immunology chapter 3, lecture 3 richard l. myers, ph.d. department of biology southwest missouri...
TRANSCRIPT
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ImmunologyChapter 3, Lecture 3
• Richard L. Myers, Ph.D.
• Department of Biology
• Southwest Missouri State
• Temple Hall 227
• Telephone: 417-836-5307
• Email: [email protected]
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Mononuclear cells• Monocytes are in the circulation and
macrophages are in the tissues
• Monocytes migrate to tissues and differentiate into macrophages
• Differentiation enlarges monocytes and:– they produces more organelles, – increase phagocytosis, – possess more lytic enzymes– and cause secretion of more soluble factors
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Mononuclear cells (continued)• Macrophages may be wandering (motile)
• Others are fixed in particular tissue such as– Kupffer cells in the liver– histiocytes in connective tissue– alveolar macrophages in the lung– mesangial cells in the kidney– microglial cells in the brain
• Macrophages are stimulated by antigen and T cell cytokines
• Possess high levels of class II molecules
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Monocyte
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Phagocytosis• Macrophages can ingest exogenous
antigens
• Chemotaxis is movement toward substances
• First, macrophages adhere to antigens
• Next, antigens are internalized in phagosomes and are digested by enzymes
• Finally, digested material is released by exocytosis
• Opsonins enhance phagocytosis
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Phagocytosis
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Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of macrophages
• Oxygen-dependent killing– reactive oxygen intermediates– reactive nitrogen intermediates
• Oxygen-independent mechanisms
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Resistant pathogens
• Listeria monocytogenes
• Salmonella typhimurium
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Mycobacterium leprae
• Brucella abortus
• Candida albicans
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Antigen processing/presentation• Processed antigen appears on the membrane
– macrophages have become “activated”– Ag is associated with class II MHC molecules– called processing and presentation of antigen
• Factors secreted by activated macrophages– Interleukin 1and 6– Hydrolytic enzymes– Interferon alpha and Tumor Necrosis Factor– Complement
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Other cells
• Granulocytic cells
• Mast cells
• Dendritic cells– Langerhans cells– interstitual dendritic cells– interdigitating dendritic cells– circulating dendritic cells
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Assignment
• Continue to read Chapter 3, Cells and Organs of the Immune System
• Review question 12 and 13 (pg 83)