Johann Günther 1

IMC

New Culture Russia and Europe

„European and Russian Identities:

social and culture dimensions„

St.Petersburg May 11/12 2018

Prof. Dr. Johann Günther

Visiting Professor at Danube University Krems, AUSTRIA

Research Professorship Jianghan University, Wuhan, China

Professor at State University for Telecommunication,

Sankt Petersburg, Russia

johann@johannguenther.at

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Different Culture

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Different European Culture

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Difference between Europe and US:

* by history

* Europe not ONE nation like US

* more culture in Europe

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Europe as a continent ever exists

Countries are changing

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Aristotle:

* The identity of a Pólis is primarily a

constitutional identity.

* Community becomes a political subject

* Its political manifestation

= general consensus

= a political dimension

Source: Thomas Jansen: „Reflections on European Identity“, 1999

http://www.pedz.uni-mannheim.de/daten/edz-mr/pbs/00/european_identity_en.pdf

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Identity

We have several identities:

* in real world

* in virtual world

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Identity in Real World

* Family

* Friends

* Profession

* Village / city

* County

* Country

* Continent

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Identity in Virtual World

Our EGO in

* Facebook

* Snapshot

* Twitter

* Second World

* etc

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European Identity

* Cultural

* Racial

* Political

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Cultural European Identity

The cultural difference of Europe

is from all countries accepted.

Europeans are proud about their

culture.

Different Culture = Positiv

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Cultural European Identity Examples

UEFA European Championship (since 1958)

European Film Awards

European Film Academy

Ryder Cup Golf

European Court

European Cultural City (every year)

Eurovision Song Contest (since 1956)

European Identity & Cloud Conference 2018

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Cultural European Identity

International less and less cultural difference

Globalization

Cities stronger than outskirts

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Cultural European Identity

Proximity & distance

Global & Local

International & National

Problem naming:

eg: "Bologna for education system" City names normal for war names

No personality accepted

UK would be against Leonardo

France against Humboldt

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Human beings

draw close to one another

by their common nature,

but habits and customs

keep them apart.

Confuzius

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* In recent decades = world = a global village

* People's behaviour is becoming similar.

* Economy standards = the same all over world

[1]

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Todays View

• Society = more mobile

wherever & whenever people work, study

• Communication technology supports this

Technology = cloud-based & decentralized

• Mass of information

= no fact oriented know how

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New Technologies coming faster Penetration in USA 1900-2015 (%)

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Privatisation and Liberalisation

Globalisation is progressing fast:

- an individual nation state can no longer intervene and regulate by itself

- Countries of the European Union act together

- Political-economic competency has been transferred from the state to the EU.

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Networks

* Democratic systems have changed

* People are not any more

members of societies

* They are members of networks.

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The Factor „Media Technology“

* Technology enters all aspects of life

* It is present

- in economics,

- in education and

- in arts.

* Communication and media technology

have become important

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Social Media

* Minorities get audience

* Technical Manipulation

* not public opinion

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The Factor „Media Technology“

The questions are:

Does technology influence the human being?

or

Does the human being use technology as a tool?

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Racial European Identity

Not a real problem

Acceptance inside Europe of ALL

Russia : Europe

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Racial European Identity Russia and Europe • Peter the Great, Russians reached out for Europe

• “Russia needs European Union European Union needs Russia”*) *) Erhard Busek, former Vice Chancellor Austria

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Political European Identity

* West and East Europe

* South and North Europe

1th priority = National Politic

European Politic (EU) = negative

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Political European Identity

* European Union: - 1922 Paneuropean Union

idea by Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi

- 1993 Formation of European Union

- 1995-2013 Enlargement

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Political European Identity

European Identity & European Union

* established during Cold War

rivality USA : USSR

* 2 world wars = depression of Europe

* European Union = peace project

* leaders France & Germany

* Today Crisis:

- financial

- migration

- nationalistic ego

Source: David Held and Kyle McNally: “Europe, the EU and European identity”

https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/david-held-kyle-mcnally/europe-eu-and-european-identity

The European on February 7, 2014

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Political European Identity

European Identity & European Union

European Union

= conglomerate of nations

= created a single market

= single currency

= sharing of technology & economy

Source: Margarida Hourmat, Europe and Europeans - questions of identity - In the aim of building a European identity, multiculturalism may be the

best strategy in addressing the mosaic of European identities, http://one-europe.net/europe-and-europeans-questions-of-identity, 14 Oct 2013

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Political European Identity

Migration 2014: 1,9 mill to Europe

= 3,7 immigrants / 1.000 Inhabitants

1 mill to USA

= 3,1 immigrants / 1.000 Inhabitants

Source: Natalie Nougayrède: „Refugees aren’t the problem. Europe’s identity crisis is“, The Guardian,

International Edition, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/oct/31/refugees-problem-

europe-identity-crisis-migration

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Europe is stagnating

in 50 years

25% fewer inhabitants in Europe

than today

(INED, Paris)

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2001 2050 (Statistik Austria)

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Language is

no obstacle

WORLDI

and

Local language

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European identity continues to grow • 2013: 61% in lieu of their national identity • 2004: 58 • largest increases: Germany, Austria, Sweden, Finland, Greece • Decline: United Kingdom, France Basis: EU-15

Source: Wolfgang Lutz, Sylvia Kritzinger, Vegard Skirbekk, „The Demography of Growing European Identity“, http://science.sciencemag.org/content/314/5798/425.full, IIASA, Laxenburg 2017

Picture: © Denys Kovtun | Dreamstime.com

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Russia and Europe Geographically: Russia = Europe 23 % of Russian Territory in Europe 65 – 85% of Population in Europe By History: Russia is Europe (beside some wars) - Peter the Great: St.Petersburg = european capital - Catherina the Great: = Prussian (German) By Art: Many artists made important european works Sports: in all major sports member of European Federation

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Russia and Europe

Change in 18th Century Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Voltaire admired Peter I

Johann Gottfried Herder 1802: "Where does Russia belong to, to Europe or to Asia?“ “To both. The biggest part is in Asia, but Russias heart is in Europe.“

Wars Also wars were “European” conflicts

Today The relation varies between Phobia and Sympathy Andreas Kappeler, Institute East European History at University Vienna, „Russland und Europa: In Hassliebe vereint“ (Russia and Europe: united in love-hate), „Zeit Online“, 25.8.2015 http://www.zeit.de/zeit-geschichte/2015/03/russland-europa-osten-westen-konflikt

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Russia and Europe • Russian Music (classical and modern) = Europe • Russian Literature (classical & modern) = Europe

• Architecture like in St.Petersburg = Europe

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Russia and Europe Literature: Puschkin, Gogol, Dostojewski, Tolstoi, Tschechow, Nabokov Music: Rubinstein, Mussorgski, Rachmaninow, Strawinsky, Prokofjew Ballet: Nurejew, Tschaikowski Painting: Kandinsky, Chagall Politic: difference Sciences: Dmitri Mendelejew, Iwan Pawlo

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Russia and Europe Export Russia to European Union In billion $

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Russia and Europe Import Russia to European Union In billion $

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Russia and Europe External Trade of European Union % of Market Value

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Russia and Europe Russia in Europe: approach or foreclosure?

Is Russia Part of Europe? 50% Germans: NO 51% Russians NO

Not same Values 37% Germans 35% Russians

EU and Russia Neighbors? 33% Germans YES 34% Russians YES Just 17% see the other one as opponent Körber Foundation commissioned a representative study by TNS Infratest in March 2016 in Germany and Russia

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Russia and Europe Russia in Europe: approach or foreclosure? Future Cooperation welcome: 69% Germans: YES 79% Russians: YES Sanctions should be stopped Political Approach = important 95% Germans: YES 84% Russians: YES Körber Foundation commissioned a representative study by TNS Infratest in March 2016 in Germany and Russia

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Russia and Europe •Blue Danube: Russian army with Austrian against Napoleon

French solders driven into the Danube

Blue uniforms = blue Danube

•Soviet army liberated from German Army II. World War ends

Investments

•Russia's image today in Europe: fear (but maybe more fear from USA)

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Russia and Europe Russia is not Europes opponent, even enemy. Russia belongs to Europe. Russia is still needed worldwide when it comes to peace. The cooperation between Europe and Russia is important for European peace. Friedrich Schorlemmer Russland gehört zu Europa (Russia belongs to Europe) https://ethik-heute.org/russland-gehoert-zu-europa/