implemeitng gatekeepers and ip-to-ip gateways

CCVP Prep: Implementing Gatekeepers and IPto-IP GatewaysBob Liggett

Presentation_ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

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AgendaPreparing for the GWGK Exam Gatekeeper Foundation Directory Gatekeepers Gatekeeper Redundancy IP-to-IP Gateway Q&A

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GatekeepersWhat you need to know:Gatekeeper Foundation Zone and Zone Prefixes Bandwidth Technology Prefixes RAS Signaling Gatekeeper Discovery Registration Requests Admission Requests Resource Availability Indicator Intra and Inter Zone Call Set-up How to configure all this and make it work

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Gatekeeper Foundation

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Gatekeeper FoundationA gatekeeper is an H.323 entity on the network that provides services such as address translation and network access control for H.323 terminals, gateways, and MCUs. Gatekeepers can also provide other services such as bandwidth management, accounting, and centralized dial plan resolution for scalability. Gatekeepers are logically separated from H.323 endpoints such as terminals and gateways. Gatekeepers are optional but in the H.323 specification if a gatekeeper is present, endpoints must use the services provided.

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Mandatory FunctionsAddress Translation Translates H.323 IDs (such [email protected]) and E.164 numbers (standard telephone numbers) to endpoint IP addresses

Admission Control Controls endpoint admission into theH.323 network

Bandwidth Control Consists of managing endpointbandwidth requirements, not Call Admission Control

Zone Management The gatekeeper provides zonemanagement for all registered endpoints in the zone

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Optional FunctionsCall Authorization - Can restrict access to certain terminals or gateways and/or have time-of-day policies restrict access an example would be using Gatekeeper Transaction Management Protocol (GKTMP) Call Management - Maintains active call information and uses it to indicate busy endpoints or redirect calls, an example would be Resource Availability Indicator (RAI) Bandwidth Management A method for providing Call Admission Control by using specific gatekeeper bandwidth commands it can reject admission when the required bandwidth is not available Call Control Signaling - Can route call-signaling messages between H.323 endpoints using the Gatekeeper-Routed Call Signaling (GKRCS) model, which has H.225 RAS, H.225, H.245 and TRP streams all flow through the gatekeeper. Alternatively, it may use Directed Call Signaling which only has H.225 RAS messages flow through the gatekeeper and all other streams flow directly between the endpointsPresentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

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Scenario Acme Ice Crusher Corp.San Jose Boston

408-555-1213

978-555-1213

IP WAN408-555-1212 978-555-1212

PSTN714-555-1213 212-555-1213

714-555-1212

212-555-1212

Los AngelesPresentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

New York8

Scenario cont. Acme Ice Crusher Corp.GK-WEST GK-EAST

Zone SJ

10.100.100.99/24

10.200.99.99/24

Zone BOS10.200.100.100/24GW-BOS

10.100.100.100/24GW-SJ

408-555-1213

IP WAN

978-555-1213

408-555-121210.100.100.101/24GW-LA

978-555-1212

PSTN

10.200.100.101/24GW-NY

714-555-1213 714-555-1212

212-555-1213

212-555-1212

Zone LAPresentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

Zone NY9

Zones and Zone PrefixesZone: H.323 endpoints are grouped into zones. Each zone has one gatekeeper that manages all the endpoints in the zone. Zone Prefixes: A zone prefix is the part of the called number that identifies the zone to which a call goes. Zone prefixes are usually used to associate an area or country code to a configured zone.

GK-West

GW-SJ

GW-LA

PSTN

PSTN

408Presentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

71410

Zones and Zone Prefixes cont.Zone: H.323 endpoints are grouped into zones. Each zone has one gatekeeper that manages all the endpoints in the zone. Zone Prefixes: A zone prefix is the part of the called number that identifies the zone to which a call goes. Zone prefixes are usually used to associate an area or country code to a configured zone.

GK-West

GW-SJ

GW-LA

PSTN

PSTN

408Presentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

71411

Zone and Zone Prefix ConfigurationGK-West ! zone local SJ icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 zone local LA icecrushers.com zone remote BOS icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 1719 zone remote NY icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99.1719 zone prefix SJ 408....... zone prefix LA 714....... zone prefix BOS 978....... zone prefix NY 212....... bandwidth interzone default 64 bandwidth session zone SJ 64 no shutdown

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Zone and Zone Prefix Configuration cont.GK-West ! zone local SJ icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 zone local LA icecrushers.com zone remote BOS icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 1719 zone remote NY icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99.1719 zone prefix SJ 408....... zone prefix LA 714....... zone prefix BOS 978....... zone prefix NY 212....... bandwidth interzone default 64 bandwidth session zone SJ 64 no shutdown

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Zone and Zone Prefix ConfigurationGK-West ! zone local SJ icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 zone local LA icecrushers.com zone remote BOS icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 1719 zone remote NY icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99.1719 zone prefix SJ 408....... zone prefix LA 714....... zone prefix BOS 978....... zone prefix NY 212....... bandwidth interzone default 64 bandwidth session zone SJ 64 no shutdown

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BandwidthThis is a method to deploy Call Admission Control in an H.323 network The bandwidth commands are used to specify the maximum aggregate bandwidth for H.323 traffic and verify the available bandwidth of the destination gatekeeper, use the bandwidth command in gatekeeper configuration mode. There are four options available on the gatekeeper, they are: Interzone - Total amount of bandwidth for H.323 traffic from the zone to any other zone. Total - Total amount of bandwidth for H.323 traffic allowed in the zone. Session - Maximum bandwidth allowed for a session in the zone. Default - Default value for all zones.Presentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

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Bandwidth ConfigurationGK-West ! zone local SJ icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 zone local LA icecrushers.com zone remote BOS icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 1719 zone remote NY icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 1719 zone prefix SJ 408....... zone prefix LA 714....... zone prefix BOS 978....... zone prefix NY 212....... bandwidth interzone default 64 bandwidth session zone SJ 64 no shutdown

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GK-East Gatekeeper ConfigurationGK-East ! zone local BOS icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 zone local NY icecrushers.com zone remote SJ icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 1719 zone remote LA icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 1719 zone prefix SJ 408....... zone prefix LA 714....... zone prefix BOS 978....... zone prefix NY 212....... bandwidth interzone zone BOS 128 bandwidth zone session 128 no shutdown !

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GatewaysRequires gateway service to be activated Requires an interface to be associated with the gateway service, such as an Ethernet interface Requires the gateway to be named so it can be identified in the gatekeeper, in our example well look at GW-SJ and GWBOS Requires the name of the zone and the IP address of the gatekeeper, in our examples well use the GK-West and GKEast gatekeepers and their zones and associated IP addresses May require options such as technology prefixes. Requires dial peers to route calls

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Gateway ConfigurationGW-SJ ! gateway ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 10.100.100.100 255.255.255.0 h323-gateway voip interface h323-gateway voip id GK-West ipaddr 10.100.100.99 1719 h323-gateway voip h323-id GW-SJ !

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Gateway Gatekeeper Configuration cont.GW-BOS ! gateway ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 10.200.100.100 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-dense-mode h323-gateway voip interface h323-gateway voip id GK-East multicast priority 1 h323-gateway voip h323-id GW-BOS !

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Technology PrefixesH.323 Terminal

#2gw-sj2 IPGK-WEST

#2

H.323 Terminal

gw-ny2H.323 Video

H.323 Video Voice

gw-sj3 gw-sj4

GK-EAST

gw-ny3 gw-ny4

408

212

Voice

Technology prefixes are used to distinguish between gateways having specific capabilities within a given zone. The technology prefix could be used to distinguish gateways that support terminals, video endpoints or telephony devices or systems.

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Technology Prefix ConfigurationGK-West ! gatekeeper zone local SJ icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 zone remote BOS icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 1719 zone prefix SJ 408....... zone prefix BOS 978....... gw-type-prefix 1#* default-technology no shutdown GW-SJ ! interface FastEthernet0/1 ip address 10.100.100.100 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto h323-gateway voip interface h323-gateway voip id GK-West ipaddr 10.100.100.99 1719 h323-gateway voip h323-id GW-SJ h323-gateway voip tech-prefix 1#Presentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

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Technology Prefix Configurations cont.GK-East ! zone local BOS icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 zone remote SJ icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 1719 zone prefix SJ 408....... zone prefix BOS 978....... gw-type-prefix 2#* default-technology no shutdown GW-BOS ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 10.200.100.100 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-dense-mode duplex auto speed auto h323-gateway voip interface h323-gateway voip id GK-East multicast priority 1 h323-gateway voip h323-id GW-BOS h323-gateway voip tech-prefix 2#Presentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

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Technology Prefix Configuration cont.GK-West ! gatekeeper zone local SJ icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 zone remote BOS icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 1719 zone prefix SJ 408....... zone prefix BOS 978....... arq-reject no shutdown GW-SJ ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 10.100.100.100 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto h323-gateway voip interface h323-gateway voip id GK-West ipaddr 10.100.100.99 1719 h323-gateway voip h323-id GW-SJ h323-gateway voip tech-prefix 1#Presentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

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Technology Prefix Configurations cont.GK-East ! zone local BOS icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 zone remote SJ icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 1719 zone prefix SJ 408....... zone prefix BOS 978....... no shutdown GW-BOS ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 10.200.100.100 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-dense-mode duplex auto speed auto h323-gateway voip interface h323-gateway voip id GK-East multicast priority 1 h323-gateway voip h323-id GW-BOS h323-gateway voip tech-prefix 2#Presentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

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Signaling Types RAS MessagesDiscovery:Gatekeeper Request (GRQ) Gatekeeper Confirm (GCF) Gatekeeper Reject (GRJ)

Location Request:Location Request (LRQ) Location Confirm (LCF) Location Reject (LRJ)

Registration:Registration Request (RRQ) Registration Confirm (RCF) Registration Reject (RRJ)

Admission:Admission Request (ARQ) Admission Confirm (ACF) Admission Reject (ARJ)

Unregistration:Unregistration Request (URQ) Unregistration Confirm (UCF) Unregistration Reject (URJ)

Disengage:Disengage Request (DRQ) Disengage Confirm (DCF) Disengage Reject (DRJ)

Resource Availability:Resource Availability Indicator (RAI) Resource Availability Confirm (RAC)

Request in Progress:Request in Progress (RIP)

Bandwidth Change:Bandwidth Change Request (BRQ) Bandwidth Change Confirm (BCF) Bandwidth Change Reject (BRJ)Presentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

Status Queries:Info Request (IRQ) Info Request Response (IRR) Info Request Ack (IACK) Info Request Nak (INAK)26

RAS Signaling Gatekeeper DiscoveryGatekeeper Discovery (GRQ)

Gatekeeper discovery:Uses either:GK - SJ GK - SJ

GRQ

GRQ

Unicast discovery Multicast discovery

GCF

GRJ

GW-SJ

GW-LA

Allows rediscovery if gateway decides that the gatekeeper has gone offline or sends a GRJ message Cisco CallManager does not send GRQs

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Gatekeeper Requesth323chan_dgram_send:Sent UDP msg. Bytes sent: 71 to 10.100.100.99:1719 4d16h: RASLib::GW_RASSendGRQ: GRQ (seq# 1) sent to 10.100.100.99 4d16h: RecvUDP_IPSockData successfully rcvd message of length 62 from 10.100.100.100:49579 4d16h: GRQ (seq# 8264) rcvd 4d16h: IPSOCK_RAS_sendto: msg length 33 from 10.100.100.99:1719 to 10.100.100.100: 49579 4d16h: RASLib::RASSendGCF: GCF (seq# 8264) sent to 10.100.100.100 4d16h: GCF (seq# 1) rcvd from h323chan_dgram_send:Sent UDP msg. Bytes sent: 96 to 10.100.100.99:1719

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RAS Signaling Gatekeeper RegistrationRegistration Request (RRQ)Registered Endpoints: 4085551212 = GW-SJ (Gateway) H323VC1 = H323VC1 (Terminal) 4085551214 = H323VC1 (Terminal)

GK -WEST GK -WEST

RRQ

RRQ RCFGW-SJ H323 VC1

RCF

Registration is:The process by which gateways, terminals, and MCUs join a zone and inform the gatekeeper of their IP and alias addresses

408-555-1214 408-555-1212

First RRQ is a Full Registration Subsequent RRQs are LightweightPresentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

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Registration Request ExampleGK-West#show gatekeeper endpoint GATEKEEPER ENDPOINT REGISTRATION ================================ CallSignalAddr Port RASSignalAddr Port Zone Name Type ---VOIP-GW Flags -----

--------------- ----- --------------- ----- --------10.100.100.100 1720 10.100.100.100 56937 SJ

E164-ID: 4085551212 H323-ID: GW-SJ Voice Capacity Max.= 10.100.100.101 1720 Avail.= Current.= 0 49521 SJ VOIP-GW

10.100.100.101

E164-ID: 4085551213 H323-ID: GW-SJ2 Voice Capacity Max.= Avail.= Current.= 0

Total number of active registrations = 2

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Registration Request (RRQ) cont.4d16h: RASLib::GW_RASSendRRQ: RRQ (seq# 2) sent to 10.100.100.99 4d16h: RecvUDP_IPSockData successfully rcvd message of length 87 from 10.100.100.100:49579 4d16h: RRQ (seq# 8265) rcvd 4d16h: IPSOCK_RAS_sendto: msg length 92 from 10.100.100.99:1719 to 10.100.100.100: 49579 4d16h: RASLib::RASSendRCF: RCF (seq# 8265) sent to 10.100.100.100 4d16h: h323chan_dgram_recvdata:rcvd from [10.100.100.99:1719] on sock[1] 4d16h: RCF (seq# 2) rcvd 4d16h: %CCH323-6-REGSTR: Gateway GW-SJ2 registered with Gatekeeper GK-West 4d16h: IPSOCK_RAS_sendto: msg length 29 from 10.100.100.99:1719 to 10.100.100.100: 49579 4d16h: RASLib::RASSendIRQ: IRQ (seq# 5) sent to 10.100.100.100 4d16h: h323chan_dgram_recvdata:rcvd from [10.100.100.99:1719] on sock[1] 4d16h: IRQ rcvd

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RAS Signaling Admission RequestAdmission Request (ARQ)GK-WEST GK-WEST Dial Plan: 4085551212 : GW-SJ 7145551212 : GW-LA

H.225 RAS

ARQ ACFGW-SJ

ARQ ACFGW-LA

4085551212

7145551212

Ext. 408-555-1212 calls Ext. 714-555-1212

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Admission Request (ARQ) cont.GK-West# 4d16h: RecvUDP_IPSockData successfully rcvd message of length 134 from 10.100.100.100:49579 4d16h: ARQ (seq# 8204) rcvdparse_arq_nonstd: ARQ Nonstd decode succeeded, remlen = 1640003356 4d16h: IPSOCK_RAS_sendto: msg length 102 from 10.100.100.99:1719 to 10.200.99.99: 1719 4d16h: RASLib::RASSendLRQ: LRQ (seq# 2058) sent to 10.200.99.99 4d16h: IPSOCK_RAS_sendto: to 10.100.100.100: 49579 msg length 7 from 10.100.100.99:1719

4d16h: RASLib::RASSendRIP: RIP (seq# 8204) sent to 10.100.100.100 4d16h: RecvUDP_IPSockData successfully rcvd message of length 123 from 10.200.99.99:1719 4d16h: LCF (seq# 2058) rcvdparse_lcf_nonstd: LCF Nonstd decode succeeded, remlen = 1640003356 4d16h: IPSOCK_RAS_sendto: msg length 69 from 10.100.100.99:1719 to 10.100.100.100: 49579 4d16h: RASLib::RASSendACF: ACF (seq# 8204) sent to 10.100.100.100

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RAS Signaling - Resource Availability Indicator (RAI)100 % high GW sends RAI unavailable

RAI RAQ GW

low GW sends RAI available 0%

GK GK

A gateway informs the gatekeeper when it is running short on resources: This occurs when resource usage exceeds a high water mark. DS0s, DSPs, CPU usage and Memory are included in calculation A gateway that was earlier overloaded sends another RAI to the gatekeeper when resources fall below a configured low water mark

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RAS Signaling Inter-Zone Call SetupRAS Signaling SequenceGK-WEST 2 5 1 Phone A 408-555-1212 GW-SJ 6 7 10 12 3 4 9 GK-EAST 8 11 GW-BOSPhone B 978-555-1212

1 = Phone A dials Phone B (978-555-1212) 2 = GW-SJ sends ARQ to GK-WEST 3 = GK-WEST sends LRQ to GK-EAST 4 = GK-EAST send LCF to GK-WEST 5 = GK-WEST returns ACF to GW-SJ 6 = GW-SJ sends call setup to GW-BOS

7 = GW-BOS returns a call proceeding to GW-SJ 8 = GW-BOS sends ARQ to GK-EAST 9 = GK-EAST returns ACF to GW-BOS 10 = H.245 Capability Exchange & Open Logical Channels 11 = GW-BOS sets up POTS call to Phone B (978-555-1212) 12 = Dual RTP streams between gateways

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Intra-zone CallingGK-WEST

Zone SJ

10.100.100.99/24

10.100.100.100/24GW-SJ

408-555-1212

IP WAN

10.100.100.101/24

PSTNGW-SJ2

408-555-1213

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GW-SJ2 ConfigurationGW-SJ2# ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 10.100.100.101 255.255.255.0 half-duplex h323-gateway voip interface h323-gateway voip id GK-West ipaddr 10.100.100.99 1719 h323-gateway voip h323-id GW-SJ2 !

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RAS Signaling Intra-Zone Call SetupRAS Signaling SequenceGK-WEST 2 3 1 Phone A 408-555-1212 GW-SJ 4 5 8 10 11 7 9 GW-SJ 2 Phone B 415-555-1213 6

1= Phone A dials Phone B 2 = ARQ 3 = ACF 4 = H225 Call Setup 5 = H225 Call Proceeding 6 = ARQPresentation_ID

7 = ACF 8 = H.245 Negotiations occur, Open logical channels 9 = Call Extended to Phone 10 = GWB sends to GWA Call Connect 11 = Dual RTP Streams flow


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Reference MaterialCisco IP Telephony SRND for Cisco CallManager 5.0 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/voicesw/ps556/products_implement ation_design_guide_book09186a00806492bb.html Configuring H.323 Gatekeepers http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios123/123cgcr/vvf ax_c/callc_c/h323_c/323confg/5gkconf.htm http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios123/123cgcr/vvf ax_c/callc_c/h323_c/323confg/4gwconf.htm#wp1124639 Understanding H.323 Gatekeepers http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/788/voip/gk-call-routing.pdf http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_tech_note09186a00800 c5e0d.shtml#rasbandwidthcon Designing a Scaleable Dial Plan http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/intsolns/voipsol/dp3_isd.ht m Understanding Cisco IOS Gatekeeper Call Routing http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_tech_note09186a00800 a8928.shtml

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Directory Gatekeepers

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Hierarchical Gatekeepers1. Small NetworkGateways Only 2. Small NetworkSimplified with a Gatekeeper

3. Medium NetworkMultiple Gatekeepers

4. Medium-Large NetworkMultiple Gatekeepers and a Directory Gatekeeper

Gateway

Gatekeeper

Directory Gatekeeper

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Directory GatekeeperDGK

10.200.99.100/24

Zone SJ10.100.100.100/24GW-SJ

GK-WEST

GK-EAST

Zone BOS10.200.100.100/24GW-BOS

10.100.100.99/24

10.200.99.99/24

408-555-1213

IP WAN

978-555-1213

408-555-121210.100.100.101/24GW-LA

978-555-1212

PSTN

10.200.100.101/24GW-NY

714-555-1213 714-555-1212

212-555-1213

212-555-1212


Zone NY42

Directory Gatekeeper Operation - SequentialSequential Operation This is the default function and will send an LRQ to each downstream gatekeeper in sequence

3

4

LRQ 5Q LR 6

LRQ

LR Q

Q LR

2

LRQ 17 LRQLR Q 8

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Directory Gatekeeper Operation - BlastBlast Operation sends LRQs to all downstream gatekeepers at the same time

LRQLRQ

LR Q LRQQ LR

Q LR LRQLR Q

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Directory Gatekeeper ConfigurationDGK# ! gatekeeper zone local DGK icecrushers.com 10.200.99.100 zone remote GK-East icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 1719 zone remote GK-West icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 1719 zone prefix GK-East 212....... zone prefix GK-West 408....... zone prefix GK-West 714....... zone prefix GK-East 978....... zone prefix DGK* lrq forward-queries lrq lrj immediate-advance no shutdown

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GK-East and GK-West ConfigurationsGK-East# ! gatekeeper zone local GK-East icecrushers.com 10.200.100.99 zone remote DGK icecrushers.com 10.200.100.102 1719 zone prefix NY 212....... zone prefix BOS 978....... zone prefix DGK * no shutdown

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GK-East and GK-West Configurations cont.GK-West# ! gatekeeper zone local GK-West icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 zone remote DGK icecrushers.com 10.200.100.102 1719 zone prefix SJ 408. zone prefix LA 714. zone prefix DGK * no shutdown

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ResourcesGateway Configurationhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/voicesw/ps556/products_a dministration_guide_chapter09186a00801f00ed.html#wp1183281

Cisco IP Telephony Solution Reference Network Design (SRND) for Cisco CallManager 5.0http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/voicesw/ps556/products_i mplementation_design_guide_book09186a00806492bb.html

Cisco IOS Software Library 12.3 T H.323 Gateway Configurationhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios123/12 3cgcr/vvfax_c/callc_c/h323_c/323confg/index.htm

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Gatekeeper Redundancy

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Gatekeeper Redundancy - HSRPGatekeeper configurations must be identical Both routers must be on the same LAN subnet HSRP multicast update timers can be configured One Active Gatekeeper, one standby Gatekeeper, no load balancing Switching to standby, endpoints reregister Call state is not maintained upon failoverHSRPGK GK GK GK

HSRPGK GK

10.1.1.252

10.1.1.253

10.1.1.252 10.1.1.254

10.1.1.253

10.1.1.254

RASVirtual Address

RAS

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Gatekeeper Redundancy Alternate Gatekeepers With H.323 alternate gatekeepers: Are statically configured on the endpoint Lightweight RRQs are sent from gateway to gatekeeper as keepalives. The endpoints detect the failure Failover can take up to 90 seconds. One primary and one or more alternate gatekeepers are used with no load balancingGK ALTGK

RAS

USGW1

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Cisco Gatekeeper Redundancy: ClusteringGatekeeper Cluster Characteristics:Endpoints point to their primary gatekeeper Gateways are notified of the alternate gatekeepers during registration Up to 3,000 endpoints per gatekeeper Maximum of 7,500 endpoints in a cluster Maximum of five gatekeeper Elements in a cluster Gatekeeper elements may be in different subnets Load Balancing is supported52

Cisco Gatekeeper Update Protocol GUP

Element 1 Element 2GK GK

Element 3GK

GK

GK

Element 4

Element 5

H.225_Trunk

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Gatekeeper Clusters - Acme Ice Crusher Corp.GK-WEST GK-EAST

Zone SJ

10.100.100.99/24

10.200.99.99/24

Zone BOS10.200.100.100/24GW-BOS

10.100.100.100/24GW-SJ

Cluster ACME

408-555-1213

IP WAN

978-555-1213

408-555-121210.100.100.101/24GW-LA

978-555-1212

PSTN

10.200.100.101/24GW-NY

714-555-1213 714-555-1212

212-555-1213

212-555-1212


Zone NY53

Configuring Gatekeeper ClusteringGK-West ! gatekeeper zone local SJ icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 zone local LA icecrushers.com zone remote BOS icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 1719 zone remote NY icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 1719 zone cluster remote ACME icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 1719 element GK-East 10.200.99.99 1719 zone prefix SJ 408....... zone prefix LA 714....... zone prefix BOS 978. zone prefix NY 212. bandwidth interzone zone SJ 64 bandwidth session zone SJ 64 bandwidth session zone LA 128 no shutdown

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Configuring Gatekeeper Clusters cont.GK-East ! gatekeeper zone local BOS icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 zone local NY icecrushers.com zone remote SJ icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 1719 zone remote LA icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 1719 zone cluster remote ACME icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 1719 element GK-West 10.100.100.99 1719 zone prefix SJ 408....... zone prefix LA 714....... zone prefix BOS 978. zone prefix NY 212. no shutdown

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ResourcesCisco IP Telephony Solution Reference Network Design (SRND) for Cisco CallManager 5.0http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/voicesw/ps556/products_implement ation_design_guide_book09186a00806492bb.html

Configuring H.323 Gatekeepers and Proxieshttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps5207/products_ configuration_guide_chapter09186a00802b460c.html#wp1223956

Troubleshooting GUP, Alternate Endpoint and Load Balancinghttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_tech_note091 86a00800c5f06.shtml

Presentation_ID


56

IP-to-IP Gateway

Presentation_ID


57

Topologies

408 ZoneVZGK GK-West

919 ZoneGK

323-323 GW-SJ

IPIPGW

GW

Presentation_ID


58

Features / FunctionsFeaturesProtocol Interworking Address Hiding, Security NAT Traversal Media Interworking QoS Call Admission Control Billing Lawful Intercept

Presentation_ID


59

Internet Calling for Audio/Video TelephonyAcme Icecrushers.com CCM ClusterA

Service Provider

GKStateful FW VoIP AwareSBC

IP

V

PSTN

GKSBC

Signaling

Customer Premise

RTP

Presentation_ID


60

Network and Address HidingSIP UA A 10.1.1.1 Src 10.1.1.1:1025 Dst 170.1.1.1: SBCs port c = 10.1.1.1 Src 170.1.1.1:1030 Dst 20.1.1.1:5060 c = 170.1.1.1 m = 20000, 20001 IP-to-IP Gateway 170.1.1.1 SIP UA B 20.1.1.1

Invite B @ 170.1.1.1

Invite B @ 20.1.1.1

Acts like a Back-to-Back User Agent it would reformulate a request with entirely new From, Via, Contact, Call-ID, and Session Descriptor Protocol (SDP) media information. Also for H.323 to H.323 and H.323 to SIP, the endpoints only see the IP Address of the IP-to-IP Gateway.

Presentation_ID


61

CallManager Cluster

Protocol SupportA

CallManager ClusterA

IP-to-IP Gateway (H.323-H.323) H323 H323

SBC CallManager ClusterA

IP-to-IP Gateway (H.323-SIP)

H.323

SIP

SBC

SIP

IP-to-IP Gateway (B2BUA)

SIP SIPPresentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

SBC62

Protocol Support - H323-H323 FeaturesCallManager ClusterA

IP-to-IP Gateway (H.323-H.323) H323 H323

A

CallManager Cluster

SBC

Network/Topology Hiding for Voice and Video Calls Protocol Compliance - H.323v2/v4 Voice Codecs G.711u,G.711a,G.723,G.726,G.729,G.728, GSMFR, GSMEFR, Codec Transparent Video Codecs H.261,H.263,H.264 Codec Filtering Media Media Flow Through and Media Flow Around DTMF H.245 Alphanumeric, H.245 Signal,H323 RFC2833 Fax/Modem T.38 Fax, Cisco Fax Relay, Fax Pass Through, Modem Pass-ThroughPresentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

Signaling Interworking - Fast Start Slow Start Supplementary Services Transcoding G711 < > G.729 Transport Mode - TCP, UDP (with GK) Number Translation Quality of Service - IP Precedence , DSCP Marking Call Admission Control Max-Connections, RSVP, IP Circuit Accounting - Call Detail Records TCL IVR Support Rotary Support - Same Codec, Different Codecs

63

CallManager Cluster

Protocol Support - H323-SIP FeaturesA

IP-to-IP Gateway (H.323-SIP)

SIP Proxy

H.323

SIP

SBC

Network/Topology Hiding for Voice Calls Protocol Compliance H.323v2/v4 RFC 3261 Signaling Compliant DNS A & SRV (RFC 2052/2782) SDP, RTP/RTCP Voice Codecs G.711u,G.711a,G.723,G.726(16 & 24 kbps), G.729,G.728 Codec Filtering DTMF H.245 alpha/Signal RFC2833/SIPNotify H323 RFC2833 SIP RFC2833 Fax/Modem T.38 Fax, Cisco Fax Relay,Presentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

Signaling Interworking Fast Start < >Early Media Slow Start - >Delayed Media Media - Media Flow through Transcoding G711 < > G.729 Transport Mode - TCP, UDP Quality of Service - IP Precedence , DSCP Marking Call Admission Control Max-Connections, RSVP Accounting - Call Detail Records TCL IVR Support VoiceXML Support for H323-SIP

64

Protocol Support - SIP-SIP Features - 12.4(4)TSIP ProxySIP IP-to-IP Gateway (B2BUA)

SIP SIP

SBC

Network/Topology Hiding for Voice Calls Protocol Compliance RFC 3261 Signaling Compliant DNS A & SRV (RFC 2052/2782) SDP, RTP/RTCP Voice Codecs G.711u,G.711a,.726(16,24,32kbps), G.729,G.728, G.723,G DTMF RFC 2833 RFC 2833 SIP Notify SIP Notify Fax/Modem T.38 Fax, Fax PassthruPresentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

Signaling Interworking Early Media Early Media Media Media Flow through Transport Mode - TCP, UDP Quality of Service IP Precedence , DSCP Marking Call Admission Control Max-Connections, RSVP Rotary Support - Same Codec Accounting Call Detail Records TCL IVR - RFC283365

SignalingMedia Flow-Through Generates two IP call legs

Signaling Leg: 1 Media Leg: 1SBC

Signaling Leg: 2 Media Leg: 2

Media Flow-Around

Signaling Leg: 1SBC

Signaling Leg: 2

Media Bypasses the IP-to-IP Gateway

Presentation_ID


66

Via Zone OverviewVia-zone is a Cisco term for a zone that contains IPto-IP gateways and via-zone-enabled gatekeepers. The via-zone-enabled gatekeeper is capable of recognizing via-zones and sending traffic to viazone gateways. Via-zones are usually located on the edge of an Enterprise or ITSP network, and are like a VoIP transfer point, or tandem zone, where traffic passes through on the way to the remote zone destination.

Presentation_ID


67

IP-to-IP Gateway Signaling

BOBTEL.com icecrushers.com 408 Zone via Zone

3, 4VZGK

10, 11 7, 8, 9, 12 13323-323

919 ZoneGK 919

GK-West

2, 5 1GW-SJ

6IPIPGW

14, 15GW 919

Presentation_ID


68

IP-to-IP Gateway Signaling cont.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. A call is placed from the CallManager cluster to someone in area code 919. GW-SJ sends an ARQ with the called number having the 919 area code to GK-West. GK-SJ resolves 919 belonging to the via-zone gatekeeper and sends an LRQ to VZGK. VZGK receives LRQ for 919 and resolves the 919 prefix to the IPIPGW. VZGK sends FLCF to GK-West. GK-West returns an ACF specifying IPIPGW to GW-SJ. GW-SJ sends a SETUP message to IPIPGW for the 919 number. IPIPGW sends an ARQ to VZGK with the answerCall=true parameter to admit the incoming call. VZGK responds with an ACF to admit the call. From the perspective of VZGK the first call leg is established. IPIPGW has a dial peer specifying that RAS messages should be sent to VZGK for all prefixes. IPIPGW initiates the resending of the call by sending the ARQ message with the answerCall=false to VZGK for 919. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.Presentation_ID

VZGK knows that prefix 919 belongs to GK919, and since the source zone is the viazone, the VZGK sends an LRQ to GK919. GK919 sees prefix 919 as a local zone and sends an LCF pointing to GW919. VZGK returns an ACF to the IPIPGW specifying GW919. IPIPGW sends a SETUP message to GW919 for the 919 call. GW919 sends an ARQ to GK919 to request admission for the call. GK919 sends an ACF with the answerCall=true parameter. 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

69

Acme Ice Crusher Corp. with IP-to-IP GatewayZone SJGK-SJSBC

Zone BOSGK-BOS GW-OSSBC

A

IP WAN

A

GK-LA

PSTN

GK-NYSBC

SBC

A

A


Zone NY70

Acme Ice Crusher Corp. with VIA ZoneVIA Zone Zone SJGK-WEST

ITSPGK-VZ

GK-EAST

Zone BOS

GW-SJ

SBC

GW-BOS

IP WAN

PSTNGW-LA GW-NY


Zone NY71

ConfigurationGK-West ! gatekeeper zone local GK408 icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 zone remote VIA icecrushers.com 10.201.100.99 1719 zone remote BOS icecrushers.com 10.200.100.99 1719 zone remote NY icecrushers.com 10.200.100.99 1719 zone prefix BOS 978. zone prefix NY 212. zone prefix VIA * gw-type-prefix 1#* default-technology no shutdownPresentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

72

IP-to-IP Gateway Configuration cont.GW-SJ ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 10.100.100.100 255.255.255.0 half-duplex h323-gateway voip interface h323-gateway voip id GK-West ipaddr 10.100.100.99 1719 h323-gateway voip h323-id GW-SJ h323-gateway voip tech-prefix 1# ! gateway

Presentation_ID


73

IP-to-IP Gateway Configuration cont.GK-East ! gatekeeper zone local BOS icecrushers.com 10.200.99.99 zone local NY icecrushers.com zone remote SJ icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 1719 zone remote LA icecrushers.com 10.100.100.99 1719 zone remote VIA icecrushers.com 10.201.100.99 1719 zone prefix NY 212....... zone prefix SJ 408....... zone prefix LA 714....... zone prefix BOS 978....... zone VIA * gw-type-prefix 2#* default-technology no shutdown !74

Presentation_ID


IP-to-IP Gateway Configuration cont.GW-BOS ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 10.200.100.100 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-dense-mode duplex auto speed auto h323-gateway voip interface h323-gateway voip id GK-East multicast priority 1 h323-gateway voip h323-id GW-BOS h323-gateway voip tech-prefix 1# h323-gateway voip tech-prefix 3# ! gateway

Presentation_ID


75

IP-to-IP Gateway Configuration cont.GK-VIA ! gatekeeper zone local GKVIA icecrushers.com 10.201.100.99 zone remote GKITSP BOBTEL.com 10.10.10.46 1719 invia GKVIA outvia GKVIA zone prefix GKITSP * no shutdown !

Presentation_ID


76

IP-to-IP Gateway Configuration cont.IPIPGW ! voice service voip no allow-connections any to pots no allow-connections pots to any allow-connections h323 to h323 h323 ip circuit max-calls 1000 ip circuit default only ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 10.16.8.145 255.255.255.0 ip route-cache same-interface duplex auto speed auto h323-gateway voip interface h323-gateway voip id GKVIA ipaddr 10.201.100.99 1718 h323-gateway voip h323-id IPIPGW h323-gateway voip tech-prefix 1# !Presentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

77

ResourcesCisco Multiservice IP-to-IP Gatewayhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/voicesw/ps5640/products_configura tion_guide_book09186a0080409b6d.html

Remote to Local Network with the Cisco Multiservice IP-to-IP Gateway Featurehttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_configuration_example 09186a0080203edc.shtml

Remote to Remote Network with the Cisco Multiservice IP-toIP Gateway Featurehttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_configuration_example 09186a0080203edd.shtml

Remote to Remote Network with Two Cisco Multiservice IP-toIP Gatewayshttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_configuration_example 09186a0080203edb.shtmlPresentation_ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. GWGK Presentation CCVP

78

Presentation_ID


79

implemeitng gatekeepers and ip-to-ip gateways

Documents

zone presentation

configured zone

zone bos10

zone prefixeszone

zone lapresentation

gatekeeper foundation

zone prefix sj

zone prefix bos