impact of tire burning on kiln emissions
TRANSCRIPT
• BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY• BOTTOM LINE• HIGH PRICED FOSSIL FUELS• REDUCE COSTS/INCREASE PROFITS
WHY BURN TIRES?
Tire Sourcing Proposals Are For Recycling & Burning
• RRFB/Atlantic Recycled Rubber/Contract Has Ended
• Three Proposals For Tires Being Reviewed by RRFB/Government
- Lafarge (for tire burning) - Ontario Tire Recovery (for recycling) - Royal Mat (for recycling) • Citizens Concerned About Environmental
and Health Hazards
What’s In A Tire?• Natural and Synthetic Rubber
Contain Styrene and Butadiene
• Up to 17 different Heavy MetalsLead, zinc, cadmium, chromium and more
• Benzene Based Extender Oils Other Petrochemicals
• Carbon Black• Chlorine
Source: Dr. Seymour Schwartz, U. of California (at Davis) Professor of Environmental Science and Policy. Author of Domestic Markets for California’s Used and Waste Tires, 1998.
“Incineration of Tires in a Cement Kiln Releases Hazardous Emissions of
Toxic Ingredients”
Source: California Integrated Waste Management Board. Tires as a Fuel Supplement Feasibility Study, Sacramento, CA 1992
TIRES + FIRES = TOXIC EMISSIONS
Lead
Dioxins
Chromium
Mercury
JUST BECAUSE YOU CAN’T SEE IT, DOESN’T MEAN IT’S NOT THERE…
Constituent Emission Increase (Range) No. of Tests Decrease (Range) No. of Tests Dioxins & Furans + 53% to + 100% 4 Nil Not Applic. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) + 296% to + 2,230% 3 - 68% 1 Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) + < 10% 1 - 22% 2 Sulfur oxides (SOx) + 7.5% 1 - 45% /- 90%; 2 Lead + 59%,+ 388%,+ 475% 3 - 94% 1
Hexavalent Chromium + 727% 1 - 36%/- 87% 2
Test Results At 4 California Cement Kilns Burning Up to 20 % Tires Compared to Coal Only
Note: Two tests took place at one kiln. As well, not all pollutant types were reported for all tests. The tests took place at California Portland Cement (1995), Carnot (1996), RMC Lonestar (1992); Bateman (1996).
Source: Dr. Seymour Schwartz, U. of California (at Davis) Professor of Environmental Science and Policy. Domestic Markets for California’s Used and Waste Tires, 1998.
Emission Rates and Changes For 12 Toxic Pollutants at Lonestar Cement, Davis, CA (April 17-18, 1990 and Dec. 4-7, 1990), Burning Coal Only and Coal
Plus 20 % Tires.
Emission Rate (lbs/hr) Compound Coal Only (Baseline) Coal +Tires %change Benzene 9.0E-02 4.03E-01 + 348 % Dioxins/furans 4.4E-09 5.50E-09 + 25 % Formaldehyde 11.8E+00 5.07E-01 - 96 % PCB 9.0E-06 2.88E-04 + 3,100 % Anthracene 3.3E-06 7.56E-05 + 2,191 % Benzo(a)anthracene 6.2E-06 3.65E-05 + 489 % Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 4.3E-07 1.22E-04 +28,272 % Fluoranthene 1.6E-05 5.36E-05 + 235 % Cadmium 1.7E-03 1.25E-04 - 93 % Chromium (hexavalent) 5.5E-06 6.31E-05 + 1,047 % Lead 1.1E-03 5.27E-03 + 379 % Mercury 2.1E-01 1.06E-06 - 99+%
Source: Dr. Seymour Schwartz, Domestic Markets For California’s Used and Waste Tires. Professor of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California (Davis), 1998.
“My examination of test burns in California confirms Dr. Neil Carman’s data and leads me to conclude that the claim that ‘TDF emissions are not a problem’ is a policy judgment that cannot be supported on rigorous scientific grounds.”
Source: Dr. Seymour Schwartz, Domestic Markets for California’s Used and Waste Tires ( Professor of Environmental Science and Policy. University of California at Davis), 1998.
Chlorine Content In Tires
• Halogenated Butyl Rubber Liners
• Butyl Rubber + Chlorine Air Impermeability (for tire inflation)
• Burning Chlorine Dioxin Emissions
• Chlorine Content of Tires Is 2 – 5 Times Greater Than That of Coal
Source: CIWMB, “Tires As a Fuel Supplement Feasibility Study” 1992; p. 69
Lafarge Cement Saint-Constant, Quebec
Huge Increases From 2000-2004 in Emissions Of
Cadmium(3,064%) Copper (3,441%)
Chromuim (609%) Lead (141%)
Maganese (1,915%) Nickel (1,028%)
Zinc (1,139%) Sulphur Dioxide(145%)
Particulate Matter (122%)
Source: National Pollution Release Inventory, Environment Canada
SELECTED POLLUTANT EMISSIONS LAFARGE SAINT-CONSTANT
Dioxins & Furans 0.858 g (TEQ) 0.885 g (TEQ)
Hexachlorobenzene 138.80 grams 141.48 grams
Arsenic 17.22 kg. 57.19 kg.
2004 2005YEAR
(Source: Environment Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory)