improving airport pavement management using an analytical ... · • military airport: emergency...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Improving Airport Pavement
Management Using An
Analytical Hierarchy Process
Decision Making Tool
Samantha Pinto, MASc, PEng
Susan Tighe, PhD, PEng
Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology
University of Waterloo
![Page 2: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline of Presentation
• Introduction
• Scope and Objectives
• Pavement Texture/Rubber Accumulation
• Analysis of Results
• Findings and Impact
• Closing Thoughts
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 2
![Page 3: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 3
![Page 4: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction
• BAT is a measurement mechanism which emulates
the braking system of an aircraft on contaminated
surfaces to provide predictive braking availability
• Determine if aircraft can safely land / take off from
contaminated runway.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 4
![Page 5: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Introduction
• APMS can incorporate various types of data to
improve pavement analysis
• Airport Pavement Management System (APMS)
considers all pavement assets
• Airport operators identify maintenance needs,
prioritize treatments
• APMS incorporates asset deterioration modeling to
justify performing treatments.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 5
![Page 6: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Introduction
• High level of service on runways means high quality
pavement surface.
• Pavement texture and contaminant removal are
crucial to ensuring safe aircraft landings/takeoffs.
• Pavement texture important for aircrafts landing in
cold climates as snow and ice decrease runway
friction and braking effectiveness.
• Rubber accumulation creates slippery conditions for
aircrafts and precludes pavement drainage,
increasing the risk of aircrafts hydroplaning.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 6
![Page 7: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Scope and Objectives
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 7
![Page 8: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Scope and Objectives
• Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a tool that
can be incorporated into an APMS to rank
alternatives and provide justification for the
recommended option.
• Case study for maintaining runway friction with
various rubber removal procedures is included to
illustrate how to apply an AHP.
• Practical aspects of incorporating an AHP in an
APMS.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 8
![Page 9: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Why is the Research Important?
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 9
![Page 10: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Pavement Texture
• Helps aircrafts safely maneuver the runway and
provides a landing aircraft with the traction required
to safely stop.
• Very important in wet and cold weather climates
when runway contaminants impact the braking
availability.
• Microtexture and macrotexture are two factors that
contribute to pavement friction.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 10
![Page 11: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Pavement Texture
• Aircrafts safely maneuver the runway and provides a
landing aircraft with the traction required to safely
stop.
• Important wet and cold weather climates where
runway surface contaminants impact the braking
availability.
• Pavement microtexture and macrotexture are two
factors that contribute to pavement friction.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 11
![Page 12: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Pavement Texture
• Surface effects the rate at which rubber accumulates
on the runway.
• Coarse surface will accumulate rubber faster.
• Increased risk to hydroplane with rubber.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 12
![Page 13: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Rubber Accumulation
• Aircraft tires are made from soft, load absorbing rubber.
• Heat and friction generated during landing causes the
rubber to polymerize, forming a hard, dense rubber that
stays on the runway.
• Typical aircraft landing deposits approximately 700 g of
rubber on the runway.
• Majority of this rubber accumulates within 300 m of the
touchdown area.
• Runway is dry, the interaction between rubber on the
runway and the tires actually leads to increased
traction.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 13
![Page 14: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Rubber Accumulation
• Runway is wet, the rubber accumulation creates a
slick surface for landing aircrafts which significantly
decreases the overall runway friction.
• Loss in friction poses a safety threat for aircrafts
landing during inclement weather conditions.
• Rubber accumulation clogs drainage channels in the
pavement macrotexture, preventing water from
draining off the runway.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 14
![Page 15: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Scope and Objectives
• Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a tool that
can be incorporated into an APMS to rank
alternatives and provide justification for the
recommended option.
• Case study for maintaining runway friction with
various rubber removal procedures is included to
illustrate how to apply an AHP.
• Practical aspects of incorporating an AHP in an
APMS.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 15
![Page 16: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Analysis of Results
• Waterblasting: Rubber removal process that entails
using a high pressure spray of water.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 16
![Page 17: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Analysis of Results
• Shotblasting: Process that uses an abrasive material
to blast rubber off runway pavement surface.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 17
![Page 18: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Analysis of Results
• Chemical Removal: Chemical compound to soften
and decompose the rubber so it can be gently
removed by a broom or vacuum.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 18
![Page 19: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Analysis of Results
• Mechanical Removal: Scraping, grinding, milling or
sandblasting to remove rubber buildup.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 19
![Page 20: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Analysis of Results
• AHP: Develop a tool to help airport operators
determine which rubber removal technique is most
appropriate for their airport.
• AHP: Variety of criteria (and the option for adding
site specific criteria) that are possible factors in the
decision making process.
• AHP: Prioritizing competing projects for funding
allocation, selecting pavement maintenance
techniques for a particular section of the network
and selecting a contractor from a group of
competitive bids to complete repair work.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 20
![Page 21: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Analysis of Results
• AHP: Airport operator assigns a weight between 0%
and 100% to each of the criteria being evaluated.
• Cost of the operation
• Effects on the pavement structure
• Availability of highly skilled operations staff
• Contracting mechanisms
• Environmental sensitivity
• Emergency landings
• Access to other runways
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 21
![Page 22: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Analysis of Results
• High criteria weight assigned to important criteria.
• Mid-volume airport: Cost of the operation and the
effects on the pavement structure are the most
important criteria for rubber removal.
• Airport has a small but highly skilled operations staff
that is quite flexible in a variety of maintenance
roles, the airport is also comfortable contracting
work out if necessary.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 22
![Page 23: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Analysis of Results
• Airport is not located in an environmentally sensitive
area, and is primarily surrounded by undeveloped
industrially zoned lots.
• Airport views accommodating an unscheduled
emergency landing as a low probability event
• No secondary runway that could accommodate an
emergency landing.
• Result: Waterblasting, Mechanical, Shotblasting and
Chemical.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 23
![Page 24: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Analysis of Results
• Midsized airport might prioritize the cost and pavement
elements over other factors.
• Low volume/remotely located airport: start-up cost of
the operation, availability of skilled workers and
availability of equipment and materials.
• Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to
reopen the runway as a very important factor.
• Selection of the preferred alternative depends on the
criteria selected and the weights assigned as well as
the corresponding score assigned to each alternative.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 24
![Page 25: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Analysis of Results
• Using AHP in an APMS is that it creates opportunity for
strategic planning. W
• Absence of APMS, airport operators are likely to make
project funding decisions that optimize the annual
capital budget.
• AHP allows for additional factors to be incorporated.
• Can be incorporated into an APMS to help identify
priorities by ranking and comparing alternatives.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 25
![Page 26: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Findings and Impact
• Airport operators can use an APMS to determine which pavement sections require maintenance treatments.
• APMS used to provide justification for project funding and prioritization.
• AHP can be used for comparing several competing alternatives by using weighted scores assigned to several factors that can be considered in the decision making process.
• Qualitative and quantitative variables incorporated in the decision making process, and the results can be presented to stakeholders as justification for selecting the preferred alternative.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 26
![Page 27: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Closing Thoughts
• After AHP focus on selecting rubber removal
techniques is to expand the scope of how AHPs can be
used to make decisions in an APMS.
• AHPs can be expanded to compare and rank
maintenance treatments for a specific project, or to
compare competing projects to determine which
project should receive funding.
• Process of developing an APMS and implementing
AHPs within the system must be iterative.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 27
![Page 28: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Closing Thoughts
• Data collection must be ongoing to ensure the
decisions made by the APMS are based on the most
recent data, standards and work practices.
• Data collection becomes accessible and adopted by
the aviation industry, it should be assessed and
incorporated into the APMS if relevant.
• Airport operators and maintenance staff must be
continually trained on how to perform data collection
and analysis to ensure consistency of results.
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 28
![Page 29: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Acknowledgements
• Partners: Norman McLeod Chair
• CPATT Partners, Faculty, Students and
Staff
• Team Eagle, Ontario Centres of
Excellence, Natural Science and
Engineering Research Council of Canada
6/4/2015 9th International Conference on Managing
Pavement Assets | May 18-21, 2015 29
![Page 30: Improving Airport Pavement Management Using An Analytical ... · • Military airport: emergency landings, rate the ability to reopen the runway as a very important factor. • Selection](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050102/5f418513bea9910ded37fcb3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Improving Airport Pavement
Management Using An
Analytical Hierarchy Process
Decision Making Tool
Samantha Pinto, MASc, PEng
Susan Tighe, PhD, PEng
Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology
University of Waterloo