importance of proper material handling, maintenance of records, sampling
TRANSCRIPT
MATERIAL HANDLING“Material handling is the art and science involving the
movement, handling and storage of materials during
different stages of manufacturing.”
“Materials handling is the movement and storage of
materials at the lowest possible cost through the use of
proper methods and equipment.”
“Materials handling is the art and science of conveying,
elevating, positioning, transporting, packaging and storing
of materials.”
OBJECTIVES Efficient and safe movement of materials to the desired place.
Timely movement of the materials when needed.
Supply of materials at the desired rate.
Continuity of production
Storing of materials utilising minimum space.
Lowest cost solution to the materials handling activities
Safety
Improved distribution system
FUNCTIONS Unloading of raw materials from transport vehicle.
Movement and positioning of purchased material for
storage.
The internal transportations.
The movement and positioning the finished or semi
finished product for stocking/sales.
PRINCIPLES Planning principle: All handling activities should be planned.
Systems principle: Plan a system integrating as many handling activitiesas possible and co-ordinating the full scope of operations (receiving,
storage, production, inspection, packing, warehousing, supply and
transportation).
Space utilization principle: Make optimum use of cubic space.
Gravity principle: Utilize gravity to move a material wherever
practicable.
Material flow principle: Plan an operation sequence and equipmentarrangement to optimise material flow.
Simplification principle: Reduce combine or eliminate unnecessary
movement and/or equipment.
Safety principle: Provide for safe handling methods and equipment.
Mechanisation principle: Use mechanical or automated materialhandling equipment.
Standardisation principle: Standardise method, types, size of
material handling equipment.
Flexibility principle: Use methods and equipment that can perform a
variety of task and applications.
Equipment selection principle: Consider all aspect of material, moveand method to be utilised.
Dead weight principle: Reduce the ratio of dead weight to pay
load in mobile equipment.
Motion principle: Equipment designed to transport material should
be kept in motion.
Maintenance principle: Plan for preventive maintenance orscheduled repair of all handling equipment.
IMPORTANCE OF MATERIAL HANDLING It helps productivity and thereby increases profitability of an industry.
Improve efficiency of a production.
Reduce damage of materials during storage and movement.
Maximise space utilization.
Reduce overall cost by improving materials handling.
Improve customer services.
Reduced physical strain on workers.
Saving time.
Greater degree of safety.
Improvement in plant layout.
NEGATIVE ASPECTS Additional capital cost involved in any materials handling system.
With an integrated materials handling system installed, failure or
stoppage in any portion of it leads to increased downtime of the
production system.
Materials handling system needs maintenance, hence any addition
to materials handling means additional maintenance facilities and
costs.
MATERIAL
HANDLING
EQUIPMENTS
RECORD MAINTENANCE
RECORD Records are the evidence of what an organization does. They
capture the business activities and transactions, correspondence,
personnel files.
Records are things that
]- Exist longer than it takes to create them, and
]- Can be preserved and revisited later.
Mainly two types
1. Physical records
2. Electronic records
Records come in many formats, including paper, e-mail, databases,web content, flash drives, desktops, and servers.
WHY RECORD MAINTANANCE
Record-keeping and documentation are important processes that
facilitates:
Continuity of care: Records provide a case history and a moreholistic picture in order to follow-up on services .Accurate and up-
to-date recording is important.
Accountability: It is important to be able to provide relevant
information at any given time.
Service improvement: Well-documented records can also lead toimproved services.
RECORD MAINTENANCE – HOW ?
The movement and location of records should be controlled to ensure
that a record can be easily retrieved at any time.
Storage accommodation for records should be clean, tidy, secure,
prevent damage to the records and provide a safe working
environment for staff.
For records in electronic format, maintenance in terms of back-up andplanned migration to new platforms should be designed and scheduled
to ensure continuing access to readable information.
All equipment used to store records should be safe, secure fromunauthorised access and meet health and safety and fire regulations
Also allow maximum accessibility of the information commensurate with
its frequency of use.
When paper records are no longer required for the conduct of current
business, their placement in a designated secondary storage area may
be a more economical and efficient way to store them.
There should be archiving policies and procedures in place for both
paper and electronic records which should take account of the need
to preserve important information and keep it confidential and secure.
Key expertise in relation to environmental hazards, assessment of risk,
business continuity and other considerations is likely to rest withinformation security staff and their advice should be sought on these
matters.
ADVANTAGES
Organising information for retrieval when needed.
Protecting records that are essential to mission-critical
business operations.
Reducing risks in government investigation.
Reducing time requirement for retrieving records.
MATERIAL SAMPLING
SAMPLING
Sampling can be defined as the method or the technique consisting of
selection for the study of the so called part or the portion or the sample,
with a view to draw conclusions or the solutions about the universe or the
population.
Sampling method can be classified as
1. Probability sampling
2. Non-probability sampling
Sampling is perhaps the most important step in assuring that good quality
of materials.
The importance that the sample be representative of the material beingdelivered.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SAMPLING
Theory of sampling is based on the following laws
LAW OF STATISTICAL REGULARITY – This law comes from themathematical theory of probability. “Law of Statistical Regularity
says that a moderately large number of the items chosen at randomfrom the large group are almost sure on the average to possess the
features of the large group.”
LAW OF INERTIA OF LARGE NUMBERS – According to this law, the
other things being equal – the larger the size of the sample; the
more accurate the results are likely to be.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SAMPLING Much cheaper.
Saves time.
Much reliable.
Very suitable for carrying out different surveys.
Scientific in nature.
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
This method of sampling, depends on the theories of the
probability.
The probability sampling method is also referred to as the
random sampling method.
Use a mechanical device for random selection.
Each unit have equal probability of being chosen
Mainly used in the cases involving significant decisions
Not giving much importance to the budget and the time.
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
True random sampling is difficult to achieve.
This method does not involve random selection.
Samples are selected on the basis their accessibility
Does not give all individuals equal chances of being selected
This method is used when:
Researcher aim to do a qualitative, pilot study.
Randomization is impossible.
Researcher have limited budget, workforce and time.
ADVANTAGES OF SAMPLING
Very accurate.
Economical in nature.
Very reliable.
High suitability ratio towards the different surveys.
Takes less time.
In cases, when the universe is very large, then the sampling
method is the only practical method for collecting the data.
DISADVANTAGES OF SAMPLING
Inadequacy of the samples.
Chances for bias.
Problems of accuracy.
Difficulty of getting the representative sample.
Untrained manpower.
Chances of committing the errors in sampling.
THANK YOU…