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Contact: Ahmad Fuzi Md Ajisfuzi.uitm@gmail.com

012-2489439

Introduction to Organization

of Information

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Wisdom

Knowledge

Information

Data

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Fact, figures, symbols or instructionspresented in a form that can be

comprehended by human or processed by acomputer.

Glossary of Library and Information Science (2004)

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Information that has been comprehendedand evaluated in the light of experience, and

incorporated into the knowers intellectualunderstanding of its subject.

Glossary of Library and Information Science (2004)

Application of data and information; answershow questions

Bellinger, Castro, Mills (2004)

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Evaluated Understanding The process of discerning, or judging

between right and wrong, good and bad.

Ackoff, (1989)

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Information is knowledge derived from data

Data is defined as recorded facts and figures (eg:costs of raw materials, client statistics) that result

from observation, surveys or research Datadescribed rather than evaluates

Knowledge is data which an individual recognizes as

relevant and is thought about, interpreted, stored(in ones memory or in a variety of formats) or usedfor a purpose. That is, it has been transformed intoinformation

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Information is result of analysis, synthesisevaluation based on available data. Inother words, the data has been:

- Organized- Structured- Considered

- Communicated

Information can consists of data, images,texts, documents and sound

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Information is often described as a

commodity. It can be bought and sold,

exchanged, accumulated and stored,patented and owned but it is not

depleted when used.

Often the use of information actually

expands it. The potential demand for

information is unlimited

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Information is considered to be apersonal, organizational and nationalresources of great value. The economy is

based not only on industry and physicalresources, but also on information

Because its importance to the user is

relative and depends on changingsituations, times and needs, information ismost valuable when it is quickly and easilyavailable and effectively

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We look for information:

a. To gain knowledge

b. To collect datac. To solve problem

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Relevant: Information must relate to the

business at hand, and fulfill the needs of

the user. In theory all the informationrequired to meet the users purposes must

be available

Timely: Information must be available

when needed, within the timeframe

desired by the user

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Accurate and complete: All available information

should be accessible, with emphasis on the

right information. This often depends on the

context Concise: Information must be understandable to

those who use it, and must be able to be

absorbed quickly for action

Reduces uncertainty: A statement about thestructure of an entity reduces the unknown

about the entity; therefore good information

should meet a users requirements completely

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The informed decision is the best

decision. For information to be useful for

decision-making, it must be:

- The right information- Available at the right time

- Available to the right person

- At the right cost- Presented in the format to facilitate

decision

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Irrelevant: Information is of little value

when it is too old or out-of-date to be

relevant to the users need Swamping: It is not helpful when

information is too voluminous to allow any

sense to be made of it. It is the quality of

information that is important, not the

quantity!

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Unclear: Information is poor when it is not

presented in a way that will facilitate a

decision Not all there: If information is incomplete,

it may fail to provide a clear sense of the

entirety of the problem

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Information is created in many original

forms, to satisfy the creator and to suit the

user. Once created, the information isdisseminated using a range of media and

means of transmission

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Example: Release of new mobile devices from Apple.

Iphone 5

These are some of the steps taken in creatingthe information:

Brainstorming of new device releases. E.g:orally Decision of the discussion/brainstorming

written down by the secretary. (handwritten)

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This may be typed up for easier reading and

distribution eg: typewritten or printed from a

word processor

The announcement is made at a pressconference eg: orally

At the same time, a press release is distributed

eg: typewritten or printed from a word processor

The press release is handed to journalist, whofax or phone it through to their offices eg:

telephone or fax machines

The news is spread via all the media eg: radio,

TV, newspapers, magazines, the internet etc.

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The information is placed on the World Wide

Web sites of the Apple etc. eg: electronic

Interested people tell their friends, family,workmates eg: orally

The glorious story of Apple, probably written on

a word processor, printed off in draft,photocopied to show to other people, and finally

printed and bound eg: electronic, print out,

photocopies, printed into a book

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Information is derived from a variety of sources.These described as:

- Primary: This is a level at which the informationis generated eg: letters, making a scientificdiscovery, collating data, recording and oralinterview

- Secondary: Secondary sources comment onevents, discoveries etc. eg: textbooks,

encyclopedias, yearbooks, commentaries andarticles in a serial

- Tertiary: Tertiary sources are used to trackexisting information eg: bibliography of

bibliographies, directory of directories and guideto literature

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Bellinger, G., Castro, D., & Mills, A. (2004).Data , Information, Knowledge and Wisdom.

A journey in the realm of systems. Retrievedfrom http://www.systems-thinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm

Amjad Ali. (2004). Glossary of Library andInformation Science. New Delhi : Ess EssPublications.