ImperialismImperialism

1850-19141850-1914

What is imperialism?What is imperialism? The takeover of a country or territory by The takeover of a country or territory by

a stronger countrya stronger country Why do Europeans do this?Why do Europeans do this?

Industrialization sparks the need for: Industrialization sparks the need for: LandLand Natural resources Natural resources New markets New markets

A New Period of A New Period of ImperialismImperialism

Forms of ControlForms of Control ColonyColony

Governed by a foreign powerGoverned by a foreign power ProtectorateProtectorate

Governs itself, but under outside controlGoverns itself, but under outside control Sphere of InfluenceSphere of Influence

Outside power controls investments & tradingOutside power controls investments & trading Economic ImperialismEconomic Imperialism

Private business interests assert controlPrivate business interests assert control

I. The Scramble for I. The Scramble for AfricaAfrica

Africa Before European Africa Before European DominionDominion Divided into hundreds of ethnic Divided into hundreds of ethnic

groupsgroups Nations ranged from large empires Nations ranged from large empires

to independent villagesto independent villages Europeans only had contact on Europeans only had contact on

African coastsAfrican coasts

The Scramble for Africa The Scramble for Africa (cont)(cont)

Europeans who penetrated Africa Europeans who penetrated Africa were:were: Explorers – seeking wealth and Explorers – seeking wealth and

notoriety notoriety Missionaries – trying to convert Missionaries – trying to convert

Africans to ChristianityAfricans to Christianity Humanitarians – “westernize” the Humanitarians – “westernize” the

“savages”“savages”

The Division of AfricaThe Division of Africa The Berlin The Berlin

Conference (1884)Conference (1884) Europeans leaders Europeans leaders

divide Africadivide Africa By 1914 – Only By 1914 – Only

independent nationsindependent nations LiberiaLiberia EthiopiaEthiopia

According to this cartoon, which European countries were fighting for a position in Africa?

How did the Berlin Conference lead to the situation shown in the cartoon?

Effects of European Imperialism in Africa

African ResistanceAfrican Resistance Africans Confront ImperialismAfricans Confront Imperialism

Broad resistance, but Europeans have Broad resistance, but Europeans have superior weaponssuperior weapons

Unsuccessful MovementsUnsuccessful Movements Algeria Algeria German East AfricaGerman East Africa

Successful MovementsSuccessful Movements Ethiopia under Emperor Menelik IIEthiopia under Emperor Menelik II

Legacy of ImperialismLegacy of Imperialism Negative EffectsNegative Effects

Africans lose land and independenceAfricans lose land and independence Many lives are lostMany lives are lost Traditional cultures breakdownTraditional cultures breakdown Division of Africa creates problems that Division of Africa creates problems that

continue todaycontinue today Positive EffectsPositive Effects

Reduces local fightingReduces local fighting Sanitation improvesSanitation improves Hospitals and schools createdHospitals and schools created Technology brings economic growthTechnology brings economic growth

II. British Imperialism in II. British Imperialism in IndiaIndia

Britain Controlled IndiaBritain Controlled India British East India CompanyBritish East India Company

Controls India thru economic Controls India thru economic imperialismimperialism

India was seen as the most India was seen as the most important colonyimportant colony Known as the “Jewel in the Known as the “Jewel in the

Crown”Crown”

Effects of British RuleEffects of British Rule Impact of ColonialismImpact of Colonialism

Cash crops (cotton) resulted in famineCash crops (cotton) resulted in famine Indian culture is disrupted due to Indian culture is disrupted due to

racism and missionariesracism and missionaries Britain sought to “modernize” IndiaBritain sought to “modernize” India

III. British Imperialism in III. British Imperialism in South AfricaSouth Africa

Three Groups Clash for PowerThree Groups Clash for Power AfricansAfricans BoersBoers

Dutch settlers that had controlled South Dutch settlers that had controlled South Africa since the mid 1600sAfrica since the mid 1600s

BritishBritish

The Boer WarThe Boer War The British vs. the The British vs. the

BoersBoers Fought over the Fought over the

control of gold and control of gold and diamond minesdiamond mines

British win in 1910British win in 1910

IV. The Suez CanalIV. The Suez Canal What is the Suez Canal?What is the Suez Canal?

Waterway in Egypt connecting the Waterway in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea to the Indian OceanIndian Ocean

Why was it Built?Why was it Built? To improve trade with AsiaTo improve trade with Asia

How was it built?How was it built? Built mainly with French moneyBuilt mainly with French money Gave control of the canal to FranceGave control of the canal to France

The

Suez

Canal

THE ENDTHE END