immigration. question of the day! if you could get on a plane and leave ohio tomorrow, where would...
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Immigration
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Question of the day!
• If you could get on a plane and leave Ohio tomorrow, where would you go AND what would be your reason for leaving?
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Follow-up question:
• Based on your reason for leaving, would you say that you’re being PUSHED out of Ohio for negative reasons or PULLED to somewhere else for a positive reason?
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• We will: look at the reason’s that people from other countries came to America in the late 1800’s.
• I will: be able to recall what immigrants encountered when they settled in the U.S.A.
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• persecution
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Push/Pull Factors – 1890’s• Ireland potato famine
• Russia religious persecution
• Italians/Asians work
• My cousin wrote me a letter from America. He says he's making good money -- much more than he ever had at home. The factory works around the clock, every day, even Sunday! They always need new workers. He promises me I will have work if I come! I can stay at the boarding house where he stays.
--Josef, Poland, 1905
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Ellis Island – East Coast
Angel Island – West Coast
Worked hard.
Assimilated.
Close comm.’s
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Russian Jews after their synagogue has been burned down.
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Distribution of Swedish settlers in the U.S.
What do you notice about where they came from and where they settled?
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In America• Tenements a block of apartments
Crowded – Smelly – Dirty
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Tenement Life:Small, cramped on the inside.
Pretty dirty on the outside too.
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Some worked inside their home for work or extra income.
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Small Group:
• Name some sights, sounds, and smells that you’d encounter in a big city like NY, Chicago, or Philadelphia.
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• Urban housing was overcrowded and unsanitary. Many found it very difficult to accept. An old Italian saying summed up the disillusionment felt by many:
"I came to America because I heard the streets were paved with gold. When I got here, found out three things: First, the streets weren't paved with gold; second, they weren't paved at all: and third, I was expected to pave them." In spite of the difficulties, few gave up and returned home.
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• Immigrants came to work:
–Steel plants.
–Coal mines.
–Construction.
–Stores.
–Factories.
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Cigar rolling factory
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Exit/Entry Ticket
•Write a short paragraph about YOU being an immigrant and coming to America. The more imaginative/original, the better.• (50 pts.)
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Life in the City
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• We will: look at what the conditions were for immigrants in the cities.
• I will: be able to describe what living conditions were for people living in big cities.
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Questions to Ponder
• Why all dressed up?
• Why central park?
• What does the amusement park and the stroll in the park tell us about the standard of living in the Industrial Age and Urbanization
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• Sanitation in big cities were lacking.
• Toilets were outside.
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• New York City started out looking like this:
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Notice how high and outward the city has grown!
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Cities grew taller and wider!
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As you might expect…
• Crime rates began to climb.
• Gangs began to form.
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Crime rate in SF over the decades.
Immigrants arrive in large numbers.
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Street “gang” members being supervised on trash clean-up by the police.
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Don’t try running from these cops!
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Transportation was improving.
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• As transportation improves, people can now start to live outside of the urban center “suburbs” now start to form.
• Long Island
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See NYC across the harbor?
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• People in cities could now commute to work.
The 1st subway in NYC.
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Article: Old vs New Immigrants
• Move to your “test” partner please.
• Text Tag share out.
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• Two “waves” of imm.’s– 1830-1860 Irish & German (also:
English & Scandinavia) (Northern Europe)
– 1880-1920 Italy, Greece, A-H, Russia, Poland
(Southern &Eastern Europe)
• Settled into close-knit neighborhoods ghettos.
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• Political bosses politicians from your neighborhood who could “get things done”.
• Bosses part of a political machine.
• Whole system worked on “patronage”.– Appt.’s to government jobs as long
as you voted for the “right guy”.
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• Ethnic jobs:– Italians/Polish construction jobs.– Greeks/Russians/It./Pol. mills and
mines.– Greeks/Chinese restaurants/laundry– Jews garments/tailors
• Contract laborers imm.’s who had their passage to Am. paid for by a businessman, then forced to work for low wages to pay off the debt.
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Why did immigration drop after 1920?
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Nativism: Cause and EffectNativism: Definition
Causes of Nativism? Religious differences Competition for Jobs cause lower wages lack of willingness to
assimilate
Effect of Nativism? Job Discrimination Anti-Imm. Groups Anti-Imm Laws
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Government enacts Anti-Immigrant Laws
• Chinese Exclusion Act 1882-1943– First time gov’t restricts immigration targeting
one racial group
• National Origins Act 1920-1961– Pressure from Nativist groups and labor
unions– Est. a 2% Quota on Immigration– Purpose:
• To reduce immigration as a whole• To target “undesirable” immigrants
more than “desirable” immigrants!
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HOW IT WORKSTake total # of people living in America from each foreign nation. Take 2% of that number to determine how many immigrants are allowed into the Nation per year
Example:
Great Britain: Immigrating to America since 1607Population in 1920: 3.5 Million @ 2% = 70,000
Italy: Immigrating to America around 1880 Population in 1920: 200,000 @ 2% = 4000 per year
How does the National Origins Act accomplish it’s PURPOSE?
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Analyzing Nativism Through Sources
• Political Cartoon