Impacts of the 2015 ASEAN economic integration on the accounting and finance

profession in Cambodia

Impacts of the 2015 ASEAN economic integration on the accounting and finance

profession in Cambodia

ByDr. Sam Ghanty

Royal University of Law & Economics

February 22 & 24, 2014

ByDr. Sam Ghanty

Royal University of Law & Economics

February 22 & 24, 2014

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Dr. Sam GHANTY was the head of the finance program and professor of Finance, Investments and Banking at the University of Wisconsin (USA) from 1977 to 1996.

He worked for ADB and the World Bank from 1996 to 2004 as advisor and training coordinator at the National Bank of Cambodia and Ministry of Economy and Finance.

He served as an independent member of the Board of Directors for the Foreign Trade Bank of Cambodia (2001-2005), Canadia Bank (2006-2007) and Arial Global Group of Singapore (2004-2007).

He currently serves as advisor at the National Accounting Council (NAC) of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, a member of the Board of Directors at the Securities and Exchange Commission of Cambodia (SECC), a member of the Board of Directors at the Parliamentary Institute of Cambodia (PIC) and a member of the Board of Directors at the Cambodian Public Bank.

Dr. Sam GHANTY was the head of the finance program and professor of Finance, Investments and Banking at the University of Wisconsin (USA) from 1977 to 1996.

He worked for ADB and the World Bank from 1996 to 2004 as advisor and training coordinator at the National Bank of Cambodia and Ministry of Economy and Finance.

He served as an independent member of the Board of Directors for the Foreign Trade Bank of Cambodia (2001-2005), Canadia Bank (2006-2007) and Arial Global Group of Singapore (2004-2007).

He currently serves as advisor at the National Accounting Council (NAC) of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, a member of the Board of Directors at the Securities and Exchange Commission of Cambodia (SECC), a member of the Board of Directors at the Parliamentary Institute of Cambodia (PIC) and a member of the Board of Directors at the Cambodian Public Bank.

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Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

1. The vision on economic and financial integration under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

2. The areas of economic and financial integration and its accomplishments as of 2013

3. The benefits and challenge for Cambodia in engaging in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

4. An examination of a case of Finance and Accounting education and training in Cambodia

5. Conclusion

1. The vision on economic and financial integration under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

2. The areas of economic and financial integration and its accomplishments as of 2013

3. The benefits and challenge for Cambodia in engaging in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

4. An examination of a case of Finance and Accounting education and training in Cambodia

5. Conclusion

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I. The vision on financial integration under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

I. The vision on financial integration under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

Key characteristics are:

•A single market and production based

•A highly competitive economic production

•A region of equitable economic development

•A region fully integrated in the global economy .

Key characteristics are:

•A single market and production based

•A highly competitive economic production

•A region of equitable economic development

•A region fully integrated in the global economy .

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Core VisionCore Vision

The AEC will transform ASEAN into a region with free movement of goods, services, investment, skilled labor, and freer flow of capital.

Each ASEAN member country shall abide by and implement the AEC by 2015.

The declaration on the ASEAN Economic Blueprint was signed by the heads of ASEAN members countries.

The AEC will transform ASEAN into a region with free movement of goods, services, investment, skilled labor, and freer flow of capital.

Each ASEAN member country shall abide by and implement the AEC by 2015.

The declaration on the ASEAN Economic Blueprint was signed by the heads of ASEAN members countries.

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The Ten ASEAN Member Countries(Competitive markets of over 600 million people)

The Ten ASEAN Member Countries(Competitive markets of over 600 million people)

GDP per capita (US$): 2011 2012

1.Brunei Darussalam 50,790 50,000

2.Indonesia 6,728 4,700

3.Malaysia 13,385 15,800

4.Philippines 3,383 4,100

5.Singapore 49,754 60,500

6.Thailand 7,907 9,500

7.Cambodia 1,818 2,200

8.Lao PDR 2,054 2,700

9.Myanmar 1,040 1,300

10.Vietnam 2,589 3,400

Source: CIA World Fact Book (2013)

GDP per capita (US$): 2011 2012

1.Brunei Darussalam 50,790 50,000

2.Indonesia 6,728 4,700

3.Malaysia 13,385 15,800

4.Philippines 3,383 4,100

5.Singapore 49,754 60,500

6.Thailand 7,907 9,500

7.Cambodia 1,818 2,200

8.Lao PDR 2,054 2,700

9.Myanmar 1,040 1,300

10.Vietnam 2,589 3,400

Source: CIA World Fact Book (2013) 7

II. AEC Core Areas of Integration II. AEC Core Areas of Integration

1. Human resource development and capacity building

2. Recognition of professional qualifications

3. Closer consultation on macroeconomic and financial policies

4. Trade financing measures; enhanced infrastructure and communications connectivity

5. Development of electronic transactions through e-ASEAN

6. Integrating industries across the region to promote regional sourcing

7. Enhancing private sector involvement for the AEC

1. Human resource development and capacity building

2. Recognition of professional qualifications

3. Closer consultation on macroeconomic and financial policies

4. Trade financing measures; enhanced infrastructure and communications connectivity

5. Development of electronic transactions through e-ASEAN

6. Integrating industries across the region to promote regional sourcing

7. Enhancing private sector involvement for the AEC

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Five Core Elements of a Single Market and Production Base

Five Core Elements of a Single Market and Production Base

1. Free flow of goods: removal of tariffs or through removal of non-tariff barriers.

2. Free flow of services: No substantial restriction

to ASEAN service suppliers within the ASEAN

subject to domestic regulations.

By 2015 ASEAN is also working towards

recognition of professional qualifications with the view of facilitating movement within the regions.

1. Free flow of goods: removal of tariffs or through removal of non-tariff barriers.

2. Free flow of services: No substantial restriction

to ASEAN service suppliers within the ASEAN

subject to domestic regulations.

By 2015 ASEAN is also working towards

recognition of professional qualifications with the view of facilitating movement within the regions.

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3. Free flow of investment: To enhance ASEAN’s

competiveness in attracting foreign direct

investments as well as intra-ASEAN investments

to promote and ensure dynamic development of

ASEAN economies.

4. Freer flow of capital: To strengthen ASEAN

capital market development and integration, and

allow greater movement of capital.

5. Free flow of skilled labor: To allow managed

mobility and entry for the movement of people

engaged in goods, services and investment.

3. Free flow of investment: To enhance ASEAN’s

competiveness in attracting foreign direct

investments as well as intra-ASEAN investments

to promote and ensure dynamic development of

ASEAN economies.

4. Freer flow of capital: To strengthen ASEAN

capital market development and integration, and

allow greater movement of capital.

5. Free flow of skilled labor: To allow managed

mobility and entry for the movement of people

engaged in goods, services and investment.10

Summary of Areas of Economic and Financial Integration

Summary of Areas of Economic and Financial Integration

Financial integration of ASEAN will be as follows:

1.Financial services liberation, including banking integration

2.Capital account liberation: removing restrictions on foreign exchange transactions on current account, foreign direct investments, portfolio investments, etc.

3.Capital market development: harmonization of laws and regulations, and linkage of market infrastructure, etc.

4.Harmonized payments and settlement systems.

Financial integration of ASEAN will be as follows:

1.Financial services liberation, including banking integration

2.Capital account liberation: removing restrictions on foreign exchange transactions on current account, foreign direct investments, portfolio investments, etc.

3.Capital market development: harmonization of laws and regulations, and linkage of market infrastructure, etc.

4.Harmonized payments and settlement systems.

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III. Benefits and Challenges for Cambodia in Engaging in the ASEAN Economic

Community

III. Benefits and Challenges for Cambodia in Engaging in the ASEAN Economic

CommunityBenefits:

1.Cambodia needs to speed up the economic reforms through strengthening good governance, infrastructure development, human resource development and research and development.

2. Enhance the development of public-private partnership.

3.More government support to the private sector in developing capacity, financing, technology, etc.4.Focus on a knowledge-based economy through an educational system focused on innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship development.

Benefits:

1.Cambodia needs to speed up the economic reforms through strengthening good governance, infrastructure development, human resource development and research and development.

2. Enhance the development of public-private partnership.

3.More government support to the private sector in developing capacity, financing, technology, etc.4.Focus on a knowledge-based economy through an educational system focused on innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship development.

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Challenges:

1.Cambodian public administration is viewed as insufficient by the private sector in meeting the ASEAN criteria in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

2.High production costs such as electricity compared to other ASEAN countries

3. Lack of sufficient level of skilled labor and critical

professionals such as engineering, business

(CPA, CFA, Financial Analysts, Economists, etc.)

4.An insufficient overall education policy coordination body, of a well-functioning accreditation institution, a good labor market information system, etc.

Challenges:

1.Cambodian public administration is viewed as insufficient by the private sector in meeting the ASEAN criteria in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

2.High production costs such as electricity compared to other ASEAN countries

3. Lack of sufficient level of skilled labor and critical

professionals such as engineering, business

(CPA, CFA, Financial Analysts, Economists, etc.)

4.An insufficient overall education policy coordination body, of a well-functioning accreditation institution, a good labor market information system, etc.

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• Due to a large amount of important issues dealing with the integration of Cambodia in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by the year of 2015, I would like to focus only on one area dealing with the preparation of our human resource to be ready for a full benefit in this integration process.

• To do this, let me focus my presentation on the field of finance and accounting in order to stress on the need to urgently reform the program and training that are urgently needed to meet the ASEAN educational requirement in this field.

• Due to a large amount of important issues dealing with the integration of Cambodia in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by the year of 2015, I would like to focus only on one area dealing with the preparation of our human resource to be ready for a full benefit in this integration process.

• To do this, let me focus my presentation on the field of finance and accounting in order to stress on the need to urgently reform the program and training that are urgently needed to meet the ASEAN educational requirement in this field.

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IV. An Examination of an Area of Training need: The Area of Finance and Accounting IV. An Examination of an Area of Training

need: The Area of Finance and Accounting

The objectives of ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) are to:

•facilitate mobility of accountancy services professionals across participating ASEAN Member States;

•enhance the current regime for the provision of accountancy services in the participating ASEAN Member States; and

•exchange information in order to promote adoption of best practices on standards and qualifications.

 

The objectives of ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) are to:

•facilitate mobility of accountancy services professionals across participating ASEAN Member States;

•enhance the current regime for the provision of accountancy services in the participating ASEAN Member States; and

•exchange information in order to promote adoption of best practices on standards and qualifications.

 

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This means:•the cross-border movement of professional accountants providing accountancy and public auditing services that require domestic licensing in ASEAN Member States may be facilitated through:

a. bilateral Mutual Recognition Agreements

(MRAs)

b. multilateral MRAs between or among the

Member States.

This means:•the cross-border movement of professional accountants providing accountancy and public auditing services that require domestic licensing in ASEAN Member States may be facilitated through:

a. bilateral Mutual Recognition Agreements

(MRAs)

b. multilateral MRAs between or among the

Member States.

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Challenge to Our Existing Finance and Accounting Program

Challenge to Our Existing Finance and Accounting Program

• We need to review the process for integrating a proposed standardized accounting syllabus recommended by the World bank and ADB in the present accounting and finance programs of Cambodian universities, and to proceed to the transformation of those programs as smoothly and practically as possible.

• Our universities may need the assistance of the Kampuchea Institute of Charted Accountants and Auditors (KICPAA) to speed up the process of this integration.

• We need to review the process for integrating a proposed standardized accounting syllabus recommended by the World bank and ADB in the present accounting and finance programs of Cambodian universities, and to proceed to the transformation of those programs as smoothly and practically as possible.

• Our universities may need the assistance of the Kampuchea Institute of Charted Accountants and Auditors (KICPAA) to speed up the process of this integration.

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By the year 2015 and beyond, the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) which enhances the cooperation in services among ASEAN Member States are designed:

•to improve the efficiency and competitiveness,

•to eliminate substantially restrictions to trade in services amongst ASEAN Member States and

•to liberalize trade beyond those undertaken by ASEAN Member States.

By the year 2015 and beyond, the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) which enhances the cooperation in services among ASEAN Member States are designed:

•to improve the efficiency and competitiveness,

•to eliminate substantially restrictions to trade in services amongst ASEAN Member States and

•to liberalize trade beyond those undertaken by ASEAN Member States.

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ASEAN countries, including Cambodia, agreed on the objectives of:

•facilitating mobility of accountancy services professionals across participating ASEAN Member States,

•enhancing the current regime for the provision of accountancy services in the participating ASEAN Member States; and

•exchanging information to promote adoption of best practices on standards and qualifications.

ASEAN countries, including Cambodia, agreed on the objectives of:

•facilitating mobility of accountancy services professionals across participating ASEAN Member States,

•enhancing the current regime for the provision of accountancy services in the participating ASEAN Member States; and

•exchanging information to promote adoption of best practices on standards and qualifications.

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We need to standardize the accounting and finance syllabus throughout Cambodian universities by:

•developing and producing a number of needed accounting and finance textbooks that facilitate the implementation of the standardized accounting and finance syllabus,

•standardizing the delivery of quality teaching and method of assessment of the accounting knowledge that can help produce qualified accounting graduates in Cambodia to met the ASEAN challenges.

We need to standardize the accounting and finance syllabus throughout Cambodian universities by:

•developing and producing a number of needed accounting and finance textbooks that facilitate the implementation of the standardized accounting and finance syllabus,

•standardizing the delivery of quality teaching and method of assessment of the accounting knowledge that can help produce qualified accounting graduates in Cambodia to met the ASEAN challenges.

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The Challenges are:

•To rebuild the accountancy reputation in Cambodia

•To bring back the confidence in audited financial statements

•To adopt and implement international standards and get the commitment of an internationally accepted curriculum

•To establish a strong accountancy profession at the international regional, and domestic level.

The Challenges are:

•To rebuild the accountancy reputation in Cambodia

•To bring back the confidence in audited financial statements

•To adopt and implement international standards and get the commitment of an internationally accepted curriculum

•To establish a strong accountancy profession at the international regional, and domestic level.

The role of the International Federation of Accountant (IFAC)The role of the International

Federation of Accountant (IFAC)

• The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), composed of 173 member-bodies in 130 countries, in different stages and adoption of international accounting standards.

• KICPAA, representing the Cambodian accounting profession, is a member of IFAC.

• Member- bodies are required to demonstrate compliance with international accountancy standards through the Statements of Membership Obligations (SMOs)

• The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), composed of 173 member-bodies in 130 countries, in different stages and adoption of international accounting standards.

• KICPAA, representing the Cambodian accounting profession, is a member of IFAC.

• Member- bodies are required to demonstrate compliance with international accountancy standards through the Statements of Membership Obligations (SMOs)

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Key Requirements by IFACKey Requirements by IFAC

• International Accounting Education Standards

• International Auditing and Assurance Standards

• International Public Sector Accounting Standards

• International Ethics Standards for Accountants

• International Financial Reporting Standards

• International Accounting Education Standards

• International Auditing and Assurance Standards

• International Public Sector Accounting Standards

• International Ethics Standards for Accountants

• International Financial Reporting Standards

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• An ASEAN Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) enables professional service providers registered in signatory countries to be equally recognized in another signatory country.

• It allows professionals in one country to move to another country, with their existing credentials being recognized by passing an exam on corporate and taxation laws and regulations in order to obtain a license to practice the profession in that country.

• An ASEAN Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) enables professional service providers registered in signatory countries to be equally recognized in another signatory country.

• It allows professionals in one country to move to another country, with their existing credentials being recognized by passing an exam on corporate and taxation laws and regulations in order to obtain a license to practice the profession in that country.

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Basis for Recognition among ASEAN countries Basis for Recognition among ASEAN countries

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Education License Competencies Experience IFAC Standards and Guidelines

Note: • All ASEAN accounting and finance professionals

adopt the IFAC educational and professional guideline.

• The next slide lists other ASEAN professional membership agreements.

Education License Competencies Experience IFAC Standards and Guidelines

Note: • All ASEAN accounting and finance professionals

adopt the IFAC educational and professional guideline.

• The next slide lists other ASEAN professional membership agreements.

Other ASEAN Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRA)Other ASEAN Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRA)

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MRA for Professionals Year Venue Date Signed

Engineering Services 2005 Kuala Lumpur 9 Dec 2005

Nursing Services 2006 Cebu 8 Dec 2006

Architectural Services 2007 Singapore 19 Nov 2007

Framework on surveyors 2007 Singapore 19 Nov 2007

Framework on accountancy 2009 Chan-am 26 Feb 2009

Medical Practitioners 2009 Chan-am 26 Feb 2009

Dental Practitioners 2009 Chan-am 26 Feb 2009

ASEAN Federation of Accountants (AFA)ASEAN Federation of Accountants (AFA)

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Established in 1977, led by a council consisting of the representatives of the national accounting bodies of Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Composed of ten (10) ASEAN member bodies and four (4) Associate member bodies Objective is for regional cooperation and exchange of best practices among ASEAN Accountants for professional development

Established in 1977, led by a council consisting of the representatives of the national accounting bodies of Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Composed of ten (10) ASEAN member bodies and four (4) Associate member bodies Objective is for regional cooperation and exchange of best practices among ASEAN Accountants for professional development

AFA Ten Regular MembersAFA Ten Regular Members

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Brunei - BICPA Lao - LICPA Cambodia - KICPAA Indonesia - IAI Malaysia - MIA Myanmar - MAC Philippines - PICPA Singapore - ISCA Thailand - FAP , Vietnam - VAA

Brunei - BICPA Lao - LICPA Cambodia - KICPAA Indonesia - IAI Malaysia - MIA Myanmar - MAC Philippines - PICPA Singapore - ISCA Thailand - FAP , Vietnam - VAA

AFA’s Role in MRAAFA’s Role in MRA

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ASEAN Federation of Accountants (AFA)

1.Analyse the country requirements for the Accountants and Practicing Public Accountants.

2. Coordinate with each countries’ focal points to confirm and update the information contained in

The AFA’s Easy Guide to Setting up Accountancy

Practices in ASEAN Countries

3. Issue on equivalency among ASEAN Nations in terms

of compensation, benefits and qualifications of

practitioners.

ASEAN Federation of Accountants (AFA)

1.Analyse the country requirements for the Accountants and Practicing Public Accountants.

2. Coordinate with each countries’ focal points to confirm and update the information contained in

The AFA’s Easy Guide to Setting up Accountancy

Practices in ASEAN Countries

3. Issue on equivalency among ASEAN Nations in terms

of compensation, benefits and qualifications of

practitioners.

V. ConclusionV. Conclusion

By the year 2015 and beyond, the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) are:

1.to enhance cooperation in services among ASEAN member states to improve the efficiency and competitiveness,

2.to eliminate substantially restrictions to trade in services amongst ASEAN Member States and

3.to liberalize trade beyond those undertaken by ASEAN Member States.

By the year 2015 and beyond, the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) are:

1.to enhance cooperation in services among ASEAN member states to improve the efficiency and competitiveness,

2.to eliminate substantially restrictions to trade in services amongst ASEAN Member States and

3.to liberalize trade beyond those undertaken by ASEAN Member States.

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• Keeping this development in mind, the reform of the present capacity building programs to improve the Cambodian accounting education is perceived to be a necessary policy option in the “Financial Sector Development Strategy 2011-2020” of the Royal Government of Cambodia.

• We must provide future Cambodian finance and accounting professions the necessary academic and professional skills that enable them to be competitive and ready to face the influx of internationally qualified accountants in the ASEAN region as well as globally.

• Keeping this development in mind, the reform of the present capacity building programs to improve the Cambodian accounting education is perceived to be a necessary policy option in the “Financial Sector Development Strategy 2011-2020” of the Royal Government of Cambodia.

• We must provide future Cambodian finance and accounting professions the necessary academic and professional skills that enable them to be competitive and ready to face the influx of internationally qualified accountants in the ASEAN region as well as globally.

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Thank you for your attention

and

Q & A

Thank you for your attention

and

Q & A

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