AbÂ hkvXp-¡-fp-sSbpw F.M kvsI¨nsâ ]IÀ¸pIÄþ

Hmtcm kÀsÆ ^oÂUn-sâbpw F Line, G Line, Check Line, Ah-bnÂ \n¶pÅ Hm vsk-äp-IÄ apX-em-bh F.M kvsI¨nÂtcJ-s -Sp¯nbncn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mÂ \jvS-s¸« IÃp-IÄ ]p\xØm]n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Ch klm-bn-¡p-¶p.

3. Af-t¡ hkvXp-hn-sâbpw AbÂ hkvXp-¡-fp-sSbpw dh\yp enÌvþHmtcm kÀsÆ \¼-cn-ep-apÅ I£n-I-fpsS t]cphnh-c-§Ä Adn-bp-¶-Xn\pw _Ô-s¸« I£n-I-Ä¡v t\m«okv sImSp-¡p-¶-Xn\pw klm-bn-¡p-¶p.

do^nIvkv sN¿pt¼mÄ {i²n-t¡ kwK-Xn-IÄ

kÀsÆ¡Ãp-IÄ do^n-Ivkv sN¿p-t¼mÄ `qan-bnÂ ImWp¶ ap³ IÃns\ ASn-Øm\-am¡n kÀsÆ XpS-t§-Xpw BIÃp-I-fpsS Øm\w icn-bmtWm F¶v ap³ Af-hp-I-fpsS klm-b-¯mÂ ]cn-tim-[n-t¡--Xp-am-Wv. Bb-Xn-te¡v {]kvXpX IÃp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Ipd-ªXv cv Af-h-pIsf¦n-epw Af¶p ]cn-tim-[n-t¡-XmWv. GsX-¦n-epw Af-hpIÄ¡v Id-£³ sImSp-t¡n h¶mÂ AXp sN¿Ww. F Af-hp-IÄ¡v bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw Id-£³ sImSp¡m³ ]mSn-Ã.

1. ASp-¯-Sp-¯pÅ cp PwKvj³ IÃp-IÄ am{Xw qan-bnÂ Dmbncn¡p-Ibpw _âp-I-ÃpIÄ \jvS-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXmÂAh ]p\ Øm]n-¡p¶ hn[w

kvsI¨nÂ ImWn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse A,B F¶o PwKv-j³ IÃp-IÄ am{Xw `qan-bnÂ Dm-bn-cn-¡-pIbpw C,D,E F¶o_âp-I-Ãp-IÄ \jvS-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXmÂ Ah ]p\-Øm-]n-¡p¶Xn\v A,B IÃp-I-fpsS Øm\hpw Ah X½n-epÅ AI-ehpw icn-bmtWm F¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡pI. AXn\ptijw A bnÂ \n¶pw B bnte¡v tcJ-s -Sp- n-bn-«pÅ Hmtcm Hm^v-skäv t]mbnâ-pI-fp-sS-bpw Cutting distance-þDw Offset distance Dw ^oÂUp _p¡nsâ klm-b-¯mÂ N§-ebpw t{Imkv Ìm^pw D]-tbm-Kn¨vAf¶p h¨v \jvS-s¸« C,D,E F¶o _âp-I-Ãp-IfpsS Øm\w Ip-]n-Sn¡mw. AXn-\p-tijw F^v Af-hp-IÄ Af¶p ]cn-tim-[n-t¡--Xm-Wv.

2. Hcp PwKvj³ IÃpw sXm«-Sp¯ _âp-I-Ãp-w am{X-ap-s-¦nÂ \jvS-s¸« PwKvj³ IÃpw aäp _âp t]mbnâp-I-fnse IÃpw ]p\-Øm-]n-¡p¶ hn[w

Sketch-þÂ ImWn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xp t]mse A F¶ PwKv-j³ IÃpw C F¶ _âp IÃpw am{Xta qan-bnÂ DÅq F¶p Icp-Xp-I. AB-þÂ \n¶v C bv¡v Hm^vskäv FSp-¯-XnÂ Dm-Ip¶ AYC a«-{Xn-tIm-W-¯nsâ FÃm hi-§fpw Adn-bm-hp-¶-XnÂ YF¶ aqe-bnÂ \n¶pw FXnÀh-i-amb AC bnte-¡pÅ ew_hpw skKvsaâpIfpw IW-¡p-hgn Ip-]n-Sn¡mw. i.e. Ax= Ay2 /AC, Cx=Cy2 / AC and Ax*Cx= xy2.

ACIÃpIfpsS Øm\hpw Ah X½n-epÅ AI-ehpw icn-bm-sW¶pd¸p hcp-¯n-b-tijw AC Line Â A Â\n¶pÅSegment Zqcw Af¶ph¨v X F¶ Point Iv X Â Cross staff \m«n Hcp Xmc-hgn A,C sImSn-Isf t\m¡n FXnÀXmc hgn B

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bpsS hi-t¯¡v Hcp sse³ hn«v B sse\nÂ ew_-Zqcw Af¶v h¨v (I-W¡v hgn In«nb) Y F¶ point ImWp-I. CXv AB line

se point Bbn-cn¡pw.

AY line \o«n Y bnÂ \n¶pw YB Zqcw Af¶p h¨v B F¶ t]mbnâv ImWp-I. CXv \jvS-s¸« B F¶ PwK-vj³ IÃnsâØm\-am-bn-cn-¡pw B bpsS Øm\w icn-bmtWm F¶v AXn-te¡v h¶p tNcp¶ aä-f-hp-IÄ h¨v ]cn-tim-[n¨ tijw N§-ebpwt{ImÊv Ìm^pw D]-tbm-Kn¨v ôÂUp-_p-¡nsâ klm-b-¯mÂ \jvS-s¸« aäv _âp IÃp-I-fpsS Øm\w Ip-]n-Sn-¡mw

3. ASp-¯pÅ cp _âp IÃp-IÄ am{Xw `qan-bn-ep-m-bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXmÂ B PwK-j³ IÃp-Ifpw aäp _âpIfpw ]p\Øm]n-¡p¶ hn[w

`qan-bnÂ \ne-hn-epÅ CD IÃp-I-fpsS Øm\hpw Ah X½n-epÅ AI-ehpw icn-bm-sW-¶p-d¸p hcp-¯nb tijw AB line

Â \n¶pw CD F¶o Hm^vskäv FSp-¯-Xn-\m-ep-m-Ip¶ CYD F¶ {XntIm-W-¯nsâ FÃm hi-§fpw Adn-bm-hp-¶-Xn-\mÂ YÂ\n¶pw CD bnte¡v ew_w hogv n-bm-ep-m-Ip¶ skKvsaâp-Ifpw ew_hpw IW-¡p-hgn Ip-]n-Sn-¡mw. C{]-Imcw Ip-]n-Sn¨ skKvsaâpw ew_hpw Af-¶p-sh¨v Y F¶ t]mbnâv ImWp-I. CXv AB ebn-\nÂ \n¶pw C bv¡pÅ Hm^vskäv sse\nset]mbnâv Bbn-cn-¡pw. CY sse³ \o«n C bv¡pÅ Hm^vskäv Zqcw Af-¶p-h¨v z F¶ t]mbnâv ImWp-I. CXv AB sse\nset]mbnâv Bbn-cn-¡pw. ‘ z’ Â t{ImÊv Ìm^v \m«n Hcp Xmc-hgn C, Y sImSn-Isf t\m¡n FXnÀ Xmc-hgn Ccp-h-i-§-fn-te¡pwsse³ hn«v Z Â \n¶pw ZA F¶ t]mbnâpw Z Â \n¶pw ZB Zqcw Af-¶p-sh¨v B F¶ t]mbnâpw Ip-]n-Sn-¡mw. Ch \jvS-s¸«PwKvj³ IÃp-I-fpsS Øm\-am-bn-cn-¡pw. Cu IÃp-I-fpsS Øm\w icn-bmtWm F¶v AXn-te¡p h¶ptN-cp¶ aä-f-hp-IÄ h¨v]cn-tim-[n¨ tijw ôÂUv _p¡nsâ klm-b-¯mÂ N§-ebpw t{Imkv Ìm^pw D]-tbm-Kn¨v aäv _âp IÃp-I-fpsS Øm\wIp-]n-Sn-¡mw. Ch-bpsS Øm\w icn-bmtWm F¶v Y Af-hp-IÄ Af¶p ]cn-tim-[n-t¡--Xm-Wv.

]pd-t¼m¡p `qan-I-fnÂ A\-[n-Ir-X-amb ssItbäw ImÂkzoI-cn-¡ \S-]-Sn-IÄ

]pd-t¼m¡v ]cn-tim-[-\m-h-k-c-¯nÂ GsX-¦nepw ]pd-t¼m¡p `qan-bnÂ A\-[n-Ir-X-amb {]th-i\w ImÂ AXn-\mbnssItb-ä-¡m-csâ taÂhn-emkw, ssI-tb-dnb Øe-¯nsâ hnkvXoÀ®w, ]g¡w F¶o ]qÀ® hnh-c-§Ä AS§nb Hcp dnt¸mÀ«vkvsI¨p klnXw X¿m-dm¡n Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-b-dmWv \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-sX-¦nÂ Xl-knÂZmÀ¡pw, hntÃPv Akn-ÌâmWv \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-sX-¦nÂ Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀ¡pw kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww.

hntÃPv Akn-Ìâv kaÀ¸n¨ kvsI¨pw dnt¸mÀ«pw A\p-k-cn¨v Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀ `qan-bnÂ ]cn-tim-[n¨v Bh-iyambdnt¸mÀ«p-IsfgpXn ^b-Â Xl-knÂZmÀ¡v kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww. ssItb-dnb Øe-¯nsâ IrXy-amb hnkvXoÀ®w IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb FÃm Af-hp-Ifpw Af-¶n-cn-¡Ww. kvsI¨nÂ kÀsÆ \¼À, hnkvXoÀ®w apX-em-bh ImWn-¨n-cn-¡-Ww.

taÂ¸-dª dnt¸mÀ«n³ {]Imcw Xl-knÂZmÀ Øew ]cn-tim-[n¨v Hgn-¸n-t¡-Xm-sW¶p ImÂ Bb-Xn-te¡p th\S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡-Ww. Xl-knÂZmcpsS XoÀ¸nÂ I£n¡v ]cmXn Ds-¦nÂ AXp kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ A¸o-ep-I-fpsS Ah-km\ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-¡-Xv If-IvS-dm-Wv.

t]m¡p-h-chp aqe-ap-m-Ip¶ ]pXnb k_vUn-hn-j³kÀsÆ sN¿p¶Xn\pÅ \S-]Sn (P.V. Case)

t]m¡p-h-chpaqe-ap-m-Ip¶ ]pXnb k_vUn-hn-j³ kÀsÆ sN¿p¶-Xn\v {]tXyIw DtZym-K-Ø³amsc \nb-an-¨n-«n-Ãm¯]£w hntÃPv Akn-Ìâv B tPmen sNt¿-Xm-Wv.

t]m¡p-h-chp aqe-ap-m-Ip¶ ]pXnb k_vUn-hn-j-\p-IÄ kÀsÆ sN¿p-¶-Xn\v qDSa _Ô-s¸« Xmeq¡v Xl-knÂZmÀ¡vAt]-£ sImSp-t¡--Xm-Wv. kÀsÆ sNt¿ k_vUn-hn-j-sâ hnkvXoÀ®w 40 Btdm AXnÂ Ipdthm BsW-¦nÂ 50 cq]bpwAXnÂ IqSp-X-epÅ BZys¯ 40 Bdn\v 50 cq]mbpw XpSÀ¶pÅ Hmtcm 40 Bdn\pw AXnsâ Awi-¯n\pw 50 cq] F¶ {Ia-¯nepw ôkv AS-¨v sNem³ cko-Xpw B[m-c-¯nsâ ]IÀ¸pw DÄs¸sS sImSp-t¡--Xm-Wv. At]£ Xl-knÂZmÀ¡v In«n-¡-gn-ªmepS³ Xmeq-¡m-ô-kn-epÅ cPn-Ì-dnÂ tNÀ¯ tijw _Ô-s¸« hntÃPv Hmô-kn-te¡v kÀsÆ sN¿p¶Xn-\mbn Ab¨psImSp-¡p-¶p.

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C{]-Im-c-apÅ At]£ In«p¶ apdbv¡v hntÃPv Akn-Ìâv At]£ cPn-Ì-dnÂ tNÀ¯ tijw _Ô-s¸« qD-S-a-ØÀ¡v6þmw \¼À t^md-¯nÂ t\m«okv sImSp-¡p-¶p. AXn\p tijw t\m«o-knÂ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ XobXn Øe¯p lmP-cmbn \ne-hn-epÅ AXnÀ¯n ssIh-im-\p`h-¯n\p hnt[-bambn k_vUn-hn-j³ sNbvXv k_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaâpw kvsI¨pw cp {]XnhoXw X¿m-dm¡n ]pXnb k_vUn-hn-j³ kÀsÆ sNbvXXv icn-bm-sW-¶pÅ `qD-S-a-I-fpsS ssIt¿m-t¸m-Sp-I-IqSn Xmeq¡v kÀ-sÆ-bÀ aptJ\ Xl-koÂZmÀ¡v kaÀ¸n-t¡--Xm-Wv. Xl-koÂZmÀ k_vUn-hn-j³ Sketch Dw k_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaâpw sanction

sNbvXv PnÃm kÀsÆ kq{]-n\v kmt¦-XnI ]cn-tim[\bv¡mbn Ab¨p sImSp-t¡-Xpw kÀsÆ-kq-{]-nsâ kmt¦XnI ]cn-tim-[\ Ignªv AwKo-I-cn¨ dn¡mÀUp-IÄ Xncn¨p hm§nb tijw dn¡mÀUv t]m¡p hchp \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn_Ô-s¸« hntÃ-PnÂ Ab¨p sImSp-t¡--Xp-am-Wv. AXp {]Imcw t]m¡phchp \S-¯p-¶p.

cPn-ÌÀ sNbvX Hcp k_vUn-hn-j³ kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡m-ÀUv X¿m-dm-¡p¶ hn[w (S.D Case)

cPn-ÌÀ sNbvXn-«pÅ dh\yq k_vUn-hn-j\pI-fpsS kÀtÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUnÂ DÄs¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\v `q DS-a-ØÀ _Ô-s¸« Xmeq¡v Xl-koÂZmÀ¡v 8-þmw \¼À t^md-¯nÂ At]£ sImSp-t¡--Xm-Wv.

At]£ In«p¶ apdbv¡v Xmsg¸d-bp¶ \nc¡nepÅ kÀsÆ NmÀÖv {Sj-dnbnÂ HSp¡v ckoXp lmP-cm-¡p-¶-Xn\vAt]-£-I\v 9þmw \¼À t^md-¯nÂ t\m«okv sImSp-t¡--Xm-Wv.

k_vUn-hn-j³ kÀsÆ sNt¿ dh\yq k_vUn-hn-j³ DÄs¡mp hcp¶ kÀsÆ sNbvXn-«pÅ k_vUn-hn-j-sâtbm,Entire Fieild BsW-¦nÂ Survey Fieild sâtbm hnkvXoÀ®w 40 Btdm AXnÂ Ipdthm BsW-¦nÂ 50 cq]bpw AXnÂ IqSp-X-em-sW-¦nÂ ]n¶o-SpÅ Hmtcm 40 Bdn\pw AXnsâ Awi-¯n\p 50 cq] F¶ {Ia-¯nepw kÀsÆ NmÀÖv CuSm-t¡--Xm-Wv.-

kÀsÆ sN¿p-¶-Xn\v _p²n-ap-«pÅ {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ taÂ¸-dª XpI aXn-bm-Im¯ kml-N-cy-¯nÂ PnÃm kÀtÆkq{]-n-sâ AwKo-Im-c-t¯msS Bh-iy-amb XpI Xl-koÂZmÀ¡p \nÝ-bn-¡mhp¶-XmWv. C§s\ \nÝ-bn¨v HSp¡p¶ XpI, dn¡mÀUp-IÄ \jvS-s -«-Xp-sIm-tm atä-sX-¦nepw Imc-W- mtem kÀsÆ sN¿³ km[n-¡msX h¶mÂ PnÃm If-IvS-dpsS A\p-hm-Z-t¯m-SpIqSn At]-£-I\v Xncn¨v sImSp-¡m-hp-¶Xpw aäv GsXmcp Imc-W- mepw Xncn¨p sImSp-¡m³ ]mSn-Ãm-¯-Xpam-Ip-¶p.

9þmw \¼À t^md-¯nse t\m«oknÂ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ XpI \nÝnX Xob-Xn-¡Iw {Sj-dn-bnÂ HSp-¡n ckoXv lmP-cm-¡mXn-cp-¶mÂ At]£ \nc-kn-¡m-hp-¶Xpw XpI AS¨v ckoXv lmP-cm-¡n-bmÂ At]£ cPn-ÌÀsNbvX tijw kÀsÆsN¿p-¶-Xnte¡v Xmeq¡v kÀtÆ-bÀ¡v sImSp-t¡--Xp-am-Wv.

At]£ In«p¶ apdbv¡v Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀ At]-£I£n¡pw B Øe-¯n\p NpäapÅ `qD-S-a-ØÀ¡p 6þmw\¼À t^md-¯nÂ t\m«okv sImSp¯ tijw t\m«o-knÂ ]d-bp¶ XobXn Øe¯p lmP-cmbn At]£ {]Im-c-ap-ff ØewDÄs¸«p hcp¶ kÀsÆ oÂUnsâtbm k_vUn-hn-j-sâtbm AXnÀ¯n ap³ kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUnse Af-hp-I-f-\p-k-cn¨v do^nIvkvsNt¿-Xpw ]pXp-t¡--Xmtbm tISp-]mSp XoÀt¡--Xmtbm hcp¶ kÀtÆ AS-bmf-§Ä A{]-Imcw sNt¿--Xp-am-Wv. AXn-\p-tijw do^nIvkv sNbvX kÀsÆ ^oÂUntem k_vUn-hn-j-\ntem DÄs¡mp hcp¶ At]-£-{]-ImcapÅ Øew k_vUn-hn-j³ kÀsÆ sNbvXv k_vUn-hn-j³ Sketch Dw Subdivision Statement Dw cp {]Xn X¿m-dm¡n 6þmw \¼À t^md-¯nÂ I£n-IÄ¡p sImSp¯ t\m«o-knsâ {]Xnbpw kÀsÆ sNe-hp-IÄ¡pÅ _nÃ-pIÄ DÄs¸sS Xl-koÂZmÀ¡p kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww. Xl-koÂZmÀ Subdivision Sketch Dw Subdivision Statement Dw kmt¦XnI ]cn-tim-[-\-bv¡mbn PnÃm kÀsÆ kq{]-n\v sImSp-t¡--Xpam-Wv.

kÀsÆ ka-b¯v 6þmw \¼À t^md-¯nÂ ]d-ªn-«pÅ {]Imcw tPmen-¡m-scbpw kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§fpw \ÂIm³ At]-£-I£n hnk-½-Xn-¨mÂ kÀ¡mÀ sNe-hnÂ B tPmen sNt¿-Xpw Bb-Xn\p sNe-hmb XpI Ic-¡p-Sn-ÈnI C\-¯nÂ At]-£-I-\nÂ \n¶pw CuSm-t¡--Xp-am-Wv.

kÀsÆ ka-b-¯p-m-Ip¶ `qDS-a-Ø³am-cpsS ]cm-Xn-IÄ Xl-koÂZmÀ At\z-jn¨p Xocp-am-\nt¡-Xm-Wv. kmt¦-Xn-I-]-cn-tim-[\ Ignªv AwKo-I-cn¨ dn¡mÀUp-IÄ e`n-¨-Xn\p tijw kÀtÆ ]qÀ¯n-bmb hnh-c-¯n\v 4þmw \¼À ^md-¯nÂ_Ô-s¸« qhp-S-a-ØÀ¡v t\m«okv \ÂtI-Xpw AXp In«nb tijw ]cm-Xn-bpÅ GsXm-cmÄ¡pw 3 amk-¯n-\Iw PnÃm kÀtÆkq{]-n\v A¸oÂ sImSp-¡m-hp-¶Xpw kÀtÆ kq{]v A¸oÂ At\z-jn¨v Xocp-am-\n-¨-tijw dn¡mÀUnÂ Fs´-¦nepw Xncp-¯-ep-IÄ hcp-t¯--Xp-s-¦nÂ Ah hcp¯n dnsshkvUv dn¡mÀUp-IÄ X¿m-cm¡n Xl-koÂZmÀ aptJ\ hntÃ-Pm-^o-knÂAb-¨p-sIm-Sp¯v AX-Xp-k-cn-¨pÅ amä-§Ä hntÃPv dn¡mÀUp-IfnÂ hcp-t¯--Xp-am-Wv.



I£n-I-fpsS At]-£-{]-Imcw kÀsÆ sNbvXv kvsI¨v X¿mdm-¡n-bn-«pÅ qan-I-fnÂ AXnÀ¯n-IÄ Af¶v IÃp-IÄ Øm]n-¡p¶ hn[w (P.B. Case)

kÀsÆ sNbvXv kvvsI¨v X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«pÅ `qan-I-fnÂ AXnÀ¯n-IÄ Af¶v IÃp-IÄ Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xn\v AXmXv hkvXpDS-a-Ø-·mÀ Xmeq¡v Xl-koÂZmÀ¡v ]¯mw \¼À ^md-¯n-Â At]£ sImSp-¡Ww. AXnÀ¯n H¶n\v \nÝnX \nc-¡nÂôkv CuSm-¡-Ww. Cu \nc-¡nÂ IqSp-XÂ XpI CuSm-¡-W-sa¶ kµÀ`-§-fnÂ PnÃm-I-f-IvS-dpsS A\p-hm-Z-t¯m-Sp-IqSn IqSp-XÂ XpI CuSm-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

ôkv \nÝ-bn¨v Xmeq¡v Xl-koÂZmÀ ]Xn-s\m¶mw \¼À md-¯nÂ I£n-IÄ¡v t\m«okv sImSp-¯-dn-bn-¡-Ww. I£n-IÄ HSp-t¡ XpI-bpsS hnhcw AXnÂ ImWn-¨n-cn-t¡--Xm-Wv. A{]-Imcw ôkv AS-¨p-I-gn-ªmÂ B At]£ kÀsÆtPmen-bv¡mbn kÀsÆ DtZym-K-Ø\v Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-t¡--Xm-Wv. ôkv HSp-¡p-¶-Xn\v I£n hogvN hcp-¯p¶ ]£w At]£XÅ-s¸-tS--Xm-Wv.

kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUp-I-fpsS A`m-h-¯mtem \yq\-X-I-fmtem kÀsÆ tPmen-IÄ \S-¯m³ km[n-¡msX h¶mÂ (PnÃmIf-IvS-dpsS A\p-hm-Z-t¯msS) I£n HSp-¡nb XpI aS¡n sImSp-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. kÀsÆ tPmen XpS-§p-¶-Xn-\p-ap-¼mbn kÀsÆDtZym-K-Ø³ 12þmw \¼À md-¯nÂ At]£ I£n¡pw AbÂI£nIÄ¡pw t\m«okv sImSp-t¡--Xm-Wv. kÀsÆ tPmenbv¡pth kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä sImSp-¡pI, sse³ sXfn-bn-¡pI apX-emb tPmen-IÄ At]£ I£n sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-t¡--Xm-Wv.I£n- Cu hI tPmen-IÄ sN¿m¯ ]£w B ImcWw ImWn¨v kÀsÆ DtZym-K-Ø³ Hcp dnt¸mÀt«m-Sp-IqSn At]£ Xl-knÂZmÀ¡v Ab-bvt¡-Xpw B Imc-W- mÂ At]£ XÅ-s -Sm³ Imc-W-am-hp-Ibpw sN¿pw. At]£ XÅ-s -«mÂ I£nHSp-¡nb XpI aS¡n sImSp-¡m-hp-¶-X-Ã.

I£n kÀsÆbv¡v th klmbw sN¿p-¶-XnÂ hogvN hcp-¯n-bn-«ptm F¶-XnÂ ]cmXn Ds-¦nÂ Xl-koÂZmÀAt\z-jn¨v Xocp-am\w FSp-t¡-Xpw B Xocp-am\w Ah-km-\-t¯-Xp-am-Wv. kÀsÆ DtZym-K-Ø³ ap³ kÀsÆ dnt¡mÀUp-IÄA\p-k-cn¨v Af¶v AXnÀ¯n-IÄ Dd-¸n-t¡-Xpw kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä ]pXp-t¡--Xp-am-Wv. kÀsÆ tPmen-IÄ XoÀ¶mÂ Bh-iy-amb dnt¸mÀ«p X¿m-dm¡n Xl-koÂZmÀ¡v kaÀ¸n-¡p-¶p. kÀsÆ tPmen-IÄ Ign-ªmÂ At]£ I£nbv¡pw _Ô-s¸«I£n-IÄ¡pw Xl-koÂZmÀ \nÝnX ^md-¯nÂ t\m«okv sImSp-t¡--Xp-am-Wv. kÀsÆ DtZym-K-Ø³ ]p\x-Øm-]n- -X-\p-k-cn¨vBÀs¡-¦nepw Bt£-]-apÅ ]£w taÂ ]dª t\m«okv In«nb XobXn apXÂ 3 amk-¯n-\Iw PnÃm kÀsÆ kq{]-n\vAt]£ t_m[n-¸n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. A¸o-ep-s-¦nÂ Xmeq-¡m- o-knÂ \n¶pw _Ô-s¸« ^bÂ hcp¯n I£nbv¡v t\m«okvsImSp¯ tijw kÀsÆ kq{]v Øe¯v sN¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶p. kÀsÆ kq{]v ]cmXn {]Imcw AXnÀ¯n ]cn-tim-[n¨vFSp-¡p¶ Xocp-am\w Ań-a-am-bn-cn-¡pw. Xocp-am-\s¯ kw_-Ôn-¡p¶ hnhcw I£n-Isf tcJm-aqew Adn-bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

A²ymbw þ 5

Xntbm-U-sseäv kÀtÆ

slmdn-tkm-Â BwKnfpw shÀ«n-¡Â BwKnfpw FSp-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ hne-]n-Sn-¸pÅ Hcp D]-I-c-W-amWvXntbm-U-sse-äv.

hnhn[ C\w Xntbm-U-sseäpIÄ

1. Y ]mtä¬

2. Fh-dÌv U_nÄ BÀ¡v

3. {Sm³knäv

4. Smt¡m aoäÀ

5. ssat{Im-ao-äÀ

F¶n-§s\ ]e t]cp-I-fnepw Xntbm-U-sseäv Dv. Un{Kn AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp- nb slmdn-tkm-Â kÀ¡n-fnsâ Ub-ao-äÀB[m-c-am-¡n-bmWv Xntbm-U-sseäv Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. DZm-l-cWw þ Hcp Xntbm-U-sse-änsâ slmdn-tkmÂ kÀ¡n-fnsâUb-ao-äÀ 5 C©v BsW-¦nÂ AXns\ 5 C©v Xntbm-U-sseäv F¶p ]d-bp-¶p. {Sm³knÌv Xntbm-U-sse-änsâ telescope

]qÀ®-ambn Hcp duv Xncn-¡m³ km[n-¡pw. F¶mÂ Everest Theodolite þÂ CXp km[y-a-Ã.



Xntbm-U-sse-änsâ {][m\ mK-§Ä

1. {Snt¸mUv Ìmâpw AXnsâ tSm¸pw2. ^p«vkv{Iq (se-h-enwKv kv{Iq)3. {Sbmw-Kp-eÀ s{^bnw4. skâdnwKv kwhn-[m\w5. temhÀ ¢m¼pw Sm³Pâpw6. A¸À ¢m¼pw Sm³Pâpw7. slmdn-tkm-Â ehepw AXnsâ __nfpw8. shÀ«n-¡Â eh-enw-Kn-\pÅ ¢n¸v kv{Iq9. shÀ«n-¡Â ¢m¼pw Sm³Pâpw10. t^m¡-knwKv kv{Iq11. anÂ slUUv kv{Iq12. Ub{^w13. Fbnw kv{Iq14. slmdntkmÂ en¼v, slmdn-tkm-Â t¹äv, slmdn-tkmÂ kÀ¡nÄ15. shÀ«n-¡Â en¼v, shÀ«n-¡Â t¹äv, shÀ«n-¡Â kÀ¡nÄ16. t{ImkvUv hbÀ17. Hm_vPIvSv ¥mkv18. sF ]okv19. shÀ«n¡Â ehepw AXnsâ __nfpw20. __nÄ dn^vf-IvSÀ/andÀ21. slmdn-tkm-Â BIvknkv22. shÀ«n-¡Â BIvknkv

Xntbm-U-sse-än-t\m-sSm¸w t_mIvknÂ ImWp¶ D]-I-c-W-§Ä

1. Plumb bob 2. Magnetic compass

3. Spare eye piece 4. Two screw drivers

5. Two steel pins 6. Brush

7. Two dark glass 8. Ray shade

9. Spare diaphrom 10. Spanner

Xntbm-U-sseäv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-t¼mÄ {i²n-t¡ kwK-Xn-IÄ

1. Xntbm-U-sseäv t_mIvknÂ \n¶pw shfn-bnÂ FSp-¡p-t¼mÄ henb _ew {]tbm-Kn-¡p-Itbm t_mIvknsâ ]mÀiz§-fnÂ X«p-Itbm sN¿-cp-Xv.

2. t_mIvkv Xpd¶p Xntbm-U-sseäv ]pd-s¯-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\p ap¼mbn AXnsâ s]mkn-j³ a\-Ên-em-¡n-bn-cn-¡-Ww.CXnsâ eye end þDw object endþDw hcp¶ `mK-§fpw faceþDw t_mIvknÂ AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp- -Ww. C³kv{S-saâv XncnsI t_mIvknÂ hbv¡p-¶-Xn\v Ch klm-b-I-c-am-bn-cn-¡pw.

3. t_mIvknÂ \n¶pw Xntbm-U-sseäv ]pd-t¯¡v FSp-¡p-t¼mgpw XncnsI hbv¡p-t¼mgpw temhÀ slmdn-tkm-Ât¹äntem Y’s tem ]nSn-¨n-cn-¡-Ww.

4. Xntbm-U-sseäv hfsc PânÂ Bbn D]-tbm-Kn-t¡--Xm-Wv. D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ap¼v FÃm ¢m¼pIfpw eqkvBsW¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.

5. Hmtcm Xh-Wbpw H_vkÀth-j³ \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-ap-¼mbn FÃm Sm³Pâv kv{IqIfpw seh-enwKv kv{IqIfpw a²y-`m-K-¯m-sW¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.

6. Sm³Pâv kv{Iq bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw hf-sc-b-[nIw Xncn-¡-cp-Xv. CXv amIvkn-a- nÂ F¯n B£³ CÃmsXh¶mÂ ¢m¼v dneokv sNbvXv Sm³Pâv kv{Iq Xncn¨v AXnsâ a²y-`m-K¯psImp-h-c-Ww.

7. ¢m¼nwKv kv{Iq hfsc IqSp-XÂ ssSäv sN¿m³ ]mSn-Ã.

8. H_vkÀth-j³ Ignªv tÌj-\nÂ \n¶p C³kv{S-saâv FSp-¡p-t¼mÄ Ìmânsâ kv{Iq apdp-¡n-bn-«ptm F¶pw^p«v kv{Iq a²y-¯n-emtWm F¶pw ]cntim[n-t¡--Xm-Wv.

9. Hcn-¡epw Hmbn-Â CSm³ ]mSn-Ã.



10. Xntbm-U-sse-änsâ ]pd- p-Im-Wp¶ FÃm mK-§fpw ss{U Bbn-cn-¡-Ww. {_jv D]-tbm-Kn v AXn-epÅ s]mSnIÄX«n-¡-f-b-Ww.

11. Bân t¢m¡vsshkv Bbn D]-I-cWw Xncn-¡p-hm³ ]mSn-Ã.

12. C³kv{S-saâv XncnsI s]«n-bnÂ hbv¡p-t¼mÄ ¢m¼p-IÄ FÃmw eqkv BsW¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.

13. Hmtcm {]mhiyw C³kv{S-saâv ssIam-dp-t¼mgpw 152þmw \¼À t^md-¯nÂ FIvkm-an-t\-j³ dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm-¡-Ww.

Xntbm-U-sse-änsâ {Iao-I-c-W-§Ä

Xntbm-U-sse-änsâ {Iao-I-c-W-§Ä cp hn[-¯n-ep-v.

1. XmXvIm-enI {Iao-I-cWw (Temporary adjustment)

2. Øncw {Iao-I-cWw (Permanent adjustment)

Hmtcm tÌj-\nepw Xntbm-U-sseäv D]-tbm-Kn¨v H_vkÀth-j³ \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-ap-¼mbn XmXv¡m-enI {Iao-I-c-W-§Ä Bh-iy-am-Wv. F¶mÂ Øncw {Iao-I-c-Ww, ]pXnb C³kv{S-saâv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-t¼mtgm sXäp-s¶p a\-Ên-em-¡p-t¼mtgm BWv Bh-iy-ambn hcp-¶-Xv.

1. Xntbm-U-sse-änsâ XmXv¡m-enI {Iao-I-c-W-§Ä

XmXv¡m-enI {Iao-I-c-W-§Ä \mep hn[-¯n-ep-v.

1. skâ-dnwKv 2. slmdn-tkm-Â eh-enwKv3. shÀ«n-¡Â eh-enwKv 4. Zqsc-bpÅ hkvXp-¡Ä t{ImkvUv hb-dnÂ sImp- h-cn-Ibpw ]mc-emIvkvCÃm-Xm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I.

hntÃPv AXnÀ¯n-bntem t»m¡v AXnÀ¯n-bntemXntbm-U-sseäv tÌj³ Øm]n-¡p-t¼mÄ {i²n-t¡ kwK-Xn-IÄ

1. Hmtcm tÌj\pw Ign-hXpw hfsc AI-e-¯nÂ Øm]nt¡Xm-Wv. tÌj-\p-IÄ X½nÂ Xntbm-U-sseäv D]-tbm-Kn¨v H_vkÀÆv sN¿m³ ]mI- n-em-bn-cn-¡-Ww. cp tÌj-\p-IÄ X½n-epÅ Zqcw Ign-hXpw 200 aoä-dn\pw 400 aoä-dn\pw CS-bn-em-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

2. {Smthgvkv sse\nÂ \n¶v Hm^vskäv FSp-t¡ kµÀ`§fnÂ Hm^vskäv Zqcw 60 aoä-dnÂ IqSm³ ]mSn-Ã.

3. Ign-bp-¶n-S-t¯mfw FÃm tÌj-\p-Ifpw _u-dn-bn-embncn¡Ww Øm]n-t¡--Xv.

4. Xntbm-U-sseäv Øm]n-¡m³ ]än-bXpw ehÂ Bb-Xp-amb Øe- m-bn-cn-¡Ww tÌj³ Øm]n-t¡--Xv.

5. \Zn, ImbÂ, tdmUv F¶n-h-bpsS hi-§-fnÂIqSn UoamÀt¡äv sN¿p-t¼mÄ IÃpIÄ kpc-£n-X-amb Øm\-§-fnÂ\m«-Ww.

6. IÃp-I-fpsS Øm\w ]md-¸p-d¯p hcn-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ ]md amÀ¡v sIm¯n Xntbm-U-sseäv tÌj-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

7. \Zn, ImbÂ F¶n-h-bpsS hi-§-fnÂ¡qSn hntÃPv _udn UoamÀt¡äv sN¿p-t¼mÄ IÃp-IÄ 10 aoädnÂ Ihnbm¯Zqc- nÂ kpc-£n-X-amb Øm\-§-fnÂ \mt«-Xpw \Zn-bpsS a²y-`mKw AXnÀ¯n-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-t¡--Xp-am-Wv.

8. dnkÀÆvUv t^md-Ìnsâ AXnÀ¯n hntÃPv AXnÀ¯n-bmbn hcp-t¼mÄ P-IÄ¡p kao-]-¯mbn IÃp-IÄ Øm]n-t¡--Xm-Wv.

9. hntÃPv/t»m¡v _udn tdmUnÂ¡qSn hcn-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ Ign-hXpw tdmUnsâ Hcp hi-¯p-IqSn kÀtÆ sNt¿--Xm-Wv.

10. Hmtcm tÌj\pw 1/3 `mKw a®n\p apI-fnÂ ImW- -¡-hn[w \¶mbn Dd- n-t¡--Xm-Wv.



Xntbm-U-sseäv D]-tbm-Kn¨v kÀsh sN¿p¶ hn[w

kÀsÆ sNt¿ Øe-s¯- än kÀsh-bÀ¡v Hcp [mcW Dm-bn-cn-t¡--Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. CXn-\mbn kÀshsNt¿ Øew Npän \S¶p ImW-Ww. CXns\ s]cm-¼p-te-j³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p. AXn\p tijw AXnÀ¯n-bnÂ ImWp¶ImSp-Ifpw aäpw XS-Ê§fpw \o¡w sNbvXv ]c-kv]cw ImWm-hp¶ Zqc-¯nÂ AXnÀ¯n IW-¡m¡n IÃp-IÄ Øm]n-¡-Ww. C§s\ AXnÀ¯n-I-fnÂ Øm]n-¡p¶ FÃm IÃp-Ifpw Xntbm-U-sseäv IÃp-IÄ BI-W-sa-¶n-Ã. A¯cw IÃp-IÄ¡v {Smthgvkv sse\nÂ \n¶v Hm^vskäv FSp v ôÂUp _p¡nÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp- -Ww. Hm^vskäv Zqcw 60 aoä-dnÂIhn-b-cp-sX¶pam{Xw. ]pXp-Xmbn Hcp {Smthgvkv kÀsh XpS-§p-t¼mÄ ap¼v kÀsh sNbvXp Øm]n-¨n-«pÅ {Smthgvkvsse\p-ambn _Ôn- n¨v XpS-t§-Xpw Ah-km-\n-¸n-t¡--Xp-am-Wv. PwKvj³ t]mbnânÂ hcp¶ FÃm sse\p-Ifpw Af-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm¸w Ah-bpsS tImWp-Ifpw {]tXyIw FSp- n-cn-¡-Ww. kÀsÆ sN¿p¶ ôÂUv FÃm-bvt¸mgpw kÀsh-bdpsS CS-Xp-h-i-¯m-bn-cn-¡-Ww. F¶mÂ am{Xta Bć tIm¬ e`n-¡p-I-bp-Åq. C{]-Imcw FSp-¡p¶ tImW-f-hp-Ifpw Hm vskäv Af-hp-Ifpw oÂUp _p¡nÂ tcJ-s -Sp- -Ww. IqSmsX kÀsÆ Bcw-`n¨ tÌj-sâbpw kÀsh Ah-km-\n- n¨ tÌj-sâbpw tImW-f-hp-Ifpw sse\p-I-fpsS \ofhpw oÂUv _p¡nÂ Bcw-`- nepw Ah-km-\-¯nepw tcJ-s¸-Sp¯n kÀsÆ-bÀ H¸p hbvt¡-Xpw Hmtcm Znh-k-t¯bpw tPmen-IÄ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xn-\p-thn XobXn h¨v AXmXpZnh-k-§-fnÂ kÀsÆ-bÀ C\n-jyÂ sNt¿--Xp-am-Wv. ôÂUnÂ \n¶pw Af-s¶-Sp¯ tImWp-Ifpw Zqc-§fpw h¨p-sImv t{]m{Sm-IvSdnsâ klm-b-¯mÂ Hcp ‘_n’ kvsI¨pw hc¨p X¿m-dm-t¡--Xm-Wv.

ôÂUv _p¡v X¿m-dm-¡p¶ hn[w

Xntbm-U-sseäv kÀsÆ ka-b v oÂUnÂ \n¶pw FSp-¡p¶ tImW-f-hp-Ifpw sse\-f-hp-Ifpw A¸-t¸mÄ Xs¶ôÂUp _p¡nÂ s]³knÂ sIms-gp-X-Ww. s]³knÂ sImsgpXp¶Xv ajn-bnÂ hopw Fgp-Xp-¶-Xn\v Hmtcmsse³ hntS--Xm-Wv. XpS-¡- n-tebpw Ah-km-\n-¡p¶ PMvj-\p-I-fn-tebpw CS-bv¡pÅ PMvj-\p-I-fn-tebpw tImW-f-hp-Ifpw Zqchpw hc- p-Im-Wn v bYm-Ø-e-§-fnÂ Fgp-X-Ww. CSbv¡v PMvj-\p-IÄ hcp-s¶-¦nÂ AXnsâ hnh-c-§fpwôÂU-v_p-¡nÂ ImWn-¡-Ww. oÂUp-_p-¡nsâ XpS-¡- nepw HSp-¡- nepw kÀsÆ-bÀ H¸p-h-bvt¡-Xpw Hmtcm-Zn-h-k-s¯bpw tPmen-IÄ AX-Xp-Zn-hkw kÀsÆ-bÀ XobXn h¨v C³jyÂ sNt¿--Xp-am-Wv. ôÂUp-_p-¡nsâ IhÀt]-Pnepw BZy-t]-Pnepw Xmsg-¸-d-bp¶ hnh-c-§Ä Dm-bn-cn-¡Ww:

1. _p¡v \¼À2. PnÃ3. Xmeq¡v4. hntÃPv5. kÀtÆ \¼À6. tPmen-bpsS kz`mhw (do-^n-IvknMv / ]pXnb {Smthgvkv)7. D]-tbm-Kn¨ Xntbm-Uv-sseäv8. tPmen Bcw- n¨ Znhkw9. tPmen Ah-km-\n¨ Znhkw10. kÀsÆ-b-dpsS t]cv, H¸v

Nne ASn-Øm\ hnh-c-§Ä

ssa\À kÀIyq«v: sNbn³ kÀsÆ sN¿m³ km[n-¡m- -hn[w 4 slIvS-dnÂ¡q-Sp-XÂ hnkvXoÀ®w hcp¶ Øe-§Ä,hnkvXoÀ®-¯nÂ Ipd-hmb ]md-s¡-«p-IÄ, ImbÂ, Ip¶n³{]-tZ-i-§Ä apX-em-bh IrXy-X-bv¡p-thn Xntbm-U-sseävsImv Npä-XnÀ¯n-IÄ kÀsÆ sN¿p-¶p. C¯cw `qhn-`m-K-§sf ssa\À kÀIyq«v F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

sabn³ kÀIyq«v: Hcp Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ sN¿m-s\-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ AXns\ 150 apXÂ 200 hsc kvIzbÀ Intem aoäÀ hnkvXoÀ®-apÅ kÀIyq-«p-IÄ B¡p-¶p. C¯cw kÀIyq-«p-Isf Pn.än tÌj-\p-I-fp-ambn _Ôn-¸n-¡p-¶p. Hcp sabn³ kÀIyq-«nÂHcp Pn.än tÌj³ apXÂ ASp¯ Pn.än tÌj³ hsc-bpÅ _u-dnsb sabn³ sse³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

CâÀs]mfm-täUv tÌj³: Hdn-Pn-\Â kÀsh ka-b¯v Øm]n- n-«pÅ tÌj-\nÂ \n¶pw ]pXp-Xmbn Hcp {Smthgvkv sse³XpS-§mt\m Ah-km-\n-¸n-¡mt\m Ign-bm-sXbpw XS-Êw-aqew ]c-kv]cw ImWm³ Ign-bm-sXbpw hcp¶ kµÀ`-§-fnÂ Hdn-Pn-\Â ûdn sse\nÂ ]pXp-Xmbn Hcp sse³ t]mbnâv ^nIvkv sN¿p-¶p. C¯-c-¯nÂ ]pXp-Xmbn GÀs¸-Sp- p¶tÌjs\ CâÀs]m-fm-täUv tÌj³ F¶p ]d-bp¶p.



IUm-kv{SÂ kÀsÆ (dh\yq kÀsÆ): dh\yq c-W-¯nsâ Bh-iy- n-te-¡p-thn hkvXp¡sf Ah-bpsS ssIh-im-\p-`-h-a-\p-k-cn¨v AXnÀ¯n Xncn v kÀsh sNbvXv hnkvXoÀ®w IW-¡m¡n Icw \nÝ-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-te¡pw aäpw DÅ Bh-iy- n-te-¡mbn \S-¯p¶ kÀsÆsb dh\yq kÀsh/IUm-kv{SÂ kÀsÆ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

Pntbm-U-änIv kÀsÆ: qan Hcp tKmf-am-Wv. F¶mÂ sNbn³, ¹bn³ tS_nÄ, {Smthgvkv XpS-§nb kÀsÆ tPmen-IÄ¡v qan]c-¶-XmWv F¶ XXz-amWv kzoI-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. qan-bpsS hen¸-hp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ taÂ {]kvXm-hn¨XcwkÀsÆ tPmen-IÄ Xptemw sNdp-Xm-Wv. Bb-Xn-\mÂ qan-bpsS IÀhvUv tj¸v ¹m\ns\ _m[n-¡p-¶n-Ã.

F¶mÂ henb cmPy-§-fpsS `q]Sw X¿m-dm-¡p-t¼mÄ taÂ¸-dª XXzw kzoIm-cy-a-Ãm-Xm-Ip-¶p. At¸mÄ `qan-bpsS tKmfm-

IrXn IW-¡n-se-Sp-t¡-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. C¯-c-¯nÂ `qan-bpsS tKmfm-IrXn IqSn IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v kÀsh sN¿p-¶-Xns\ Pntbm-sU-änIv kÀsÆ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

Cu kÀsÆ {]Imcw Hcp {]tZ-i-¯nsâ hnkvXoÀ®w IrXy-ambn FSp-¡m³ Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. Pntbm-sU-änIv kÀsÆ-bnÂ

[mcmfw t]mbnâp-IÄ \nÝ-bn-¡p-¶p. C¯cw t]mbnâp-Isf ss{Sbm³Kp-te-j³ tÌj³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p. Ch-bpsS bYmÀ°Øm\-§fpw ]c-kv]cw _Ô-§fpw IrXy-X-tbmsS Ip-]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-thn C¯cw tÌj-\p-Isf _Ô-s¸-Sp¯n {Sbmw-Kp-

te-j³ kÀsÆ \S-¯p-¶p. CXns\ {SnKvt\msa{Sn-¡Â kÀsÆ AYhm ss{Sbmw-Kp-te-j³ kÀsÆ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

k_vsÌ³kv _mÀ

hfsc Ing¡mw Xq¡mb Øe-§-fnepw Xntbm-U-sseäv D]-tbm-Kn¨v {Sbmw-Kp-te-j³ \S¯n Zqcw Ip-]n-Sn-¡m³ Ign-bm¯hn[w t_bvkv sebn³ hbv¡m³ Ign-bm¯ hn[-¯n-epÅ Øe-§-fnepw Xntbm-U-sseäv IÃp-IÄ X½n-epÅ AIew IW-¡p-hgn Ip-]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ D]-I-c-W-amWv k_vsÌ³kv _mÀ skâ-dnwKv \S-¯m-\pÅ kuI-cy-t¯m-Sp-IqSnHcp ap¡men ÌmânÂ LSn¸n-¨n-«p-ÅXpw \nÝnX \of- n-ep-Å-Xp-amb k_vsÌ³kv _mÀ Hcp tÌj-\nepw Xntbm-U-sse-äv, ASp¯tÌj-\nepw skäv sNbvX-tijw Xntbm-U-sse-änÂ¡qSn k_vsÌ³kv _mdnsâ Ccp hi-§fpw \nco-£n¨v tImW-fhv IrXy-ambnFSp-¡-Ww. C{]-Imcw e`n-¡p¶ tImW-fhpw k_vsÌ³kv _mdnsâ \ofhpw h¨p-sImv ss{Sbmw-Kp-t\m-sa-{Sn-¡Â t^mÀape{]Imcw tÌj-\p-IÄ X½n-epÅ Zqcw Ip-]n-Sn-¡mw.

shÀ\n-bÀ kvsIbnÂ

Hcp sabn³ kvsIbn-ensâ Hmtcm Unhn-j\pw AXnsâ `mK-§fpw AXn kq£va-ambn hmbn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-thn X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p¶ kvsIbnÂ BWv shÀ\n-bÀ kvsIbnÂ

Prismatic Compass

`mcw Ipd-ªXpw sImp \S-¡m³ kuI-cy-{]-Z-hp-amb Cu D]-I-cWw 1814 Â Captain Henry Kater BWv Ip-]n-Sn-¨-Xv.

Refixing of missing theodolite survey stones

Original SurveybnÂ Øm]n¨ XntbmUsseäv tÌj\pIÄ ImWmXmbmÂ HdnPn\Â kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUv D]-tbm-Kn¨v AhbYm-Øm-\¯p Øm]n-¡p¶ {]{In-b-bmWv Traverse station refixing.

Traverse station refix sN¿p¶Xn\v original record Ifmb field book, sketch, village map F¶nh BhiyamWv.

Refixing tPmen Hcp Traverse station-Â \n¶v Bcw`n¨v asämcp Traverse station -Â Ahkm\n¸nt¡XmWv.Ahkm\n¸n¡p¶ station- Â hcp¶ accumulated error FÃm station Ifnepw Xpeyambn hoXn¨p\ÂIWw. sXäpIÄ XpeyambnhoXn¡pt¼mÄ sse\fhpIfnÂ FdÀ adjust sNt¿Xpw tImWfhpIfnÂ amäw hcp¯m³ ]mSnÃm¯XpamWv. tImWfhpIfnÂcorrection sImSp¡pIbmsW¦nÂ Xs¶ aq¶p an\nän\p apIfnÂ Hcp station-Â sImSp¡m³ ]mSnÃ.

A\phZ\obamb sXäpIÄ (allowable errors)

20 aoätdm AXnÂ Ipdthm DÅ Zqc¯n\v þ 2 sUkoaoäÀ20 aoäÀ apXÂ 100 aoäÀ hsc þ 4sUko aoäÀ100 aoädnÂ IqSpXÂ hcp¶ Zqc¯n\v þ 100aoädn\p apIfnÂ hcp¶ Hmtcm 50 aoädn\pw 2 deci

F¶ {Ia¯nÂ.do^nIvknwKv tPmen ]qÀ¯nbm¡nbtijw kÀsÆbÀ refixing sketch-Dw refixing field book Dw X¿mdm¡Ww.



1. Hcp ka- p-P-{Xn-tImWw \nÀ½n v XS-Ê-s¸« {Smthgvkv tÌj³ do nIvkv sN¿p¶ hn[w

B Station-Â XntbmUsseäv fix sNbvXv Xmev¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä \S¯pI. Theodolite - sâ enw_nÂ Lower clap-

Dw D]tbmKn¨v 00 hcp¯pI. ‘A’ Station interest sNbvXtijw telescope clockwise direction - Â Xncn¨v 1850. 1000-ÂsImphcpI. (125.10.00 + 600 = 185010‘00’). Cu BwKnÄ hcp¶ Ubd£\nÂ 40.0m Af¶v E F¶ point ImWpI.AXn\ptijw \ntbmUsseäv E F¶ point-Â set sNbvXv XmXv¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä \S¯n enw_nÂ O0 hbv¡pI. ‘B’

station lower clamp-Dw target-Dw D]tbmKn v interest sNbvXv, telescope 600 bnÂ Xncn¨v B Ubd£\nÂ 40.0 aoäÀ Af¶phbv¡pI CXmbncn¡pw \jvSs¸« C F¶ IÃnsâ Øm\w.

2. ZoÀL-N-Xpcw \nÀ½n v do^nIvkv sN¿p¶ hn[w

Traverse line ABCD bnÂ A, B, D F¶nh qanbnÂ Dmbncn¡pIbpw C F¶ Point-se IÃv \jvSs¸«ncn¡pIbpwBC line Hcp hoSn\mÂ XSÊs¸«nc¡pIbpw sNbvXmÂ \jvSs¸« XntbmUsseäv tÌm¬ Hcp ZoÀLNXpcw \nÀ½n¨v]p\xØm]n¡p¶Xn\v XntbmUsseäv BZyambn B F¶ tÌj\nÂ fix sNbvXv Xmev¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä ]qÀ¯nbm¡pI.

AXn\ptijw lower clamp-Dw tangent -Dw D]tbmKn¨v Horizontal limb-Â ‘0’ degree set sN¿pI.

Lower clamp-Dw tangent-Dw D]tbmKn v A station intersect sNbvXv telescope clock wise direction-Â Xncn v 215010’00"

hcp¶ ZnibnÂ (1250.10S00T+900) kuIcy{]Zamb Zqcw (20.0m) Af¶p h¨v point F ImWpI. AXn\ptijw F F¶ tÌj\nÂtheodolite fix sNbvXv XmXv¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä \S¯pI. Lower clamp-Dw tangent-Dw D]tbmKn¨v B station interest

sN¿pI. clockwise direction -Â telescope Xncn¨v 900 hcp¯pI. B sse\nÂ 40.0 aoäÀ (BC line - sâ \ofw) Af¶ph¨vpoint E mark sN¿pI. A\´cw E F¶ station -Â XntbmUsseäv fix sNbvXv XmXv¡menI {IaoIcWw \S¯pI. O0 set

sNbvXtijw lower clamp-Dw tangent-Dw D]tbmKn¨v back station intersect sNbvXv telescope 900 Xncn¨v B sse\nÂ20.0 aoäÀ Af¶ph¨v Hcp point ImWpI CXmbncn¡pw \jvSs¸« C F¶p ]cntim[n¡p¶Xn\v DCE F¶ BwKnÄ FSp¡pI.Cu BwKnÄ 3600- (1860 15’00" + 900) = 3600 - 2760 15’00’ = 83045’00" Bbncn¡pw.

3. H»nIv {Sbm-¦nÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v do^nIvkv sN¿p¶ hn[w

AB

125.10.00

40.0

C

D

40.0

600

40.0

186.1

5.00

---missing

600

600

A B125.10.00

40.0

C

D

40.0

186.1

5.00

---missing

8.0

8.0

A B

120.08.00

40.0

C

D81.18.00

32.0

255.1

0.00

---missing

E



LABE = 206028’00" (Observed angle)

LABC = 125010’00" (Recorded angle)

LCBE = 81018’00"

BC = 40.0 (Recorded distance)

BE = 32.0 (Measured distance)

Traverse line ABCD bnÂ A,B,D F¶o tÌj\pIÄ `qanbnepv. C- station missing BWv.

C station HdnPn\Â AfhpIÄ h¨v do^nIvkv sN¿p¶Xn\v B Station-Dw C Station - sâ GItZi point -Dw

ImW¯¡hn[w E F¶ point ImWpI. BE, CE F¶nh Af¡phm³ Ignbp¶Xmbncn¡Ww. XntbmUsseäv ‘B’tÌj\pIÄ

h¨v XmXv¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä sN¿pI. Back Station A intersect sNbvXv repetition coXnbnÂ LABE FSp¡pI. BE Zqcw

Af¡pI. Ct¸mÄ FSp¯ LABE (2060.28’.00") bnÂ \n¶v recorded angle 1250.10.00" Ipdbv¡pI. At¸mÄ

81018’00"In«pw. Triabgle CBE bnÂ \n¶v BC, BE, LCBE F¶nh e`n¨n«pv. LBEC, LECB F¶nhbpw EC Zqchpw

solution of triangle D]tbmKn v Ip]nSn¡mw. E tÌj\nÂ XntbmUsseäv Øm]n v XmXv¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä sNbvXtijw

Horizontal limb-Â zero degree set sNbvXv lower clamp-bpw tangent -Â D]tbmKn¨v B Station intersect sN¿pI.

Telescope clockwise direction-Â Xncn¨v BZyw IW¡phgn Ip]nSn¨ BCE angle -sâ ZnibnÂ IW¡phgn Ip]nSn¨

EC Zqcw Af¶ph¨v C F¶ point ImWpI. CXmbncn¡pw \jvSs¸« IÃnsâ Øm\w.

4. XpSÀ -bmb cp IÃp-IÄ ImWm-Xm-hp-Ibpw sse\p-IÄ ]c-kv]cw ImWm³ km[n-¡msX hcp-Ibpw sNbvXmÂB IÃp-IÄ do nIvkv sN¿p¶ hn[w

LFBA = 105.25.00 (Observed angle)

LABC = 125.10.00 (Recorded angle)

LCBF = 129.25.00 (360-(105.25.00 + 125.10.00)

BC = 40.0 (Recorded angle)

BF = 31.4(Measured distance)

Traverse line ABCDE -bnÂ Station A, B, E F¶nh `qanbnÂ Dv. Station Cbpw Dbpw missing BWv. Traverse line BC

bpw sI«nS§fmÂ XSÊs¸«ncn¡p¶p. Original field Book D]tbmKn¨v station C-bpw Station D-bpw refix sN¿p¶Xn\vXntbmUsseäv B F¶ tÌj\nÂ Øm]n¨ tijw XmXv¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä \S¯pI.

Reception method-Â LFBA ImWpI. CXv 1050 25’00"BsW¶ncn¡s«. Ct¸mÄ {SbmwKnÄ BCF-bnÂ LB, IW¡pIÄ)Ip]nSn¡mw. BF Zqcw Af¡pI. {XntImWw BCF-Â BC, (recorded measurement) BF, (measured distance) DÄt¡m¬B F¶nh Adnbmhp¶Xn\mÂ _m¡nbpÅ tIm¬ F, tIm¬ C, Zqcw CF F¶nh IW¡phgn Ip]nSn¡mw.

XntbmUsseäv ]pXpXmbn Øm]n¨ F F¶ tÌj\nÂ Øm]n v XmXv¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä \S¯nbtijw IW¡phgnIp]nSn¨ LBFC bpw FC Zqchpw `qanbnÂ Af¶p hbv¡pI. CXmbncn¡pw \jvSs¸« C F¶ IÃnsâ Øm\w.

AXpt]mse {XntImWw CDF-Â aq¶v AfhpIÄ In«nbn«pv. (CD - recorded measurement, CF - IW¡phgnIp]nSn¨ Zqcw, DÄt¡m¬ DCF = 360 - (1860 15’00" + IW¡phgn Ip]nSn¨ BwKnÄ FCB)]. Cu AfhpIÄ h¨psImvLCFD, LFDC, distance FD F¶nh IW¡phgn Ip]nSn¡mw. B AfhpIÄ `qanbnÂ Af¶p h¨v ImWmXmb ‘D’F¶tÌjsâ Øm\w Ip]nSn¡mw.

AB

120.08.00

40.0

C

D

31.4

---missing

E

212.21.20

---missing

F



sNbvX refixing tPmen icnbmtWm F¶p ]cntim[n¡p¶Xn\v reception method-Â EDF F¶ BwKnÄ IW¡m¡pI.AXv 3600 - (212021’00" + LFDC) Bbncn¡pw.

Double Base Triangulation

Hcp sse³ t\cn«v Af¡m³ Ignbp¶nsÃ¦nÂ cp shtÆsd s_bvkv D]tbmKn¨v {SbmwKpteäv sNbvXv Ip]nSn¡mw.

A bpw B bpw. Hcp \ZnbpsS Ccp IcIfnepapÅ tÌj\pIÄ BWv. AB Zqcw N§esImv Af¡m³ IgnbpIbnÃ.AXpsImv AB side hc¯¡hn[w cp {XntImW§Ä Dm¡pI. AXn\mbn Abpw Bbpw ImW¯¡hn[w C, D F¶ocp t]mbnâpIÄ Øm]n¡pI. AD, AC F¶nh Af¡pI. LBDA, LDAB F¶nhbpw LBAC, LACB F¶nhbpw regretition

method-Â Ip]nSn¡pI.

{SnKtWmsaSn¡Â t^mÀape D]tbmKn¨v AB sse\nsâ Zqcw Ip]nSn¡mhp¶XmWv.

ie., a = b = c

Sin A Sin B Sin C and

a = b = d

Sin A Sin B Sin D

{XntImW§Ä Dm¡pt¼mÄ tImWpIÄ 30 0 bnÂ Ipdbmt\m 120 0 bnÂ IqSmt\m ]mSnÃ.

TOWN SURVEY

tIcfm kÀsÆ AXncSbmf \nba¯nse 4þmw hIp¸\pkcn¨v Hcp SuWnsâ kÀsÆ sN¿m³ D¯chp ]pds¸Sphn¨pIgnªmÂ kÀsÆ HmôkÀ 6(1) {]ImcapÅ t\m«n^nt¡j³ KkänÂ ]ckys¸Spt¯XmWv.

kÀsÆ tPmen Bcw`n¡p¶Xn\p ap¼mbn kÀsÆ sN¿m³ Dt±in¡p¶ XobXn ap³Iqdmbn ap\nkn¸Â I½ojWÀ,BÀ.Un.H, PnÃmIfIvSÀ F¶nhsc Adnbn¡Ww. kÀsÆbv¡v Bhiyamb HdnPn\Â dn¡mÀUpIÄ sk³{SÂ kÀsÆ Hmôkv,Xmeq¡v Hmôkv, IfIvSdpsS Hmôkv F¶nhnS§fnÂ \n¶v IfIväv sNt¿XmWv. am¸pIfnÂ ap³kn¸Â I½ojWÀNpaXes¸Sp¯p¶ Hcp DtZymKØsâ klmb¯mÂ SuWnsâ AXnÀ¯n ASbmfs¸Sp¯Ww. C¯cw am¸pIfpsS]IÀ¸pIÄ FSp¯v AXnÂ ap\nkn¸Â hmÀUv AXnÀ¯nIfpw AXn\I¯phcp¶ hntÃPnsâ AXnÀ¯nbpwASbmfs¸Sp¯Ww. IqSmsX kÀsÆbv¡pthn hmÀUpIsf t»m¡pIfmbn Xncn¨v Ahbpw ASbmfs¸Sp¯Ww. C§s\ASbmfs¸Sp¯nb Tracing copy-sb Index Map F¶p ]dbp¶p.

hmÀUpIsf 4 slIvSÀhscbpÅ closed Block Ifmbpw 4 apXÂ 15 hsc slIvSÀ hnkvXrXnbpÅ Hm¸¬t»m¡pIfmbpw Xncn¡p¶p. t»m¡pIfpsS AXnÀ¯nIÄ Ignbp¶Xpw natural boundary Bbncn¡Ww. Hcp ImcWhimepwHcp t»m¡v cp hmÀUpIfnÂ DÄs¸Sp¯m³ ]mSnÃ. Adjoining ward boundary Hcp hntÃPv / JWvUw _udn Bbnhcps¶¦nÂ B _udn follow sNt¿XmWv.

Town Survey sN¿pt¼mÄ ssIhi¡mcpsS AXnÀ¯nIfnÂ kÀsÆ¡ÃpIÄ¡p ]Icw Npatcm, aXntem Ds¦nÂ kÀsÆt]mbnâpIÄ Bhiyambn hcp¶ `mK§fnÂ Tar sImv mark sN¿Ww. amÀ¡v sN¿m³ kuIcyanÃm¯ Øe¡pdhnÂ

B

D

A

C

82.17.00

88.4

7.00

117.23.00

56.1

2.0

0



kÀsÆ¡ÃpIfpsS ASbmf§Ä¡p ]pdsa apIÄ¸çnÂ a²y`mK¯v 7 skâ naoäÀ hiw hcp¶ Hcp kaNXpcw. HcpskânaoäÀ XmgvNbnÂ sIm¯nbncn¡Ww.

Boundary demarcation

Index Map-Â ASbmfs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶ Block boundary A\pkcn v BZyambn Town-sâ Boundary Traverse sN¿Ww.GsX¦nepw HdnPn\Â traverse boundary bnÂ \n¶pw start sNt¿Xpw AXpt]mse close sNt¿XpamWv. AXn\ptijwward boundarybpw block boundary bpw survey sN¿Ww. kÀsÆ sN¿pt¼mÄ SuWn\I¯v GsX¦nepw Trigonometical

station Ds¦nÂ AXpambpw traverse lineIÄ _Ôs¸Spt¯XmWv.

Field demarcation

Field demarcation XpS§p¶Xn\pap¼mbn Hmtcm Øe¯ntâbpw DSaØcpsSbpw ssIhi¡mcptSbpw hnhc§Ämunicipal/corporation I½ojWÀamcnÂ \n¶pw tiJcn¨v Øe¯p ]cntim[n¨v hnhc§Ä tiJcnt¡XmWv. ]pdt¼m¡v`qan ap³ kÀsÆ dn¡mÀU\pkcn¨v UoamÀt¡äv sN¿Ww. Hmtcm ssIhihpw {]tXyI kÀsÆ \¼cmbn ]cnKWn¨v _udnIfnÂkÀsÆ tÌm¬ ¹mâv sN¿Ww. GsX¦nepw ssIhi§Ä X½nÂ hyàamb AXnÀ¯nbmÃmsX XÀ¡ambn InS¡pIbmsW¦nÂdh\yq dn¡mÀUpIfpw ap\nk¸Â dn¡mÀUpIfpa\pkcn¨v AXnÀ¯n \nÀ®bw \S¯n demarcate sN¿Ww. IÃpIÄØm]n¡m³ ]äm¯ Øe§fnÂ Øncamb aXntem atäm Ds¦nÂ SmÀ sImv 12cm \of¯nepw 7cm hoXnbnepw sX§SbmfwamÀ¡v sN¿Ww. Block Map-sâ Triplicate copy-Â Idp¯ ajnbnÂ B t»m¡nse kÀsÆ oÂUpIÄ hc¨pImWn¡Ww.CXns\ demarcation sketch of the block F¶p ]dbp¶p. A\[nIrX ssItbäw \oeajnbnÂ tcJs¸Sp¯Ww. Hmtcmt»m¡ntâbpw DÅnÂ hcp¶ ôÂUpIÄ¡v XpSÀ¨bmb \¼À sImSp¡bpw AhbpsS field register, revenue account -

Dw municipal account-Dw A\pkcn¨v X¿mdm¡Ww.

Traverse line IfnÂ \nt¶m interior traverse sse\pIfnÂ \nt¶m Tile sse\pIfnÂ \nt¶m field boundary bnepÅkÀsÆ¡ÃpIÄ¡v Hm^vsseäv FSp¯v tcJs¸Sp¯Ww. IqSmsX Topogrephical details-Dw ASbmfs¸Sp¯Ww. aqt¶mAXne[nItam street roadIÄ H¶n¨p tNcp¶ t]mbnâpIfnÂ \nÀ_Ôambpw XntbmUsseäv tÌmWpIÄ Øm]n¡Ww.

F¶mÂ t»m¡nsâ NpäXnÀ¯nbnÂ Øm]n¡p¶ XntbmUsseäv IÃpIfnÂ \n¶pw t»m¡p\pÅnse ssIhimXnÀ¯nIfnÂØm]n¨ncn¡p¶ ôÂUv tÌmWn\v Hm^vskäv FSp¡m³ ]äm¯hn[w sR§nsRcp§n hoSpItfm, aäp henb XSÊ§tfmDs¦nÂ A¯cw kµÀ`§fnÂ t»m¡v _udnbnÂ IqSnbpÅXn\p ]pdsa Bhiyambn hcp¶ additional traverse

sse\pIÄ GÀs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. XntbmUsseäv IÃpIÄ X½nepÅ AIew 80 aoädnÂ IqSm³ ]mSnÃ. F¶mÂ Hm¸¬t»m¡pIfnÂ XntbmUssedvdv IÃpIÄ X½nÂ ]ckv]cw hyàambn ImWmhp¶ Zqc¯nÂ BImhp¶XmWv. Road, street

F¶nhbnÂ IqSn traverse demancate sN¿pt¼mÄ IÃpIÄ tdmUnsâ a²y`mK¯v \m«msX side Â alternate Bbn plant

sNt¿XmWv. a²y`mK¯v \mt«Xmbn h¶mÂ A¯cw kµÀ`§fnÂ {Sm^nIv XSÊw DmIm¯ coXnbnÂ tdmUv \nçnÂ\n¶pw 7 skânaoäÀ XmgvNbnÂ BImhp¶XmWv. Cu IÃpIÄ¡v ASp¯pÅ permanent object IfnÂ \n¶pw tie sse\pIÄAf¶v ôÂUv _p¡nÂ tcJs¸Spt¯XmWv. Open locality IfnÂ 1/3 `mKw a®n\papIfnÂ ImW¯¡hn[w IÃpIÄØm]n¡Ww.

XntbmUsseäv IÃpIÄ X½nepÅ AIew hfsc IrXyambn Aft¡XmWv. 1/5000 F¶ tXmXnÂ sketch X¿mdm¡Ww.AXnÂ block boundary, red ink -Â dotted sse\mbn tcJs¸Sp¯Ww. ]gb _udnbpw traverse sse\pIfpw black ink-epw hntÃPv _udn thick sse\mbpw khandom boundary broken sse\mbpw ImWn¡Ww. Topographical details

ASbmfs¸Sp¯Ww.

Hmtcm hmÀUnepw hcp¶ t»m¡pIÄ North west corner-Â \n¶pw XpS§n kocnbembn \¼À sImSn¡Ww. PnÃ,Xmeq¡v, hntÃPv, Town ward-sâ \¼À, t]cv F¶nh sketchþ\p apIfnÂ FgpXWw. ]pXnb XntbmUsseäv IÃpIÄ¡v Nph¶ajnsImv \¼À sImSp¡Ww. sketch -sâ Xmsg heXp hi¯mbn date of commencement and date of completion of

demancation, number of theodolite stones planted each month, signature of the surveyor F¶nh DÄs¸Sp¶ Hcp abstract

-Dw tNÀ¡Ww. C§s\ X¿mdm¡p¶ sketch-s\ Rough block map F¶p ]dbp¶p.



A²ym-bwþ 6

tamtU¬ kÀtÆ

BapJw

`mc-X-kÀ¡mÀ Bhn-jv¡-cn¨p \S-¸m-¡n-h-cp¶ \mj-WÂ emâv dn¡mÀUvkv tamtUssW-tk-j³ t{]m{Kmw (NLRMP)þ

sâ Nph-Sp-]n-Sn¨v kwØm-\-¯nsâ kÀtÆ þ dh\yq hIp- p-I-fnÂ Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn hcp-t¯ amä-§sf ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp-

¯n-bmWv kÀth-þ-d-h\yq DtZym-K-ØÀ¡mbn Cu ]mTy-]-²Xn X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. `qan-bpsS hn\n-tbm-K-¯n-tâbpw `qtc-J-IÄ

A´m-cm-jv{S-\n-e-hm-c-¯n-\-\p-k-cn¨v X¿m-dm¡n kwc-£n-bvt¡Xn-tâbpw Bh-iy-IX t_m²y-s -Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Hcp kµÀ`-

ambn CXns\ ImtWXmWv. \ne-hn-epÅ kÀth coXn-I-fnepw `qtc-J-I-fpsS kwc-£-W-¯nepw Imtem-Nn-X-amb ]cn-jv¡m-c-

§Ä Bhn-jv¡-cn¨v \S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xnsâ Nph-Sp-h-bv]mWv Cu ]cn-io-e\w sImv Dt±-in-bv¡p-¶-Xv. `qan-bpsS GsX-¦n-ep-samcp

tImWnÂ kz´w hmk-Øm\w Is¯n Ign-tbn hcp¶ Hcp ]uc\v hncÂ¯p¼neqsS e`y-am-Ip¶ CâÀs\äv irwJ-e-bn-eqsS

]c-¼-cm-K-X-ambn e`n¨ Hcp Xpv `qan-bpsS Gähpw ]pXnbhnh-c-§Ä t]mepw e`y-am-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ Hcp ]pXnb kmt¦-XnI

kuI-cy-amWv \mw hn`m-h\ sN¿p-¶-Xv. `qtc-J-I-fpsS kpXm-cy-X, `qan-bpsS ZpÀhn-\n-tbmKw XS-bp-¶-Xn-\pÅ Gähpw A\n-hm-

cyhpw Ffp-¸-hp-amb amÀ¤w, Hmtcm {]tZ-i-¯n-tâbpw `qhn-\n-tbm-K-¯nsâ bYmÀ° Nn{Xw F¶nh IrXy-ambn tcJ-s¸-Sp¯n

kq£n-bv¡m³ Ign-bp¶ Pntbm-{Km-^n-¡Â C³^Àta-j³ knÌw (GIS), B[p-\nI kÀth-bpsS kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv, dh-\yq, kÀth,

cPn-kvt{S-j³ hIp- p-I-fpsS GtIm-]n-¸n- pÅ {]hÀ¯-\-amWv A\-[n-IrX `qan-ssI-tb-ä-§-fp-tS-bpw, kÀ¡mÀ A[o-\-X-bn-

epÅ `qan \nb-am-\p-kr-X-a-Ãm¯ coXn-I-fn-eqsS kz´-am-¡p¶ {]h-W-X-I-tfbpw CÃm-Xm-¡m³ klm-bn-¡p¶sX¶ ap³hn-[n-

tbmsS thWw Cu ]²-Xn-bnÂ \mw ]¦m-fn-I-fm-th--Xv.

B[p-\n-I-hÂ¡-cWw kÀth- h-Ip-¸nÂ

kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS hnIm-k-¯nsâ ^e-ambn FÃm cwK¯pw hn¹-h-I-c-amb IpXn-¨p-Nm-«-amWv Dm-bn-«p-Å-Xv. kÀth

hIp- nsâ Imcyw ]cn-tim-[n-¨mÂ, Zqc-a-f-¡m³ N§-ebpw tImWp-IÄ Af-¡p-¶-Xn\v Xntbm-U-sseäpw D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp¶ Øm\-

¯v, BZyw EDM am]n-\n-bpw, XpSÀ¶v Zqcw, Øm\-\nÀ®-bw, Dbcw F¶nh IrXy-ambn \nÀ®-bn-bv¡m³ Ign-bp¶ tSm«ÂtÌ-j³

(Total Station Positioning System), kmä-sseäv \mhn-tK-j³ t¥m_Â s]mkn-j-WnwKv knÌw (GPS) F¶o B[p-\nI kmt¦-

XnI amÀ¤-§fpw D]-tbm-Kn-bv¡m³ XpS-§n. IrXy-amb tUäbpw Bbm-k-c-ln-X-amb {]hÀ¯-\-co-Xnbpw taÂ¸-dª D]-I-c-W-

§-fpsS apJy-amb KpW-§-fm-Wv.

AXp-t]mse Xs¶ t]\bpw kvsIbn-ep-ap-]-tbm-Kn¨v kvsI¨p-IÄ Xbm-dm-¡n-bn-cp¶ Ime-L-«-¯nÂ\n¶v _lp-Zqcw

ap¶n-se¯n AXym-[p-\nI I¼yq-«À tkm^vävshb-dp-IÄ (Liscad, Bentley map, Arc GIS, Erdas Imagine) D]-tbm-Kn¨v am¸p-

IÄ Xbm-dm¡n \qdp-I-W-¡n\p hÀj-§Ä tISp-]-ämsX kq£n-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kmt¦-XnI hnZybpw kÀth hIp- n\v kzmb-¯-

am-bn-¡-gn-ªp. taÂ¸-dª kmt¦-XnI hnZy-IÄ tIc-f-kw-Øm-\-¯nsâ dh\yq c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-¯nÂ D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp¯n kwØm-

\s¯ C³Uy³ dn¸-»n-¡nsâ ap¶n-se-¯n-bv¡m-\pÅ Hcp ZuXy-amWv \ap¡p ap¶n-ep-Å-Xv.

\½psS `qan (The Earth)

`qan-kw-_-Ô-amb kvsI¨p-Ifpw am¸p-Ifpw Xbm-dm-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ap³]mbn `qan-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Nne ASn-Øm-\-hn-h-c-§Ä

Adn-tb--Xm-bn-«p-v. `qan-bpsS bYmÀ°-cq-]w, D]-cn-X-e- nÂ \mw \S-¯p¶ Af-hp-Ifpw Ah-bpsS tcJ-s -Sp-¯-ep-I-fpw,

`utam-]cnXe-¯n-epÅ Hmtcm _nµp-hn-tâbpw Øm\-\nÀ®bw XpS§n H«-\-h-[n-Im-cy-§Ä. `qansb kw_-Ôn¨ ]T-\-§Ä¡mbn

Hcp imkv{X-im-J-X-s¶-bp-v. AXns\ Pntbm-Ukn (Geodesy) F¶v Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. Pntbm-U-kn-bnÂ AXym-hiyw Adn-ªn-cn-

bvt¡ Nne kmt¦-XnI Imcy-§Ä Xmsg-tNÀ¡p-I-bm-Wv.

`qan-bpsS D]-cn-Xew (Physical Surface of the Earth)

`qan-bpsS D]-cn-Xew Hcp-]-c¶ {]X-e-am-sW¶pw (Plane Surface) Bb-Xn-\mÂ D]-cn-X-e- nÂ \S-¯p¶ FÃm Af-hp-

Ifpw IrXy-X-bp-Å-Xm-sW-¶p-am-bn-cp¶p ]pcm-X-\-Im-e-L-«-¯nÂ hniz-kn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. Kth-j-W-§fpw AXp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«p-mb

\nK-a-\-§-fp-tSbpw ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ \mw hkn-bv¡p¶ `qan Hcp ]c¶ {]X-e-a-sÃ¶pw adn¨v tKmfm-Ir-Xn-bn-epÅ Hcp hkvXp-hm-



sW¶pw Is-¯p-I-bp-m-bn. CXp icn-h-bv¡p¶ Xc-¯nÂ \nc-h[n \nco-£-W-§fpw ]T-\-dn-t¸mÀ«p-Ifpw ]nÂ¡m-e¯v Dm-

hp-Ibpw Ah-bn-seÃmw Xs¶ `qan-bpsS tKmfm-IrXn Ønco-I-cn-bv¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-Å-Xp-am-Wv.

tKmfm-Ir-Xn-sb¶p kmam-\y-ambn ]d-bp-¶p-sh-¦nepw qan-bpsS AhØ XnI¨pw Hcp tKmf-¯n\v (Sphere) tNcp-¶-X-sÃ¶v

]nÂ¡m-e \nco-£-W-§-fnÂ \n¶v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-ªp. tImgn-ap-«-bpsS BIr-Xn-bnÂ Hcp `mKw \op IqÀ¯ Hcp Fen-

]vtkm-bnUv (Ellipsoid) cq]-amWv `qan-bp-tS-sX¶v imkv{Xob ]co-£-W-§-fmepw _ln-cmImi¯p-\n¶pw FSp-¯n-«pÅ `qan-bpsS

Nn{X-§-fnÂ \n¶pw IrXy-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn¨v D]-cn-X-e- nÂ \S-¯p¶ Af-hp-Isf {Iao-I-cn-bv¡p-¶-Xn-

\mbpw tcJm-Nn-{X-§Ä Xbm-dm-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ambpw Nne {]tXyI Xnb-dn-IÄ cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Hcp Mathematical shape

epw \nÀh-Nn-bv¡m³ Ign-bm¯ `qan-bpsS BIr-Xnsb hcp-Xn-bn-em¡n Bh-iy-amb IW-¡p-Iq-«-ep-IÄ \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\mbn ùtam-

]-cn-X-es¯ IrXy-amb Af-hp-Ifpw Parameter Ifpw DÅ imkv{Xob cq]-L-S-\-bn-te¡v amän C¶v \mw ImWp¶ coXn-bn-epÅ

Af-hp-Ifpw am¸p-Ifpw Xbm-dm-¡p-¶-XnÂ Geodesy F¶ imkv{X-imJ ssIh-cn¨ t\«w hfsc hep-Xm-Wv.

GXv Af-hp-I-fpw, \of-am-bmepw BwKntfm Db-ctam Bbmepw Bcw- n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Hcp reference point AsÃ-¦nÂ reference

line FÃm-hÀ¡pw Adn-bm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. \ofw F¶p-]-d-bp-t¼mÄ AXv Hcp _nµp-hnÂ \n¶pw asämcp _nµp-hn-te-¡p-Å-Xm-sW¶pw

tIm¬ (angle) F¶p \nÀh-Nn-bv¡p-t¼mÄ Hcp tI{µ-_n-µp-hnÂ\n¶pw DXv`hn¡p¶ Hcp tcJ-bnÂ\n¶pw AtX tI{µ-_n-µphnÂ

\n¶pw Dmbn«pÅ Af-hm-sW¶pw \ap-¡-dn-bmw. Cu cv DZm-l-c-W-§-fnepw Hcp Afhv Bcw-`n-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\v, AXv \of-am-

bmepw BwKn-fm-bm-epw, Hcp reference point AsÃ-¦nÂ reference line \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw Dm-bn-cn-bv¡-W-sa¶v ImWn-bv¡p-¶p.

C§s\ Af-hp-IÄ Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn \nP-s -Sp-¯n-bn-«pÅ {]X-e-§sf reference surfaceIÄ AsÃ-¦nÂ Datum F¶p

]d-bp-¶p.

d^d³jyÂ kÀ^kv (Umäw)

1.Physical surface of the earth (`qanbpsS D]cnXew)

\ap¡v ImWm³ Ignbp¶Xpw ùXnIambn \ne\nÂ¡p¶Xpamb (Physically existing) {]XeamWv `qanbpsS D]cnXew.Ip¶pIfpw Xmgvhmc§fpw almkap{Z§fpw sImv kar²ambXpw bmsXmcp t£{XKWnX amXrItbmSpw (Geometrical figure)

kmZyiyanÃm¯Xpamb H¶mWv `qambpsS BIrXn.

2. Mathematical surface (km¦ev]nI {]Xew)

`qanbpsS bYmÀ° D]cnXew Hcp t£{XKWnXamXrItbmSpw kmZriyanÃm¯Xn\mÂ B {]Xes¯ ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nbmsXmcp IW¡pIq«epw \S¯m³ Ignbm¯XmIp¶p. `qanbpsS tI{µ_nµphnÂ \n¶pw Zqcw (Radius) ]cntim[n¨mÂ ]eØe¯pw ]e AfhpIfmWv e`n¡p¶Xv. Cu {]XnkÔn XcWw sN¿p¶Xn\mbn ùaimkv{XRvP³amÀ ]e Xc¯nepÅkm¦ev]nI {]Xe§Ä \nÀhNn¡pIbpmbn. `qanbpsS bYmÀ° D]cnXet¯mSptNÀ¶p \nev¡p¶Xpw IrXyamb(Geometrical Shape-Â) BIr-Xn-bnÂ DÅXpamb Cu {]Xe§sf Ellipsoid F¶pw spheroid F¶pw Adnbs¸Sp¶p.

Ellisiod, spheroid

imkv{Xob \nco£W§Ä¡pw aäp IW¡pIq«epIÄ¡pambn \nÀhNn¨ncn¡p¶ Hcp km¦ev]nI {]Xe¯nsâ cq]wEllipse -sâ BIrXnbnemsW¦nÂ A¯cw {]Xe§sf Reference ellipsoid F¶pw adn¨v Sphere -sâ (tKmfw)BIrXnbnemsW¦nÂ Ahsb Reference spheroid F¶pw ]dbp¶p. C{]ImcapÅ Reference surface IÄ \nÀhNn¡pt¼mÄcp Xc¯nÂ Ahsb `qanbpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯p¶p. \nÀhNn¨ncn¡p¶ Ellipsoid sâtbm spheroid-sâtbm Geometric

centre `qanbpsS Geometric centre-Â Xs¶ tNÀ¶phcpt¼mÄ Ahsb Geometric Ellipsoid F¶pw AÃm¯hsb Local

ellipsoid F¶pw ]dbp¶p.

imkv{Xob amÀ¤§fneqsS Ip]nSnbv¡s¸Sp¶ {Xnam\cq] (Three-dimensional figures) LS\bpÅ spheroid-\vtI{µ_nµphnÂ \n¶pw D]cnXe¯nse GXp _nµphntebv¡pw Htc Zqcw (redius) Xs¶ Bbncn¡pw. Ellipsoid surface Ifpw{Xnam\cq]¯nepÅXmsW¦nÂ AhbpsS tI{µ_nµphnÂ \n¶pw {]Xe nse _nµp¡fntebv¡pÅ Zqcw hyXymkambncn¡pw.

Geoid

km¦ev]nI {]Xe§fmb Ellipsoid,spheroid F¶nhsbIqSmsX aq¶masXmcp reference surface IqSn Geodesy bnÂ\nÀhNn¨n«pv. CXns\ Geoid F¶p ]dbp¶p. \nivNemhØbnepÅ ISÂ Pe\nçns\ (MSL - Mean Sea Level) qanbpsSD]cnXew apgph³ hn\ykn¡p¶Xmbn k¦Â¸n- mÂ In«p¶ {]XeamWv Geoidal surface. A§s\hcpt¼mÄ Geoidal surface

sâ BIrXn Hcp Ellipsoid t]mse Xs¶ BtIXmWv. F¶mÂ `qanbpsS {Kmhnän _ew aqew ]e Øe¯pw Geoid-sâBIrXnbnÂ hyXymkw kw`hn¡p¶Xmbn ImWmw.



`qanbpsS bYmÀ° D]cnXew (Physical surface)km¦ev]nI {]Xeamb Ellipsoid,Geoid F¶nhsb XmcXaywsNbvXncn¡p¶ Nn{XamWv Xmsg tNÀ¡p¶Xv. CXnÂ \n¶pw uaD]cnXe¯nÂ \S¯p¶ IW¡p Iq«epIÄ¡v D]Icn¡p¶]e LSI§fpw \ap¡v e`n¡p¶p.

A B = Ellipsoidal Height (h)CD = Orthometric Height (H)E F = Geoidal undulation (N)

h = H + N

N = h + H

Ellipsoid Ifpw Spheroid Ifpw \nÀhNn¡s¸Spt¼mÄ Hmtcm cmPyhpw AhcpsS kuIcy§Ä¡pw q]S\nÀ½mW¯n\vA\ptbmPyamb coXnbnepapÅ Ellipsoid IfmWv \nÀ½n¡mdpÅXv. kz´w cmPy¯nsâ `q]Sw \nÀ½n¡p¶Xn\pw AfhpIÄ{IaoIcn¡p¶Xn\pthn temI¯v FÃm cmPy§fpw Ahbv¡v th coXnbnepÅ Ellipsoid Ip]nSn¨n«pv. C³UybpsSkÀthbÀ P\dembncp¶ kÀ tPmÀÖv FhdÌmWv C³Uy DÄs¸«phcp¶ D]`qJWvU¯n\pthn Hcp Ellipsoid

Ip]nSn¨Xv. At±l¯nsâ HmÀ½bv¡mbn ]nÂ¡me¯v AXns\ Everest Ellipsoid F¶pw hnfn¡m³ XpS§pIbpw sNbvXp.

Everest Ellipsoid

C³Uy³ D]`qJWvU¯n\p thn kÀ tPmÀPv FhdÌv Ip]nSn¨ FhdÌv Fev]vtkmbnUnsâ ]mcmaoädpIÄ]cntim[n¡mw.

skantaPÀ BIvknkv (a) bpsS \ofw -6377301.243 aoäÀ.skanssa\À BIvknkv (b) bpsS \ofw- -6356100.231 aoäÀ.

`qanbpsS tI{µ_nµphpw Everest Ellipsoid sâ tI{µ_nµphpw hyXymkambXn\mÂ CsXmcp Geometric ellipsoid

AÃ. Everest Ellipsoid d^d³kv Bbn FSp¯mWv C³UybpsS `q]Sw X¿mdm¡nbn«pÅXv. Horizondal co-ordinate-IÄIW¡m¡p¶Xn\pw Compute sN¿p¶Xn\pw Cu Ellipsoid s\bmWv ASnØm\am¡nbncp¶Xv latitude Dw Longitude DwEllipsoid sâ tI{µ¯nÂ \n¶pÅ Zqchpw DÄs¸Sp¶ co-ordinate- IfpsS Origin(Bcw`Øm\w) D¯c{]tZinse IÃym¬]qÀF¶ ØeamIp¶p.

WGS84 Ellipsoid

Hmtcm cmPy§fpw AhbpsS D]tbmK¯n\mbn Hmtcm Ellipsoid IÄ Ip ]nSn¨n«ps¦nepw apgph³ H¶pt]mseD]tbmKn¡m³ Ignbp¶ Hcp reference Ellipsoid kao]Imew hsc Is¯nbncp¶nÃ. B Ipdhp \nI¯p¶Xn\mbnimkvXtemIw \nc´c]co£W§Ä \S¯nbXnsâ eambn 1984-Â Dm¡s¸«XmWv World Geodetic System84 AsÃ¦nÂWGS84 Ellipsoid F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ reference surface.

WGS84 Ellipsoid sâ {]tXyIXIÄ F´msW¶p t\m¡mw. qanbpsS KpcpXz tI{µhpw WGS84 Ellipsoidsâ tPmsa{SnIvskâdpw H¶mbXn\mÂ CsXmcp Geocentric Ellipsoid BWv. temI¯pÅ FÃm cmPy§tfbpw Cu EllipsoidÂDÄs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶XpImcWw FÃm cmPy§Ä¡pw Hcp s]mXphmb Co- ordinate system D]tbmKn¡m³ Ignbp¶p.kmässeäv \mhntKj³ knÌw (Pn. ]n. Fkv) Â WGS84 tIm HmÀUnt\äpIÄ D]tbmKn¡p¶XpsImv cp hyXykvXcmPy§fnse cp _nµp¡sft¸mepw ]ckv]cw _Ôn¸n¨v tcJs¸Sp¯m³ Ignbp¶p. WGS84 Ellipsoid sâ ]mcmaoädpIÄXmsg¸dbp¶hbmIp¶p.

skantaPÀ BIvknkv (a) - 6378137.000 M

skantaPÀ BIvknkv (b) - 6356752.3142 M.

tImÀUnt\äv knÌw

A

B

c

D

E

F

Ellipsoid Surface

Geoid Surface

Physical Surface



`qanbpsS D]cnXe¯ntem D]cnXe¯n\papIfntem Xmsgtbm DÅ _nµphnsâ Øm\w IrXyambn \nÀhNn¡p¶Xn\vD]tbmKn¡p¶ ]mcmaoädpIfmWv tIm HmÀUnt\äpIÄ. {XossUsa³j³ tPyma{SnbnÂ X, Y, Z (Length, Breadth, Height)

F¶o aq¶p tImÀUnt\äpIfpw SpssUsa³j³ tPyma{SnbnÂ X, Y, (Length, Breadth) F¶o cp tImÀUnt\äp knÌs¯{][m\ambpw cmbn XcwXncn¨n«papv. (1) sdIvSmwKpeÀ AsÃ¦nÂ Cartesian tImÀUnt\äv knÌw (2) t]mfmÀ/kvs]cn¡Â/tPmsa{SnIv tPmsa{Sn¡Â tIm HmÀUnt\äv knÌw.

1. Rectangular or Cartesian Co ordinates

Two Dimension Geometry bnÂ P F¶ t]mbnâ nsâ Øm\w IrXyambn \nÀhNn¡p¶sX§s\sb¶p t\m¡pI. ]ckv]cwew_ambn«pÅ XX’, YY’ F¶o cp tcJIÄ O F¶ t]mbnâ nÂ bisect sN¿p¶p. Cu _nµphns\ (Point of origin) BbnIW¡m¡nbmÂ P F¶ _nµphnsâ Øm\ \nÀ®bw \njv{]bmkw \S¯mhp¶XmWv. Point of Original \n¶pw (o) XBIvknknÂ Hcp \nivNnX Zqc¯nepw (OY) ØnXnsN¿p¶ t]mbnâmWv ]n. F¶v ImWmhp¶XmWv. At¸mÄ (OX), (OY)

F¶o Zqc§fmWv. ]nbpsS tImHmÀUnt\äpIÄ. Point of Originil-Â \n¶pw saUntäj³ sse³ (YY) sse\nepw AXnsâPerpendiclur line (XX) epw DÅ Zqcs¯bmWv tIm HmÀUnt\äpIÄ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. Point of Original \n¶pÅ Zqca\pkcn vCXv aoädntem Intemaoädntem tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p.

Three dimension GeometrybnÂ aq¶maXv Hcp tImÀUnt\äpIqSn ImWp¶Xv. (Z) {i²n¡pI. qanbpsS D]cnXe¯n\papIfntem Xmsgtbm DÅ Hcp _nµphnsâ Øm\w IrXyambn \nÀ®bn¡p¶Xn\v, (Z) \nÀ_Ôambpw thXmIp¶p.

2. Spherical/ Geographical Co- ordinates

Spherical co ordinate s\ {]Xn\n[oIcn¡p¶Xn\v Latitude, Longitude, Height F¶o aq¶p ]mcmaoädpIfmWvD]tbmKn¡p¶Xv. Nn{Xw {i²n¡pI. `qanbpsS D]cnXe¯nepÅ GsXmcp _nµphnÂIqSnbpw Hcp A£mwitcJbpwtcJmwitcJbpw IS¶p t]mIp¶pv. Cu sse\pIsf Bkv]Zam¡nbmWv tPm{K^n¡Â tIm HmÀUnt\ävkv IW¡m¡p¶Xv.

Equatorial Plane- Â \n¶pw Un F¶ _nµphnÂ \n¶pw IS¶p t]mIp¶ Latitude line bv¡pÅ BwKnfns\ Latitude

Co ordinate Bbpw {Ko³hn¨v ao³sse\nÂ \n¶pw ]n bnÂ \n¶v ]n bnÂ IqSn IS¶p t]mIp¶ Longitude,line tebv¡pÅBwKnfns\ Longitude Co-ordinates (x) Bbpw `qanbpsS tI{µ _nµphnÂ \n¶pw ]n F¶ _nµphntebv¡pÅ Zqcs¯ssläv tImÀUnt\ämbpw IW¡m¡nbmÂ Un F¶ t]mbnânsâ aq¶p tIm HmUnt\ävIfpw e`n¡p¶XmWv. Latitude, Longitude

F¶nh Un{Kn an\näv sk¡âv (DD, MM, SS) F¶ t^mÀamänepw ssläv tIm HmÀUnt\äv Bbn `qanbpsS tI{µ _nµphnÂ\n¶pÅ Zqc¯n\p ]Icw Nne kmlNcy§fnÂ HmÀt¯msa{SnIv ssläv, FÃntkmUÂ ssläv F¶o ]mcmaoäÀ Itfbpw]cnKWnbv¡mdpv.

Geodesy bnÂ Longitude line Isf aoUnbs\¶pw Latitude line Isf ]mceÂkv F¶pw ]dbmdpv.

Projection: Hcp spherical surface Â DÅ nKdns\ ¹bn³ kÀ^kntebv¡v amäp¶ {]{InbbmWv Projection F¶p]dbp¶Xv. spherical surface DÅ `qambpsS Nn{Xs¯ Projection sNbvXmWv am¸v Dm¡mbncn¡p¶Xv.

Projection-]e hn[apv. km[mcW Projection- tImWn¡Â Projection knen--dn-¡Â Projection F¶n§s\ ]ecq]¯nepw t]cpIfnepw Projection s\ \nÀhNn«pv. Hmtcm Bhiy¯n\papÅ am¸pIÄ X¿mdm¡p¶Xn\v Ahbv¡p tbmPn¨coXnbnepÅ Projection Method IfmWv kzoIcn¡p¶Xv.

Map Projection s\ Bhiy¯n\\pkcn¨v ]e hn`mK§fmbn Xncn¨n«pÅ Imcyw apIfnÂ kqNn¸n¨tÃm. Hcph{I{]Xe¯nepÅ Nn{Xs¯ ]c¶ {]Xe¯ntebv¡v amäpt¼mÄ BZys¯ Nn{X¯nsâ Nne t_knIv t{]m¸À«nIfnÂamäapmIp¶Xv kzm`mhnIamWv. A§s\ hcp¶ kmlNcy¯nÂ \ap¡v kwc£nt¡ Imcy§sf kwc£n¨p sImpÅam¸v t{]mPIv£\mWv \S¯p¶Xv. amäp¶ am¸nsâ tjbv¸v, Gcnb, Unkvä³kv., kwhn[m\w F¶nhbnÂ GsX¦nepsam¶n\vamäw hcmsX \ne\nÀ¯nbmWv Hmtcmtcm Bhiy§Ä¡pÅ am¸v s{]mP£³ \S¯p¶Xv. am¸v s{]mP£s\ kw_Ôn¨v hfschniZamb ]T\§Ä BhiyamWv. BbXv Cu ÌUn saäocnbÂkv DÄs¸Sp¯m³ Ignbp¶Xnepw IqSpXemWv.

Grid System:

Grid Formation: tIcfw 740E 780E \pw CSbv¡pÅ Longitude Zone \pw 80N \pw 130N\pw Lattitude Zone \pw CSbv¡pØnXnsN¿p¶ Hcp `qhn`mKamWv. temIs¯ ]e tkmWpIfmbn Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p. Hcp Zone sâ AfhpIÄ Longitude-Â 60

Latitude-Â 80 bpamWv. kÀtÆ Hm^v C³Uy X¿mdm¡nbn«pÅ Zonal Map {]Imcw tIcf¯nsâ `qcn`mKhpw kn.43 F¶{KnUnÂ DÄs¸«p hcp¶p. ImkÀtKmUv PnÃbpw I®qÀ PnÃbpsS hS¡³ taJebpw am{Xw kn.43 {KnUnÂ DÄs¸Sp¶p. Cu{KnUpIsf BhiyapÅ coXnbnÂ hn`Pn¨p sNdpXm¡n 6’’x6’’hen¸¯nepÅ {KnUpIfmbn amäw hcp-¯n-bmWv kÀtÆUn¸mÀ«psaânÂ ^oÂUp tPmenIÄ sNbvXp hcp¶Xv. Hcp sk¡âv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv `qanbpsS D]cnXe¯nÂ 30 aoäÀZqcamWv. A§s\ hcpt¼mÄ 6’’x6’’ DÅ {KnUnsâ amKv\äyqUv (6x30)x(6x30)=(180x180)=32400 N.ao BIp¶p. AXmbXv3.24 slIvSÀ. 6’’x6 {KnUvjoänÂ DÄs¸«phcp¶ kÀtÆ \¼cpIfpsS `mK§Ä AXnÂXs¶ tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶Xn\mÂdokÀtÆ tPmenIÄ¡pw aänXc kÀtÆ tPmenIÄ¡pw Cu sa¯tSmfPn hfsctbsd D]Imc{]ZamWv.



B[p\nI kÀtÆ D]IcW§Ä

1. Pn.]n. Fkv. (Global Positioning system)

WGS 84 Co- ordinate system Â t_kv sNbvXp {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ Hcp kmässeäv \mhntKj³ knÌamWv. Pn. ]n. Fkv.`qanbv¡p apIfnÂ 12600 Io.ao Dbc¯nÂ Bdv HmÀ_näpIfmbn `qansb Npäp¶ 24 D]{Kl§Ä AS§p¶ Hcp s\ävhÀ¡mWvPn. ]n. Fkv. I¬ktej³. `qanbnÂ Hcp t]mbnâ nÂ Øm]n¡p¶ Hcp Pn. ]n. Fkv dnkohÀ D]tbmKn¨v B _nµphnsâWGS 84 Co- ordinate Ip ]nSn¡m³ Cu D]IcWw km[n¡p¶p.

Pn.]n. Fkvnsâ km²yXIÄ.

1 `qanbpsS D]cnXe¯nsetbm D]cnXe¯n\p apIfnepÅtXm Bb GsXmcp _nµphntâbpw 3D Co- ordinate e yamIp¶p.

2 cm{Xnsbt¶m ]Iset¶m CÃmsX H_vkÀthj³ \S¯m³ Ignbp¶p.

3 cp _nµp¡Ä¡nSbnepÅ Zqcw Af¡p¶Xn\p Ah X½nÂ ImtW BhiyanÃ.

4 ZqcwAf¡p¶Xn\v ]cn[nbnÃ.

5 Hcp _nµphnÂ \n¶pw asämcp _nµphntebv¡pÅ Slope distance, Horizontal distance, vertical distance, Azimuth,

Spherical& Rectangular co-ordinates F¶o LSI§sfÃmw Pn. ]n. Fkv. H-_vkÀthj³ aqew e`yamIp¶p.

Total Station Positioning System (TPS)

Zqcw Af¡p¶Xn\v sajdnwKv tS v, or distomat, Angle Af¡p¶Xn\v Theodolite, cp _nµp¡Ä X½nepÅ DbchyXymkwIp]nSn¡p¶Xn\v sehenwKv C³kv{Spsaâv F¶n§s\ hnhn[Xcw D]IcW§fmWv kÀtÆ tPmenIÄ¡v D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xv.Ch ssIImcyw sN¿p¶Xn\pw HcnS¯p \n¶v asämcnSt¯bv¡v sImp t]mIp¶Xn\papÅ AkuIcyw H¶ntesd D]IcW§ÄssIImcyw sN¿p¶XnepÅ kabssZÀLyhpw kÀtÆ tPmenIsf {]XnIqeambn _m[n¡p¶ kmlNcy¯nemWv apgph³ kÀtÆtPmenIÄ¡pw D]Icn¡p¶ Hcp D]IcWs¯¡pdn¨v imkv{XtemIw Nn´n¨p XpS§nbXv. A§s\bmWv tSmäÂ tÌj³BhnÀ`hn¡p¶Xv. Zqcw, BwKnÄ. Fenthj³ F¶p XpS§n kÀtÆ tPmenIfnÂ e`yamtI FÃm tUämIfpw e`yamIp¶ HcpD]IcWsa¶ \nebnÂ tSmäÂ tÌj³ {]Nmc¯nse¯m³ Npcp§nb kabamsWSp¯Xv. Ct¸mÄ hnhn[Bhiy§Ä¡\pkcn¨pÅ hnhn[Xcw tSm«Â tÌj³ amÀ¡änÂ e`yamWv.

tSmäÂ tÌj³ D]IcW¯nÂ {][m\ambn aq¶p `mK§fmWpÅXv. Hcp CeIv{SmWnIv Unkvä³kv aoäÀ, Hcp Digital

Theodolitite Hcp ssat{Im t{]mÊkÀ (kn.]n.bp.) FÃm D]IcWkab¯nsâ klmbt¯msS FÃm¯cw kÀtÆ tPmenIfpw\nÀhNn¡m³ Cu D]IcW¯n\v Ignbp¶p. Slope distance, Horizontal angle, vertical angle, Height difference between

two points, Bearing F¶n§s\ kÀtÆ tPmenIÄ¡mhiyamb FÃm tUämIfpw tSm«Â D]tbmKn¨v tiJcn¡m³ Ignbp¶p.

A²ym-bwþ 7

FÂ. BÀ.-Fw.

Hcn-¡Â kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡nb tijw B `qhn-`m-K-¯n-ep-mIp¶ amä§Ä DÄs¸Sp¯n dn¡mÀUvuptodate B¡p¶ \S-]-Sn¡v L.R.MF¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

L.R.M kw_-Ôn¨v hnh[ DtZym-K-Ø³am-cpsS NpaXeIÄ

1. hntÃPv Akn-Ìâv

1. ]pXnb kÀsÆ ^oÂUp-Ifpw k_vUn-hn-j-\p-Ifpw Af¶v dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡p-I.

2. Io am¸pw tÌm¬ cPn-Ìdpw {]Im-c-apÅ kwc-£n-¡-s¸-tS kÀsÆ IÃ-pIÄ ]cn-tim-[n¡pI

3. \jvS-s¸« kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä ]p\-Øm-]n-¡p-I.

4. kÀsÆ NmÀPns\ kw_-Ôn-¡p¶ IW¡pIÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-I.

5. I£n-I-fnÂ \n¶pw kÀsÆ NmÀPv ]ncn-¡p-I.

6. ]pd-t¼m¡p `qan-bnÂ A\-[n-IrX {]th-i\w XS-bp-I.



7. Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bsd kÀsÆ kw_-Ô-amb tPmen-bnÂ klm-bn-¡p-I.

8. hntÃ-Pm-ô-kn-epÅ kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUp-Ifpw kÀsÆ D]-I-c-W-§fpw tISp-Iq-SmsX kq£n-¡p-I.

9. L.R.M kw_-Ôn¨v kÀsÆ Un¸mÀ«p-saâ nse DtZym-K-Ø³amÀ {]tXyIw \nÀt±-in-¡p¶ tPmen-IÄ sN¿p-I.

Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀ

Xmeq-¡nse `qtc-J-IÄ kw_-Ôn- pÅ tPmen-I-fpsS Npa-Xe Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀ¡m-Wv. Xmeq-¡nse `qtc-J-I-fpsS icn-bmb A\p-c-£-W- n\v At±-l-amWv D¯-c-hm-Zn. At±lw Xl-koÂZm-cpsS `c-W-]-c-amb \nb-{´-W- nepw kÀsÆ `qtc-Jm-h-Ip-¸nse DtZym-K-Ø-·m-cpsS kmt¦-XnI oÂUv ]cn-tim-[-\bv¡pw, aäpÅ oÂUp-tPm-en-IÄ¡p-ambn hn\n-tbm-Kn-¡-Ww. At±-l- nsâ{][m-\-Np-a-X-e-IÄ Xmsg-]-d-bp-¶-h-bm-Wv.

(F) hntÃPv Akn-Ìâp-amÀ \S-¯nb IÃp ]cn-tim-[-\-bpsS D]-cn-]-cn-tim-[-\,

(_n) kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä \¶m-¡n-b-Xn-sâbpw ]pXp-¡n-b-Xnsâ D]-cn-]-cn-tim-[-\,

(kn) Xntbm-U-sseäv tÌj-\p-I-fpsS Aä-Ip-ä- -Wn-bpw, ]pXp-¡epw, _nÃp-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡epw,

(Un) t]m¡p-h-chv cPn-Ìdn tIkp-I-fnÂ hntÃPv Akn-ÌâpamÀ Af¶ k_vUn-hn-j-\p-I-fpsS Ipd-ªXv 20 iX-am\w ]cn-tim-[n-¡epw hntÃPv Akn-Ìâp-amÀ Af¶ FÃm ]pXnb ôÂUp-IfpsSbpw AYhm k_vUn-hn-j-\p-I-fp-sS-bpw -A-fhv ]cn-tim-[-\-bpw,

(C) hntÃ-Pm-ô-kp-I-fnse kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUpIfpw kÀsÆ D]-I-c-W-§fpw ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I.

(F- v) IÃp Unt¸m-I-fpsS ]cn-tim-[\

(Pn) hntÃPv Akn-Ìâp-amÀ¡v kÀsÆ-bn-epÅ Adnhv ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I.

Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀ Hmtcm hntÃPv Akn-Ìâp-am-cp-sSbpw tPmen Bdp-am-k- n-sem-cn-¡-se-¦nepw ]cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww. At±lw103þmw \¼À ^md-¯n-epÅ AÀ²-amk Ubdn X¿mdm¡n FÃm am-khpw 5þmw Xob-Xn¡pw 20þmw Xob-Xn¡pw ap¼mbn Xl-koÂZmÀap-tJ\ kÀsÆbpw `qtc-Jbpw kq{]-n\v kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww.

Su¬ kÀsÆ-bÀ

kÀsÆ sNbvX Hcp SuWnsâ cPn-Ì-dp-IÄ, `q]-S-§Ä, kÀsÆ AXn-c-bm-f-§Ä F¶n-h-bpsS A\p-c-£W Npa-Xe Su¬kÀsÆ-b-dnÂ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-¡pw. hntÃPv Bô-kp-I-fn-epÅ Su¬ kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUp-IÄ At±lw IqsS-¡qsS ]cn-tim-[n¨vdh\yq dn¡mÀUp-I-fpepw, cPn-Ì-dp-I-fn-ep-ap-m-Ip¶ amä-§Ä kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ hcp-t¯--Xm-Wv. At±lw FÃm Znh-khpw D¨-bv¡p-tijw 3 aWn apXÂ 5 aWn hsc ap\n-kn-¸Â Bô-knÂ lmP-cp-m-bn-cn-t¡--Xpw, GsX-¦nepw {]tXyI kml-N-cy-¯nÂ A§s\ sN¿m³ km[n-¡msX h¶mÂ , A\p-hmZw hm§n-bn-cn-t¡--Xp-am-Wv.

Su¬ kÀsÆ-b-dpsS {][m-\-s¸« Npa-X-e-IÄ Xmsg- -d-bp-¶-h-bm-Wv.

(F) SuWnse ]cn-]m-e\w sNt¿ kÀtÆ AS-bm-f-§-fpsS ]cn-tim-[\;

(_n) bYm-k-abw kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä \¶m-¡p-Ibpw, ]pXp-¡p-Ibpw kÀsÆ sNehv kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ IW-¡p-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI.

(kn) ]pXnb kÀsÆ ôÂUp-Ifpw, k_vUn-hn-j-\p-Ifpw Af-¡p-I.

(Un) hntÃ-Pmô-kp-IfnepÅ Su¬ kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUp-I-fn-epw, sNbÀam-sâ-bpw, Xsâbpw, aäv DtZym-K-Ø-cp-sSbpw ]¡-epÅ]IÀ¸p-I-fnepw amä-§Ä DÄs¡m-Ån-¡pI

(C) kÀ¡mÀ `qan-I-fnepw ap\n-kn-¸Â `qan-I-fn-ep-apÅ It¿äw Ip-]n-Sn-¡p-I.

kÀsÆbpw qtc-Jbpw kq{]v

kÀtÆbpw `qtc-Jbpw hIp v kq{]v PnÃm If-IvS-dpsS Øm]-\-¯nÂ HcwKam-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xpw PnÃ-bnse `qtc-Jm-I-fpsSA\p-c-£Ww kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ FÃm tPmen-IÄ¡pw D -c-hm-Zn-bm-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-am-Wv. kÀsÆbpw qtc-Jbpw kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ FÃmtPmen-IÄ¡pw At±lw PnÃm-I-fvIvS-tdmSv D¯-c-hm-Z-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. At±lw B PnÃ-bnÂ A[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bpÅkÀsÆ sU]yq«n Ub-d-IvS-dpsS kmt¦-XnI \nb-{´-W-¯nÂ tPmen sN¿Ww.

`qtc-J-I-fpsS A\p-c-£Ww kw_-Ôn¨v PnÃm If-IvS-dpsS Bô-kn-epÅ FÃm Fgp-¯p-Ip-¯p-Ifpw kÀsÆ kq{]vaptJ-\-bm-bn-cn-¡-Ww. At±-l-¯n\v PnÃ apgp-h³ A[n-Imc ]cn[n Dm-bn-cn-¡pw. amk-¯nÂ 18 Znh-k-sa-¦nepw kÀsÆ kq{]vbm{X-sN-bvXn-cn-¡-Ww. Hmtcm amkm-h-km-\hpw At±lw ASp-¯-am-k-t¯-¡pÅ bm{Xm-]-cn-]mSn X¿m-dm¡n kÀsÆbpw `qtc-JbpwsU]yq«n Ub-d-IvSÀ aptJ\ PnÃm If-IvS-dpsS AwKo-Im-c- n\v kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww. kÀsÆ kq{]v sNbvX tPmen 104-þmw \¼À ^md-¯n-epÅ {]Xn-amk Ub-dn-bnÂ tNÀ¯p 105þmw \¼À ^md- n-epÅ DÅ-S-¡-t¯msS cp {]Xn-IÄ ASp- -amkw 5þmw Xob-Xn-



¡Iw kÀsÆbpw `qtc-Jbpw sU]yq«n Ub-d-IvSÀ¡-b-bv¡-Ww. sU]yq«n Ub-d-IvSÀ Ub-dn-IÄ Ah-tem-I\w sNbvXv Ah-tem-I-\-¯nsâ ]IÀ v PnÃm If-IvSÀ, kÀsÆbpw `qtc-Jbpw Ub-d-IvSÀ F¶n-hÀ¡v Ab- p-sIm-Sp-¡-Ww. Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀamÀ, Su¬kÀsÆ-bÀamÀ F¶n-hÀ sNbvX `qtc-Jm-\p-k-cWw kw_-Ôn tPmen-I-fpsS taÂ ]cn-tim-[-\-bmWv kÀsÆ kq{]-nsâ {][m\tPmen.

Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀam-cpsS tPmen Hmtcm XhW ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-t¼mgpw Xmsg- -d-bp¶ Imcy-§Ä {]tXyIw {i²n-¡-Ww.

(1) Ignª ]cn-tim-[-\-bv¡p-tijw Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀ Hmtcm amkhpw sNbvX tPmen-bpsS ]cn-amWw ]cym]vX-am-tWm-sb¶v;

(2) Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀamÀ sNt¿ Xmsg- -d-bp¶ C\w tPmen-I-fnÂ GsX-¦nepw C\w ]qÀ®-ambpw Hgn-hm-¡p¶ {]h-W-X-bptm F¶v;

(F) kÀsÆ AXn-c-S-bm-f-§-fpsS \¶m-¡-epw, ]pXp-¡epw;

(_n) k_vUn-hn-j³ tPmen-bpsS D]-cn-]-cn-tim-[\;

(kn) kÀsÆ sNbvX AXnÀ¯n ImWn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡Â;

(Un) \ne-hn-epÅ dn¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ amä-§Ä DÄs¡m-Ån-¡Â;

(C) hntÃPv Akn-Ìâp-am-cpsS tPmen ]cn-tim-[\;

(3) UbdnbnÂ ImWn¨ dn¡mÀUp-IÄ kaÀ¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀ IrXy-\njvS ]men-¡p-¶ptm F¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡pI;

(4) Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀ¡v IqSp-XÂ kmt¦-XnI ]cn-io-e\w Bh-iy-aptm F¶pw kÀsÆ tPmen-I-fnÂ IqSp-XÂ ]cn-Nbwth-Xptm F¶pw t\m¡pI;

(5) ap³ Ah-k-c-¯nÂ taep-tZym-K-Ø³ \ÂInb \nÀt±-i-§Ä \S-¸n-em-¡n-bn-«ptm F¶v t\m¡pI;

Xmeq¡mô-kp-I-fnÂ kq£n-¡p¶ kÀsÆ AUzm³kv IW¡pIÄ kÀsÆ kq{]v Hmtcm-am-khpw ]cn-tim-[n¨v hni-Z-amb Ipdn-¸p-IÄ PnÃm If-IvSÀ¡v kaÀ¸n-¡p-I-bpw, AXnsâ Hcp ]IÀ¸v kÀsÆ sU]yq«n Ub-d-IvSÀ¡bbv¡p-Ibpw sN¿-Ww.

hntÃ-Pm-ô-kp-I-fnÂ kq£n-¨n-«pÅ dn¡mÀUp-I-fpw, cPn-Ì-dp-Ifpw At±lw hni-Z-ambn ]cn-tim-[n¨v A\p-c-£W tPmen-I-fpsS ØnXn-K-Xn-IÄ kw_-Ôn¨ hniZ-amb Ipdn-¸p-IÄ 106-þmw \¼À ^md-¯nÂ X¿m-dm¡n PnÃm If-IvSdv¡v kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww.kÀsÆ kq{]v Xmeq-¡m- o-knse `qtc-Jm-\p-c-£W hn`mKw hÀj-¯n-sem-cn-¡Â ]cn-tim-[n¨v 107-þmw \¼À ^md-¯n-epÅ]cn-tim-[-\m-Ip-dn¸v X¿m-dm¡n PnÃm-I-f-IvSÀ¡pw kÀsÆ sU]yq«n Ub-d-IvSÀ¡pw kaÀ¸n¡-Ww. kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUp-IÄ Xmeq-¡m- o-knÂ am{Xw kq£n-¨n-«pÅ Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ `mK¯v `qtc-Jm-\p-c-£-W-¯nsâ ]cn-tim-[-\m-Ip-dn¸v 107, 108 ^md-§-fnÂX¿m-dm-¡-Ww.

PnÃ-bnse FÃm Pn.-än.-tÌ-j-\p-Ifpw kq{]v hÀj-¯n-sem-cn-¡Â ]cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww. kq{]-nsâ {][m-\-s¸« tPmen-IÄNphsS tNÀ¡p-¶p.

(1) hntÃPv Akn-Ìâp-amÀ, dh\yq C³kvs]-IvSÀamÀ, Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀamÀ, Su¬ kÀsÆ-bÀamÀ, aäp {]tXyI DtZym-K-Ø³amÀF¶n-hÀ sNbvX `qtc-Jm-\p-c-£Ww kw_-Ôn¨ tPmen-I-fpsS D]-cn-]-cn-tim-[\;

(2) Xmeq-¡m- o-knse `qtc-Jm-\p-c-£W hn`m-K-¯nsâ B\p-Im-enI ]cn-tim-[\;

(3) k_vUn-hn-j³ dn¡mÀUp-I-fpsS kmt¦-Xn-I-amb kq£va-]-cn-tim-[-\-bpw, ]pXp-¡nb dn¡mÀUp-I-fpsS hnkvXoÀ®-]-«n-Ibpw \ÂIepw;

(4) kÀsÆbn-epÅ sXäp-I-fpsS Xncp- -ep-IÄ;

(5) k¦oÀ®amb kÀsÆ XÀ¡-§-se-¡p-dn-¨pÅ At\z-jWw;

(6) ôÂUv sajÀsaâv _p¡p-IÄ, hnkvXoÀ® ]«n-I-IÄ, hntÃPv am¸p-IÄ, aäv kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUpIÄ F¶nh Xsâ Bô-knÂ kq£n-¡pI

(7) \ne-hn-epÅ dh\yq dn¡mÀUp-IÄ {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn ]cn-jvI-cn-¡m-\pÅ FÃm ip]mÀiIfpw X¿m-dm-¡p-Ibpw, Ah-bpsS]cn-]m-e-\-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb {Iao-I-c-W-§Ä Dm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I.

(8) PnÃ-bnse Pn.-än. tÌj-\p-I-fpsS ]cn-tim-[\;

(9) hntÃPv DtZym-Ø³amÀ, dh\yq C³kvs]-IvSÀamÀ, Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀamÀ apX-em-b-h-cpsS ]¡-epÅ kÀsÆ D]-I-c-W-§-fpsS ]cn-tim-[\;



(10) ap\nkn¸menän-I-fnse `qtc-J-I-fpsS A\p-c-£Ww kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ tPmen-I-fpsS ]cn-tim-[-\-bpw, Su¬ kÀsÆ-bÀ kq£n-¡p¶ dn¡mÀUp-I-fp-sSbpw, cPn-Ì-dp-I-fp-sSbpw ]cn-tim-[\ Bdp-am-k-¯n-sem-cn-¡Â \S¯n 109-þmw \¼À ^md-¯n-epÅ]cn-tim-[-\m-Ip-dn¸v X¿m-dm¡pIbpw sN¿pI;

(11) hntÃPv Bô-kÀamÀ¡v kÀsÆ-bn-epÅ ]cn-Úm\w ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-Ibpw Pam_ń ]cn-tim-[-\m-k-a-b v qtc-Jm-ap-c-£Wwkw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Pam-_ń Ipdn-¸p-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI;

(12) PnÃ-bnse Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀamÀ, Su¬ kÀsÆ-bÀamÀ, kvs]jyÂ kÀsÆ-bÀamÀ, {Um^vävkvam³amÀ F¶n-h-cpsS {]Xn-am-k-U-b-dn-IÄ hm§n 10þmw A\p-_-Ô- nÂ \nÀt±-in-¨n-«pÅ Ìm³tUÀUv Hut«¬ {]Im-c-apÅ X·mk tPmen-I-fpsS \ncq-]-W-hpw, Hcp IcSv Ah-tem-I-\hpw klnXw AXXp kwK-XnIfnse¶-t]mse PnÃm If-IvSÀt¡m, dh\yq Unhn-j-WÂ Bô-kÀt¡m kaÀ¸n-t¡--XmWv;

(13) PnÃm If-IvSÀ, sU]yq«n Ub-d-IvSÀ XpS-§nb taep-tZym-K-ØÀ Npa-X-e-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ `qtc-Jm-\p-c-£Ww kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ atä-sX-¦nepw tPmen-IÄ \nÀh-ln-¡pI PnÃ-bnse kÀsÆ IW-¡p-I-fpsS Npa-Xe At±-l-¯n-\m-bn-cn¡pw;

(14) Ubdn Ah-tem-I\w sN¿p-t¼mÄ, kÀsÆ-bÀamÀ 10-þmw A\p-_-Ô- nÂ hnh-cn-¡p-¶-XnÂ Xmc-X-tay\ Ffp- -apÅ tPmen-IÄ¡mbn IqSp-XÂ Znh-k-§Ä hn\n-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶ptm F¶v kÀsÆ kq{]v {]tXyIw {i²n-t¡--Xm-Wv. `qtc-Jm-\p-c-£-W-¯n\v \ntbm-Kn-¨n-«pÅ DtZym-K-Ø³am-cpsS mK¯v Ffp-¸-apÅ tPmen-I-fnÂ {i² tI{µo-I-cn-¡p-hm-\pw, IqSp-XÂ {]m[m-\y-ap-ÅXpw F¶mÂ _p²n-ap-«p-Å-Xp-amb tPmen-IÄ Dt]-£n-¡p-hm-\pÅ Fs´-¦nepw {]h-WX ImÂ AXv \nb-{ń-t¡--Xp-am-Wv. km[m-c-W-bmbn NphsS hnh-cn-¡p¶ tPmen-IÄ¡v sNe-h-gn¨ Znh-k-§Ä sam¯w amk-¯n-epÅ {]hÀ¯n Znh-k-§-fpsS ap¶nÂ Hcp `mK-¯nÂ Ihn-bm³ ]mSn-Ã.

(F) kÀsÆ sNbvXn-«pÅ AXnÀ¯n ImWn¨p sImSp-¡pI;

(_n) IÃp ]cn-tkm-[\;

(kn) kvsI¨p-I-fpsS cm-as¯ ]IÀ¸v X¿m-dm-¡pI;

(Un) `qan It¿-ä-§Ä ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I-bpw, Ip-]n-Sn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI;

A²ymbw þ 8

hnhn[ Xcw B[m-c-§Ähne / Xodv

{]Xn- ew ]än-s¡mv BÀ¡p thW-sa-¦nepw cPn-ÌÀ sNbvXp sImSp-¡m-hp¶ B[m-cw.Ìm¼v Uyq«n: tImÀ¸-td-j³þ 9%

ap\n-kn-¸m-enän þ 8%]-©m-b¯v þ 7%

cPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv: -þ 2%

[\-\n-Ýbwhnhmlw, hnZym- ymkw apX-emb Imcy-§Ä ]cn-K-Wn¨v IpSpw-_m-K-§Ät¡m B{i-bn¨p Ign-bp-¶-hÀt¡m sImSp-¡p-¶-Xv.

Ìm¼v Uyq«n: þ 2%cPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv: -þ 2%

CjvS-Zm\wCjvSw tXm¶p¶ BÀ¡pw sImSp-¡m-hp-¶XvÌm¼v Uyq«n: -þ 5%cPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv: -þ 2%Poh-Im-cpWy {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä¡m-bpÅ Zm\-bm-[m-c-¯n\vÌm¼v Uyq«n: -þ 2.5%cPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv: -þ 2%

Iq«-h-Imi Hgn-hp-IpdnIq«-h-Imi hkvXp-hn-t·Â injvSm-h-Im-in-I-fpsS t]cnÂ Iq«-h-Imin Ah-Imiw Hgnªp sImSp-¡p¶ B[mcw (DZm: A,B,C

F¶n-hÀ¡v Iq«-h-Im-i-s¸« hkvXp-hnÂ A bv¡pw Bbv¡pw DÅ Ah-Imiw IqSn C F¶ I£nbv¡v Hgnªp sImSp-¡p-¶-Xv.)



Ìm¼v Uyq«n: þ 1%cPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv: -þ 1%`mK-]{Xw / mK DS-¼SnIq«-h-Imi hkvXp-¡sf `mKn¨v FSp-¡p-¶Xp kw_-\-[n- pÅ B[m-cw.IpSpw_w F¶ \nÀh-N-\-¨nÂ DÄs¸«p hcp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ

Ìm¼v Uyq«n: þ 1%cPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv: -þ 1%(IpSpw_w F¶mÂ `mcy, `À¯m-hv, a¡Ä, ac-W-s¸« a¡-fpsS Ah-Im-in-IÄ)IpSpw_w F¶ \nÀh-N-\-¯nÂ DÄs¸-Sm-¯-Xn\v

Ìm¼v Uyq«n: þ 5%cPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv: -þ 2%`mK-]{Xw cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-t¼mÄ taPÀ sjb-dn\v Uyq«n Hgn-hm-¡n-bn-«p-v.

hnÂ]{XwFgp-Xn-s¡m-Sp¯ hyàn-bpsS Ime-tijw am{Xw {]m_-ey- nÂ hcp-¶-XmWv hnÂ]-{Xw. hnÂ]{Xw cp hn[-¯n-ep-v. Xpd¶hnÂ]-{Xhpw AS¨ hnÂ]{Xhpw.

Xpd¶ hnÂ]{Xw GXp k_v cPn-kv{SmÀ Bô-knepw cPn-ÌÀ sN¿mw.AS¨ hnÂ]{Xw PnÃm cPn-kv{SmÀ Bô-knÂ kq£n-¨p-h-bv¡p-Ibpw Fgp-Xn-s¡m-Sp-¡p¶ hyàn-bpsS Ime-tijw k_v cPn-kv{SmÀ Bô-knÂ cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-I-bp-amWv sN¿p-¶-Xv. hnÂ]{Xw 3þmw ]pkvX-I-¯n-emWv cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-¶Xv. #vXn-\mÂ hnÂ]{Xhnhcw _m[yXm kÀ«n-^n-¡-änÂ DÄs¸-«p-h-cn-Ã.

hnÂ]-{Xw aptJ\ t]m¡p-h-chp sN¿p-t¼mÄ hnÂ]{X IÀ¯m-hnsâ acW kÀ«n-^n-¡äpw AXn\p ]pdta hnÂ]-{X-¯nsâk{_-Pn-kv{SmÀ Bô-knÂ \ns¶-Sp¯ icn- -IÀ¸nsâ Ah-km\ `mKhpw IqSn ]cn-tim-[n-t¡--Xm-Wv. (d±p sNbvXn-«p-s-¦nÂB hnhcw k_v cPn-kv{SmÀ Bô-knse ]IÀ¸nÂ tcJ-s -Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡pw.)

hnÂ]{X¯n\v Ìm¼v Uyq«n CÃ.cPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv: - þ 100 cq]hnÂ]{Xw d±p sN¿p-¶-Xn\v ôkv: - þ 100 cq]hnÂ]{Xw d±p sNbvXp ]pXnb hnÂ]{Xw cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-¶-Xn\v okv: -þ 100 cq]

Hän-bv¡p-taÂ hne / ImWw XodvHänbv¡p sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ hkvXp-hn-t·-epÅ P·m-h-Imiw IqSn H-gnªp sImSp-¡p¶ B[m-camWv Hän-bv¡p-taÂ hne / ImWwXodv B[m-cw.CXnÂ hkvXp-hnsâ sam¯w {]Xn-^-e- pI ImWn-¡-Ww. F¶mÂ Hän XpI Ign¨v _m¡n XpIbv¡v Bh-iy-amb Ìm¼v Uyq«n,cPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv F¶nh sImSp-¯mÂ aXn-bm-Ipw.]W-¯n-t·Â hne / ]m«w Xodv.]W- n\p sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ hkvXp-hn-t·-epÅ P·m-h-Imiw IqSn Hgnªp-sIm-Sp-¡p¶ B[m-c-amWv ]W- n\p-taÂ hne /]m«w Xodv B[m-cw. CXnÂ hkvXp-hnsâ sam¯w {]Xn-^-e- pI ImWn-¡-Ww. F¶mÂ ]W-b-¯pI Ign¨v _m¡n XpIbv¡vBh-iy-amb Ìm¼v Uyq«n, cPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv F¶nh sImSp-¯mÂ aXn-bm-Ipw.

kv{Xo[-\-bm-[mcwC§-s\-sbm-cm-[mcw 1995 hsc \ne \n¶n-cp-¶p. Ct¸mÂ \ne-hn-en-Ã.

Hän-bm-[mcw]W-b-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ hkvXp-hnsâ ssIhiw IqSn hn«p sImSp-¡p-¶-XmWv Hän-bm-[mcw. (]-c-am-h[n Imem-h[n þ 30 hÀjw)Ìm¼v Uyq«n: tImÀ¸-td-j³þ 9%





CuSp-]-Wbw / ]WbwssIhiw sImSp-¡m-sX-bpÅ ]W-b-s¸-Sp-¯Â (]-c-am-h[n Imem-h[n þ 12 hÀjw)Ìm¼v Uyq«n: þ 5%cPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv: -þ 2%

Ipgn-¡mWw Hän / tZlWvU Hän]W-b-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ hkvXp-hn-t·Â tZlWvUw sN¿p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ah-Imiw.Ìm¼v Uyq«n: tImÀ¸-td-j³þ 9%



apàymÀ (Power of Attomey)

HcmÄ kztah lmP-cmbn sNbvXmÂ GXp {]Imcw DuÀÖn-X-¯nepw {]m_-ey-¯nepw hcptam AtX Imcy-§Ä AbmÄ¡p thnasäm-cmsfs¡mv sN¿n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-thn \ÂIp¶ h¡m-e-¯mWv apàym-cv.Ìm¼v Uyq«n: þ 300 cq]cPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv: -þ 2%hkvXp hnÂ¡p¶ Imcyw ]d-bp\v apàymÀ \ÂIp-¶Xv _Ôp-¡Ä¡-sÃ-¦nÂ hkvXp hne-bm-[mcw \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ìm¼vUyq«n CuSm-¡pw.

d±p-I-cWwGXp B[m-chpw d±p sN¿mw. BbXv \ne-\nÂ¡tWm thtbm F¶Xv tImS-Xn-bmWv Xocp-am-\n-¡p-¶-Xv.K\-\n-Ýb d±v Ìm¼v Uyq«n: þ ]c-am-h[n 250 cq]cPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv: -þ 100 cq]aäv d±v Ìm¼v Uyq«n: þ ]c-am-h[n 100 cq]cPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv: -þ 100 cq]

]ng-Xn-cp- m-[mcwB[mcw X¿m-dm-¡p-t¼mÄ kw`-hn-¡p¶ ssI¸n-g-Ip-IÄ Xncp¯n cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-¶-XmWv ]ng-Xn-cp-¯m-[mcw. ap³Im-e-§-fnÂk_v \¼-dnse ]ngIv am{Xta Xncp- m-dp-m-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. F¶mÂ Ct¸mÄ t]cv, taÂhn-em-kw, Fep-I, hnkvXoÀ®w F¶n-h-sbm-gn¨v aäv ]ni-Ip-I-sfÃmw Xncp- m-dp-v.Ìm¼v Uyq«n: þ CÃcPn-kvt{S-j³ ôkv: -þ 100 cq]

cPn-kvt{S-j³B[m-c-§Ä cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-¶-Xn\v ]pkvX-I-§-fp-v. 4 ]pkvX-I-§Ä k_vc-Pn-kv{SmÀ Bôknepw 1 ]pkvXIw PnÃm cPn-kv{SmÀBô-kn-ep-amWv kq£n-¡p-¶-Xv.

1þmw ]pkvX-I- nÂ cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-¶htaÂ]- ª B[m-c-§Â hnÂ]{Xw Hgn-sI-bpÅ B[m-c-§-seÃmw 1þmw ]pkvX-I- nÂ BWv cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-¶-Xv. 1þmw ]pkvX-I-¯nÂ cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p¶ B[m-c-§sf kw_-Ôn¨ hnh-c-§Ä am{Xta _m[yXm kÀ«n-^n-¡-änÂ DÄs¸«p hcp-I-bp-Åq.2þmw ]pkvX-I- nÂ cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-¶hIrXy-amb kv{dm¼v Uyq«n \nÀW-bn-¨n-«nÃ F¶v k_v cPn-kv{SmÀ¡v kwibw tXm¶p-Ibpw BbXv _Ô-s¸« I£nsb Adn-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ I£n BbXns\ kw_-Ôn¨v XÀ¡w D¶-bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ B[m-c-§Ä 2þmw ]pkvX-I- n-emWv cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-¶-Xv.A§-s\-bpÅ B[m-c-§-fpsS Ìm¼v Uyq«n \nÀW-bn-¡p-¶Xv PnÃm cPn-kv{SmÀ apX-epÅ DtZym-K-Ø-cm-Wv.

3þmw ]pkvX-I- nÂ cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-¶hhnÂ]-{X, hnÂ]{X d±v, Z¯v F¶o B[m-c-§Â 3þmw ]pkvX-I- nÂ BWv cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-¶Xv.



4þmw ]pkvX-I-¯nÂ cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-¶hapàymÀ (Power of Attomy), hkvXp-hn-hcw DÄs¸-Sm¯ IcmÀ ]{Xw , aäv IcmÀ ]{X-§Ä(hn-hm-lw), hnhml d±v, hkvXp hnhcwDÄs¸-Sm¯ s{SÌv (c-lky kz`m-h-ap-Å-Xv) B[m-c-§Ä 3þmw ]pkvX-I-¯nÂ BWv cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-¶-Xv.

5þmw ]pkvX-I-¯nÂ cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-¶hCu ]pkvX-Iw PnÃm cPn-kv{SmÀ Bô-kn-emWv kq£n-¡p-¶-Xv. AS¨ hnÂ]-{X-§Ä PnÃm cPn-kv{SmÀ Bô-knÂ kq£n¨phbv¡p-Ibpw FgpXns¡mSp¯ hyàn-bpsS Ime-tijw acW kÀ«n-^n-¡-tämSp IqSn Ah-Im-in-IÄt¡m GPânt\m km£n-I-fpsS klm-b-t¯mSpIqSn h¶v 100 cq] ok-S¨v cPn-ÌÀ sN¿m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. Bb-Xnsâ b-enwKv joäv X¿m-dm-¡p-¶Xv k_v cPn-kv{SmÀ Bô-knse DtZym-K-Ø-cm-Wv.

1þmw ]pkvX-I-¯nÂ cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p¶ B[m-c-§sf kw_-Ôn¨ hnh-c-§Ä Index No. 1 epw 2 epw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯m-dp-v.Index No. 1 Â \n¶mWv _m[y-X-IÄ t\m¡p-¶-Xv. AXnÂ kÀsÆ \¼À, hnkvXoÀ®w, Ah-Im-in-I-fpsS t]cp-hn-hcw F¶n-h-bp-m-bn-cn-¡pw.

ildm kerala- nlrmp revenue notes

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