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New Age Cartography and Geospatial Technology in Digital India

th39 INCA International Congress

18-20 December 2019

SOUVENIRSOUVENIR

Hosted BySurvey of India

Department of Science & Technology

Organised ByIndian National Cartographic Association

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MESSAGE

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SURVEY OF INDIASurveyor General's Office

Hathibarkala Estate, Post Box No.- 37Dehradun - 248001, (Uttarakhand). India

It is proud privilege for the Survey of India, the National Mapping Agency

(NMA) of the country under Department of Science & Technology, Govt of

India to host the 39th INCA International Congress at Dehradun from 18th to

20th December, 2019.

India has designed a vision to change and emerge as a nation which is driven

by technology. To realize its dream the country has envisaged a Vision “New

India- Digital India” plan where GIS along with other emerging Geospatial

Technologies like Remote Sensing (RS), GPS, Geospatial Intelligence,

Mapping for location based services, Mapping with UAVs/Drones etc. has major role to play. All

Professional cartographers and Geospatial community have a responsibility to focus and

contribute towards nation building.

The theme of the Congress “NEW AGE CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY

IN DIGITAL INDIA” is very apt and the eight sub themes cover most of the elements of geospatial

technologies particularly new age cartography in web services and application which visually

communicate spatial data and provide an interface for greater user engagement with map.

I am sanguine that this Congress will provide excellent opportunity to the Professional

Cartographers, Researchers and Students to present their innovative ideas and research works

on the latest developments in the field.

I convey my best wishes to the organizing team and wish the conference a grand success.

(GIRISH KUMAR, VSM)

Lt Gen

Surveyor General of India

& President, INCA

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OFFICE OF ADDITIONAL SURVEYOR GENERALSPECIALIZED ZONE

Block 6, Hathibarkala Estate,Dehra Dun - 248001 (Uttarakhand)

SURVEY OF INDIA

It is indeed a matter of great pleasure to host the 39th INCA International

Congress from 18th to 20th December, 2019 at Dehra-dun on behalf of Indian

National Cartographic Association (INCA).

The Cartography as an Art, Science and Technology is playing a great role in

the day to day life of every one. The Cartography as a medium for

visualization of Digital data has to transform itself as per the various user

needs and perception, available technologies, platforms and devices on

which it is presented. With the rapid advancement in the field of Geo-Spatial

Technologies, enormous data sets are being acquired by the use of efficient data capture devices

like High Resolution Satellites, Lidar, IFSAR, UAVs, GPSs and different other state of art digital

instruments. The new age challenges that are being faced are the handling of big data, its

visualization and to present this as the real time service to the mankind.

The main theme “New Age Cartography and Geo-Spatial Technology in Digital India” of this

Congress with eight sub-themes focusing on current state of the cartography technologies like

Web Services and applications, Web GIS, Mapping with UAVs/Drones, Mapping for location

based services etc. stand very relevant in this context.

I sincerely hope that this Congress would provide an opportunity to the Geo-Spatial community,

Professional Cartographers, Technologists, Academia and Participating organizations to discuss

and deliberate on Digital technologies, Skill sharing, Organization networking, Academic

interaction and outreach opportunities.

I wish the conference a great success.

(Naveen Tomar)

MESSAGE

Contents

1. Sub Theme 1 : Advances in Geospatial Data Generation Technologies 1

2. Sub Theme 2 : Land, Water & Forest Resources Mapping 9

3. Sub Theme 3 : Mapping for Location Based Services 33

4. Sub Theme 4 : Mapping with UAV or Drone 37

5. Sub Theme 5 : Open Source Geospatial Technologies 43

6. Sub Theme 6 : Urban Mapping & Smart Cities 49

7. Sub Theme 7 : New Age Cartography in Web Services & Applications 65

8. Posters 69

th39 INCA International Congress – 2019

Local Organising Committee

Lt Gen Girish Kumar, VSMSurveyor General of India

Sh. Naveen TomarAddl. Surveyor General

Col Rakesh SinghDirector

Sh. Mohan RamSuperintending Surveyor

Sh. R.K. MeenaDirector

Sh. S.K. SinhaDeputy Surveyor General

Sh. S.V. SinghDirector

Sh. D.N. PathakDirector

Sh. Dheeraj ShahDirector

Col S.K. SarkarDeputy Surveyor General

Sh. Pankaj MishraDeputy Surveyor General

Sh. Naveen TomarAddl. S.G., Survey of India

Chief Patron

Chairman

Organising Secretary

Treasurer

Members

Chief Editor

Sub Theme-1

Advances in Geospatial Data

Generation Technologies

VILLAGE LEVEL DIGITAL DATABASE CREATION TO ANALYSIS THE PATTERN

TREND AND CONSEQUENCES OF RIVER COURSE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY

OF RIVER BHAGIRATHI WITHIN PURBA BARDHAMAN DISTRICT

VELOCITY COMPONENT ANALYSIS USING GPS POSITIONING FOR

INDIAN TECTONIC PLATE

1 2 2 2Debasis Ghosh , Monali Banerjee , Dayamoy Mandal & Subhadip Pal1Associate Professor, Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, West Bengal

[email protected] Scholar, Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, West Bengal

[email protected]; [email protected]/ [email protected]

Abstract

The channel migration across the floodplain is very dynamic and common process of alluvial rivers. The alluvial river

like Bhagirathi has a greater tendency to shift laterally. A part of middle reaches of the Bhagirathi River flowing

alongside the eastern boundary of Purba Bardhaman district. The aims of the present study are to quantify the

lateral shifting of the Bhagirathi river reach in discrete time period (within 1794-2019) and to identify the vulnerable

areas due to the future shifting. The study has been carried out on the basis of geospatial technology and detail field

work. Future shifting prediction across the studied sections has been made by logarithmic regression method. It is

found that the river reach is of highly meandering in nature and has shifted continuously for several kilometres

mainly near the meanders by eroding land or forming point bar. This scenario has created vulnerability to the

people of river adjacent villages of the 7 eastern most C. D. blocks of Purba Barddhaman district. The logarithmic

regression confirmed that due to the channel migration from the present position up to 2030 except the villages of

Katwa-I, 20 villages of other 6 blocks will face severe river bank erosion problem.

Keywords: Channel migration, Bhagirathi River, Bankline, vulnerability, Geospatial techniques, Logarithmic

regression.

1 2Dr. S. K. Singh , Deepak Kumar1, 2 Geodetic and Research Branch, Survey of India, Dehradun – 248 001 (sk.singh.soi, deepak.soi)@gov.in

Abstract

GPS is essential in applications that require high (sub centimetre) positioning precision, such as in the velocity field

estimation of tectonic plates. GPS network positioning is a very simple and efficient method, which, as shown in this

paper, can be applied to determine the velocity field. This paper outlines the use of GPS positioning time series for

estimating the station velocity. Station coordinates and velocity vectors are inferred, and an estimation of the Indian

Plate velocity components (VX, VY and VZ) is given. The repeatability of station coordinates is better than 10mm, and

comparisons of the final solution with other sources, such as NNR-NUVEL-1A generally show good agreement. In

this study, 4-year span GPS data from 6 sites were processed by using Bernese 5.2 and using recomputed precise

International GNSS Service orbits to generate daily position time series of each station as well as the related velocity

estimates. The velocity vector of various permanent stations has been computed and it has been noticed that the

Indian Plate is moving in the North- East direction.

Keywords: GPS, local velocity field, NNR-NUVEL-1A.

Introduction

Recently generation of tectonic velocity field with number of GPS sites and longer time series is common. The

changes in time series are often due to geophysical effects such as offsets due to earthquakes, post seismic

3th39 INCA International Congress

transient behaviour after earthquakes, and more noise like phenomena such as the effects of groundwater table.

The variations in time series can also arise from offsets due to GPS antenna and receiver changes and the addition

or removal of antenna radomes. In some typical cases GPS receiver generate reasonable carrier phase

measurements but corrupt the position estimates. The present paper examines in detail the velocity fields and the

time series from which the velocities were generated. The data obtained from the six well spread permanent

stations on Indian plate maintained by Survey of India was used and results were derived against the IGS stations

spread across the adjacent plates. The GPS data has been processed using Bernese 5.2 software. While processing

the GPS data all the important files used by the Bernese 5.2 software has been taken into account. The velocity

vector of various PS has been computed.

1 2Dr. S. K. Singh , Misal Roshan Srivastava1, 2 Geodetic & Research Branch, Survey of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Email: [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

National Gravity Datum of India at Palam Airport, New Delhi, was established during early1960’s by Dr. G.P. Woollard

of University of Wisconsin. The value of this airport was then established in Potsdam system. Since then, Palam

airport New Delhi is being accepted as gravity datum in India. The gravity net of the world was later adjusted in the

International Gravity Standardization Net 1971 (IGSN71) system based on various absolute gravity bases

established in different countries. These standard gravity stations has the uncertainty of 100 Gal [1 Gal =0.01

m/s2]. Accordingly, the datum in India was also revised based on IGSN71.

In the absence of absolute gravimeter (AG), to further extend India’s gravity framework, Survey of India have

established gravity base stations by a large number of repeat observations with relative gravimeters (RG) on 56

civilian airports in India with reference to National Gravity Datum based on IGSN71. These stations serve as gravity

bases stations in different parts of the country, for further densification of gravimetric work.

As gravity, in its true sense, is an independent measureable quantity at any particular location, this

independent value is a datum in itself which is capable of establishing a Gravity Network in the region of interest. Till

date, Indian National Gravity Network is based on single IGSN71 station. Since then many technological advancement

have taken place in the field of gravimetry, measurement techniques, Geoid determination, vertical datum

determination, gravity reduction techniques, tectonic shift studies, etc. Hence, the revision of Indian Gravity Network

is the urgent need of modern times which can be achieved with the help of absolute & relative gravity measurements.

The revised gravity network will provide homogeneity of gravimetric surveys by realizing a gravity standard

through the absolute gravity values of a selected number of stations. Since the cost of Absolute Gravity observation

is way more than the Relative Gravity observation, covering whole country with high density of Absolute Gravity

primary stations is neither practical nor economical. Hence a well distributed network of about 250 absolute gravity

station will be established over the entire country as ‘Primary Gravity Stations’ keeping terrain & geology in

consideration. Primary stations will then serve as the node stations and will be used for the densification of gravity

network with the help of Relative Gravimeters by establishing secondary stations. That is after establishment of

primary gravity stations, secondary gravity station will be established using RGs. These will be connected with a

number of primary stations giving multiple values of a single secondary station. Once the secondary points gets

established, the final network will be suitably adjusted (least square adjustment) to obtain the desired National

Gravity Network of specified accuracy & homogeneity. Once the Indian Gravity Network gets established, further

gravity observations may be executed using these primary & secondary stations.

In this technical concept paper, the observation plan with various phases of field execution, detailed

methodology of establishment of primary & secondary gravity stations, detailed methodology to define gravity

REDEFINITION OF INDIAN GRAVITY NETWORK

4 th39 INCA International Congress

network & its adjustment have been discussed. Some preliminary results & network adjustment exercise have also

been discussed in length.

Keywords : Gravity, Absolute Gravity, Relative Gravity observation, National Gravity Datum, National Gravity

Network, Gravimetry, Absolute Gravity observation, Relative Gravity observation, Geoid.

Col Sunil S Fatehpur

Deputy Surveyor General,

Indian Institute of surveying and Mapping

Abstract

Survey of India, The National Survey and Mapping Organization of the country bears a special responsibility to

ensure that the country's domain is explored and mapped suitably, it also provide base maps for expeditious and

integrated development and to ensure that all resources contributed with their full measure to the progress,

prosperity and security of our country now and for generations to come. Geospatial advancements have proven

that its judicious implementation can generate tremendous value for an organization like SOI. SOI wishes to take

maximum benefits by incorporating production mapping technologies to improve the quality and efficiency in

output through standardization, repeatability, and configuration of their production processes. This new

technologies helps to create and maintain large amounts of geospatial data with desired quality and efficiency. The

Production Mapping implementation at Survey of India will be helpful in achieving the objectives like centralizing

operations were in store production-related information such as validation rules, work flows, tasks, data, and map

documents in a secure, centralized location which in turn will help in maintaining consistency across operations with

quality output and fewer resources.

Production Mapping provides work flow tools for managing production from beginning to the end. Work

flows are unique to each organization depending upon type of data and the type of product being delivered. The

Enterprise Production Mapping extension uses the GIS data and map production, by providing tools that facilitate

data creation, maintenance, and validation, as well as tools for producing high-quality cartographic products. This

technology provides tools for managing the production from beginning to the end. However, each organization has

work flows that are unique to the type of data being collected and the type of product being delivered and it is

important that these work flows should be generalized into a basic production workflow that consists of steps to

create geodatabase and capture or load an initial set of data, perform edits to the data, ensure the data is valid and

accurate, and produce digital or hard-copy output. Production Mapping is thereby designed to streamline each of

these steps while remaining flexible to adapt to the rules and work flows. This technology allows us to tie all the

components of data capture, editing, validation, and cartography together in high-level work flows.

The customised workflow will contain automate data validation which helps to produce high-quality maps

and perform accurate data analysis, for which the source database must be of high quality and well maintained.

Production Mapping provides a complete system for automating and simplifying data quality control, which can

quickly improve the integrity of the data. To meet the objective of end to end mapping the workflow is also

customised for standardized cartographic

production which is designed as per the organisations rules/parameters. This auto patterning helps to

create precise maps with dynamically updating text, tables, legends, and symbology, based on the map scale and

area of interest. For better management of workflow the tools for allocating resources and tracking the status and

progress of jobs is been developed which is configured and distributed to micro-level work flows that guide users

through defined processes. Spatial notifications can also be automatically triggered, when certain features are

changed this arrangement helps to manage the data in effective and efficient manner thereby increasing the

productivity and saving of resources.

ENTERPRISE PRODUCTION MAPPING IN SURVEY OF INDIA


SPATIAL DATA MODEL STRUCTURE FOR NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC

DATABASE

ASSESSMENT OF DEM ACCURACY GENERATED FROM STEREO

IMAGERIES: CASE STUDY OF DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND

Kaushik Dey

GIS & RS Dte, SOI, Hyderabad

[email protected]

Abstract:

Distributed GIS is the key concept of modern GIS era. Ready to serve GIS data is the need of this technology.

Interoperability, Data dissemination, Data Security are key challenges of Distribute GIS. A well structured Spatial

Database is of utmost importance for successful implementation of Distributed GIS.

Over the years Survey of India, being the national mapping agency, is producing map data to meet various

requirements of map scale and objective. It is a requirement of time to maintain these huge map data in Spatial

RDBMS to facilitate the data dissemination, standard data service and cross platform interoperability support. As

per NMP-2005 Survey of India is working on the line to create, and maintain National Topographical Database

(NTDB). So Technically NTDB will be working as the mother Database and it will be possible to derive any subset or

by-product based on the requirement of map scale and objective.

Designing Spatial Data Model Structure (SDMS) for NTDB requires planning, proper understanding of

feature classes, categories and sub categories, and relationships among various feature classes. It also involves

thorough analysis of the level of specialization and generalization. This paper is focussed on the design of SDMS for

NTDB and its salient features.

Rajendra Kumar Meena, Sweta Gupta

UK & WUP GDC, Survey of India, Dehradun

Abstract

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the utility of stereo pair imageries in generating accurate DEM which

could well co-relate with ground topography so that laborious and time consuming task of levelling on ground could

be eliminated or drastically reduced. This could turn the tasks like modelling water flow for hydrology or creating

relief maps far less cumbersome. In the process, effort was made to find out extent of change in the result of DEM

accuracy with change in number of ground control points (GCPs) provided, by first using 5 GCPs, 9 GCPs, and then 14

GCPs. Furthermore the limit of improvisation in the accuracy of DEM with the improvement in the resolution of

imagery was checked upon. For this purpose results of DEM generated from Imageries of Super View satellite were

compared with that of ZY3. The empirical method was applied on data collected through, DGPS (static) field

observations, and processing of stereo imageries using Erdas Imagine 2016 LPS module. The National Standards for

Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA) standards used to arrive at the results showed that the vertical accuracy at 95%

confidence level is 2.5m with fourteen GCPs, 4.1m with nine GCPs and 4.6m with five GCPs. Also the vertical accuracy

at 95% confidence level for Superview imageries is 2.7m and for ZY3 Triplet is 4.4m.



DEVELOPMENT OF GEOID MODEL AND COMPARATIVE EVALUATION

GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR DOUBLING INCOME OF FISH FARMER

Dr. Upendra Nath Mishra

Abstract

Geoid related heights (orthometric height) are required for engineering projects where as modern, easy, economic

and ubiquitous technology such as Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) provide height above ellipsoid

(ellipsoidal height). Thus estimation of separation between Geoid and ellipsoid surfaces (geoid undulation or geoid

height) which varies from point to point throughout the globe is needed to derive orthometric height from

ellipsoidal height. This estimation is done through modeling commonly known as geoid modeling in the parlance of

geodetic surveying. There are three methods for geoid modeling (i) Gravimetric (ii) Astrogeodetic and (iii) Geometric

and depending on the spans of the area for which the model has been developed it is termed as Global, Regional or

Local Geoid model. In this study an attempt has been made to evaluate the accuracy and economy of the methods of

geoid modeling and their comparison among themselves as well as with global models to adopt the most suitable

geoid model for a project or a region. It has been found that even 2 to 3 centimeter accurate geoid model is a distinct

possibility in Indian context. The study also give an insight into the most economical solution for contouring on large

scale topographical maps and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) without resorting to extensive costly leveling work.

Keywords: Geoid Height, Bouguer Anomaly, Height Anomaly, Polynomial Regression, Deflection of Vertical.

Ram Singh, Gopal Krishna and S.N. Ojha

ICAR-CIFE, Mumbai- 400 061

[email protected]

Abstract

The Indians National Centre or Ocean Information Service (Inco is, Hyderabad India) has been providing early

information to fisheries to detect potential fishing zones in marine fisheries. However, Inland aquaculture similar

attempts can be applied to identify potential fish production location and fish markets. Further, it is also possible to

provide information about the climatic condition to introduce climate smart aquaculture. Climate Smart

Aquaculture is directly related to smart fish farming. The component of smart fish farming that support assured

returns the fish farmers are: Remote Sensing, GIS, Artificial Intelligence and Internet.

All these application are possiblethrough GIS, GPS, and RS technology. In this paper, the authors have

explained the role of geospatial technology that may help in doubling fish farmer income e through precision fish

farming with the help of decision support systems developed by combining site selection factors for aquaculture

with market information. Digital technology in fish farming would be at village level for update information of fish

farm, fish production, fish market and fisherman details in digital format.

Keywords: Doubling Fish Farmer Income (DFFI), Geospatial Technology,

APPLICATION OF PPP IN CONTROL WORK

Upkar Pathak

Odisha Geo-Spatial Data Center

Survey of india. Nayapalli Bhubaneswar-13

Email: [email protected]

Abstract:

PPP i.e. Precise Point Positioning can be defined as a technique which provides high level of positional accuracy from

a independent receiver, by means of removal of GNSS system errors. GNSS orbit and satellite clock corrections,

generated from a network of reference stations around the world are used for deriving the solution in PPP method.

The calculated corrections are delivered to the end user via satellite or over the Internet. By using these corrections,

the user can get up to decimeter-level or better positioning without using any base station. Typically a PPP solution

requires some time to converge up to decimeter accuracy. The convergence time is required to resolve the local

biases such as the errors due to atmospheric conditions, multipath error and high GDOP. The final accuracy

achieved and the required convergence time depends upon the quality of the corrections and how they are applied

in the receiver.

This paper examines the achievable accuracy & convergence time in respect of positioning by PPP method,

and whether it can be used to cater the need of big projects by efficiently using the available resources.


Sub Theme-2

Land, Water & Forest Resources

Mapping

LAND USE CLASSIFICATION USING MODIS-DERIVED TIME SERIES DATA

AND MULTINOMIAL LOGIT MODEL FOR THE NATIONS OF SOUTH ASIAN

ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION

MAPPING OF SUNDARBANS MANGROVE FOREST WITH ALOS PALSAR

DUAL POLARIMETRIC SAR DATA USING SVM CLASSIFIER

Ram Kumar Singh

Hexagon Geospatial, Intergraph SG&I India Pvt. Ltd., Haryana

[email protected]/[email protected]

Abstract

Land use analysis is crucial for the management and planning of a nation. The present study assess the land use

pattern for the nations of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) presented by Afghanistan,

Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, the Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The assessment of land-use is a

cumbersome process for a larger area; however, in recent decades the satellite based Earth observation products

have provideda great impetus for the land use classification. Various methods have been attempted using satellite

based observations for this purpose. The present paper describes a novel method using Moderate Resolution

Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived time series data and Multinomial Logit Model (Mnlogit) for the

classification of Agriculture, Forestry and other land use (AFOLU). The AFOLU combines two previously distinct

sectors of Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) and Agriculture. Forestry and Agriculture are the two

major land use categories contributing to food security and the growth of the SAARC nations. The use ofMnlogit

technique minimizes the error of resource inventory with enhanced reliability for global resource mappingin trans-

national studies. The Mnlogit end users have an option to check the accuracy randomly. The evaluation of classifier

for the present study achieved 80 per cent accuracy with Kappa statistic (K-hat) above 72. The study demonstrates

an effective way to utilize multi-temporal remote sensing data to address the challenges of rapid and accurate

assessment of land use for a larger area.

Keywords: Agriculture, Forestry, NDVI, LULUCF, Logistic model.

1 2 3Ojasvi Saini, Ashutosh Bhardwaj, R.S. Chatterjee

Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehradun 1 2 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract

The Sundarbans mangrove forest is situated on the delta formed by three rivers namely Meghna, Ganges and

Brahmaputra in the proximity of Bay of Bengal. It is one of the largest mangrove forests of such kind in the world with

a rich ecosystem providing habitat for a wide range of threatened species such as Indian python, Bengal tiger and

estuarine crocodile. Since the mangrove forests play a key role in the process of carbon sequestration and shoreline

protection, the conservation and preservation of these forests may help in regulating climate change. Mapping of

mangrove forests is the very first and important step required for building better forest conservation and

promotion planning. This study includes the mangrove land cover extraction for Sundarbans mangrove forests

using openly accessible ALOS PALSAR (CEOS Format) dual polarimetric (HH and HV) SAR data acquired on November

11 2011. Land cover features show different back scattering responses for different polarimetric bands (HH or

HV)according to their interaction with incoming SAR waves. An RGB stack was created by assigning red color to HH,

green color to HV and blue color to HH/HV bands respectively. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was used to

classify the RGBstack for mangrove land cover extraction.

Keywords: Sundarbans Mangrove, ALOS PALSAR, SAR, Dual-Pol, SVM.



FOREST COVER CHANGE DETECTION AND ITS DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS:

APPLICATION OF GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE AND R STUDIO IN THE DRY

DECIDUOUS FOREST OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA.

QUANTIFICATION OF LAND USE LAND COVER DYNAMICS USING EARTH

OBSERVATION SATELLITE IMAGERY: A GEO-SPATIAL ANALYSIS IN

NORTH 24-PARGANAS DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL, INDIA

1Dipankar Bera,

1Research Scholar;

Department of Geography, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal2 [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

Forest cover decreasing trends and global warming have reduced an indirect forest benefit because the forest has a

great role in global as well as the regional carbon cycle. Reducing forest cover and changing into the settlement,

agriculture, urban and industrial land in every year and as a result damages of ecosystem services. In this study

emphasized on the change rate of forest cover, associated driving factors of forest cover change, predict forest

cover, and identify the condition of land (high loss or gain to stable land) in the dry deciduous forests of West Bengal,

India. Data was collected from satellite images for 2000 – 2018, using household surveys, and PRA (Participatory

Rural Appraisal) approaches. The regression model was used to the measured change rate of forest cover, identify

the condition of the land, and for prediction modelling. Household surveys and PRA method was used to identify the

driving factors of forest cover reducing. Regression model of satellite images showed that almost 20 % of forest

cover is significantly decreasing trends from 2000 to 2018 in this study area. Almost 65 % area of the study area is

between severe losses to low loss forest cover. By household surveys and PRA analysis, 82 % of households

perceived that severe forest loss to low forest loss and only 5 % of households perceived no forest loss or stable

forest cover over time. The main driving factors are illegal harvesting timber or non-timber products (domestic

usage, marketing), fuelwood collection, and shifting sericulture practice. Forest cover changing trends are different

over space, and his driving factors are changing over time and space. The result of this study could be used to

improve and manage forest land in a small area to maintain the carbon cycle as provide ecosystem services.

Keywords: Forest cover change rate, PRA approach, Regression model, Landsat, Driving factor of forest cover

change.

1 2 3Mr. Sudip Bera Dr. Nilanjana Das Chatterjee Mr. Dipankar Bera1,2&3

1 2 [email protected] [email protected] ,[email protected]

Abstract

Changing pattern of Land use and land cover are considered one of the essential components in current

approaches for maintaining natural resources and monitoring of environmental change. Digital GIS and Remote

Sensing based change detection techniques through multi-temporal satellite imagery assist in understanding land

use dynamics. Therefore, this study aims towards unveiling the existing land use/land cover distribution and Spatio-

temporal change detection. This existing study was conducted in North 24 Parganas district. This district is located

along the contiguity of Bay of Bengal (BOB) near the “Sundarbans” with 4042 sq.km geographical area. Initially, in

this study three different Landsat satellite image i.e. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) for 1990, Landsat Enhanced

Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) for 2005 and Operational Land Imager 8 (OLI-8) for 2017 have been used for

2 3Nilanjana Das Chatterjee, Sudip Bera 2 3Associate professor; Research scholar

Vidyasagar University, Midnapore


identification and quantification of land use dynamics. Land use and land cover classification have been generated

by using a Supervised Gaussian Maximum Likelihood Classifier Algorithm (SGMLCA) classification technique with

the amalgamation of ENVI, ERDASand ArcGIS software. Moreover, different biophysical indices i.e., Normalized

Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) Normalized Difference Built-Up

Index (NDBI) have used in this study for classification of land use and land cover. The result undoubtedly indicates

that the built-up area has been drastically increased (4.17% to 22.59%) among the five classes, followed by water

bodies (13.60% to 20.06%) and mangrove at the same time a noteworthy amount of vegetation area had been

extremely decreased (29.10% to 13.38%) in the same way agricultural land (52.53% to 43.23%). The overall kappa

coefficient (Khat) in this study have more than 85%. This study may helpful to plan and execute towards the conserve

the sustainable management of land resource and appropriate land Use in this study area.

Keywords : Land useland cover change, Digital change detectiontechnique, Biophysicalindices, Land use mapping,

North 24 Parganas district

Dr. Indira Samajda Gangopadhyay,

Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpore, West Bengal.

[email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

Wetlands are of immense values as a safeguard to our environment and for the maintenance of ecological balance.

Hence this calls for a comprehensive study on the degradation, conservation and management ofthese fragile

ecosystem.

The present paperis concerned with a systematic study on the degradation, pattern of utilization and

management of wetland resources for the future economic development of Haringhata Block of Nadia District,

West Bengal .The rapidly developing agricultural economy in this area along with the pressure of population has led

to conversion and encroachment of wetlands leading to its degradation which in turn has affected the

socioeconomic conditions of its stakeholders.

The primary objectives of the study is, to review the management pattern of these wetlands, to analyze the

causes of degradation of the wetlands and to suggest conservation measures towards sustainable development of

those resources with due weightage on the attitude of the users, Governmental and Non-Governmental

organizations and preparation of resource maps to delineate the land use change in the catchment areas of the

wetlands, loss of effective water areas and change detection.

The research work is based on modern methodology including G.I.S and Digital image processing

techniques as well as intensive field work, sample survey and collection of primary data.

The main findings of the research work are that the district which is the part of matured Ganga Delta is the

land of several rivers. The shifting nature of these rivers has created innumerable fresh water wetlands like ox-bow

lakes, cut-off meanders, abandoned river channels locally known as bils and khals. The welands of Haringhata block

are mainly oxbow lakes and abandoned the river channel, but the irony lies in the fact that these wetlands are

degraded and are most vulnerable resources of the district.

These wetlands play certain vital functions in maintaining economic and environmental sustainability of the

region. Soproper and planned harnessing of its resources should be undertake .

Keywords : Wetlands, bils, khals, fragile eco system, sustainable utilization.

PATTERN OF UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF WETLAND RESOURCES

A CASE STUDY OF HARINGHATA BLOCK, NADIA DISTRICT, WEST-BENGAL

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT SATELLITE BASED WATER

INDICES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF WATERBODIES

INSAR & OPTICAL DEMS FUSION

1 2 3 4Burhan ul Wafa , Syed Zubair , Shivangi Somvanshi , Rashid Faizy1&2 Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University

3 Amity School of Natural Resource and Sustainable Development4Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

Principle objective of Image Enhancement is to process an image so that the result is more suitable than original

image for specific application. Digital image enhancement techniques provide a multitude of choices for improving

the visual quality of images. This paper will provide a comparative analysis of different existing water enhancement

indices with respect to the visual interpretation and analysis of some major water bodies in Srinagar. Different water

indices used in present study are Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEI), Modified Normalised Difference Water

Index-1 (MNDWI-1), Modified Normalised Difference Water Index-2 (MNDWI-2), Normalised Difference Moisture

Index (NDMI), Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI), Water Index (WI) and Water Ratio Index (WRI). These

enhanced images were evaluated using different objective image quality measures like Mean Square Error(MSE),

Root Mean Square Error(RMSE), Entropy, Mean Absolute Deviation(MAD), Correlation Coefficient (CC), Relative

Dimensionless Global Error (ERGAS), Normalized Least Square Error (NLSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR),

Relative Average Spectral Error (RASE) and Standard Deviation (SD). These image quality measures helped in

determining the preservation of spectral and spatial integrity in the satellite images.Based on the statistical results

of the image quality measures, MNDWI-1is proposed as most efficient index followed byWRI,for enhancing the

image with respect to water bodies.

Keywords : Image enhancement, Water quality indices, Image quality parameters,Statistical analysis, Landsat 8 OLI-

TIRS.

Sweety Ahuja

Abstract

Digital elevation models are generated using different remote sensing techniques like SAR Interferometry (InSAR),

radargrametry (SAR stereo) and optical stereo. Each technique suffers from their respective limitations that has to

be abridged and reduced by DEM fusion. DEM fusion approach is adopted to improve the overall accuracy of global

DEMs. In this paper, the study is done on two types of terrain i.e. Uttarakhand and Rajasthan regions. Weighted

averaging method is used for DEM fusion where, open source DEMs, ALOS PALSAR and CartoDEM v3 R1 are taken as

Input DEMs with TanDEM-X 90 m as a reference DEM.

Two Input DEMs are fused using weight maps which are obtained from the height error maps with

calculation using raster calculator in ArcGIS software.

The fused DEM obtained is compared and quality-checked. As an output, RMSE of fused DEM is found to be

less than the RMSE of input DEMs for each Land use land cover and with substantial improvement of 66.5% in the

mean error deviation for plain terrain and 58% for Hilly terrain.As shown in the map below three classesare

highlighted of one of the study area, i.e. Rajasthan region(Barren/Scrub Land, Sandy Land and Agriculture)based on

the LULC map and IceSat elevation points falling.

Furthermore, oncomparison and assessment with IceSat altimetry data, the conclusion made is that in plain

Rajasthan region, the height variations of fused DEM and CartoDEM shows the most reliable behavior with less


range of height error. Whereas in Uttarakhand region, TanDEM-X DEM degrades due to moderate and rugged

terrain, ALOS PALSAR and Fused DEM is more confined and accurate.As an overall conclusion, theError of Fused

DEM is reduced up to the expected limit when compared to the error of Optical and InSAR DEMs taking TanDEM-X.

as a reference DEM.Henceproved the advantage of weighted averaging method,preventing low weights

from the consideration of erroneous values.

1Mannu Yadav , 1,2&3MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj;

1 2 [email protected] ;[email protected] , 9537468632. [email protected] .

ABSTRACT

Dynamics fluvial system of rivers affects the daily livelihood of people living in surrounding habitat. The river Ganga

isone of the most important source of water in northern India as it passes through five main states. It is observed

that in non-rainy season the bed of river Ganga often contains many vacant land parcels due to receding of water

during the months of November to June, which can be used for agricultural purpose due its fertile nature. The main

aim of this study is to estimate this type of vacant land parcels using modern techniques i.e. Geographic Information

Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) in Ganga river bed at Fatehpur district in Uttar Pradesh (India). To identify

different types of features i.e. water body, vegetation, sandy area and soil at different time intervals (2004, 2009,

2014 and 2019) in study area Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classified maps have been generated using Maximum

likelihood supervised classification of multi band of Landsat satellite imageries. Overall accuracy of this

classification for year 2004, 2009, 2014 and 2019 is 90.5, 91.0, 90.0 and 89.0 respectively.After classification,

percentage wise area of all the four features for different time intervals have been calculated, based on this data

total vacant area was calculated and according to availability of vacant land parcels in different zone overall

agricultural and economic development plan of the study area has been proposed.

Keywords: Land Use Land Cover; riverbed agriculture; GIS & RS.

Dr. Lila Mahato

Krishnagar Govt. College, Nadia, West Bengal

[email protected]

Abstract

Alluvial floodplain provides the most suitable site for human habitation since the inception of civilization.

Simultaneously, it is the place where fluvio- geomorphic features exhibit a distinctive and dynamic landscape.

Presence of gentle slope, meandering course, lateral erosion, channel shifting - are the typical characteristics of the

alluvial plains. In spite of being an area with fertile soil with various livelihood practices, the plains face severe

threats in terms of economic pursuits. Jaluidanga and Nasratpur area of Purbasthali I block, Purba Bardhaman

district of West Bengal are severely affected by the problem of bank erosion by the Bhagirathi-Hooghly river. The

ESTIMATING VACANT LAND PARCELS ON THE GANGA RIVERBED NEAR

FATEHPUR DISTRICT, UTTAR PRADESH USING GIS AND REMOTE

SENSING

MAPPING THE IMPACTS OF RIVER BANK EROSION

ALONG BHAGIRATHI - HOOGHLY: A STUDY OF JALUIDANGA-

NASRATPUR, PURBA BARDHAMAN, WEST BENGAL

2 3Dhaval Mehta , R. C. Vaishya ,

Civil Engineering Department,


river engulfs bighas of land, changes the course by continuous scouring. Not only the land resource but also the lives

of the people are at risk. It also poses a serious concern for the railway tracks, only a few meters away from its right

bank. The study focuses on the grave problem of bank erosion on available resources for propagating sustainable

strategies to tackle the issues.

Therefore, the main objectives of the study are:

1. to map and analyse the hydro-dynamics of the river that trigger the processes of bank erosion.

2. to measure and assess the loss of land, property and livelihood practices.

In the present study, the geoinformatics approach has been taken into consideration for mapping the floodplain

landscape. Pre field and fieldwork have been done intensively for better understanding of the grim situation. Field

measurement has been recorded meticulously. Questionnaire Survey has been done among the stakeholders.

Database has been managed (storage, edit, manipulation, and analysis) entirely with statistical software and

mapped primarily with the help of GIS software. General cartographic principles have been followed for

representing the output of the analysis.

Keywords : Fluvial landscape, Hydro-dynamics, Land resource, Bank erosion, Meandering Course.

Dr S. K. Singh, Neeraj Gurjar, Avinash Mishra, Arun Kumar

Geodetic and Research Branch, Survey of India, Dehradun

[email protected]

Abstract

‘Namami Gange Programme’, is an Integrated Conservation Mission, approved as ‘Flagship Programme’ by the

Union Government in June 2014 to accomplish the twin objectives of i) effective abatement of pollution; ii)

conservation and rejuvenation of National River Ganga.

The key achievements under Namami Gange programme includes, River front Development, creation of

sewerage treatment capacity, River surface cleaning, Bio-diversity conservation, industrial affluent monitoring,

Afforestation and Public awareness programs.

Keeping in view above said objectives, Survey of India (SoI) has been entrusted to create GIS Ready datasets

including High resolution DEM, which would aid major support to Ganga River basin Management. Area for

proposed work includes entire corridor along river Ganga and its tributaries with a 10 Km buffer on each bank.

Deliverables of mapping would be Digital Elevation Model/ Digital Terrain Model (The bare earth model has

vertical accuracy better than 50 cm), contour of 1.0 m, ortho-photos (25 cm Ground sampling distance or better), GIS

ready dataset, outlet/vent of sewerage and other discharge from all dwelling units, industrial, commercial and all

type of other institutions mapping from the sources outlet to the public drainage network, the entire public network

integrated with the present project mapping, crematoria, ghats, solid waste disposal sites, STP/ETP/CETP etc for

defined project area of interest. Final Data will also be hosted on SoI Secure Portal and will be made accessible as

service through simple customized applications for NMCG.

NMCG project involves preparation of High resolution DEM (0.5m accuracy) for 10 km limit from the banks of

the river including GIS Ready Database and integration of GIS dataset with available datasets of Public drainage

network along river Ganga. Mapping of main stream of river Ganga in five major states namely Uttarakhand, Uttar

Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar and West Bengal has been proposed along major towns and cities in the river Ganga and

its tributaries in these states with an area of about 43,084 square km.

GENERATION OF HIGH RESOLUTION DEM AND GIS READY DATABASE FOR

PART OF RIVER GANGAFOR NATIONAL MISSION FOR CLEAN GANGA


Major components involving field data acquisition of the project are –

� Fresh Data acquisition using suitable sensors on Airborne Platform, of Ganga Basin Area.

� Development of Geoid Model for area under NMCG, to transform elevation data acquired through Airborne

sensor to MSL heights.

� Extraction of features as per NMCG data model out of Ortho-Rectified Image (ORI) and point cloud; and

preparation of GIS ready Database

� Integration of GIS database with available Public Drainage Network datasets.

� Ground data validation and Data collection of points of Sewerage/other discharge from all Dwelling units,

Commercial, Industrial etc. as per deliverables

� Data/Service Delivery Mechanism with Applications Development for use of Final Geo-spatial data for NMCG.

� Training of officers and Staff from both Survey of India and NMCG/MoWR in Geospatial database creation,

management, maintenance, application development, OGC compliant service creation & delivery

After completion of the project the main deliverables from these data will be:

a. DEM (vertical accuracy better than 50 cm), contour of 1.0 m for the project area of Ganga basin

b. Orthophotos (25 cm GSD or better) for the project area of Ganga basin

c. GIS Ready Dataset including for the Project area of Ganga Basin as per feature based Data Model of SoI

d. Outlet/vent of sewerage and other discharges from all dwelling units, industrial, commercial and all types of

other institutions will be mapped, from the source outlet to the public drainage network.

e. The entire public drainage network in the project area will be integrated with the present project mapping.

f. Final Data will also be hosted on SoI Secure Portal and will be made accessible as service through simple

customized applications for NMCG.

g. Capacity Building: Training of staff and Officer’s of NMCG and SoI.

This project has been entrusted to the Geodetic & Research Branch of the Survey of India for its implementation and

completion.

Sky Map Global India Private Limited

Abstract

Agriculture in India is very dynamic and depends on various factors. The important factors like climate and

economic factors such as rainfall, temperature, irrigation, soil, seeds, pesticide and fertilizers. Information on area,

yield and production are very important in planning supply chain decision.

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is the primary source of sugar in India and has a prominent cash crop

status.Sugarcane acreageestimationduring pre-monsoon and post-monsoon is essential for decision makers and

industries to plan crushing schedule. Remote Sensing in combination with GIS and Machine Learning (ML) is anadvance

and reliable technology to map crops at local and regional scale with high accuracy. Machine learning, a branch of

artificial intelligence (AI), provides an efficacious approach to construct a model for regression and classification of the

multivariate and non-linear system. Without being explicitly programmed, the machine learning model learns from

SUGARCANE ACREAGE AND POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT OF REMOTE

SENSING BASED VEGETATION INDICES TO PREDICT SUGARCANE YIELD

IN NINE DISTRICTS OF MAHARASHTRA



training data i.e. past experience. Machine learning, when applied to the remotely sensed data, has the potential to

evolve real-time farm specific management system to reinforce farmers and industries to take the right decision.

In this paper, remote sensing and machine learning approaches were used for sugarcane crop classification

and yield prediction. Many remote sensing based vegetation indices have been used for sugarcane acreage

estimation, biomass estimation and yield prediction. The indices that are assessed i.e. Two band based Enhanced

Vegetation Index (EVI2), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation

Index (GNDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) to correlate it with six-year (2013-18) historical yield data to find

out best fitting model for yield prediction. Six-yearhistorical yield dataof nine districts of Maharashtra namely

Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, Jalna, Beed, Nanded, Osmanabad, Latur, Parbhani and Solapur have been imported

from the Skymap’s partner organisation to formulate the model. Separate average yield was considered for Ratoon,

Adsali ( July-August), pre-seasonal (Autumn) and suru (spring season) to analyse pre-monsoon (Adsali and Suru) and

post-monsoon (all three planting season) sugarcane acreage separately. Indices that were observed to be effective

on sugarcane acreage estimation and prediction were compared (R square value) to assess the best suitable indices

to predict yield in peninsular region of India. A mobile application developed by Skymap called “AgriTrekk” was used

for ground truthing, survey monitoring and verification. The advantage of this android based app is on real time

monitoring of survey, viewing of crop photographs and managing the survey progress as per project requirement.

ML based acreage was verified using the 170 ground truth points across the nine districts of Maharashtra and

observed 93% accurate. The EVI2 had the highest correlation R square 0.77 and therefore yield was predicted for

2019-20 season based on the linear regression model developed using EVI2 and six years’ historical yield data.

Keywords: Agriculture, Sugarcane, Remote Sensing, Machine learning, EVI2, NDVI, GNDVI, SAVI, Linear Regression,

AgriTrekk Android App.

1Dr. Indira Samajdar Gangopadhyay,

Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpore, West Bengal. 2Sarojini Naidu College for women, Kolkata

1 1 2 [email protected] ; [email protected] ;[email protected]

Abstract

Wetlands are of immense values as a safeguard to our environment and for the maintenance of ecological balance.

Hence this calls for a comprehensive study on the degradation, conservation and management of these fragile

ecosystems.

The present paper is concerned with a systematic study on the degradation, pattern of utilization and

management of wetland resources and preparation of maps using modern mapping methods which ,for the future

economic development. of Haringhata Block of Nadia District, West Bengal, which is situated within the lower

Ganga delta plains of India.. These wetlands play an important role in the ecological and economic security of the

region. The rapidly developing agricultural economy in this area along with the pressure of population has led to

conversion and encroachment of wetland leading to its degradation which in turn has affected the socioeconomic

conditions of its stakeholders.

The primary objectives of the study is, to review the management pattern of these wetlands including their

developmental potentiality ,to analyze the causes of degradation of the wetlands and to suggest conservation

measures towards sustainable development of those resources with due weightage on the attitude of the users,

Governmental and Non-Governmental organizations and preparation of resource maps to delineate the land use

change in the catchment areas of the wetlands, loss of effective water areas and change detection.

DEGRADATION AND MANAGEMENT OF WETLAND RESOURCES –A CASE

STUDY OF HARINGHATA BLOCK, NADIA DISTRICT, WEST-BENGAL

2Dr. Shatarupa Dey Neogi,


The research work is based on modern methodology including G.I.S and Digital image processing

techniques as well as intensive field work, sample survey and collection of primary data.

The main findings of the research work are that district is under fluvial processes where certain intrinsic

attributes of wetlands are of immense local, regional and global value. Nadia district which is the part of matured

Ganga Delta is the land of several rivers like the river Bhagirathi, the Jalangi, the Churni, the Mathabhanga, the

Icchamati and the Bhairab. The shifting nature of these rivers mainly by avulsions along with the meandering

courses has created innumerable fresh water wetlands like ox-bow lakes, cut-off meanders, abandoned river

channels locally known as bils and khals. The welands of Haringhata block are mainly oxbow lakes and abandoned

the river channel, but the irony lies in the fact that these wetlands are degraded and are most vulnerable resources

of the district due to biotic pressure and human interference.

These wetlands are the most resourceful ecosystems of the study area with multiple utilities in terms of

ecology, economy and sociology. They play certain vital functions in maintaining economic and environmental

sustainability of the region. So proper and planned harnessing of its resources and full implication of wetland values

and losses should be undertaken in perspective of attempt for its sustainable utilization.

Keywords : Wetlands, bils, khals, fragile ecosystem, sustainable utilization

1 2 3Dr. S. K. Singh , Sh. Veerendra Dutt , Mrs. Swarnima Bajpai1,2,3Geodetic & Research Branch, Survey of India, Dehradun

Abstract

Land subsidence is the sinking of the Earth's surface due to movement of subsurface materials. Land Subsidence

may be sudden process if associated with the natural causes, such as tectonic motion or gradual sinking of earth’s

surface if associated with man-induced causes, such as the heavy withdrawal of ground water. Rate of subsidence

may vary from few millimetres as observed in Turkey upto few metres as in case of Mexico, California and Arizona

(Sahu&Sikdar, 2011). Subsidence occurs in many parts of the India, particularly in densely populated regions

In 2016, when Geodetic & Research Branch of Survey of India carried out High Precision Levelling (HPL) in

Mohali and Chandigarh area. During field observations in the above area, check levelling was performed to check

the stability of permanent bench mark type B, Survey of India (SOI), Chandigarh. Results of check leveling when

compared to the results obtained during 2007-08, was not found within the permissible limit (permissible limit =

0.003√K where K = Average distance between considered BMs in Kms). In view of the above, during 2016-17, GNSS

observations were carried out on twelve old existing GCPs (observed in 2007-08), eight close to Chandigarh-Mohali

area and four away (about 100km) from the area considered as stable. The GNSS data was processed using

broadcast as well as precise ephemeris and adjusted geodetic coordinates were derived. After analysing the results

obtained, a considerable Ellipsoidal height difference of about 1.38 m at Ambala station and 0.23 m at Chandigarh

station has been noticed, which indicates the magnitude of land subsidence in the study area.

In order to monitor subsidence in Chandigarh and surroundings area where considerable subsidence was noticed during GPS observation, it has been decided to re-observe this area by different field geodetic technique like High Precision Levelling (HPL) to validate the results of GPS observations. Since, High precision levelling is a slow and labour-intensive technique and it covers comparatively small area in large amount of time, Therefore, HP Levelling was done for small stretch of about 120 km along a levelling line. during 2017-18, approximately 120 km of HP Levelling (HPL) has been carried out from Kharar to Nahan. From the analysis of results, it has been found out that whole stretch from Kharar to Naraingarh lies in the unstable zone. Since, it is essential to locate the bench mark in the stable zone to calculate the exact value of subsidence of any area. Hence, check levelling continued to extend along the leveling line (Chandigarh to Naraingarh) upto Type B, Nahan where check levelling was found within the permissible limits. Hence,

LAND SUBSIDENCE MONITORING USING GNSS OBSERVATION & HIGH

PRECISION LEVELLING: A CASE STUDY

Type B, Nahan has been considered a stable point with respect to which heights of other points have been calculated.

After getting the stable point from the results of check levelling, Fore and back levelling from Type B, Nahan to Type B, Kharar has been carried out which connects 6 permanent BMs i.e. Type B, Naraingarh, Type B, Raipur Rani, Type B, Ramgarh, Type B, Panchkula, Type B, Chandigarh & Type P Chandigarh and ordinary BMs have also been connected after being constructed at 1-2 kms. Gravity observations have also been conducted on these BMs and orthometric Heights of these BMs jave computed then compared these heights with that of 2007-08. Subsidences in these levelling points have been calculated. From the results, Subsidence of 0.281 m and 0.50 m have been found at BMs in Chandigarh & Kharar respectively.

Since in this analysis, only one point was common i.e. Chandigarh but both surface plots prepared from the data of GNSS and HP Levelling are showing same pattern of subsidence in the Chandigarh and its surrounding area. Periodic geodetic observations like HP levelling, GNSS observations and also Gravity observations need to be carried out to monitor the exact trends of land subsidence in the area in future.

This methodology can also be used successfully for detection, mapping and monitoring of subsiding areas where the causes of subsidence are complex, spatially varied and temporally irregular. This will facilitate efficient planning and designing of surface infrastructures and other developmental structures in such areas.

Keywords :Subsidence, HPL, BM, Check Levelling, Permissible Limits, GNSS, Ellipsoidal Height, Orthometric Height, GCP.

1 2Dr. Dhanjit Deka & Binod Kumar Nath 1 2B. Borooah College, Guwahati, Assam Survey and Settlement Training Centre, Lakhra, Guwahati

[email protected]

Abstract

Soil erosion is one of the most important land degradation problems through the water and critical environmental

hazard in the modern time at worldwide. The Lower Digaru watershed of Assam covering an area of 212.12 Km2 has

been exposed to erosion due to agricultural and industrial activities, intense monsoon rainfall for several months

per year, deforestation and gradually increasing of unscientific land management activities. Sheet erosion and River

bank erosion contribute substantially to the soil loss as well as sedimentation problem resulting in productivity

decline of agricultural land and other environmental problems in the study area. It is of utmost need at present for

assessment and mapping of soil erosion prone area for management of the said watershed. The RUSLE is most

commonly empirical model used to calculating the average annual soil loss of any watershed. Again, it become easy

to prioritize the sub watershed based on the soil loss estimation for proper planning and management. The present

study involves the use of Remote Sensing data integrated with Geographical Information System (GIS) technique

and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model for assessing the annual average soil loss of Lower

Digaru watershed for 2009 and 2018. The spatial analysis of the annual soil erosion rate was obtained through the

integrating of good environmental variables in a GIS based raster method. Different criteria’s like R, K, LS, C and P

factors were computed to assess their effect on average annual soil loss. It has been estimated that the average soil

loss in lower Digaru watershed in 2009 was 178931.6 tons and 102711 tons in 2018. Further, prioritization of the sub

watersheds have been done based on average soil loss where low, moderate and high category of risk has been

estimated.

Keywords: Soil Erosion, Land Degradation, RUSLE, GIS and Lower Digaru Watershed. Sub watershed prioritization.

SUB-WATERSHED PRIORITIZATION BASED ON SOIL LOSS ESTIMATION

USING THE RUSEL MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF LOWER DIGARU

WATERSHED, ASSAM



INVESTIGATING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DROUGHT AND ENSO IN

BUNDELKHAND REGION OF INDIA

COASTAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PURI TOWN: A REMOTE

SENSING AND GIS BASED APPROACH AFTER CYCLONE FANI

1 1Shivani Pathak , Dr. Neeti1TERI SAS, New Delhi,

[email protected]

Abstract

Drought is a natural disaster which has a slow onset and can cause land degradation, water scarcity, loss of crop

production, etc. For drought monitoring remote sensing based indices plays vital role in drought monitoring and

gives accurate result and it is also able to cover large spatial extent. Several studies in past has been done in different

countries which shows that ENSO and meteorological drought are closely related. So, this study aims to estimate the

meteorological drought its frequency, agricultural drought, time lag between meteorological drought and

agricultural drought. Meteorological drought was estimated by SPI, agricultural drought was estimated by

calculating VCI, TCI and VHI. Generally SPI-3 has highest correlation with SPI but in this study it was found that for

Bundelkhand region SPI-6 shows high correlation between SPI and VHI which explains the relationship between the

meteorological and agricultural drought in the study area. Multivariate ENSO Index was used for ENSO variables for

finding the relationship between El Nino and meteorological drought in the study area. It was found that partial

correlation between MEI values and SPI shows the relationship where the high values shows positive correlation

and low values shows negative correlation. In Nov-Dec MEI and SPI the areas with low values shows negative

correlation which means if the MEI value increases (El Nino) the SPI value will decrease (drought) and the areas with

negative correlation were all the districts which are drought prone such as Banda, Jhansi, Hamirpur, Datia, etc.

Keywords : Drought, Agricultural drought, Meteorological drought, Bundelkhand drought, VCI, TCI, VHI, SPI

1 2 3Dr. Debdip Bhattacharjee ;Nabendu Sekhar Kar ; Raja Ghosh1 2East Calcutta Girls’ College, Kolkata , Shahid Matangini Hazra Government College for Women, Purba Medinipur

3Khudiram Bose Central College, Kolkata1 2 [email protected] ;[email protected] ;[email protected]

Abstract

Cyclones are fundamental driver of tremendous harm in eastern piece of Odisha, which is arranged close to the Bay

of Bengal. Some of the major storms/cyclones hit Odisha in most recent past are Super cyclone in 1999, Phailin in

2013, Hudhud in 2014, Titli in 2018 and recently Fani in 2019. As indicated by India Meteorological Department (IMD)

the extremely severe cyclonic Storm Fani made landfall on the Odisha Coast on May 3rd of 2019 at 8 a.m.; the breeze

speed was 200 kph (124 mph). It was one of the known grounded cyclones in most recent multi year. A Low weight

territory was shaped over East central Indian Ocean (EIO) and abutting southeast of Bay of Bengal (BoB) on April

25th of 2019 and increased into a severe cyclonic storm over southeast and connecting southwest Bay of Bengal.

The aims of this paper are two folds i.e. First to prepare a Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) map and second to

integrate the same with the after effects of cyclone Fani in Puri town. Entire work was carried out through

application of Remote Sensing followed by GIS analysis along with field investigation. The result shows severe

conditions and future susceptibilities of Puri town.

Kewords: Coastal vulnerability, Fani, Super cyclone, Remote Sensing – GIS.


1 2 Soumen Ghosh , Biswaranjan Mistri1& 2

1 2 [email protected] ;[email protected]

Abstract

Shoreline is one of the most dynamic linear features on the earth surface. The study aims to assess the various

aspects of shoreline changes and try to identify the degree of vulnerability of coastal zone influenced by erosion and

accretion processes of estuarine rivers. The shorelines were extracted from different multi temporal satellite

images (Landsat MSS 1972, Landsat TM 1997, Landsat 8 OLI, 2017) and applied modern techniques along with

statistical measures to identify the intensity of vulnerability of river bank erosion. Apart from that, intensive field

verification was done to investigate the nature and extent of river bank erosion in various vulnerable sites of the

delta. The average shoreline change rate was measured by End Point Rate (EPR) that shows 13.98 and 14.59

meter/decade for 1972-1997 and 1997-2017 respectively. The average Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) from the

year 1972 to 2017 is 32.39 meter/decade. Net Areal Change (NAC) was delineated through erosion and accretion

mapping for the time period of 1972-2017. The total Area under Erosion (AE) was calculated through the

superimposition of vector layers digitized from multi-temporal satellite images. Thereafter, the Gram Panchayat

wise intensity of vulnerability was assessed by using the above mentioned four parameters through statistical

method of Composite Score (CS). The study reveals that most of the southern part of the delta including Kumirmari

Island in the east is more vulnerable due to erosional activities of tidal rivers and creeks whereas northern part is

less vulnerable and most stable due to depositional activities of rivers. This study is quite helpful for strategic

planning of sustainable coastal zone management in Gosaba Island.

Keywords: End Point Rate, Net Shoreline Movement, Net Areal Change, Erosion and Accretion, Vulnerability

assessment.

Rekib Ahmed

Gauhati University, Assam

[email protected]

Abstract

Roads and railways are perhaps the most widespread and pervasive form of linear infrastructures that have greatly

impacted on forested habitats through habitat fragmentation and habitat loss. In the light of the distress around the

transportation infrastructures, monitoring forest cover dynamics is an indispensable tool for sustainable

management of natural resources. This research assesses forest cover change and fragmentation within 10km

buffer of Habaipur-Diphu railway stretch in Assam, India. The railway stretch dissected two important wildlife

habitats, including Dhansiri-Lungding elephant reserved forest and Marat Longri wildlife sanctuary. The study uses

the forest canopy density (FCD) model with Landsat TM and Landsat OLI images of pre- and post gauge conversion

periods (1988-2018) of the railway tracks. The FCD model comprises bio-physical phenomenon modelling and

analysis utilizing data derived from Advanced Vegetation Index (AVI), Bare Soil Index (BI), Shadow Index or Scaled

Shadow Index (SI, SSI) and Thermal Index (TI). The FCD mapping and fragmentation metrics indicate the degree of

forest degradation in terms of forest gaps or canopy openings and the patch sizes. These are the most useful

parameters to consider in the implementation of afforestation and reforestation programme in the given area.

Key words: forest canopy density, forest fragmentation, gauge conversion

VULNERABILITY MAPPING OF RIVER BANK EROSION IN COASTAL ZONE

OF GOSABA ISLAND, INDIAN SUNDARBAN

CROWN DENSITY AROUND A WIDENED TRACK: TEMPORAL

ASSESSMENT OF FOREST COVER CHANGE AND FRAGMENTATION

AROUND HABAIPUR-DIPHU RAILWAY STRETCH IN ASSAM, INDIA

The University of Burdwan


ESTIMATION OF WATER SPREAD AREA USING OPENLY ACCESSIBLE

EARTH OBSERVATION DATA - A CASE STUDY OF RAMGARH LAKE, JAIPUR

SPECTRAL BASED MULTI COLUMN DESTRIPING IN HYPERSPECTRAL DATA

Ashutosh Bhardwaj, Ojasvi Saini,Kshama Gupta, R.S. Chatterjee

Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehradun

[email protected], [email protected],[email protected]@iirs.gov.in

Abstract

Water bodies are an intrinsic part of landscape and ecosystem, whichare perpetually under increased stress due to

developmental activities in their catchment areas.In this study, 42 temporal datasets of Google Earth platform

covering a time span of over three decades (1984-2019) were analysed through visual interpretation and Heads-up

digitization, to map the maximum water spread area of the manmade Ramgarh Lake, Jaipur. The openly accessible

microwave datasets of Sentinel-1Awereanalyzed by applying thresholding method to the generated sigma nought

image for assessing the maximum inundation area of Ramgarhlake during monsoon in year 2019, wherein heavy

rainfall was reported during 14th August to 16th August 2019. The study shows that SAR datasets during monsoon

and peak rainfall period can be effectively utilized for identification of inundation area. The delineated boundary

using Google Earth platform was assessed using orthoimage generated from Cartosat-1 stereo data. It was

estimated in the study using the temporal datasets, that the maximum water spread area is about 2.78 km2.The

insight obtained can be utilized to define safe and unsafe zones in the development plan to protect natural drainage,

upcoming settlements in upstream as well as downstream and water resources in the area.

Keywords: Water-spread area estimation, Thresholding, Sentinel-1A, Heads-up digitization, Cartosat-1

1 2VikashTyagi, Sushma Leela T, Suresh Kumar P, Chandrakanth R

Advanced Data Processing Research Institute (ADRIN), Secunderabad1 [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract

Most of the remote sensing images suffer from bad pixel lines or residual stripes even after Non Uniformity

Correction. Residual stripes may be due to response of bad/degraded detector, non-linear or random behavior of

CCDs or temporal variations. These stripes may prevent image analyst from using the data for various application

like End-member extraction, SR (Spectral Reflectance)generation, Spectral Signature extraction, classification etc...

Even sometimes the visual interpretation also becomes difficult, if the width of bad pixel lines is continuous and

wider. Hence the correction of stripes and bad columns is an essential preprocessing step to achieve accurate

results for classification and spectral signature based applications. There are many algorithms available in spatial

domain like interpolation, in-painting, filtering etc. But the spatial domain methods can correct up to limited pixel

lines effectively, beyond that there may be visual and spectral disturbances. For Hyperspectral Data there is an

advantage of having Spectral dimension. With spectral domain method like spectral distance approach, results can

be noisy due to multiple pixels may have same spectral distance. In this paper we proposed a method based on

spectral moment matching. The proposed method will use advantages of both spatial domain and spectral domain.

Due to CCD effects location of bad pixel lines or stripes can be different in different bands. In this method, statistics

were calculated for every column of each band, then spectrally correlated bands are found and thereafter expected

mean and standard deviation estimated for the current column. The pixel values for the bad pixel lines and stripes

are interpolated from other bands based on expected mean and standard deviation. Also the neighboring good

pixels with respect to other bands are considered for obtaining better seamlessness for visual interpretation where

continuous columns were bad. In order to avoid disturbance to the normal detector columns, initial estimation of

striping is done automatically and correction will be applied only on columns that are effected by striping. The

proposed method was applied on Hyperion data and results are presented in the paper.

IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTO-PATTERNING METHOD IN SOI

AN INSIGHT INTO COMPUTER – TO – PLATE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

TEMPORAL VARIATION OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE (LST) IN

KANCHENJUNGA NATIONAL PARK AND BIOSPHERE RESERVE (KNP& BR)

USING SATELLITE DATA

Bijal N. Tevar,

GIS & RS Directorate, Survey of India,Uppal, Hyderabad.

Abstract

In the modern map making, the importance of cartography is crucial. Over the years SOI has used the manual

method of map making and symbolization. The symbolic representation of various features captured by the SOI was

a tedious job. It takes considerable amount of time and manpower to complete the task in the CAD environment in

the present scenario. In this method Digital Topographical Data Base (DTDB) data is patterned (symbolized)using

CAD S/W like Microstation which consumes more time over editing the patterned data. The purpose of this study is

to demonstrate the efficiency of Auto-patterning method in Arc GIS environment for map making which is recently

under progress in SOI. The method can be efficiently implemented in symbolizing map data on various scales. This

automated method will minimize the human errors which arise due to repeated manual editing and inconsistency

in symbolizing features.This will provide a Ready-to-Publish map data as and when feature database is created in

GIS and hence requirement of creating separate Digital Cartographic Database is also eliminated, which was the

case with previous patterning method in CAD environment.

Bindu Manghat¹, Equerar Ahmad², and Sanjay Srivastava³1,2 & 3 Western Printing Group, Survey of India, Delhi

Abstract

Computer – to – Plate(CTP) imaging technology is the latest imaging technique in Plate making for Offset printing.

Offset printing is the method used for large quantity printing in short interval of time. All digital images are to be

ultimately transferred to printing plates which in turn transfer the image to the medium(e.g.Paper) during printing.

Earlier the digital images were transferred to printing plates through film positives as an intermediate medium

through Computer to Film(CTF) technology. CTP technology completely eliminates the use of film to transfer the

image to the plate. CTP involves two components – the plate and the plate setter, as well as the computer hardware

and software to run the system. The plate setter receives the image from the computer and imparts it onto the plate.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into CTP imaging technologies in order to raise awareness of its

potential to reduce chemical use and the generation of wastewater. This also focuses on the potential benefits when

compared to traditional CTF imaging technology. CTP has several advantages as well as a few disadvantages too.

Nemai Sahani

Independent Researcher, West Bengal

[email protected]

Abstract

Worldwide rising temperature is a burning issue and major environmental threats which contributes climate

change in both global and regional scale. The aim of this research is to estimate and analyze spatial as well as

temporal variation of land surface temperature (LST) in Kanchenjunga National Park and Biosphere Reserve (KNP &


BR). KNP & BR located in the Sikkim Himalaya and also a part of Indo-Burma global biodiversity hotspot. This study

area characterized by diversified geomorphic, soil and land cover characteristics which determines the LST. With the

advent and development of geospatial technology, now a days it is possible to calculate LST directly from satellite

imagery using specific algorithm. To fulfill research objective multi temporal Landsat satellite image of different

seasons has been used and processed in image processing software using remote sensing algorithm. The result

indicate that there exists temporal as well as seasonal change of LST in the study area. The land use and land cover

has dominant control over LST and it is observed that the places having high LST found over open and barren land

whereas low in case of vegetation cover and glacial region.

Keywords: Kanchenjunga National Park & Biosphere Reserve, Land surface emissivity, NDVI, Land surface

Temperature.

1 1 2Richa , Rushali Attri & Minakshi Kumar1 2Banasthali Vidyapith , Indian Institute of Remote Sensing

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

Roads and buildings are one of the most important features which can be extracted from high resolution Remote

Sensing Images and which are the basis for Urban mapping and Smart Cities. Different algorithms have been used

to achieve this goal which include supervised, unsupervised, semi-automatic and now fully automatic with various

Convolution Neural networks (CNN) algorithms with special emphasis on Open source Geospatial Technologies.

Usage of this algorithms of advanced Geospatial data generation Technologies is based on the type and amount of

data available for processing. In this paper, a comparative study is done for road and building extraction using

different algorithms on various types of data which include sample images, high resolution satellite images and very

high resolution UAV images.

This paper attempts to study different features of roads and building as well as their models to apply

extraction methods using region based segmentation, edge detection, active contours, Region Adjacency Graph

(RAG)merging and dynamic programming. Spatial, spectral and textural descriptors of these features were studied

and then this information was used to enhance the algorithms and the advantages and disadvantages of these

algorithms were identified. The algorithms were compared among themselves as well as with different data sets,

sample images and from different satellites.

In was quite evident that using multiple algorithms together with their best applicable portion would be

highly beneficial as well as different quality of image requires different approach to process them. The future of

Image Segmentation and feature extraction though lies somewhere in automated algorithms like CNN that could be

easily concluded from this study.

Keywords :Image Segmentation, feature extraction, Convolution Neural networks.

1 2Vikash Tyagi, SushmaLeela T, Suresh Kumar P, Chandrakanth R

Advanced Data Processing Institute (ADRIN), Secunderabad.1 [email protected] , [email protected]

Image Fusion is the process of “combination of pertinent (or salient) information in order to synthesize an image

more informative and more suitable for visual perception or computer processing”. Whereas, PAN sharpening is

merging spatial details of high resolution panchromatic image with spectral details of low resolution multi spectral

STRUCTURAL FEATURE EXTRACTION FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGES

USING IMAGE SEGMENTATION

IMAGE FUSION WITH MULTI RESOLUTION SUBTRACTION


image. There are many methods available for image fusion like IHS, wavelets based atrous, Brovey, Multi-Resolution

Pyramid etc. But there are some limitations with these methods. IHS cannot be applied effectively if multi spectral

image has more than 3 bands. Enhanced Brovey gives good spatial details, but less spectral information. With Multi-

Resolution Pyramid Method, the co-registration accuracy requirements are very stringent up to a sub pixel level, or

else improvement in the sharpness will not be effective. To overcome these limitations, in this paper a new

methodology was proposed, Multi-Resolution subtraction fusion, which provide us spatial details as well as preserv

in gspectral similarity with respect to input image. In this method, LPF and HPF are used to get details at different

resolution levels. The low frequency contents are subtracted from PAN image, scaling it with normalization factors

and adding to the low resolution image of MX as background. Noise and other information from the images can be

tuned with normalization factors. This approach is scalable, doesn’t limit any number of bands in multi spectral

image. In order to merge any panchromatic or SAR image with any other multi spectral image, normalization factors

were introduced at different levels. Depending upon the end use application, contribution of panchromatic or multi

spectral can be tuned with single weight parameter. This image fusion was successfully applied for optical (PAN-MX)

fusion and SAR (SAR-MX) fusion. The results were analyzed with standard metrics like Root Mean Square Error, Mean

Bias, ERGAS. The quality parameters and visual inspection confirms that this method performed better over other

pansharpening methods. The outputs with estimated quality metrics were presented in the paper.

1 2Sucheta Mukherjee & V.C. Jha1 2Sripat Singh College, University of Kalyani, Murshidabad, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan, Birbhum

1 [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract

Shifting agriculture is the most primitive form of subsistence agricultural practice. It is still carried out in parts of the

world by some population groups. It is a part of their traditional practices for growing food crops . In the Kaliani

river basin, Assam, India populated by the Karbi tribe, this agricultural type is an integral part of their lifestyle.

Practiced by them in this part of North Eastern India .This region , regarded as one of the richest biodiversity zone is

also most sensitive in terms of regional climate change impact.

This type of agricultural practice endangers flora and fauna of the region and is a silent threat to land cover

land use change ,stripping the region of vegetal cover and accelerating soil loss. Soil loss is the most crucial factor

responsible for land degradation and desertification which are both silent disasters that operate over a long period

of time ,are introduced by anthropogenic causes and yet finally controlled and taken forward by natural agents like

wind and water in tropical regions. Land degradation not only reduces the total virgin forested area but brings in a

host of natural disasters like reduction in soil fertility due to removal of top soil, landslides on the sloping hilly

regions, increasing drainage channel load due to deposition of washed down top soil, floods, disruption of the

natural food web due to breakdown of ecosystems ,loss of natural species of both flora and fauna leading to climate

change on a regional level.

This paper is an attempt to study the change in Land Use Land Cover (LULC) due to traditional shifting

agriculture, map using geospatial techniques and assess the future impact in terms of spatial extent for effective

disaster management of the hill slopes.

Keywords : subsistence, desertification, degradation, anthropogenic, disaster.

SHIFTING AGRICULTURE & LAND USE LAND COVER CHANGE : A CASE

STUDY OF KALIANI RIVER BASIN, ASSAM, INDIA



AN ANALYSIS AND MAPPING OF LITERACY STATUS OF THE TRIBALS OF

PURULIA DISTRICT OF WEST BENGAL

FLOOD MAPPING USING SWMM MODEL AND ITS IMPACTS ON LRI

PROPERTIES OF SURFACE SOIL OF BAWALGOAN SUBWATERSHED USING

RS & RS

1Mun Mun Nandy, 1 Hijli College, Kharagpur, West Bengal,

2Panskura Banamali College, West Bengal, 1 [email protected] ;[email protected]

Abstract

Education is the pillar of social and economic development of a society. Unless and until a society is literate and

awared, it can never progress further. According to Indian Census, a person who can read and write a simple

message in any language with understanding is considered as literate. The present paper tried to analyze the

difference in literacy between male and female in rural areas of Purulia district of West Bengal where concentration

of indigenous people are more than the other district of the state. This paper focuses on the present literacy status

of the tribals with the spatio-temporal factors of changes in the literacy status of the ST population of the various

blocks of the district from 1991 to 2011. The analysis is based on secondary data collected from different sources i.e.,

Census of India, District Statistical Handbook and published articles. The various data have been analysed through

Excel data tools and represented through GIS techniques for cartographic representation of the study. The study will

also highlight the abnormalities in the growth of literacy rate amongst the tribals in the district and suggest

measures for overcoming them.

Keywords: Literacy, spatio-temporal change, geographical factors, statistical analysis, cartographic representation.

1 2 2 3Praveen Kumar Naikode , Dr. Praveen Kumar Joglikar , Dr. Ganeshgauda Patil Syed Jafar Parwaiz Ather1,2&3SUJALA-III Project-Bidar;

] ] [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract

The area around Bawalgaon subwatershed of Aurad Taluka is often flooded severely on September 2016. The

existing drainage system inadequate to accommodate the increasing of drainage loads due to high rainfall and

overflow of water in Manjeera River. In order to evaluate the drainage system in the study area, EPA SWMM Model

was used to develop the simulation model. This model was able to calculate the quantity of surface runoff from

entire catchment area, flow discharge, flow depth and drainage pattern during the simulation period.

The data used in this research are maps of land use, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), rainfall data, surface soil

properties, and drainage channel. This paper assesses flood susceptibility using SWMM model of Bawalgaon

subwatershed shows the increase of ground water level with increase in precipitation and intimating losses due to

excess water and that helps in reducing and managing their impacts on people, surface soil properties and

environment.

Keyword: Flood, Drainage system, Rainfall, SWMM Model, Surface runoff, Flow discharge, drainage pattern, DEM,

Precipitation.

2Nirmalya Das,

CHANGES IN MANGROVE FOREST IN WEST BENGAL USING GEOSPATIAL

TECHNOLOGY

SOIL MOISTURE INDEX VAIRATION AND IT’S EFFECTS ON LRI SURFACE

SOIL PROPERTIES OF HUDGI SUBWATERSHED

1 3Pallav Choudhury, Manik Samanta 1&2National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation

3Symbiosis Institute of Geo-informatics

Abstract

Change detection of Land Use and Land Cover features on a space is a vital and critical interest of twenty-first

century by the environmentalist, conservationist and others working on natural ecosystems. The world's largest

Mangrove forest of Sunderban in gangetic delta was studied for canopy mangrove, scrub mangrove and floating

mangrove. The work was mainly focused on monitoring and predicting the changes and current status of mangrove

forest in Sunderban area of South 24-Parganas district in West Bengal from 2000 and 2018 using Sentinnel image of

10metre resolution. An attempt has also been made to predict the future mangrove forest coverage in 2036 and

2054. The prediction shows that though area under canopy mangrove is increasing, if present situation prevails, the

area under scrub mangrove will remain same but the area under floating mangrove will diminish because of the

encroachment by the increasing population and their growing economic activities.

Keywords : Land Use and Land Cover, canopy mangrove, scrub mangrove and floating mangrove, Sunderban.

1 2 2 3Praveenkumar Naikode , Dr. Praveenkumar Joglikar , Dr. Ganeshgauda Patil ,Aparna1,2&3SUJALA-III Project-Bidar

1 2 [email protected] ; [email protected] ;[email protected]

Abstract

Soil moisture is an important parameter to be considered for weather forecast, drought monitoring, hydrology,

agriculture management and policy making. The objective of this study is to calculate NDVI (Normalized Difference

Vegetation Index), LST (Land Surface Temperature) and SMI (Soil Moisture Index) using remote sensing satellite

images (Landsat 8) in the selected Hudgi subwatershed area of Humnabad taluka, Bidar district. NDVI, LST and SMI

maps were prepared using ArcGIS 10.6.1 software. And obtained results were compared with the surface soil

properties.

The study area of Hudgi sub watershed having geographical area of 4715.88 ha and is located in the

northern part of northern Karnataka in Humnabad Taluk, Bidar District, Karnataka State, India. It lies between 77° 9'

33.575"East longitude and 17° 44' 0.388" North latitude.

The Landsat 8 images of two different seasons Rabi and Kharif ( January and October months) for four years

2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively are downloaded for the study and soil moisture index was calculated and

related with surface soil properties.

Keywords: Soil Moisture Index, surface soil properties , Weather forecast, NDVI, LST, SMI, Remote Sensing, Rabi and

Kharif

2Dr. Tapati Banerjee and


SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR SMART CITY PLANNING:

AN INDIAN CASE STUDY

HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING TO ESTIMATE SNOWMELT USING

TEMPERATURE INDEX AND ENERGY BALANCE APPROACH

1Dr. Swapna Saha, 1&2NATMO

1 2 [email protected] ; [email protected]

Abstract

Urban mapping is a technique which generates a proper plan to bring about proper urban infrastructural

development. Present era is the era of urbanization where rapid growth of population and rapid expansion of cities

go hand in hand. Present study is based on Amritsar city where a high congestion of built up area with a total

population of 11.3 lakhs (Census 2011) can be seen. The total area of the city is 210 Sq Km with a population of 932

persons per Sq Km. This paper seeks to find ways of building efficient urban infrastructure based on the principles of

sustainable development. Amritsar is one of the oldest heritage cities of India and also a major site of tourism due to

presence of famous spots like Golden Temple, Jallianwala Bagh etc. The rapid urbanization in Amritsar city puts

pressure on the natural resources leading to improper utilization of natural resources and environmental pollution.

At the same time rapid development of tourism causes high rate of tourist influx which causes threat to

environmental quality. This paper approaches to suggest ways to convert Amritsar city into an Eco city where the use

of land, energy and other resources will be minimized. The main objective of this study is to promote urban mapping

to build a city which will provide core infrastructure, a clean and sustainable environment and also ‘Smart’ solutions

to provide a decent quality of life to the citizens. Various graphical and statistical analysis is applied in the study with

the help of both primary and secondary data collected from the chosen site. Here several measures like assessment

and planning of green spaces, water resource management, solid waste management and sustainable tourism are

discussed which shows how Amritsar city can be developed as an Eco city as well as a smart city. It is essential to

integrate technological advancement with sustainable approaches along with public awareness for planning and

management of an urban city due to the present worldwide crisis of resources.

Keywords: Eco tourism, Public awareness, Environmental Quality, Resource management, Smart solutions.

1 2Shivani Pathak , Vaibhav Garg1 2TERI SAS, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing Dehradun

[email protected]

Abstract

The snow cover plays a vital role in mountainous (Himalayan) region as the snowmelt contributes a significant

amount to the total discharge. In perennial rivers, snowmelt is one of the important source of freshwater. With

climate change the snow fall and its cover is also depleting which will affect the land use land cover, agricultural

activities, water availability, power generation, etc. accurate estimation of snowmelt runoff will help in efficient

management and planning of water resources, flood forecasting, hydropower generation. The study has been done

to estimate the snowmelt runoff in Beas river basin upto Pandoh using temperature index based approach and

energy balance approach and comparison between the two for the study area. The hydro-meteorological data was

taken from Bhakra Beas Management Board (BBMB) for Manali, Sainj, Banjar, Larji, Parbati, Jhanjhel, Bhuntar and

Pandoh gauge stations. The topographic information such as elevation and slope were extracted from ASTER DEM.

The soil texture information and land use land cover were taken from NBSSLUP and ISRO-GBP, respectively. For

temperature index based approach Soil and Water Tool (SWAT) was used, whereas, for energy balance approach

2Shreya Bhattacharjee



Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model was used. The simulation period for the model was 1995 to 2017 with 3 year

warm up period (1995-1997). SWAT model could not simulate snowmelt well for all the subbasin as it only considers

temperature. For comparing both models correlation between simulated discharge and observed discharge was

calculated in which the VIC model had comparatively strong correlation between simulated and observed correlation.

Keywords: Hydrological modelling, Snowmelt runoff, VIC, SWAT, Temperature Index based model, Energy balance

model

Saman Firdaus Chishti

Abstract

Urban biodiversity is an excellent indicator of the city's ecosystem health. Of which many species, like migratory

birds, are highly sensitive to climate change. Thus, it's significant for climate scientists to keep track of affected

species both for conservation and climatic impact assessment. In this paper, we study the degree of correlation

between climate and biodiversity pattern, by taking multivariate climatic parameters for two time-scales, long and

short time influence. In the long term influence, assessment of the available history of climate change and Delhi’s

diversity distribution trend is done. Based on the spatiotemporal mapping of 39 faunal species from all classes,

derived from secondary sources. The vegetation richness data are taken from Landsat time-series, covering several

decades of diversity. Short-time influence highlights local ecosystem degradation, and shift in the spatial movement

of sensitive species led by weather events in recent years. For this, we derive Remote Sensing (MODIS) metrics,

namely, dust aerosol index (DAI), smoke, active fire, humidity, rainfall, LST, GPP, EVI. Particularly, evapotranspiration

(ET) depicting flora richness; along with, radiance and temperature, having a larger impact on the distribution of bird

richness, compared to those of amphibians and mammals. And pollution data, in tandem.

Gholba, N. D., Agrawal, S. and Kulkarni, N. N.

Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun, India

Abstract

In this paper we present an object detection algorithm to use Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for counting and

detecting mango trees. The mango trees detection algorithm is made robust by optimally training the CNN so that it

can detect mango trees despite of differences in illumination, shadow and canopy size of the mango trees. Mango

(MangiferaindicaL.) is the national fruit of India and is cultivated throughout the country from Jammu in north to

Kerala in south. Mango census helps in crop health monitoring and to improve the crop productivity. Using Remote

Sensing techniques is a logical alternative to detect and count the mango trees on large areas in less time as

compared to manual attempt on the ground. Automation of tree counting is possible by using Deep Learning (DL)

techniques on the satellite images. In this paper Single Shot Multi Box Detector CNN algorithm was trained on World

View-3 high resolution multi-spectral satellite images of Shivamogga area of Karnataka. The CNN yielded more than

90% accuracy in detecting the mango tree canopies.

Keywords: Object Detection, Deep Learning, Tree Counting, Convolutional Neural Network, Remote Sensing

APPLYING GEO-INFORMATICS TO STUDY CLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS ON

URBAN ECOSYSTEMS & BIODIVERSITY

AUTOMATED DETECTION AND COUNTING OF MANGO TREES FROM HIGH

RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGES USING DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES.


OIL SPILLS MAPPING OF UAVSAR DATA USING YAMAGUCHI

DECOMPOSITION AND RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFIER

A STUDY ON MORBIDITY STATUS IN KARUR TALUK WITH REFERENCE TO

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM USING GIS

1 2Vaishali Chaudhary, Shashi Kumar1&2Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehradun


Abstract

Since the last couple of years due to an increase in maritime activities across the globe, the likelihood of legal or

illegal discharge of oil into water bodies has increased immensely. These oil patches can easily be detected with SAR

sensors as dark object. This study surveys the capability of SAR quad-pol dataset for detecting the oil spills and

distinguishing the oil patches from water at an adequate level. UAVSAR quad-pol data is used for the extraction of oil

spills. The data scenes covering oil patches are of Norwegian Radar oil Spill Experiment (NORSE2015) which was

carried out in the North Sea in June 2015. UAVSAR temporal data is also used to map the variation in the area of the

oil spills with time. Basic pre-processing is done on the dataset after which Yamaguchi decomposition model is

applied to get the truthful back scattering response from the elements present in the scene. To classify the oil spills

from water a decision tree-based approach is taken, hence Random Forest Classifier is used. AUROC curve and

confusion matrix is used to determine the precision of the overall classification. Later the study concludes the

probability of further improvement of the overall approach for even more accurate outcomes.

Keywords: Oil spills, UAVSAR, Yamaguchi decomposition, Random forest classifier, quad-pol, SAR.

1 2 3P. Umasankar, Dr. R. Vijaya, Dr. V. Saravanabavan1,2&3Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai

1 2 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract

The health is multidimensional in nature and every dimension is influenced by numerous factors, some known and

many unknown. Understanding the factors which explain the geographical pattern of association may lead to hints of

disease causation, in case where the cases of the disease are unknown. Understanding the disease occurrence in the

case of associative occurrence of diseases gives a clue about the spatial distribution to search for common behavioural

or behavioural- geographical factors. Generally epidemiological investigations are equally impressive in the use of a

particular disease. In most area of research, the major concepts and methods of ecological association of diseases and

health care delivery system and their association with disease pattern have experienced significant changes. Hence,

the present study has made an attempt to analyze the morbidity conditions of the villages with reference to primary

health centre to identify the type of diseases mostly reported to primary health centres in Karur Taluk. The secondary

disease prevalence data and the month wise morbidity statistics for two years (2017-2018) available in the primary

health centres of Karur Taluk were used as the data base for the study. The investigator aims to bring out the disease

pattern of the reported diseases recorded by the Primary Health Centres (PHCs) in Karur Taluk.

Keywords : Primary Health Centres (PHCs), Morbidity Statistics, Disease Pattern.


TEMPORAL MONITORING OF FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS USING DUAL

POLARISED SAR DATA

DELINEATION OF GROUND WATER POTENTIAL ZONES IN JORHAT

DISTRICT, ASSAM, INDIA

1 2 3Chinnu Rajesh, Nishant Pandey, Dr. HariShanker1,2&3Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun

[email protected]

Abstract

Remote Sensing technique involves acquiring information about any object or event without actually being present

in the site. So it serves as an effective tool for obtaining rapid, timely data ofthe recentcatastrophes caused by floods

for taking mitigation measures as well for assessing the impactscaused.Satellite system which makes use of all

weather data acquisition is best suitable. This study makes use of Sentinel SAR data which is calibrated,

geometrically corrected and filtered. The inundated areas are delineated with the help of GIS.It also aims at creating

time series flood maps for a period of four years and also estimating the agricultural losses incurred.

Keywords : SAR, Floods, GIS

Dr. Mayurakshi Bhuyan Baruah

Noida, Uttar Pradesh

[email protected]

Abstract

Despite having enough rainfall, large part of India especially north-east India suffer from water security from time

immemorial. Ground water occurs in weathered or semi-weathered/fractured layers in hard-rock areas whose

thickness varies, in general, from 5m to 20m. Satellite pictures are widely being used for groundwater exploration

because of its ability to identify various ground features, which may serve as an indicator of groundwater’s

presence. The Present study, for an assessment of groundwater potentiality in Jorhat District of Assam highlighted

various groundwater potential zones. The groundwater availability at this plain area was roughly divided into three

classes (i.e., Good, moderate and poor) based on its hydro-geomorphological conditions. Topo-sheets by Survey of

India and Cartosat satellite imageries are used for preparing various thematic maps viz. geomorphology, slope,

land-use, geology, drainage density and soil map were transformed to raster class data using feature to raster

converter tool in Arc GIS. All the raster maps were allocated to a fixed percentage of influence and weighted their

after weighted overlay tool or technique was used. For getting the groundwater potential zones, each weighted

thematic layer was computed statistically.

Keywords : Groundwater; Remote sensing; GIS; Ground water Potentiality; Water Resource.

Sub Theme-3

Mapping for Location Based

Services

IMPLEMENTING GEOPORTALS FOR SOI

“SAHYOG” MOBILE APPLCATION: A STEP TOWARDS CROWD SOURCING

Bhupendra Parmar

GIS & RS Directorate, Survey of India, Uppal, Hyderabad

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to assess the existing spatial data type holdings within Survey of India and other

departments and determine their current spatial data sharing patterns. The main objective was to implement a

geoportal to enhance spatial data sharing and effective management in SoI. The methodology entailed

configuration of the database followed by server and web setup. The data sharing practices in the country to be

poor. The final results comprise of a working geoportal application, with data querry, analysis and other repository

tabs together with the interactive web map embedded to the map viewer. The main conclusion is that SoI own

various features in spatial data format based on their surveyed maps on various scales. The main recommendation

is that the model used at the SoI can be scaled and used to agglomerate the data from different departments at the

national level.

Swapan Chowhan

GIS & RS Directorate, Survey of India

[email protected]

Abstract

In this modern era of internet and smart phones, GIS can play a vital role in easing day-to-day life issues of an

individual by means of various Location Based Services (LBS) over smart phones. Today an individual can search his

nearby facilities such as hotels, hospitals, markets, and stores or even he can book a cab using LBS available on

mobile.

Survey of India (SOI) has taken initiative to provide such LBS indigenously for Indian citizens. To accomplish

this goal SOI needs a huge high-resolution Point of Interest (POI) dataset with PAN India distribution. The Creation of

such a huge dataset is a long time taking process which requires lots of manpower and resources. So to enhance this

process SOI has developed an android mobile application name “SAHYOG” for the GIS user community where they

can voluntarily support and contribute in preparing, updating and enriching the POI database based on “By the

users and for the users” concept.

Using these application users like Government (centre\state) departments, Organizations, Institutions,

students and any citizens of India can upload POI to the SOI server which after security clearance can be used for

various LBS to serve the users.


GIS BASED MULTI-CRITERIA APPROACH FOR SITE SUITABILITY OF

MATERNAL HEALTH CARE CENTRES ON EASTERN FRINGE OF CHOTA

NAGPUR PLATEAU

1Alokananda Ghosh, 1Tehatta Sadananda Mahavidyalay;

1 [email protected] ;[email protected]

Abstract

The global targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs-2030) are to, ensure universal access to reproductive

health-care services and achieve universal health coverage.In every two minutes a woman dies from potentially

preventable issues in pregnancy or child birth. In spite of having adequate education and satisfactory nourishment

women die due to obstetric labour in different parts of the developing countries. Therefore importance should be

given to the location and allocation of maternal health care service centres (MHCSs). The major objective of the

study is to find out the (i) prevailing locations of facility centres, (ii) assessing the proportion of eligible population

having the access to that MHCSs, (iii) finding a need based suitable site for establishment of new facility centres. Data

have been clubbed into four major categories to run the multi-criteria overlay analysis, i.e- (a) status of obstetric

health outcome (b) prevailing situational and physical factors, (c) socio-economic conditions, (d) existing MHCS

facilities. The study has raised questions on the strategic allocation of facilities and identified suitable sites in some

portion of western and northern part of the study area dealing with lower accessibility and excessive population

pressure respectively.

Keywords: SDGs, Reproductive health, MHCSs, Multi-criteria overlay, Site Suitability.

2Biswaranjan Mistri, 2The University of Burdwan


Sub Theme-4

Mapping with UAV or Drone

LANDSLIDE MAPPING USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

FINALISATION OF ARTIFICIAL CANAL ALIGNMENT USING DRONE

TECHNOLOGY- MAHE- VALAPATANAM WATERWAY PROJECT IN KERALA,

A CASE STUDY

1 1 1 2 A. Tiwari, A. B. Narayan, O. Dikshita, R. Dwivedi1Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur;

1 2(atiwari, onkar, nagaraj)@iitk.ac.in ; [email protected]

Abstract

Landslide events frequently occur at many sites in the Himalayan region, threatening lives and property. Some of

the critically affected landslide prone sites require regular monitoring using terrestrial, aerial or space based

deformation monitoring techniques. However, many such locations are inaccessible, making it difficult to conduct

terrestrial surveys. In this study, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry is used to map the Sirobagarh

landslide lying in Uttarakhand, India, in order to evaluate its landslide mapping and monitoring potential. This site is

affected by recurring landslides for more than five decades, and is characterized by presence of a large scarp, the

Alaknanda river, national highway 58 (NH 58) and a village. UAV flights were planned at the landslide location, so as

to map an area of 0.119 km2, covering the complete landslide scarp and its surroundings. Registration of UAV

photogrammetric images was done with the help of three ground control points established using precise geodetic

global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers and ~ 20,000 image matching points. Once registered, both the

images and the point clouds were used to generate digital surface model of the location and corresponding ortho-

photographs. With UAVs, 105 high resolution (104 calibrated) images of the landslide scarp were acquired (average

ground sampling distance 4 cm), which helped in better visual interpretation of the landslide. Accuracy assessment

of UAV co-registration was performed with respect to Lidar scans of the study site, which indicated that UAV point

clouds (containing ~80 points/m3) were affected by co-registration errors. Moreover, with many deformation sites

having the limitation of inaccessibility, UAV photogrammetric survey can supplement other terrestrial surveying

techniques due to its cost, labour and time efficiency. The deformation measurement aptitude, however, requires

significant improvement.

Keywords: Landslide monitoring, UAV, co-registration.

G. Prasanth Nair

Kerala Waterways & Infrastructures Ltd.

[email protected]

Abstract

Government of Kerala has set up a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) called Kerala Waterways & Infrastructures Ltd.

(KWIL), a joint initiative of Govt. of Kerala and Cochin International Airport Ltd (CIAL) with a view to give impetus for

the development of the ambitious Kovalam- Kasaragod waterway project (630 km). The waterway will provide

alternative connectivity between the south and north of the State which will enhance the tourism potential in the

“Gods Own Country”. It also facilitates diversion of cargo movement from the otherwise congested road mode to the

green waterway mode. As a part of this project artificial canals need to be constructed at four reaches connecting the

existing rivers so as to ensure through navigation. In the 1st phase, the KWIL has taken up development of three

reaches between Mahe and Valapatanam (51 km), connecting Mahe river and Eranjoli river (1st cut of 10 km length),

Eranjoli and Dharmadom river (700 m) and Anjarakkandy river and Valapatanam river (15 km), the remaining 26 km

length in the stretch is river reaches. As Kerala is a thickly populated State, especially the coastal region where the

project is envisaged, it will be difficult to conduct conventional methods of survey (like total station survey) to identify

2Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Prayagraj


and finalise the best alignment due to two reasons viz i) obstructions in getting clear line of sight due to the existence

of large scale built up area and ii) opposition from the local public. To overcome these hurdles, after a preliminary

study of the project area based on google earth, SoI topo sheets and reccy survey, the KWIL has utilised drone

technology for finalizing the alignment for all the three cuts. Based on this, maps were prepared for a 100 m wide

corridor in which levels of the terrain was also incorporated in the required grid using appropriate software. Exact

alignment of the proposed artificial canal has been demarcated on these maps by following low level areas, existing

water bodies and also considering minimum number of built up areas (houses and other structures) for land

acquisition (LA). After this block-wise field measurement book (FMB) data collected from the concerned Revenue

offices were superimposed and land acquisition maps were prepared. With that the LA process also become easier.

Considerable manpower and time saving were there due to the usage of the drone technology in mapping. The KWIL

is in the process of acquisition of land and the artificial canal for the 1st and 2nd cut is being made shortly.

1 2Col. Pawan Kumar Pandey, Pardeep Singh,1&2Surveyor General Office, SoI, Dehradun

1 [email protected] ; [email protected]

Abstract

With Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)/Drone regulations issued in India, UAVs have become legal platform for civilian

uses. Survey of India, the National Mapping Agency (NMA) took the challenge of mapping the properties of Sonari

Village (Rural habitation) in Maharashtra State, India using Professional Survey Grade UAVs for acquiring aerial images

at better than 5 cm Ground Sampling Distance (GSD). Marking of revenue parcels & properties was done on the

ground before flying and sufficient Ground Control Points (GCP) were provided. The aerial images acquired with

sufficient overlap were processed in the dedicated drone data processing software. Feature detection, Feature

matching, Automatic Aerial Triangulation (AAT), Point cloud generation and Ortho-Image generation steps were

performed automatically. Vectorisation of properties was carried out manually. Digital and hard copy maps were

prepared. Based on the maps, property cards were issued to the citizens. This mapping exercise was the first of its kind

at such high resolution and the first habitation to be mapped in India successfully using professional survey grade

drone. The high resolution image thus provided the solution for creating the most durable record of property holdings.

Dr. M. Stalin, Rukmangadan D., Debanjana Gupta and Y.K.Rathod.

Survey of India, Bengaluru

[email protected]

Abstract

Large Scale maps have innumerable applications in today’s world because of the great number of details visible on

these maps. One such use is the distinction of administrative boundaries till village levels, which make them an

obvious choice for many administrative units. But, to survey for such maps using traditional methods, is a

mammoth task. Also, the requirement of resources is humongous. However, with the use of Unmanned Aerial

Vehicle (UAV) as a low-altitude platform, these constraints can be mitigated. UAVs combined with remote sensing

A STUDY FOR CREATING VERY HIGH RESOLUTION & DURABLE RECORD

OF PROPERTY HOLDINGS BY MAPPING RURAL HABITATIONS USING

UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

CHALLENGES IN LARGE SCALE MAPPING OF KARNATAKA BY UAV

IMAGERIES AND ITS ACCURACY ASSESSMENT


technology have been intending to make use of available technologies in order to acquire the spatial data about

land cover, resources, and the environment for processing and analysing remote sensing data.

In this paper, an attempt has been made to assess the accuracy of the UAV (Trinity Plus) imagery for the

production of large scale maps. The pilot study has been conducted in the districts of Bengaluru and Ramanag araof

Karnataka state. The accuracy is assessed by comparing the ortho-rectified image of UAV with respect to ground

features measured on field after processing of raw images using Agisoft Metashape software, by statistical

methods. The study reveals that the accuracy of ortho photo generated from UAV images proves to be within 5 cm at

95% confidence level. Various issues that were encountered during the survey on the ground, are also discussed in

the paper.

Keywords: Large scale mapping, UAV, Ortho-rectified, Accuracy Assessment.

B. Sukumar and Ahalya Sukumar

Scientists, Retd (NCESS), Thiruporur

[email protected]

Abstract

Topography or relief is an important factor to be considered for demarcating flood prone areas. In this paper, an

attempt is made to identify the low lying areas vulnerable for floods by preparing relief map for Chennai, Thiruvallur,

and Kancheepuram districts showing areas below 5 meters, 5-10 meters, 10-15 meters, 15-20 meters above mean

sea level using SRTM data. Administrative boundaries like district, taluk and village were superimposed and areas

were calculated and tabulated. This study would act as a base for disaster management for flood mitigation and

drain water in Chennai Metropolitan Region according to the relief and other parameters. Study area covers three

districts of Tamil Nadu viz., Thiruvallur, Chennai and Kancheepuram. Total area covered is 7,993.57 sq.km

(Thiruvallur district, 3422 sq.km, Chennai, 178.20 sq.km and Kancheepuram district, 4393.37 sq.km). Though entire

districts covered, area below 20 meters covers eastern part of these districts. It is the low lying area, experience flood

during heavy rainy days. All these districts have coast, experience storm surge during North East Monsoon period

with cyclonic storm and sea level rise threat.

SRTM data were for generating contours of 5, 10, 15 and 20 meters using SAGA GIS software. From the

contours, areas below 5m, 5 to 10m, 10 to 15m and 15 to 20m were obtained using GIS. Administrative boundaries

like district, taluk, Chennai Corporation and village of these districts were digitised using QGIS software and overlaid

over the relief map prepared. Areas of relief falling under different relief categories were calculated village wise by

intersect method. Thus the low lying areas were calculated and demarcated. All the relief category of the study area

covers 33.45 per cent of the total area of all the districts. Area covered under different relief category in the three

districts are given in Table.1

MAPPING LOW LYING AREAS IN CHENNAI, THIRUVALLUR AND

KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICTS USING SRTM DATA IN GIS ENVIRONMENT


Below 5 meters 349.07 16.55 281.5 8.1

5 to 10 meters 343.12 68.36 304.75 8.96

10 to15 meters 271.27 83.45 330.13 8.57

15 to 20 meters 260.48 9.78 354.52 7.82

Total 1223.94 178.24 1273.9

Relief category Area in Area in Area in Percentage to Thiruvallur District Chennai District Kancheepuram District the total study area

Table.1

Relief categories and area in the districts (area in sq.km)

Among the districts, below 5 meters areas are found more in Thiruvallur district followed by Kancheepuram and

Chennai districts. Same trend is found in 5 to 10 meters area. In 10 to 15 meters and 15 to 20 meters categories

Kancheepuram district stands first followed by Thiruvallur and Chennai districts. The Survey of India, Topographic

maps of 1:50,000 scale starts with 20 meter contour. It is very difficult to demarcate areas below 20m. Present study

enabled to demarcate areas below 5 meters, between 5 and 10 meters, 10 and 15 meters and 15 and 20 meters. The

results of the present study would act as a base for disaster management.


Sub Theme-5

Open Source Geospatial

Technologies

APPLICATION OF FGIS FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT STATUS MAPPING

IN PASCHIM MEDINIPUR DISTRICT OF WEST BENGAL

LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONATION MAPPING USING WEIGHTED OVERLAY

ANALYSIS IN NILGIRIS DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

1Tanmay Patra, 1&2Panskura Banamali College, West Bengal

1 [email protected] ;[email protected]

Abstract

Empowerment is defined as a person’s capacity to make choices and take decision in life. It is very important aspect

of women’s life as they are disempowered in various facets of society. So, empowering is essential to achieve the

equitable and decisive position in life of women because empowered women can contribute to the social and

economic development. Paschim Medinipur, a district of west Bengal is very much diversified in respect to its

physiography as well as socio-economic and cultural set up. This type of set up gives an uneven character of

empowerment status of women of the district. The main objective of the analysis is to present the spatial

visualization and mapping of women empowerment status using FGIS technique for the study area. To find out the

spatial pattern of women empowerment status, the block level indicators like literacy rate, gender ratio, work

participation rate, political participation rate etc. have been selected for the analysis. The mapping of various spatial

information regarding empowerment status of women will help full for the administrator and decision maker to

make appropriate policy and pathway for well being of women.

Keywords: Women empowerment, spatial pattern, FGIS technique, mapping, development.

1 2Aneesah Rahaman, MadhaSuresh.V1&2University of Madras, Chennai

[email protected]

Abstract

Landslide are the common disastrous events in the Nilgiris District, it shows a historical record in the study area. The

objective of this present study is to prepare a landslide hazard zonation map. The present study has been carried

out by using secondary sources of data. Total 33 landslides have been recognized through Landsat-8 satellite

imagery, google earth and newspapers. In this study five parameters have been taken such as land-use/ land cover,

rainfall, slope, aspect and geology. The hazard zonation map has been done with the technique of Weighted Overlay

Analysis by using GIS software ARC GIS 10.4. The results of this study reveal that the most of the landslide has been

occurred in the north and center part of Nilgiris district which are highly prone to landslides. These regions are in

very high and high zones. The northern most part of the Nilgiris is in the very low zone due to densely forest covered.

Therefore, the results of this study also reveals that the final map of hazard zonation can be useful for mitigate the

hazard and is very helpful to planners and engineers for determining the safe and suitable locations to continue the

developmental works.

Keywords: landslide, hazard zonation, Weighted Overlay Analysis, GIS

2Nirmalya Das


LAND USE/LAND COVER MAPPING WITH RESPECT TO POPULATION

EXPANSION OF GUWAHATI CITY, ASSAM USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE

AND SAGA

DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (DEM) EXTRACTION FROM GOOGLE EARTH:

A STUDY OF ACCEPTABILITY

1 2Kongseng Konwar and Jyotish Ranjan Deka1&2Beltola, Assam, Guwahati

Abstract

The migration of people from rural and peri-urban areas to urban areas has been a trend since the past. The

rampant developmental activities and increase in infrastructures have resulted in a major expansion in

geographical areas of the urban landscape characterized by the settlement, population density, and proliferation of

built-up areas and infrastructure development. The study area 317.742 km2 includes the Guwahati Metropolitan

Development Authority (GMDA). The Google Earth Engine (GEE) has proven to be a powerful tool by providing access

to a different imagery in one consolidated system. The land cover maps were produced using supervised

classification in (GEE) at three time periods for a total of 7 common land cover classes with overall accuracy

assessments of 88.12% (2009), 84.35% (2014), and 91% (2019). The change detection was performed in System for

Automated Geo-scientific Analyses (SAGA) software. The 159.18 km2 of area has been covered by built up area in

2019 prior to 89.51 km2 in 2009. It shows that degraded forest has been extensively transformed to built-up area

from the past few years. The study not only elucidates the LULC but also demonstrated the use of open source GEE

and SAGA software and monitor the change over time.

1 2 3 4Dr. Debdip Bhattacharjee, Anushree Panigrahi, Dr. Ratnadeep Ray, Dr. Sukla Hazra1,3&4 2East Calcutta Girls’ College, Kolkata, JRF, Government of West Bengal1 2 3 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a bare earth grid referenced to a vertical datum. A bare-earth elevation model is

particularly useful in hydrology, soils and land use planning. There are a few types of DEM data among which Space

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer

(ASTER) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) are widely acceptable and accessible as well. This paper aims to

introduce Google Earth as another source to retrieve the elevation information in terms of DEM by deploying an

open source altitude converter utility named as TCX Converter. This utility can update altitude data through

truncating tracks from Google Earth. Neora river basin of India has been chosen as study where for preparing DEM

the altitudinal informations have been extracted. First, tracks has been generated over the respective spatial

location on Google Earth which later on have been converted to *.csv format followed by waypoint conversion

through the truncation of the tracks by TCX Converter utility. Finally the *.csv file having altitude informations have

been converted to point layer in GIS shape file (*.shp) environment using the spatial coordinates and interpolated

using surfacing principal to prepare DEM in Geo Tiff format. The study area has been classified into hilly and

comparatively flat sections and compared with the conventional DEMs generated from space borne digital data like

ASTER, SRTM, Cartosat etc. A strong correlation between them has been seen. So this can be concluded that Google

Earth derived DEM is so justified that this is relatively as acceptable as DEMs from other space borne sources.

Keywords : Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Google Earth.



EVALUATION OF OPENLY ACCESSIBLE MERIT DEM FOR VERTICAL

ACCURACY IN DIFFERENT TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS OF INDIA

IDENTIFICATIONOF HELICOPTER LANDING ZONES ANDDROP ZONES IN

DISASTER/CONFLICT AFFECTED AREAS USING GEOSPATIAL

TECHNOLOGIES

Ashutosh Bhardwaj

Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehradun

[email protected]

Abstract

Open source geo-spatial technologies provide users with many resources including data sets at various spatial

resolutions and software. It also provides an opportunity for experimentation and usage of these immense data

sets available from local to global levels. Data assimilation techniques are now widely used for the generation of

topography; however, they need strict quality assessment to avoid misrepresentation of terrain. Openly accessible

MERIT DEM is the product generated by using SRTM3 v2.1 and AW3D-30m v1 along with supplementary data sets

available in different parts of the globe. MERIT DEM is evaluated using ground control points (GCPs) acquired using

differential global positioning system (DGPS). MERIT DEM was compared to TanDEM-X 90m DEM, which is recently

released, by DLR and Carto DEM V3R1 data set from NRSC. Data assimilation for generation of improved DEM aids in

correction for erroneous features such as spikesandholes, due to mass points in floating or digging. Mean error

(ME), root mean square error (RMSE) and standard deviations(SD)were calculated for the six experimental sites at

Dehradun, Kendrapara, Jaipur, Delhi, Chandigarh, and Shivalik hills near Kalka. The minimum and maximum RMSE

in elevation were found at Jaipur site as 3.27m and Shivalik hills near Kalka as 16.61m respectively.

Keywords: Data assimilation, MERIT DEM, CartoDEM, TanDEM-X, GCPs, SRTM, AW3D30

1 2Rohit Malhotra, Dr AS Jasrotia1&2University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi ( J&K)-180006 (INDIA).

[email protected]

Abstract

Recent natural calamities and armed conflict have astonished the world with the magnitude of destruction they can

cause. The relief and rescue operations, often in unknown and hostile areas will entail quick concentration of scarce

resources at the place of occurrence. With traditional means of transportation denied due to damage of

infrastructure, congestion and/or occupation by the adversary, the use of aircraft for the task is inevitable. While in

air aerial platforms are flexible in their employment, they are extremely sensitive and vulnerable to climate and

nature of the terrain, especially on or near the ground. Detailed knowledge of the terrain on a real-time basis, before

the conduct of such operations, is therefore imperative for the establishment of Drop zones and Helicopter Landing

Zones. This paper proposes the use of geospatial technologies for the identification of suitable areas for

establishing Drop Zones and Helicopter Landing Zones in Disaster/Conflict-affected areas. Terrain parameters that

affect selection are nature, declivity and resistance. Suitable layers were generated using satellite imagery and

available secondary data. Spatial analysis was then carried out to present the result as a thematic map showing

likely areas where Drop Zones and Helicopter Landing Zones could be established. The obtained result has enabled

quick selection of Drop zones and Helicopter Landing Zones in Disaster/Conflict-affected areas, significantly

reducing the OODA cycle while conducting relief and rescue operations.

Keywords : Landing Zones, Helicopter Landing Zones HLZ, LZ, Helicopter, Disaster Management, Remotesensing,

GIS, Digital Image Processing, MCDA.

Sub Theme-6

Urban Mapping & Smart Cities

SPATIAL METRICS TO ANALYZE THE CHANGE IN THE LANDSCAPE USING

FRAGSTAT: A CASE STUDY OF ERNAKULAM DISTRICT

BUILT-UP FEATURE EXTRACTION USING INDEX DERIVED BUILT-UP

INDEX FROM SATELLITE IMAGERY

Dhanusree.M, Narmada.K, Bhaskaran G

Center For Water Resource Management, University Of Madras, Chennai

Abstract

Throughout the human history, urban areas have played a significant role in transforming the society. They have

been the scene and setting of major social, economic and political change. Urbanization has been an important

social and economic phenomenon taking place at an unprecedented scale and rate all over the world. Although,

urban areas cover a very small fraction of the world’s land surface, their rapid expansion has significantly altered the

natural landscape and created enormous environmental, ecosystem, and social impacts.

Ernakulam district of Kerala occupies an area of 2407 sq. km. It is located in the 9°57' North latitude and

76°15' East longitude. Ernakulam district is bordered by the Arabian Sea in the west, Thrissur District in the north,

Idukki District in the east, and Alappuzha and Kottayamdistricts in the south. Kochi known as the Queen of Arabian

Sea is the headquarters of Ernakulam district. It is a major port city on the west coast of India. The district is well

connected with a good network of roads and railways. The study has been carried out with the help of land use land

cover changes from 1992 to 2019 where it is evident that the urbanization is happening rapidly. Landscape matrix

has been used to find out the urban landscape pattern characteristics by using Total class area (CA), largest patch

index (LPI), total edge (TE), edge density (ED) in fragstat.

This study provides the scientific way to understand the future urban growth and also provides a

methodology for accessing Landscape pattern of the urban area. Hence it would be useful for decision making

process and also helpful for planners and authorities to formulate suitable plan for sustainable urban development

in the region.

Key words: Landscape Metrix, Urban Growth, Fragstat

1 2Krishnaveni K.S. , Dr. Anilkumar P.P.1&2National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala


Abstract

Uncontrolled population growth together with unprecedented rate of urbanization is a growing concern, especially

in the developing countries across the world. The various impacts arising from the rapid urbanization ranges from

impacts to the economy, society, environment, culture etc. Mapping the built-up area is important because the built-

up land features can be considered as indicators of urban development. The techniques of remote sensing can be

used effectively for extracting the built-up areas from satellite imageries effectively and effortlessly. This paper

demonstrates the extraction of built-up land features from Landsat satellite imagery by combining three indices

namely Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index and Soil-

Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). MNDWI is used to enhance the open water features by suppressing built-up,

vegetation and soil noise. NDBI automatically extracts built-up areas with unique spectral responses of built-up

features and SAVI extracts the vegetation information by actively suppressing soil influences on canopy spectra by

putting a soil adjustment factor in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The Index Derived Built-up

Index (IDBI) enhances the built-up land features easily and will results in positive values for built-up land pixels only.


The threshold values for built-up land feature class is manually determined and pixels with values greater than the

threshold are classified as built-up feature class. The resultant image will be of binary in nature showing only the

extracted built-up information. This index was applied successfully for extracting the built-up land features in

Kozhikode Urban Agglomeration with very high accuracy level.

Keywords: Built-up, Index Derived Built-up Index (IDBI), MNDWI, SAVI, NDBI, NDVI

1 1 1J. Boodala, O. Dikshita, N. Balasubramaniana1Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

[email protected], (onkar, nagaraj)@iitk.ac.in

Abstract

This paper presents the methodology to automatically derive the generalised representations of buildings at

1:25,000 scale from 1:10,000. The selection, merging and simplification operators are applied to 1:10,000 scale

building data to achieve the 1:25,000 representation. These three generalisation operators are realised using the

algorithms available in the CartAGen (CARTographic Agent GENeralisation) platform. The CartAGen is an open

source map generalisation platform developed by IGN France. The methodology proposed in this paper is tested on

Ordnance Survey’s open data product namely OS OpenMap - Local (1:10,000 scale). The geometric constraint values

required for the generalisation algorithms are acquired from the specification documents of OS OpenMap - Local

and OS Vector Map District data products. The results of generalisation process achieved through CartAGen are

evaluated with respect to the OS Vector Map District (1:25,000) data product. This study helps to understand

whether the CartAGen platform can be used to generalise the data products which are not produced by IGN France

and the modifications required, if any, are discussed in this paper.

Keywords : Generalisation, Buildings, CartAGen, Selection, Merging, Simplification.

1 2Samrin Fatema , Dr Abhisek Chakrabarty

Vidyasagar University Midnapore, [email protected]

[email protected]

Abstract

Types of the surface affect the surface temperature if it is made from concrete or hard material, the temperature will

be more, so it is essential to study the Land Surface Temperature (LST) of an urban area [1]. For global climate

change studies, LST is an important parameter to estimate the radiation budgets, heat balance, and also controlling

factor for dynamic climate changes [2]. In this study, we made an effort to determine the land surface temperature

in Midnapore Kharagpur Development Authority planning region. Multi-temporal images acquired by Landsat 5 TM,

Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI sensors on 03 May 2001, 07 May 2011 29 May 2019 respectively, were corrected

for radiometric and geometric errors and processed to extract LULC classes and land surface temperature (LST). The

relationship between the temporal dynamics of LULC and LST has been examined using of remote sensing

techniques. The thermal remote sensing can monitor temperature and affecting micro-climate in urban areas. The

AUTOMATED GENERALISATION OF BUILDINGS USING CartAGen

PLATFORM

A TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGE WITH

IMPACT ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE



result of the study shows that the temperature is distributed over the surface and its changing with different land

use [3]. So, this study becomes essential in this aspect.

Keywords: LULC, Change detection, LST, Thermal Remote sensing, GIS.

Dr. Moushumi Datta,

Nagindas Khandwala College, Malad West, Mumbai

[email protected]

Abstract

The present study illustrates the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use and land cover of northern part of Raigad

District, Maharashtra. Its latitudinal extension is between 19012’N and 18062’N and longitudinal extension is

between 72086’E and 73065’E. It is spread over 2893 sq. km. and consists of two subdivisions viz. Alibaug and Panvel.

The objectives of this research are to identify and map the urban expansion of Northern Raigad from 1991 to 2011

and to project future land use and land cover for the year 2025. Cellular Automata Markov Chain Model was devised

to study the changes in land use and land cover and to predict the future. All the mapping, land use land cover

analysis and future projection has been carried out with the help of GIS software- QGIS v. 3.4.4. The future projection

of the study area for the year 2025 suggests that the land area under vegetation will be completely taken over by

residential spaces. Maximum area will be under settlements followed by built up area, vegetation and agriculture.

This is harmful for the sustainability of the planet and hence it is recommended to adopt ‘sustainable and

cooperative development’.

Keywords: land use/ land cover, future projection, sustainable and cooperative development

1 2 3Mandvi Misra , Deepak Kumar , Sulochana Shekhar1,2Amity Institute of Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing, Noida, U.P.

3School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu1 [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract

Conventionally in contemporary literature on urban green compensation refers to the replacement or relocation of

green space in any urban area for enhancement of quality life by protecting urban green spaces. In the recent years,

increased urbanization in the fast-growing cities in developing countries has forced the urban planners to design or

propose some strategies for sustainable urban cities to compensate the flooring of trees or green cover reduction.

The current work attempts to propose a unique concept of compensatory urban greening in order to create the

required green space within the urban framework which is covered with urban impervious areas. The ideas are not

based on the relocation of urban green space show everit focuses on the spaces having no surrounded green cover

or urban impervious areas but there is the requirement to decrease the impervious area with urban greening for

sustainable urban development to mitigate the urban heat island effects caused by impervious areas. The present

work utilises the open-source Sentinel 2 datasets with the resolution of 10m was used to estimate the fraction of

MONITORING LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGE USING GIS AND

REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES: A CASE STUDY OF NORTHERN RAIGAD,

MAHARASHTRA

COMPENSATORY URBAN GREENING FOR REDUCING URBAN

IMPERVIOUS SURFACE USING OPEN-SOURCE DATASETS

impervious surface area and based on the extent of the impervious area, the requisite urban greening was

suggested for improving the quality of urban life.

Keywords : Delhi, open-source datasets, urban greening, Urban Impervious surface

1 2 3 4Akanksha , Pranjal Pandey , Rajeev Sonkar & Maya Kumari1&2 3Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University; RSAC UP, Lucknow

4Amity School of Natural Resource and Sustainable Development1 2 3 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract

The alarming increase in the rate of unplanned urban sprawl in recent years has lead to the inevitable growth in

urbanization especially in developing countries, thus making it the primary concern for urban planners and other

environmental professionals. The present study deals with multi-temporal satellite data to map and monitor the

Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) change patterns of the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. With the help of our study, we also

tried to portray the impact of urban sprawl on the Land Surface Temperature (LST). The long-term LULC and urban

spatial change modelling was carried out using Landsat satellite data from 2000 to 2019. The assessment of the

outcome showed that increase in urban built-up areas favoured a substantial decline in the agricultural land and

vegetation covers, during the entire tenure of the study. The classification shows increase of 96.51 sq.km of built-up

area over a period of nineteen years. An overall rise of 3.26℃ & 2.01℃ were noticed in lowest and highest

temperature respectively from 2000 to 2019. The overall proliferation of the population and an unsustainable

growth rate of urbanization of the study region depicts the elevation in Land Surface Temperature.

Keywords: LULC Change, Landsat Images , Land Surface Temperature.

1 2 3 4Vipasha Sharma , Swagata Ghosh , Muhammad Bilal , Sultan Singh1&2Amity Institute of Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing (AIGIRS), Noida

3School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China4Haryana Space Applications Centre Node, Gurgaon


Abstract

Satellite aerosol products have been widely used to estimate PM concentration because of its wide spatial 2.5

coverage. Considering the above fact, in the present research, MODIS derived Collection 61 (C61), Level 2 AOD

product has been used to estimate PM concentration around critically polluted satellite cities (Gurugram and 2.5

Faridabad) of Delhi to compensate the dearth of ground monitoring stations over there. The present study also aims

to evaluate the performance of Deep Blue (DB ), Dark Target (DT ) and Dark Target (DT ) AOD in estimation of 10KM 3KM 10KM

PM using linear regression model. Results related tointer-seasonal variation of PM indicated that during winter 2.5 2.5

3and pre-monsoon,mean ambient PM concentrations was greater than 300μg/m withvery poorair quality. 2.5

CHANGING TRENDS OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN RELATION TO

LAND USE/LAND COVER OF LUCKNOW CITYUSING GEO-SPATIAL

TECHNIQUES

COMPARISON BETWEEN DEEP BLUE AND DARK TARGET AOD

FOR ESTIMATION OF PM 2.5 CONCENTRATION AROUND SELECTED

SATELLITE CITIES OF DELHI



However, model adequacy checks suggested that there is further scope of strengthening of models taking more

parameters into account and a higher resolution data may for highly accurate estimation.

Keywords: AOD, PM , MODIS, Deep Blue (DB), Dark Target (DT)2.5

1 2 3Sunil Kumar , Swagata Ghosh , Sultan Singh1&2Amity Institute of Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing (AIGIRS), Amity University, Noida

3Haryana Space Applications Centre Node, Gurgaon2 [email protected] ; [email protected]

Abstract

Development of urban sprawl due to process of land use change has been considered as a prominent characteristic

of urban expansion. Present research aims to investigate urban growth process in Faridabad city focusing on urban

sprawl and land use change from two distinguished year of observation 2012 and 2017. To estimate the land use

change, object-based image classification approach has been applied on LISS-IV images. Urban density and annual

urban growth rate have been calculated using multi-ring buffer to investigate the direction of urban expansion.

Spatial analysis has been performed to derive the influence of roads in settlement density. Major increase in built up

area (1.68% of the total study area) has been observed between 2012 and 2017. Due to natural and structural

limitations, the barren lands, stone cliffs, and agricultural lands are occupied by built-up areas. Such irregular

expansion of Faridabad city must be controlled to achieve sustainable development.

Keywords: Urban expansion, Urban sprawl, Object-Based Image Classification, Change detection, Faridabad

1 2Md. Omar Sarif , Rajan Dev Gupta1&2Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj

1 2 [email protected] ; [email protected]

Abstract:

Lucknow City, the capital of Uttar Pradesh State, is experiencing high land use/ land cover changes due to explosive

population growth and its related effects. In present study, multi-spectral Landsat images of TM,OLI/TIRS of 9th June,

1993 and 1st June,2019 respectively are first pre-processed and then classified using ERDAS IMAGINE 2014. The

supervised classification is carried out using Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC). The overall classification

accuracy achieved for both classified images is more than 85%. The results indicate, maximum increase is observed

in built-up land and agriculture land observed the maximum decrease. During 1993-2019, city experienced increase

in built-up land by 138.25 km2 (43.80%), water body by 0.12 km2 (0.04%), barren land by 4.54 km2 (1.44%). At the

same time, agriculture land decreased by 140.74 km2 (44.59%) and forest land by 2.16 km2 (0.69%). The change

analysis (1993-2019) results reveal that the most of the transformation was because of Built-up land, in which mainly

contributed agriculture land by 109.31 km2 (34.63%), forest land by 18.69 km2 (5.92%). This trend explains there

markable alterations of LU/LC dynamic in city landscape. This study can help policy makers and urban planner for

creation of efficient plans to restore the urban environment.

Keywords: LU/LC, Landsat (TM, OLI/TIRS), Maximum Likelihood Classifier, Change Analysis, Lucknow City.

TREND ANALYSIS OF URBAN EXPANSION AND URBAN SPRAWL

DEVELOPMENT IN FARIDABAD CITY, HARYANA, INDIA

CHANGE ASSESSMENT OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF LAND

USE/LAND COVER USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS: A CASE STUDY OF

LUCKNOW CITY (1993-2019)

GNSS AND PS-INSAR BASED DEFORMATION MAPPING AND ANALYSIS OF

NAINITAL CITY

VARIATION OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN DIFFERENT URBAN

DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO: AN EVIDENCE FROM KOLKATA URBAN

AGGLOMERATION, INDIA

1 2 3 4A.B. Narayan, A.Tiwari , O. Dikshit, R. Dwivedib1,2&3Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur;

1,2&3 4(atiwari, onkar, nagaraj)@iitk.ac.in ; [email protected]

Abstract:

Analysis and mapping of deformation events in the lesser Himalayan region requires the complementary

application of space based survey accompanied by the terrestrial survey. This study presents a global navigation

satellite system (GNSS) and persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar (PS-InSAR) based

deformation mapping and monitoring approach for the Nainital city, lying in Uttarakhand, India. A set of 11 GNSS

stations were set up during three field visits to monitor deformation near the Naini lake. The coordinates of these

stations were measured, adjusted and detected for change for the period of observation. Further, 10 Sentinel-1

interferometric wide swath images of the study area were processed using the PS-InSAR method to obtain a one

dimensional line of sight (1D LOS) displacement. Both GNSS and PS-InSAR displacement estimates detect land

subsidence in the study area. The techniques were finally used to generate a deformation map of the study area.

Keywords: GNSS, PS-InSAR, Deformation mapping

1 2 3 Subrata Ghosh, Santanu Dinda and Nilanjana Das Chatterjee1,2&3Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal,

1 2 [email protected] , [email protected] and [email protected]

Abstract

Rapid urbanization process contributes to more urban micro-climate changes particularly the land surface

temperature (LST). Higher LST of urban areas compared to the surroundings is regarded as the effect of built-up

intensity, urban morphology, and features of the landscape structure. The phenomenon of urban heat island (UHI)

has become a major research area in various interrelated fields, including urban ecology, urban climatology and

urban geography. This study sought to examine the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and the

abundance and spatial pattern of built-up intensity in the Kolkata Urban Agglomeration (KUA) for four selected time

periods. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images of 1991, 2001 and 2011 and Operational Land Imager-8 (OLI-8)

images for 2017 are used for measurement of urban growth intensity and retrieval of the LST and validate using GPS

and infrared thermometer. It is seen that the built-up area has been increased from 322.68 km2 in 1991 to 982.86

km2 in 2017 and accordingly, LST also rises from 18.47 ˚C mean LST of 1991 to 23.30 ˚C mean LST of 2017. The

correlation coefficient among the built-up intensity and LST shows that the highest continuous increasing positive

relationship between NDBI and LST (R = 0.71). A scenario-based LST modeling has been done using ANOVA and

signifies that LST of core and dense built-up area are continuously rising. Moreover, multiple linear regression

model (MLR) is adapted to the prediction on LST with the variation of urbanization parameters. Finally, an ecological

zonation map has been produced using LST variation to show the most vulnerable zones for the study area.

However, the methodology and results presented in this paper can be useful for urban planning purposes because

LST monitoring is now an important parameter for sustainable urban planning.

Keyword: Built-up intensity; Land surface temperature; biophysical components; ANOVA; Kolkata Urban

Agglomeration.

4Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Prayagraj


ASSESSMENT OF URBAN GROWTH AND GREEN SPACE LOSS USING

MULTI-TEMPORAL LAND-USE TRANSITION MODEL: A STUDY IN

KOLKATA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION (KMC), WEST BENGAL

FUZZY-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF THERMAL FIELDS FOR MAPPING AND

CHARACTERIZATION OF UHI ZONES IN THE TROPICAL METROPOLIS OF

KOLKATA

1 2 3Santanu Dinda, Nilanjana Das Chatterjee and Subrata Ghosh

Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal1 2 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract

Green spaces afford urban residents with numerous environmental benefits through the mitigation of negative

impacts of urbanization and therefore, it regarded as a fundamental part of sustainable urban development.

However, rapid urban expansion has a significant role in the reduction of green space. This study aims to examine

the changes in urban green space (UGS) in multi-temporal land-use transition scenario and effort to predict the loss

of UGS in projected land use in Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), West Bengal. Multi-temporal Landsat data

(TM, ETM, and OLI-8) and Sentinel data are used in five selected time periods (1980, 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2018) for

land use land cover (LULC) mapping and quantification of UGS. The Markov chain model was applied to predict the

LULC and green areas. Four indicators are selected to understand the changes and correlations between urban

dynamics and loss of UGS, such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI),

fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). The land use transition of the

selected periods has been categorized into two segments: transfer-out from previous land categories and transfer-

in into current land categories. The results show that there was a significant negative correlation between NDBI and

other vegetation parameters. The LULC transition scenario shows that the built-up areas are continuously

expanding towards south, south-east and south-western part and simultaneously encroaching urban green space.

The dense and fragmented built-up areas were increased 36.04 and 41.72% during 1980 to 2018 and most of the

green areas were transferred into the built-up area. The current green areas of KMC are only 0.082% and it is

predicted to reach 0.013% in 2030. However, this study helps to quantify the dynamics of LULC in a rapid and loss of

UGS for sustainable urban planning.

Keywords : Urban dynamics; urban green space loss; Markov chain model; land-use scenario; Kolkata Municipal

Corporation.

1 2 3Soumendu Chatterjee, Apurba Dinda and Ansar Khan1&2Presidency University, Kolkata

3Lalbaba College, Belur

Abstract

The quantification and mapping of Urban Heat Islands (UHI) , particularly when attempted using satellite remote

sensing (SRS) images, still suffer from ambiguity due to lack of convergence among the urban climatologists in

defining the phenomena. This study adopts Mono-window algorithm (MWA) and Advanced MWA in deriving

summer and winter LST rasters from the LANDSAT TM5 (for 1996 and 2006) and LANDSAT OLI8 (for 2016) images of

the Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA). Pixels of the LST images are spatially aggregated to obtain thermal field

elements by implementing the fractal net evolution approach (FNEA) that ensures minimum homogeneity in both

shape and temperature for delineation of thermal objects. In order to make the LST rasters comparable over the


seasons and years temperature values of the thermal objects are rescaled between 0 and 1. The standardized

summer and winter LST layers for each of the years of 1996, 2006 and 2016 are then used to derive thermal

parameters including trend in summer and winter temperatures and that for the inter-seasonal variability. The

rasters thus obtained are engaged in a systematic classification scheme by use of fuzzy rules representing intensity,

potentiality and variability of the thermal elements. Results suggest that the thermal landscape of the KMA region

can be classified into six distinct micro-scale UHI zones each of which corresponds to a particular landuse

conversion pattern. The UHI map produced through this research is helpful for thermal management of the city of

Kolkata and other Indian cities of similar nature.

1 2 3 4Reshma R, Prasun Kumar Gupta, Siddharth Gupta, Shubham Pawar

Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehradun1 [email protected] , [email protected] ,


Abstract

These days our buildings are becoming more complex and spread. The increasing complexity and spread of

buildings needs an indoor positioning system for enabling the users to navigate within different parts of the building

with ease. Accurate indoor positioning is a major challenge since our GPS satellite signals are failing to reach inside

buildings. This project aims at the development of a mobile based application for providing accurate positioning

inside a particular building. The algorithm used is a modified version of ‘RSSI’ module built for python. This algorithm

performs a trilateration using the Wi-Fi signal strengths and known geographic positions of Wi-Fi routers to give the

user’s position with an accuracy of up to 10cm. The position and orientation of the user is then used to provide

indoor navigation assistance. With the addition of voice assistance this application will be useful for visually

impaired people.

Keywords: Indoor Positioning System, Wi-Fi Signal, Trilateration

Asif Musthafa

Sree Sankaracharya University, Ernakulam, Kerala

Abstract

Preserving the architectural marvels of the country in this digital era gained momentum with recent scientific

initiatives of the Government on Digital Heritage Mapping. The digital documentation helps in preserving the

engineering skills of our ancestors and can act as a testimony to the civilization of the past. With the heritage sites

prone to natural weathering, natural disasters, and aging digitally preserving the natural heritage become pertinent

for future generation. The digital documentation can be made possible with advanced geospatial technologies

which aid in capturing the minute architectural intricacies thus preserving the heritage eternally. Recently, advanced

geospatial technologies like LiDAR has revolutionized the way the architectural can be mapped with the capability of

mapping the third dimension resulting in 3D models.

Kerala has a unique architectural style that is in perfect harmony with the nature and the climatic condition

of the state. Following a vernacular architectural style, Kerala is home to famous palaces and forts whose

VOICE ASSISTED INDOOR NAVIGATION SYSTEM

USING MODIFIED RSSI MODULE

HERITAGE MAPPING USING LIDAR TECHNOLOGY FOR

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM OF KOYIKKAL PALACE

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM DISTRICT, KERALA


architecture is inspired by the royal dynasties as well as several colonies such as Portuguese, Dutch, Jews and British.

It is necessary to preserve the architectural marvel of the state digitally for the future generations. Over the last

decades, Digital preservation of cultural heritage sites is an important area of research since the accessibility of state

of the art techniques in computer vision and graphics. The conservation of architectural heritage usually requires a

multidisciplinary approach involving a variety of specialist expertise and techniques. Nevertheless, destructive

techniques should be avoided, wherever possible, in order to preserve the integrity of the historical buildings, also

the conventional GIS tools fail in those areas. Therefore the development of non-destructive and non-contact

techniques is extremely important. Advanced techniques in Remote Sensing have been developed, one such

technique is Light Detection & Ranging (LiDAR) sensors mainly used for 3-Dimensional-3D data collection. The

resulting product is a densely spaced network of highly accurate georeferenced elevation point (PC-Point Cloud

Data). LiDAR data is widely used to construct 3D models to provide a photorealistic impression of the environmental

and models of the building. In this project, Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) with integrated GPS is used for the

acquisition of a large number of high point density data for the initial work on 3D Heritage mapping of Koyikkal Place

in Thiruvananthapuram District of Kerala. A total number of 15 scans were taken which resulted in the 488,212,112

XYZ points. The recorded points were registered & georeferenced using the Differential Global Positioning System

(DGPS) points by the SCENE, a proprietary software. Then the points were classified based in the elevation and

reconstruction of the building using algorithms in MeshLab. From the processed data topographical layers like DEM,

Contour, and Bare earth model etc. have been generated using LasTools for further analysis and discussion.

Contour map using collected point cloud data was created which shows the topographic changes of ground and the

slope or gentleness of the study area The end product of the dissertation is to create a Photo Realistic walk-through

of the Koyikkal palace along with the Archaeological Information System (AIS) and that even visualized using the web

platform with the help of a Graphical User Interface (GUI).

1 2Biswajit Maity & Dr. Somnath Rudra1&2Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India


Abstract

The analysis of spatiotemporal characteristics and driving factors of regional land use has become a pivotal problem

for suitable and sustainable urban development. Asansol Municipal Corporation (AMC) is similar types of urban

agglomeration in West Bengal. The present study mainly focused on the analysis of land use land cover (LULC)

change, land transformation rate and expansion of built-up area for the year 1991, 2008 and 2018 using satellite

images of LANDSAT TM and OLI. Seven categories of LULC types have been classified using Gaussian maximum

likelihood classifier algorithm (GMLCA) and resulted values putting into the transitional probability matrix to show

the change detection of each land classes. The built-up area intensity index (BAII) and directional expansion of built

up area during 1991-2018 have been calculated to show the changing rate built-up area with direction. The result

indicates that the built-up area has drastically increased from 12.54% to 33.87% from 1991 to 2018 expanding

towards south west directionbut other land classes have a decreasing trend. Finally, this study concludes that the

least amount of vegetation cover and industry based urban expansion of this urban area might be threat to become

urban heat island in future. So, urban planners and researchers should have to take proper planning for urban

expansion and try to increase urban green infrastructure.

Keywords : Asansol Municipal Corporation; Urban landscape; Land use land cover change; Green Infrastructure; 3S

Techniques; Built-up Area Intensity Index

SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF URBAN LANDSCAPE IN ASANSOL

MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, WEST BENGAL, INDIA: A GEOSPATIAL

ANALYSIS


MAPPING DECADAL GROWTH OF POPULATION IN KERALA STATE FROM

1901-2011

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CHANGES IN LAND USE LAND COVER AND

LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE WITH NDVI AND NDBI USING LANDSAT

DATA FOR DEHRADUN DISTRICT OF GARHWAL REGION

1 2 3 4Deepthi.P, Dr. I.K.Manonmani, Ahalya Sukumar and B. Sukumar, 1&2Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai

3&4Centre for Earth Science Studies, [email protected]

Abstract

Study of growth of population at regional level is an important aspect of Population Geography. Growth of population

was varies from one state to another state in India. In this paper an attempt is made to map the growth of population

in Kerala state from 1901 to 2011. It shows the spatio-temporal and intra-regional variation of growth of population

for eleven decades. District is chosen as unit of study. There are 14 districts in Kerala. Percentage of growth of

population for each decade is collected from the Census of India. Statistical techniques like mean and standard

deviation were used to calculate standard score to normalize the data for each decade at district level. Using GIS,

thematic maps were prepared to show the spatial distribution of growth of population from 1901-11 to 2001-11.

From the study it is found that Idukki district shows high growth rate above state average in 1901-11. In

1951-61, decadal growth was found high in Kannur, Wayanad, Idukki, Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram districts

which were above the state average. In the decade 1991-2001, Kasaragod, Wayanad, Kozhikode, Malappuram,

Palakkad, Thrissur, Ernakulam and Thiruvananthapuram districts show high growth rate. In 2001-11, all the districts

in the northern part from Kasaragod to Ernakulam show high growth of population. Idukki and Pathanamthitta

districts show minus growth and rest of the southern districts show low growth of population.

1 2Apeksha Agarwal and MSS Rawat1&2HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand

[email protected]

Abstract

Land as a resource is required to fulfill the human needs since time immemorial but recently changes in land use

land cover is unprecedented at local, regional as well as at the world level and has brought major changes in

temperature, leading to unsustainable environments. The paper provides a systematic review of Landsat data with

TM/OLI-TIRS sensors to analyze the spatio-temporal changes in Land Use Land Cover classes and Land Surface

Temperature with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI)

for the summer period of 2009, 2014 and 2019 in Dehradun district of Garhwal region. LST retrieved by thermal data

analysis represents the distribution of surface temperature. The spatio-temporal pattern of LULC and LST indicates

that urban/built-up area has increased immensely and has higher temperature than the surrounding vegetated

areas, of which Dehradun city has recorded the highest temperature so far. The temperature varies with the

vegetation density. The negative correlation between LST and NDVI indicates that the green area can weaken the

effect of higher temperature over urban areas, while the positive correlation between LST and NDBI means that the

built-up land can strengthen the effect of the urban heat island in the study area. For cities to be sustainable, the

spatial spread and composition of urban growth needs to be regulated and constantly monitored.

Keywords : Land Use Land Cover, Land Surface Temperature, NDVI, NDBI, Urban/ Built-up, Landsat.


IDENTIFICATION OF SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL ZONE FOR PV

INSTALLATION - FINDING SMART WAY OF LIVING

GEOREFERENCED 3D MODELS FROM CROWD SOURCED DATA:

A CASE EXAMPLE OF QUTUB COMPLEX, INDIA

1 2 3 4Troyee Sarkara, Avijit Mondalb, Avijit Mondalc, Dr. Tapati Banerjee

National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation, Kolkata1 2 3 4 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract:

Smart City Mission for transforming India –a Government of India initiative to encourage citizen for smart and

healthy sustenance. As a part of this program use of renewable energy is recommended for reducing carbon

emission as well as to receive energy in a cost-effective manner. Solar panels are one of the most reliable sources of

renewable energy in India being its location to receive plenty of sunshine throughout the year. For this purpose a

study was conducted for site suitability analysis for PV installation at the roof top in a part of urbanscape in Southern

India. At the first step DSM is created from the high resolution imagery captured through UAV flying, ASR (Area Solar

Radiation) and Aspect have been created based on DSM. The major factors like Solar radiation (Direct and Diffused),

the latitude, elevation, aspect, shadows from objects from trees & buildings were considered for identifying such

zones. A model has been developed for an area of 16,630 square meters for identification of Solar Energy Potential

Zone using Erdas Imagine. It has been observed that the average solar radiation of this area is 2.85 KWh/m2/Day.

Similar study is also being conducted in Eastern India.

Keywords : Image processing, DSM, Aspect, Area Solar Radiation, Model.

1 2 3 4 5Siddharth Gupta, Hina Pande, Poonam S Tiwari, S. Raghavendra, S. Agrawal

Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehradun 1 2 3 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract

Crowd-sourced photogrammetric reconstructions offer a unique opportunity for the digital visualization of heritage

structures. Also the process of conservation and restoration of heritage sites need extensive field visits which are

not feasible in terms of the cost and work force required. In India this is a huge issue when considering the large

number of heritage sites out of which many are isolated and hard to reach due to low connectivity. This study

proposes an approach to digitally reconstruct heritage structures by textured 3D models that can be a valuable

source for visualization and documentation.

The technological improvements in mobile photography and internet connectivity now enables us to use

crowdsourcing for the data collection. The major challenge however is to preserve and maintain geometricfidelity

when using crowd sourced data.

This experiment aims at providing a pipeline for building a 3D model of heritage sites using images available

on the internet across various online media platforms and search engines. Qutub Minarin New Delhi is a recognized

UNESCO World Heritage site which attracts huge number of visitors and generates large number of crowdsourced

images. The study involves data preparation by elimination of redundant and blurry images followed by the point

cloud generation and its refinement for generating a 3D model. These models may be used as inputs for damage

detection and preservation activities.

Keywords: 3D documentation, Crowdsourcing, Photogrammetry, Close Range Photogrammetry.


OVERVIEW OF ENERGY SCENARIO FOR UPCOMING INDIAN SMART CITIES

CHANGE MONITORING OF URBAN BUILT-UP AREA USING GEOSPATIAL

AND GEOSTATISTICAL TECHNIQUES ON SILIGURI URBAN AREA

1 2 3Sukanya Ghosh, Dr. Deepak Kumar, Dr. Madhulika Singh1,2,3Amity Institute of Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing, Amity University, Noida


Abstract

In recent times smart cities has taken up full attention as it is expected that it will provide a high quality of life to its

inhabitants through optimal management of several resources. Although it is seen that the on growing negative

effects of fossil fuels along with the limited stock have forced planners or architects of smart cities to think towards

unconventional sources of energy for environment friendly alternatives. Thus, we see that energy management is

one of the most promising as well as challenging issue within urban framework which needs to be addressed with

significant attention. The current work tries to provide an overview of Indian smart cities situation to analyse the

existing and future energy scenario with help of geospatial technology. Geospatial techniques have been attempted

in various researches to assess the energy potentials in various urban scenarios but the present work emphasises

more towards smart cities for better spatial planning. The results of this research will provide the estimate of energy

required along with the potential to identify the spatial distribution of energies. This study may be useful for

developers or planners to identify new profitable areas in the long term energy security, energy accessibility,

diversification of energy fusion for enhancing clean environment and urban sustainability.

Keyword : Resources, Smart cities, Unconventional energy and Geospatial sciences.

1 2Suraj Kumar Mallick & Dr. Somnath Rudra1&2Vidyasagar University, Midnapore


Abstract

Unprecedented continuous peripheral urbanization throughout the Siliguri Urban Area (SUA) has changed the land

use pattern recently. Therefore, the rapid urban expansion scenario is a prerequisite to identify the change

monitoring of SUA built-up area. The present study has been prepared to evaluate the land use dynamics of past 20

years with the incorporation of geospatial and geostatistical techniques. For that purpose, the study has used land

use land cover (LULC) classification, LULC change detection analysis with transformation matrix to reveal the LULC

dynamics and Markov chain to calculate the transitional probability matrix that helps predict the future growth. The

prime focus of the study has implicated on spatial allocation and distribution of built-up over the area, so that

Maximum likelihood classification approach played a pivotal role to indicate the built-up dynamics. Finally, resulted

value has been simulated through fuzzy membership analysis to predict the allocation of built-up area with the

current trends and provide flexibility in the future growth. This study has concluded that the urban area had high

proportionality of leapfrog and infill development at the green-field zone in the peripheral areas and least amount

of lands came under the brown-field development zone at the centre including some of the squash areas.

Keywords: Siliguri urban area; Land use land cover change; Markov chain; Built-up dynamics; Leapfrog

development



ASSESSMENT OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT IN KOLKATA AND

SURROUNDING AREAS THROUGH SATELLITE DATA

Angana Roy

Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra.

[email protected]

Abstract

The present paper tries to identify Urban Heat Island effect of Kolkata and its surroundings. It also attempts to

detect change in urban heat environment spaced over a span of 15 years using data from Band 6 of Landsat TM 4-5

and Band 10 and 11 of Landsat 8 in the thermal infrared channel. Calculations of LST, NDVI and NDBI are also carried

out. Satellite images, all for the month of May in the years 2004, 2009, 2014 and 2019 were worked upon for the

study. Supervised classification is done to indicate the land use and land cover change for the following years to

show the urban heat island effect. The study considers the micro-climatic changes in

Kolkata metropolitan area by representing a 3D model of South City project. It monitors and evaluates, how the

vegetation is drastically replaced by sky scrapers which in turn makes the area an urban hot spot. The results of the

study were compared with the data acquired from Indian Meteorological Department, Regional Meteorological

Centre, Kolkata and they were more or less in agreement with each other.

Sub Theme-7

New Age Cartography in Web Services &

Applications

CRIME PREDICTION USING ADVANCED GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES:

A STUDY IN WEST BENGAL

Nilanjana Das Chatterjee and Priyanka Biswas


[email protected]

Abstract

Geospatial techniques together with RS, GIS, GPS, cartography, and spatial statistics are being used to capture,

store, manipulate and analyze various information to understand complex situations and artificial intelligence.

These techniques are in use in various fields of physical as well as social sciences like climatology, ecology and

forestry, environmental management, health and security etc. all over the world. The present research work tries to

test criminological theories with the help of these advanced techniques which is popularly known as environmental

criminology. The present research focused on the issue of Crime Against Women (CAW). Big data sets were prepared

by vivid empirical survey and case studies covering 23 districts of west Bengal. The objective of this research is to

predict most crime prone areas (for CAW) of west Bengal. For indepth analysis of spatial pattern of CAW in West

Bengal, spatial hotspot of three dominant CAW i.e. eve teasing and molestation, trafficking, and rape were predicted

using big data sets derived from field data, govt reports and newspaper archives. Fuzzy TOPSIS, Kernel Density and

AHP etc were used for spatial modelling of CAW. Crime Stat, Erdas Imagine and Arc Gis software are used for

Geographic profiling, crime mapping and statistical analysis. Kernel density estimation method is applied for getting

crime hotspots. For analysing qualitative information on nature of crime and responsible factors NVivo 12Plus

software is used.The result shows distinct pattern of distribution of crime in West Bengal. Crime prediction can play

an important role in the policing and crime reduction process, from the first stage of data collection through to the

monitoring and evaluation of any targeted response. It can also act as an important mechanism in a more pivotal

preliminary stage, that of preventing crime by helping in the design of initiatives that are successful in tackling a

crime problem. Moreover it can help academics, researchers and practitioners who are involved or interested in this

study.

Keywords: Crime Prediction, Environmental Criminology, Spatial clusters, Kernel density, AHP, Fuzzy TOPSIS


POSTERS

CAUSES AND EFFECTIVE POSSIBLE SOLUTION OF FLOODING IN PATNA

Shashi Kumar

Survey of India, Bihar GDC, Patna.

Abstract

Patna City is situated on the southern bank of river Ganga and straddles the river son, Gandak & Punpun.

Causes For Flooding :

a. Natural Reason: Heavy Rainfall in cart three four days caused overflow of water in drains, Nalas and

underground Sewer Line.

b. Man Made: Encroachment over Natural Nalas and blockage of Nala etc caused the flood. For better analysis of

this flood we can go by this.

Requirement: High Resolution Satellite imagery of flooded area before and after the flood. By comparing these two

high resolution satellite imageries one can easily understand the natural drainage system, man made drainage

system, direction of flow of water and encroachment there on.

� Encroachment and slitting caused by mud, Polythene, Garbage etc has obstructed the natural

� Flow of water caused flood like situation in many part and VIP areas.

� Identification of Problematic areas on the image, low line areas on the imagery having possibility of water

logging etc. and clearance of Encroachment and cleaning of drainage in this areas.

� Identification of natural slope by providing network of BMs using HP Leveling in ill developed colonies and there

connection to the main drain will help in create a network of sloped/drainage system where excess of water can

be easily diverted to either main drains or rivers to avoid flood.

� A GIS ready map of Patna City’s showing all drainage network, sewer Line, canal network and there

connection/termination to rivers with help in fighting this type of situation in future.

� Establishment of high capacity pump and Sump houses on well identified location’s at nala junctions, drain

junctions having highest on depart slope will help in pumping out excess water.

� Details survey of Ganga and Punpun river banks and generation of DTM/DEM of atleast 7 Km. Strip of both banks

will be greatly help to fight flood in future. It will help in study the reason of flooding by river Ganga during rainy

season. From these DTM/DEM modules a imagery flood Line/Flood zone can also be generated using GIS tools.

� This 3d model will help in locating points to establish high capacity pumps/sumps houses.

� A Large scale map (GIS ready) of river Ganga as marked in point (f) will also help in monitoring the free flow of

water continuous and regular update of data of this map using latest satellite imagery will help in identifying all

encroachment, possible threat to existing drains water channels etc. chocking of drains etc and will ensure free

flow of water from drainage channel to river and will reduce the risk of flooding in the city area.

Keywords : Flooding, Satellite Imagery, GIS.

SUB THEME: ADVANCES IN GEOSPATIAL DATA GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES


EVALUATING DYNAMICS OF URBAN HEAT PATTERN DUE TO

TRANSITION OF URBAN BLUE-GREEN SPACES USING GEOSPATIAL

TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINED URBANISATION

Dr Deepak Kumar

Amity University, Noida

[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

Background: Due to rapid urbanization in developing countries, the majority of population have started shifting in

the cities in search of better living space. However, due to large incoming of populations at a very close proximity to

each other gives rise to various other issues like environmental degradation and substandard quality of living. Even

these problems are highly temporal and spatial variable by nature but it influences each and every aspect of the

urban areas. Hence, a methodical study is requisite to capture the implications of these phenomenon occurring in

the urban areas. Moreover, in these context now a day’s people have started to use the geospatial technology to

reduce the effort of data collection. Therefore, keeping all these issues and implications into background the current

study tries to unwarp the mysteries behind each and every phenomenon happening behind the urban

environment.

Research Questions/Hypothesis: The study aims to familiarize the role of geospatial technology to spatially

identify and assess the constituents of urban blue-green spaces for urban heat pattern within the urban areas. The

study presents a case study of New Delhi, India to examine: (a) the diversity and spatial distribution of urban blue-

green clusters; (c) the diversity of various environmental problems raising in each cluster (b) the identify the linkages

between dynamics of urban heat pattern with reference to transition in urban blue-green spaces.

Methods: The current work utilizes a quantitative research scheme and utilizes geospatial data processing and

analysis software package to analyze the satellite datasets. The current work initially tries to enlighten towards the

problems raised due to dynamics of urban heat pattern generated within the urban areas and pivotal role of urban

blue-green spaces in these line. So the sustainable urbanization can be achieved to reduce the economic imperative

for development of any urban area. Traditionally, the dynamics of urban heat pattern analyzes the trends of urban

heat island scenarios of urban environments to provide a historical perspective in the spatio-temporal context. It is

able to provide a better understanding of the urban heat island scenarios occurring due dynamic behavior of urban

heat. These dynamics of urban heat pattern are also dependent on the urban blue-green spaces, thus it also

emphasizes on the spatio-temporal mapping of the urban areas showing various phenomenon.

Results: This work tries to validate the idea of ‘healthy blue-green space’ through precise management of urban

blue-green space to improve resilience towards various environmental issues. The result of current work visualizes

the spatial distribution of urban blue-green areas and apparent areas under threat to environmental disturbances.

It will also present the distribution pattern characteristic urban heat dynamics in the urban environment as an

indicator of the ecological process in urban landscape. The result illustrates that urbanized areas have their gradient

characteristics along urban- rural fragments and the percentage of landscape & patch density of high temperature,

sub high temperature and low temperature show their gradient characteristics apparently. High temperature type

was the dominant class in urban core, while sub medium temperature and low temperature type was the main heat

landscape type in urban blue-green areas. In the urban fringe, heat pattern showed very complex result from the

various land use. This study also indorsed the approach of integration of urban heat dynamics analysis a reliable

and useful tool for heat monitoring.

SUB THEME: LAND, WATER & FOREST RESOURCES MAPPING


Conclusions/Implications: It is expected that the current research will augment the future urban landscape

development using geospatial technology for resolving urban environment issues. This work also lays foundation

for landscape metrics and gradient analysis of urban heat dynamics in the urbanized areas.

Keywords: Environmental Development, Geospatial Technology, Urban Blue-Green Space, Urban Heat Island,

Landscape

1 2Chandan Surabhi Das and Kalyan Kumar Mandal 1Barasat Govt. College, North 24 Pgs,


Abstract

Sundarban, a single largest mangroves block in the world, shared by India and Bangladesh, has rich biodiversity that

provides staggering ecosystem services to local inhabitants for livelihood. . The present article reviews the

environmental characteristics and biological diversities of the Sundarban in general and the present status of

mangroves in particular. Degradation of forest was occurred since last 200 years or more mainly due to large scale

reclamation in Indian part and reckless cutting of trees as well as poaching of wildlife in Bangladeshi part. During

1873–1933 the Sundarban forest was reduced from 7500 km2 to 6000 km2. After that, forest coverage was been

reduced by 0.04% per year during 1926/28–1995. Over the past two decades, remote sensing techniques has played

crucial role in mapping and understanding changes in the aerial extent and spatio-temporal pattern of mangrove

forests. During 1995 to 2015, approximately 1.2% of forest lost was identified in Bangladeshi Sundarban by multi-

temporal satellite data. However, reserve forest of Sundarban as a whole (both India and Bangladesh) is showing an

insignificant sign of degradation. This success story was generally due to the management and protection status of

the Sundarban in both the countries particularly after 1990s, including the ban on clear cutting and forest

encroachment.

Keywords: Sundarban, mangrove ecosystems, degradation, remote sensing techniques, multi-temporal satellite

data

Dr. Jatisankar Bandyopadhyay, Anurupa Paul, Kushal Nayak, Subrata Sarkar, Suman Das & Joydeb Sardar


[email protected]

Abstract

Sundarban is a unique bio-geographical region of the estuarine delta of the Ganga river systems. The region is

fronted by the Bay of Bengal and separated by several distributary channels of the Ganga delta into interdistributary

flood basins. The active part of the delta region is forested by mangroves and criss-crossed by tidal creeks and

inundated by tides twice daily. The low-laying inter tidal region of elevation ranging from 1.7 meters to 4.25 meters is

now partially forested and remaining areas are reclaimed by long earthen embankments for various land use

practices by extensive settlements. The present study area is extended from the Hooghly river mouth to Matla river

CURRENT STATUS OF MANGROVE FORESTS IN THE TRANS-BOUNDARY

SUNDARBAN: A GEOSPATIAL APPROACH

ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION DIVERSITY OF SUNDARBAN

ESTUARINE DELTA: AN ASSESSMENT OF BIO-DIVERSITY AND IMPACT OF

AILA CYCLONE HAZARD

2Kalinagar Mahavidyalaya, North 24 Pgs


mouth including Sagar Island, Namkhana Abad, Kakdwip, Patharpratima blocks of reclaimed areas and Prentice,

Lothian, Rakshaskhali and Dhonchi Islands of dense mangrove forests. The river systems of the Hooghly,

Muriganga, Saptamukhi, Thakuran and Matla with their seasonal freshwater flows, sediment inputs and tidal mixing

behavior control the geomorphology and hydrology of the estuarine delta. The advancing sea(Bay of Bengal) with

waves, tides, currents and wind storm are producing the erosion and depositional processes at the sea face of the

region. Finally, the physical settings and geochemical properties of soil and water are studied for the region to

suggest the sustainable development of reclaimed areas and forested areas of the Sundarban.

Keywords : Bio-Geographical, Tidal Creeks, Mangroves, Waves, Tides, Currents and Wind Storm

1Zarjij Alam, 1&2Panskura Banamali College, West Bengal,


Abstract

The migration phenomenon is a major concern in the international border region of the contemporary world,

especially in Indo-Bangladesh border. After the independence of India in 1947 and Bangladesh in 1971, the

international divides leads to migrate people between two countries. Border region of West Bengal is suitable for

agricultural activities and large number of immigrants prefer to settle near border region.The spatial pattern of border

blocks of West Bengal is divided into 1. Northern sub-Himalayan region, 2. Lower Gangetic plain, 3. Deltaic and

Sundarbans region. These three regions are different from each other in respect to physio-environmental

characteristics that also determine the pattern of migration of the study area. The analysis is based on secondary data

collected from different sources i.e., Census of India, various district statistical hand book, remote sensing data and

published articles. The statistical data have been analysed through Exceldata tools and GIS techniques for cartographic

presentation of the study. This paper seeks to analyse the spatial and temporal variation of shifting migration pattern

of Indo-Bangladesh border blocks of West Bengal which influences the spatio-temporal abnormalities in the growth

rate and density distribution pattern of population due to migration and its effect on economy.

Keywords: International border, migration, population change, economy mapping tools.

1 2 3Debasis Ghosh, Mrinal Mandal, Manas Karmakar1&3 2University of Calcutta, West Bengal, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal


Abstract

In the era of 21st century, rapid population growth and increasing demand of fundamental needs have encouraged

the land use-land cover change. The main aim of present study is to estimates the land use-land cover change in

Baghmundi block of Purulia district. Baghmundi C.D. Block is situated in the western part of West Bengal and

important for mineral and forest resource. USGS Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) acquired in 1999, 2009 and

MIGRATION PATTERN AND POPULATION CHANGE: A SPATIO-TEMPORAL

ANALYSIS ALONG INDO-BANGLADESH BORDER BLOCKS OF WEST

BENGAL THROUGH MAPPING TOOLS

ASSESSMENT OF LAND USE - LAND COVER CHANGE USING PRIMARY

TRANSITION MATRIX ON GIS ENVIRONMENT: A STUDY FROM

BAGHMUNDI C.D. BLOCK, PURULIA, WEST BENGAL

2Nirmalya Das


Landsat8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) from 2019, are used for analysing the land use-land cover change during

last 20 years (1999 -2019). Land Change Modeller (LCM) is applied to find out the land type change during last 20

years. Primary transition matrix is used to compute Grain and loss of area for each land. Overall accuracy and Kappa

co-efficient are also used to validate the land use categorization of 2019. The results of LCM indicated that 58.65 km2

vegetation cover are decline in 2019 with comparison to 1999 and bare land abruptly increase at a rate of 1.58%

from 2009 to 2019. The Kappa value proved that there is an almost perfect agreement between land-use

classification and ground truth reference data. Rapid alterations of land cover affect the natural balance and

hampered the environment.

Keywords: Land Use-Land Cover, Land Change Modeller (LCM), Primary Transition Matrix,

1Tanmoy Karan, 1Panskura Banamali College, West Bengal,

3Sister Nibedita Govt. General Degree College for Girls, Kolkata, 1 2 3 [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract

Geographical environment of Egra subdivision of Purba Medinipur of West Bengal is one of the favourable area for

agriculture. Mainly the soil is more fertile which helps in the extensive crop production. But in reality, it is observed

that the extensive crop production is only available during rainy season due to the sufficient availability of water

where as in the dry season, except irrigated land, many lands are not cultivated due to the lack of water inspite of the

suitable environmental condition. As a result, farmers lose more agricultural products. This study illustrates the

irrigation system of Egra subdivision on mouza basis of the selected irrigated and non-irrigated land during

different season. Another focus of the study is given on cropping pattern of study area in relation to irrigation

system. Remote sensing and GIS is most powerful tools for this analysis.

Keywards: Agriculture, seasonal irrigation, cropping pattern, remote sensing and GIS.

1 2Swapan Paul Chandan, Surabhi Das1 2West Bengal State University, Barasat Government College,


Abstract

Above-ground biomass (AGB) in mangrove species refers to the sum total of stem, branch and leaf biomass that are

exposed above the soil. Remote sensing and GIS are most effective technology to derive a biomass map using linear

regression. In the present study, the remote sensing data were analyzed and tested together with forest inventory

data such as DBH (Diameter at breast height), Height, Basal area, Volume of tree, Biomass of the tree. The field data

can be taken using clinometers, caliper and GPS device. Stand volume estimates were converted to above ground

tree biomass using allometric equations. Biomass estimation was carried out for two dominant mangrove species

(Avicennia alba and Sonneratia apetala) in western and eastern Sundarban having distinct salinity zones. The AGB of

CRITERIA BASED SELECTION OF IRRIGATED-NON IRRIGATED LAND FOR

AGRICULTURAL PATTERN OF EGRA SUBDIVISION OF PURBA MEDINIPUR

DISTRICT: A REMOTE SENSING AND GIS ANALYSIS

ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS ESTIMATION USING GEOINFORMATICS: A

CASE STUDY OF SUNDARBAN RESERVE FOREST IN INDIA.

2 3Jatisankar Bandyopadhyay, Sayantani Mukhopadhyay, 2Vidyasagar University, West Bengal,


the mangrove species was relatively higher in the western region compared to the eastern region. The impact of

salinity in the tidal zones of Sundarban is significant since it controls the distribution of mangrove species and

productivity of the forest considerably. Significant negative correlation was observed between biomass of

Sonneratia apetala and salinity, whereas in case of Avicennia alba positive correlations were observed. In the above

ground structures of both the species, the allocation of biomass ranges between 60 and 65% to stem, 20 to 25% to

branch and 10 to 14% to leaf.

Keywords : Above-ground biomass, mangrove species, diameter at breast height, basal area

1 2Debabrata Mondal, Abira Dutta Roy, 1 2Vivekananda College, Bankura Zilla Saradamani Mahila Mahavidyapith

Abstract

The Indian Sundarban is vulnerable to frequent cyclones almost every year. But the impacts of cyclone Sidr in 2007

and Aila in 2009 in the recent decades have had a devastating impact not only on the ecosystem but also on the

livelihoods of the people dependent of inland aquaculture, agriculture, livestock rearing and non timber forest

products. This paper endeavours to understand the status of environmental degradation with the help of ASTER

data of pre and post Aila in Gosaba block. Various band ratioing indices were usedto study soil conditions, water

qualities and forest resource conditions from the remotely sensed data in conjunction with ground truthing. The

villages of the Gosaba block which depicted the instances of high degradation were demarcated. A questionnaire

survey was also conducted to identify the socio-economic condition pre and post the cyclones in those vulnerable

villages and also to identify the resilience techniques adapted by the people. From the analysis it was found that

most agricultural lands were degraded due to high salt water ingression and have been converted to aquacultural

ponds as a resilient measure. Availability of both timber and non timber products have also become rare in these

villages. River bank erosions, which have led to loss of farmlands have been nearly impossible to mitigate and adjust

to, resulting in out migration of many villagers. As a result there is an imperative requirement of micro-level planning

for sustainable development in these regions where remote sensing plays and inevitable role.

Keywords: Sundarbans, cyclones, resilience, Gosaba, ASTER

Ravikant Kumar

Survey of India, Bihar GDC, Patna

Abstract

Natural hazard related issues; transportation and communication, planning for housing and development of

infrastructure are more prominent areas of concern where proper decision making and policy framing is essential

for effective functioning and development. As studies suggest that for making effective policy governments have

been working consistently with collaboration of science and technology from several years. Findings of more than

fifty research articles confirm the facts that how geographical survey contribute a lot in different aspect of decision

making and policy framing. It was observed that geographical survey works in different scales like regional, local,

national and international level to gather data regarding changing characteristic of environment and location, which

can help for taking decision related to different areas like urban and resource management, establishment of

ASSESSING IMPACT OF CYCLONES ON THE LIVELIHOODS OF THE

PEOPLE OF GOSABA IN INDIAN SUNDARBANS

ROLE OF GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY ON EFFECTIVE POLICY MAKING:

A THEORETICAL REVIEW


industry and business firm, pollution control, dispute resolution related to geographical region and location. Apart

from that geographical survey play significant role in the area of water resource management for the purpose of

agriculture, industry and domestic use. The present study tried to make a bridge between technology and

government as well as academia and business.

Keywords: Policy making, Geographical Survey, Science and Technology

1Mun Mun Nandy, 1Hijli College, Kharagpur,


Abstract

Education is the pillar of social and economic development of a society. Unless and until a society is literate and

awared, it can never progress further. According to Indian Census, a person who can read and write a simple

message in any language with understanding is considered as literate. The present paper tried to analyze the

difference in literacy between male and female in rural areas of Purulia district of West Bengal where concentration

of indigenous people are more than the other district of the state. This paper focuses on the present literacy status

of the tribals with the spatio-temporal factors of changes in the literacy status of the ST population of the various

blocks of the district from 1991 to 2011. The analysis is based on secondary data collected from different sources i.e.,

Census of India, District Statistical Handbook and published articles. The various data have been analysed through

Excel data tools and represented through GIS techniques for cartographic representation of the study. The study will

also highlight the abnormalities in the growth of literacy rate amongst the tribals in the district and suggest

measures for overcoming them.

Keywords: Literacy, spatio-temporal change, geographical factors, statistical analysis, cartographic representation.

1 2Soumen Ghosh and Souvik Biswas1 2The University of Burdwan, Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change


Abstract

River Ichamati is a tidal river in the North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. The major anthropogenic

interferences found along the downstream course of the river are unmethodical growth of brick kilns, construction of

embankment, erection of bridge pillars on river bed, sand mining and channelization activities for irrigation which

have direct or indirect impact on hydrological and morphological characteristics of the river. This study tries to

highlight the role of human activities in relation to change of channel characteristics of the river Ichamati in last four

decades. Different channel characteristics of the river studied from multi-temporal Landsat images of 1976, 1996

and 2016. An intensive field survey was also conducted to measure different hydrological parameters of the river and

identified various types of human interventions on the river. The study reveals that natural mobility of the river is

controlled by pre-delineated limit of brick kilns along the riverbank which affects natural shifting and migration of the

river. The river flow is interrupted due to erection of several bridge pillars and other human activities. The extractions

of huge amount of sediment enrich tidal water decrease discharge as well as carrying capacity of the river. The river is

AN ANALYSIS AND MAPPING OF LITERACY STATUS OF THE TRIBALS OF

PURULIA DISTRICT OF WEST BENGAL

IMPACT OF ANTHROPOGENIC INTERFERENCES ON CHANNEL

CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER ICHAMATI, WEST BENGAL, INDIA

2Nirmalya Das,2Panskura Banamali College, West Bengal


gradually decaying as a result of continuous siltation of sediment within the channel that results further upliftment of

the riverbed and subsequently changes of the channel planform. Therefore, scientific management approach

urgently needs to implement to control imprudent human interventions on the river for its future sustainability.

Keywords: River Ichamati, Human interventions, Channel characteristics, River decaying

1 2Bharati Hazarika and Bimal K. Kar1&2Gauhati University

[email protected]

Abstract

As a focal point of population concentration, an urban area, being associated with rapid increase of population and

transformation of economy, often exerts tremendous pressure on its fringe areas. In fact, rapidly growing urban

areas bring about multiplicity of non-agricultural functions and attract large number of people from both nearby

and distant areas. When the phenomenon of population growth and urban functions reaches its sustainable limit,

the process of urbanisation extends beyond municipal limit through marked change in population concentration,

economic activities and land use land cover in the form of urban sprawl. The situation in the case of Nagaon town of

Assam, having a population size of 1.2 lakh as per 2011 Census, is no less different. After having doubled its

population during 1971-2011, the Nagaon town landscape has been spreading fast into the surrounding rural areas

with transformation of economies and living environments. With this perspective this paper attempts to

understand the trend of population growth in Nagaon town during 1971-2011 and to examine the changing socio-

economic character and land use land cover in its fringe areas. The study is based on secondary data from Census of

India for the period 1971-2011 and primary data collected through household survey of nine fringe villages using

random sampling technique during 2016-17. The study of land use land cover change has been based on Landsat

data for 1980, 2000 and 2018. The data so obtained have been processed, analysed and represented using

appropriate statistical, remote sensing and cartographic techniques.

Keywords : Socio-economic transformation, land use land cover, urban fringe.

1 2Debaroti Das, Dr. Sandhya Bhaduri1 2P.N. Das College, Palta, West Bengal, NATMO, Kolkata

[email protected]

Abstract

One major problem of modern urban sprawls is managing solid waste which is in general domestic garbage, refuse

and sludge. In ancient history, there are evidences of surface drainage system within a limited local area, as revealed

from the study of early civilization of Babylon, Mesopotamia, Minoans, Indus valley.

The modern township, urban areas and cities are emerged with critical problems of solid waste management in

the backdrop of rapid population growth after 19th Century. Almost all the cities and urban areas of our country is faced

with the challenges of the huge solid waste generated by the urban populace under a compelling situation of limited

land area available and technologically viable solutions to treat the solid waste be it-degradable and non-degradable.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION AND LAND USE / LAND COVER

CHANGE IN THE FRINGE VILLAGES OF NAGAON TOWN, ASSAM

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT A CHALLENGE TO THE ADVANCING

URBANIZATION-A CASE STUDY NORTH DUM DUM MUNICIPALITY,

NORTH24 PARAGANAS, WB, INDIA


This paper is a humble attempt to cite the example of such problems afflicting municipalities under most

thickly populated part of Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA). This study has been made on only waste dump site used

by 3 municipalities and a treatment plant as it has been stated by the competent authorities. The survey is

conducted over an area of 20 sq km under North Dum Dum Municipality (NDDM) having a population of 2,55,000

according to 2011 census. The study is carried out at Promodnagar waste dumping site and treatment plant of

NDDM at Sibachal. The study reveals that the waste dumping ground of Promodnagar (Dum Dum Cantonment) is

very poorly maintained without essential infrustructure for terrestrial spread of the waste and survillience system

such as shallow depth quality monitoring of groundwater as per the guidance of Central Pollution Control

Board(CPCB).The study also recommends a few measures may be adopted by the concerned authorities as a

measure of improvement.

Keywords : Solid waste, compactor, leachate, organic waste, CPCB.

1 2D.R. Dahal & Iyatta M. Uprety1&2Government College Rhenock-Rungdung

[email protected]

Abstract

The Teesta basin of Sikkim in the Eastern Himalaya hosts around 84 glaciers, 534 lakes, 104 turbulent rivers and

more than 700 springs in the wide-ranging eco-belts of Teesta in Sikkim. Its catchments in Sikkim are predominantly

covered by snow, ice and the glaciers. Owing to rugged topography and the slope of the land, the turbulent rivers

—Teesta and the Rangit flows towards North- South direction, after descending from the slopes of Mt. Phuri, Mt.

Kabru Dome (6,545m) and Mt. Rathong (6,678m) in the NNW and NNE part of the state. As of now, 104 rivers, 84

valley glaciers, snow fields and 534 lakes have been mapped using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The alpine

areas of North, West and East districts of Sikkim are mostly covered by snow, ice and the glaciers.

Gomorphologically, North and West district of Sikkim have large size valley glaciers, glacial, supra-glacial & moraine-

dammed lakes. In the recent past, size of 14 potentially dangerous glacial/moraine-dammed lakes has remarkably

increased owing to rapid deglaciation, ice calving, increase temperature, drought, forest fire incidences,

deforestation and the anthropogenic activities. An estimated 834 ha of forested land was diverted for the

developmental related activities in Sikkim including construction of hydro power projects, pharmaceutical units,

sand mining, hospitals, and the transmission lines etc.

Key words : GIS, Teesta, Sikkim Himalaya, Fresh Water Resources, glaciers & lakes.

1 2P. Baby, Dr P. Sujatha1&2Bharathi Women’s College

Abstract

Tourism is an industry committed to make a low impact on the environment and local culture, while to uplift the

living standard of the permanent residents of the area. The main motto of tourism is to ensure that development is a

positive experience for local people.

MAPPING OF FRESH WATER RESOURCES OF TEESTA BASIN IN SIKKIM

USING GIS TECHNIQUES

ROLE OF ENVIRONMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN

ANDAMAN ISLANDS - A CASE STUDY OF BARATANG ISLAND


Andaman and Nicobar islands, located in the east of the Indian mainland geographical, float in splendid

isolation in the Bay of Bengal. Its covered with dense rain-fed, damp and evergreen forests and endless varieties of

exotic flora and fauna. This paper enlightens on the infrastructure and the problem in accessibility of Diglipur

Island.The primary and secondary data has been used for the present study. 50 questionnaires have been collected

on the study area and transferred into data by using SPSS as a tool. This results suggests that the importance of

developing of the tourist destinations in Diglipur Island to attract more and more tourists. So that the tourism

industry of the island near by places will be boasted.

Keywords : Tourism, Environment, Infrastructure, Accessibility and Attract

Dr. Balak Ram

Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur

[email protected]

Abstract

In fragile hot arid ecosystem, natural resources are very poor, scarce and much prone to degradation. Burgeoning

population and increased demand for land based products in recent past, led to overexploitation of natural

resources and environmental degradation. In view of the above, an attempt has been made to address the district

level human activities and their consequences on health and quality of natural resources in Arid Western Rajasthan.

Both positive as well as negative impacts are discussed. District level natural resources and their impact on physical

environment, economy and livelihood, are examined using large multifaceted data and modern technologies.

Development of irrigation through canals and extracting more ground water increased agricultural production to a

tune of 14.41 million tons during 2016-17 but rendered 62 Development Blocks over exploited. Irrigation with

saline/sodic water rendered hectares of land out of cultivation while excessive irrigation in IGNP led to water

logging. Mining activities too developed at larger scale. Total production from 31 minerals in 2012-13 reached to

155.19 million tons. Production of 8.7 lakh metric tonnes of crude oil and 3.7 (MMSCMD) gas from Barmer–Sanchor

Basin is another land mark development. However, such mineral extraction, processing and dumping have created

fresh wastelands. Industrial effluents from textile dyeing and printing industries polluted river bed and badly

affected irrigation wells. Shrinkage, encroachment and degradation of pastures and forest is another negative

impact. Strategies and technologies are given for rehabilitation and sustainable development and management of

neglected and degraded natural resources.

Shakti Pada Mandal

Visva-Bharati, Santi Niketan (WB)

[email protected]

Irrigation is an important factor for determining the water balance and cropping pattern of a region. The present

study is confined on Simlapal block of Bankura district, West Bengal to observe the spatial pattern of agri-irrigation

pattern and rural development strategies. That provides a clear areal differentiation on agriculture, which also gives

opportunity to future planning to establish more suitable irrigation and agricultural planning for rural development

of this region. The paper gives details on irrigation water management for major crops in Simlapal block, like rice,

wheat, potato, mustard and vegetables. Irrigation is implemented through various methods, such as tank, well, river

IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON NATURAL RESOURCES IN ARID

WESTERN RAJASTHAN

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURE AND WATER FOR RURAL

PLANNING IN SIMLAPAL BLOCK OF BANKURA DISTRICT


lift, deep tube well, shallow tube well. The data were obtained through participation in different formal sessions

conducting in depth personal interviews with officials as well as with farmers. The farmers were selected randomly;

the sample contained two hundred and fifty of them as primary sources and agricultural census data also used from

secondary sources.

This paper also aims to identify the water related issues in Simlapal block of West Bengal in context of

sustainable development for rural planning. Simlapal block already started realizing the water stress, per capita

fresh water availability continues to be declined. The block suffers from water scarcity along with plenty due to

misuse and abuse of water resources. The demand supply situation also depicts a continuous deficit in future. A

region-specific action plan has been presented for sustainable water resource management considering spatial and

inter-temporal problems. Lastly, the paper concludes on sustainable agriculture and rural development,

approaches and importance to integrated water resource management, indigenous crop pest management, the

management of common property natural resources, mixed cropping and forest gardens to face the challenges of

water resources likely to be confronted by our future generations.

Keywords : Deep Tube Well, River Lift Irrigation, Shallow Tube Well, Sustainable Development, Water Resource

Management.

Pinki Mandal (Sahoo)

Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, West Bengal State University, West Bengal

[email protected]

Abstract

Destructive natural events occur regularly across the world; among those floods are the most common and

widespread of all natural disasters. India is among one of the top ranking countries prone to floods in the world.

Floods cause damage to houses, industries, public utilities and property resulting in huge economic losses, apart

from loss of lives. The flood damages can be minimized only by adopting suitable structural and non-structural

measures. Therefore for a recurrent flood event, vulnerability assessments are necessary, which is a combined

impact of exposure, susceptibility and resilience of the local communities to a flooded condition. The present study

area is the lower reaches of Shilai river in Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. Shilai river is a tributary of

Hooghly river and it is responsible for recurrent destructive flood in every year in Ghatal subdivision. This lower

reaches are annually flooded double or triple cropped region, with sedimented flow path of Shilai river along with

excessive bank erosion occurrence which requires some better technological know-how to withstand flood so that

the regions’ resource can be rationally utilised. Therefore the application of Geoinformation science along with

qualitative and quantitative techniques is apt for assessing the flood vulnerability of the study area as well as in

adapting disaster resilience strategies.

Keywords : Vulnerability, Exposure, Susceptibility, Resilience, Geo-information.

APPLICATION OF GEOINFORMATION SCIENCE IN FLOOD

VULNERABILITY MANAGEMENT IN THE LOWER REACHES OF SHILAI

RIVER IN PASCHIM MEDINIPUR DISTRICT OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA


MAPPING OF FRESH WATER RESOURCES OF TEESTA BASIN IN SIKKIM

USING GIS TECHNIQUES

APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHICAL

INFORMATION SYSTEM IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: A STUDY

OF DHULE DISTRICT IN MAHARASHTRA.

1 2D.R. Dahal & Iyatta M. Uprety1&2Government College Rhenock-Rungdung

[email protected]

Abstract

The Teesta basin of Sikkim in the Eastern Himalaya hosts around 84 glaciers, 534 lakes, 104 turbulent rivers and more

than 700 springs in the wide-ranging eco-belts of Teesta in Sikkim. Its catchments in Sikkim are predominantly covered

by snow, ice and the glaciers. Owing to rugged topography and the slope of the land, the turbulent rivers —Teesta and

the Rangit flows towards North- South direction, after descending from the slopes of Mt. Phuri, Mt. Kabru Dome

(6,545m) and Mt. Rathong (6,678m) in the NNW and NNE part of the state. As of now, 104 rivers, 84 valley glaciers,

snow fields and 534 lakes have been mapped using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The alpine areas of North,

West and East districts of Sikkim are mostly covered by snow, ice and the glaciers. Gomorphologically, North and West

district of Sikkim have large size valley glaciers, glacial, supra-glacial & moraine-dammed lakes. In the recent past, size

of 14 potentially dangerous glacial/moraine-dammed lakes has remarkably increased owing to rapid deglaciation, ice

calving, increase temperature, drought, forest fire incidences, deforestation and the anthropogenic activities. An

estimated 834 ha of forested land was diverted for the developmental related activities in Sikkim including

construction of hydro power projects, pharmaceutical units, sand mining, hospitals, and the transmission lines etc.

Keywords : GIS, Teesta, Sikkim Himalaya, Fresh Water Resources, glaciers & lakes.

Rupesh R.Deore

G.T. Patil College, Nandurbar

[email protected]

Abstract

Many government, state, and private organizations and agencies today utilize geospatial technology such as GIS

(geographic information systems) and satellite imagery for various applications supporting analysis, assessment,

and management of our water resources. A natural resource is any form of energy or matter essential for the

fulfilment of physiological, socio-economic and cultural needs of humanity and to sustain all the various activities

leading to production. Many applications of water ,forestry and natural resources require accurate land cover and

change analysis. Changing conditions due to rural urban area as well as increasing water resources, make water

recourses and change detection analysis an extremely important consideration for management, planning and

inventory mapping. Satellite images and GIS maps support, the techniques for obtaining, analyzing and displaying

spatial information in a timely and cost-effective manner are needed which has proven not only to be possible, but

incredibly efficient and effective. The important issues that need immediate attention and where remote sensing

and GIS can play a significant role are firstly evaluation of present water resources and projections for the future,

and secondly Assessment of water resources which are physically useable and agriculture relevant and

Identification of strategies that offer sustained use and other benefits. This paper presents an analysis of changes in

the water resources. Agriculture is the largest occupation and source of livelihood to most people in Dhule district

about 70% of total population. Agricultural activity is mainly water dependant. Water is crucial factor for the success

of crop production and human. The performance of water directly related to availability water resource .The water


resources has shown variation in different tahsil. Dhule district consists of four tahsil which are further divided into

three agro ecological situations. It is in this context that the modern tools of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic

Information System (GIS), and Satellite based positioning systems (popularly called GPS) are appropriate for water

resource assessment and management.

Keyword s: Remote sensing, GIS,GPS, water Resource and resource mapping,

1 2 3Prasad K, R. Sunilkumar, B.Sukumar1&2 3Govt. Arts college Coimbatore, NCESS (Retd.), Thiruvananthapuram.

[email protected]

Abstract

Land suitability is the fitness of a given type of land for a defined use. The land may be considered in its present

condition or after improvements. There are several methods used for land suitability analysis. In this paper an

attempt is made to map land suitability using soil related maps like soil texture, soil depth, soil drainage, soil

irrigability and soil water availability and soil erosion, collected from the Soil Survey Department. Study area chosen

is Kannur district in Kerala State. It is situated in the northern part of Kerala.

Maps collected from the Soil Survey Department were digitized and rasterised using ArcGIS software.

Weighted overlay method is used by giving appropriate weightage to suit the agricultural practices. Derivative map is

classified into four classes viz., Most suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable and not suitable for agriculture.

This analysis will be useful for identifying the main limiting factors for the agricultural production and

enables decision makers to develop crop managements able to increase the land productivity.

Keywords : Land suitability, soil parameters, agricultural production.

1 1 2Shivani Pathak , Jyoti Rathour , Vaibhav Garg1 2TERI SAS, New Delhi, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing Dehradun

Abstract

The penetration ability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data through hazy and cloudy atmospheric condtions like

smog, fog, mist, light rain etc., enables to observe the flood events continuously for getting rapid, cost effective and

accurate flood mapping. Therefore, microwave Sentinel-1A data for monsoon period of year 2017 has been used for

flood inundation mapping for Darbhanga and Samastipur districts of Bihar, India. SNAP software (Sentinels

Application Platform) was used to pre-process the SAR imagery. The raw SAR imagery was calibrated, filtered and

geometrically corrected. Water and non-water classes were separated using density slicing method using threshold

method. For delineation of flooded area the permanent water bodies (like rivers, ponds, lakes etc.) were erased from

LULC map. The flood map was superimposed and analysed to find out the duration, spatial nature of flood and

changes in extent with time. Damage was assessed with respect to LULC class, focussing on the agricultural land and

infrastructure (roads and railways). This study explains how SAR data combined with GIS can be used effectively for

mapping & monitoring of flood and damage assessment (agricultural & infrastructural damage). The satellite

altimetry is a new technique to estimate the water levels, So using SARAL data the changes in the water level of Ganga

LAND SUITABILITY MAPPING FOR KANNUR DISTRICT, KERALA USING

SOIL PARAMETERS IN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM.

FLOOD MAPPING AND MONITORING USING MICROWAVE DATA


were estimated. The results of this study will help to plan relief measures and hence in flood management process.

Keywords: Flood Inundation Mapping, Radar altimetry, SARAL, SAR imagery, Density slicing, Flood depth.

1&2* 1 1 2 2Das A.K , Das Madhushree , Kar B.K , Das P.J , Talukdar B.K1Gauhati University, Guwahati

*[email protected]

Abstract

The Brahmaputra river, one of the largest alluvial rivers in the world, is characterized by frequent bank erosion and

deposition leading to channel pattern changes and shifting of the river banks. Being located on the Brahmaputra

flood plain, theDibru-Saikhowa National Park is surrounded by rivers from all sides as a river Island. The north-

eastern part of the park area forms the major confluence zone of the Brahmaputra river system by three rivers,

namely Lohit, Dibang and Siang. The rivers Dangari and Dibru which flow along the southern boundary of the park

merge with the Brahmaputra river on the western part.Thepresent study in this paper focuses on the nature and

dimension of yearly bank erosion/deposition of the river Brahmaputra and its tributaries adjacent to the Dibru-

Saikhowa National Park for a period of twenty nine years (1990-2019). For this purpose remote sensing and GIS

techniques have been extensively used for interpretation, spatial analysis and mapping ofsatellite imagery of

Landsat TM, +ETM, Landsat8 and Survey of India (SOI) toposheets.It is observed that the area under erosion has

been on the increaseeven inside the protected area and minimizes the core area of the park. The results help the

park authority in their management plans for wildlife conservation and habitat restoration. Moreover, the paper

helps the central and state government agencies for decision making process before approving big infrastructure

developmental projects across the rivers around protected area.

Keywords: Remote Sensing, GIS, Brahmaputra River, Bank Erosion/ Deposition.

1 2E. Grace Selvarani ; Dr. P. Sujatha1&2Bharathi Women’s College

[email protected]

Abstract

Water is considered as a basic commodity to sustain life. Water is considered as the base of our survival like, oxygen.

Though the earth is mostly covered with water, just few percentages of surface and ground water is edible.

According to United Nation Organisation, Water scarcity, poor water quality and inadequate sanitation negatively

impact food security, livelihood choices and educational opportunities for poor families across the world. At the

current time, more than 2 billion people are living with the risk of reduced access to freshwater resources and by

2050, at least one in four people is likely to live in a country affected by chronic or recurring shortages of fresh water.

The best definition ever coined on sustainable development is the one given by World Commission on Environment

and Development (Brundtland Commission) which runs as the "development that meets the needs of the present

without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

For the present study to show the distribution of water sources, consuming level of population and, to show

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS BASED ASSESSMENT OF RIVER BANK

EROSION IN DIBRU-SAIKHOWA NATIONAL PARK, ASSAM (INDIA)

SPATIAL ANALYSIS ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER

SOURCES IN ALANDUR TALUK, KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT.


the uneven distribution of water supply for the consuming population, ‘Alandur Taluk’ has been chosen to make

Sustainable Devlopment in the Study area. Based on the Primary and Secondary data, the datas have been

transferred into spatial and non-spatial data with the help of GIS and Statistical tools. The results have been arrived

in both the sites of potential and non-potential regions. According to the results, suggestions has been framed with

the government policy and planning strategies.

Keywords : Water sources, Population, Alandur, Water Consumers, Sustainable Development.

Jyotish Ranjan Deka and Uttam Lal

Sikkim University, Gangtok

Abstract

Conservation of Leopard is ought to required sustaining the ecosystem of urban areas like Kamrup (M) district of

Assam. The recent development and growth of population in the city, it has adversely change the land use land cover

and resulted the loss of Leopard habitat. This paper deals with the LULC changes of Forest area, its impact on leopard

and habitat utilization. In this study, four years of data 1989, 1999, 2009, and 2019 has been used to understand the

LULC changes. The result shows that dense forest has been decreased 20.56% by 2019 prior to 1989. However, the

built up area has been increased by 80.71 km2 in 1989 to 168.16 km2 in 2019. The study shows that most of the conflict

of leopard reported from nearby fringe forest village. The 15.22% and 31.22% of the total area is classified as most and

less suitable area for leopard habitat respectively. The Study shows that the there is a urgent need of awareness and

govt. policies to resolve the problem of being loss of leopard habitat. This study has given better understanding the use

of Geo-spatial technology in the field of wildlife management and planning strategy to mitigating wildlife issues.

Komal Priya Singh

[email protected]

Abstract

The forest fire is a major cause of degradation of India’s forest which leads to the serious hazard in forests leading to

huge loss of flora and fauna, including soil nutrient, biological diversity of soil inhabitants etc. It is one of the major

causes of destruction in western Himalayas.

Years of Drought, rise in the average temperature, low relative humidity, strong winds and anthropogenic activities

have all contributed to the forest fires. Garhwal Himalayas have been burning regularly during the last few

summers, with colossal loss of vegetation covr of that region between the month of April and June.

The burned area mapping thus becomes important for the forest officials to plan for mitigation measures

and restoration after the fire season. Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote sensing (RS) is a very

effective and efficient tool for monitoring and preventing forest fires, as well as a potential tool for getting an in-

depth understanding of how forest ecosystems respond to them.

There are various steps involved in mapping the forest fire which includes- pre-processing of satellite data,

use of Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) as an indice, deriving the threshold for burnt area extraction, and the process of

validation using Fire Information for Resource Management System ( FIRMS) Data.

ASSESSMENT OF LAND USE LAND COVER OF KAMRUP METROPOLITAN

DISTRICT, ASSAM AND ITS IMPACT ON LEOPARD HABITAT USING GEO-

SPATIAL TECHNOLOGY

FOREST FIRE MAPPING USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS


By leveraging the power of GIS and RS, important information on forests can be analyzed and evaluated to

make well-informed decision. Forests, being a renewable resource, can slowly be regenerated through sustainable

management.

Key Words: GIS, RS, NBR, FIRMS.

1 2Mirza Razi Imam Baig ; Atiqur Rahman

Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi1 2Presenting author ; [email protected]

Abstract

Coastal vulnerability refers to coastal areas quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or

harmed by various hazards. There is a great chance of various disasters like cyclones, storms, storm surges, coastal

flood etc. The study aims to analysis coastal vulnerability of flood in the Coastal tract of Andhra Pradesh with the

help of Remote Sensing and GIS (Geographic Information System). SRTM 90m DEM (Digital Elevation Model) is used

for slope and aspact preparation and Coastal Flood Modelling are done using SRTM 90m DEM and 4, 6, 8 and 10

metres average storm surge heights in ArcGIS10.6. Socio-economic data is also incorporated for further analysis

and impact assessment of coastal flood .Based on this coastal flood vulnerability map has been prepared. It has also

been categorised into more or less vulnerable depending on storm surge heights. The present study can be used as

tool for coastal disaster management and also for future planning and developmental activities.

Keywords: Coastal, Vulnerability, Andhra Pradesh, Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System, Digital

Elevation Model, Storm Surge, Disaster Management.

Kumbhakarna Mallik

Abstract

In the development as well as subsistence of all living beings, water plays a crucial role. Water quality affects social,

political and economic development of society. When water becomes contaminated or polluted by the effect of

unwanted or unexpected substances, we consider it as harmful for the environment. There are many problems of

liquid waste disposal in Bhubaneswar city. All the liquid disposals are being allowed to a natural drain called Gangua

Nallah. Then flow to the river Daya and subsequently flow to Chilika. This paper aims to evaluate the

physicochemical standards and the heavy metals polluting the river upstream, the main drain Gangua and the water

quality downstream in 2018-2019. The digital equipments are used to find the physical, biological parametric values

and for heavy metals by the XRF spectrometer. The different parameters measured are pH, DO, BOD, COD, TDS, Ca, P,

K, Ni and Ca. The present study indicates that the water quality during non-monsoon is deteriorating matching with

the anthropogenic impacts. Weekly water samples were taken for the non-monsoon and monsoon to study the

chemical toxicity. The results are compared with the previous studies made by CPCB and other researchers. The

findings of this paper would provide baseline data that can facilitate long term monitoring of Chilika and its stability.

Keywords: Physicochemical, Contaminated, Pollution, Chemical toxicity, Lagoon Chilika

FLOOD VULNERABILITY MAPPING IN COASTAL ANDHRA PRADESH

USING GEO-SPATIAL TECHNIQUES

IMPACT OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL OF BHUBANESWAR CITY

ON THE RIVER DAYA AND THE LAGOON CHILIKA:

A GEO-CHEMICAL STUDY


SUB THEME: URBAN MAPPING & SMART CITIES

DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC STATUS MAPPING OF SLUM AREA OF

SMALL TOWNS : A CASE STUDYAT PURULIA MUNICIPALITY OF WEST

BENGAL

TREND ANALYSIS OF AIR POLLUTION IN KOLKATA CITY, INDIA

1Koushik Mistri, 1&2Panskura Banamali College, West Bengal


Abstract

The condition of slums in small urban area is one of the major issue for the urban local bodies. Slums are the face of

urban poverty, illiteracy and crime. The demographic pattern and economic status of the slum people of small

towns are generally poor and most of the time they are bound to live in the unhygienic condition because of the lack

of basic amenities. The slums of the small towns are sometimes located as unidentified and unauthorized area

where most of the urban amenities and services are unavailable. The basic aims of the present study are to discuss

the demographic pattern and economic status of the slum dwellers of Purulia Municipality of West Bengal. The

census data (2011) has been used for demographic analysis and a primary survey was conducted in the slums

located within 22wards of the municipality. The basic criteria taken for the study of demographic and economic

aspects of slums are population density, gender pattern, caste, religion, education, housing, health, occupation and

income. The collected data have been analyzed through excel data tools and GIS techniques for cartographic

presentation of the study.

Keywords : Small town, slums, demographic pattern, economicstatus, GIS mapping.

1 2Mr. Kousik Das, Dr. Nilanjana Das Chatterjee

Vidyasagar University, Midnapore1 [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract

Kolkata, one of the fastest growing metropolitan area in India, has been experienced poor air quality for last two

decades. Haphazard urbanization and ineffective government policies have been enhancing these problems. The

present study aims to analyse the trends of concentrations of different air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2 and

SO2) at seventeen monitoring stations in Kolkata city during 2010 to 2019. Exceedance factors shows that annual

mean concentration of different air pollutants is in moderate to poor status. The SPM and NO2 are in critical level in

different parts of the city. Seasonal analysis reveals that there is a considerable variation in between different

season. Moreover, concentration of all the pollutants is high in winter and minimum in monsoon season. A

regression analysis was carried out where it is found that a positive correlation has observed among different

pollutants and a negative correlation in between air pollutants and meteorological factors (relative humidity and

precipitation). Finally, this paper deals with critical analysis of trend of air pollutants in different season and festive

time. Keyword: Air pollutants, Seasonal variation, Exceedance factors, Regression model, Meteorological factors,

Kolkata

2Nirmalya Das


LINKING URBAN EXPANSION WITH POPULATION GROWTH USING

GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY: A SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF SURAT

CITY

ASSESSING URBAN BLUE-GREEN SPACES OF UDAIPUR SMART CITY

1 2Shahfahad & Atiqur Rahman1&2Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi

[email protected]

Abstract

The population growth in urban areas leads to the expansion of built-up area which leads to a number of serious

problems like environmental pollution, destruction of urban ecology, climatic modification etc. In this study, we

have tried to assess the linkages and association between population growth and built-up expansion in Surat city.

Landsat satellite data (TM, ETM+ & OLI/TIRS) has been used for 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2019 to extract the built-up

area while the demographic data of the city was obtained from the Census of India and SMC. The built-up area has

been extracted using index based built-up index (IBI) method. The association between urban expansion rate (RUE)

& population growth rate (PGR), distribution of population & built-up area and the population and built-up density

was analyzed using linear regression technique. The result shows that both the population and built-up area of

Surat has increased rapidly but the rate of increase of built-up area is higher than the population. The statistical

analysis shows that the density of population and built-up area have very strong-positive relationship while their

distribution have moderate-positive relationship. On the other hand the PGR and RUE shows positive but weak

relationship. The main finding of the study is that the growth rate of population and urban area are not identical to

each other but their distribution and density have strong relationships with each other. The association between

PGR and RUE is not always significant because of the variation in their rate.

Keywords : Built-up Area Expansion; Population Growth; Spatio-temporal Analysis; Surat City; Geospatial

Techniques..

1 2 3Sunita, Dr Deepak Kumar, Dr Sulochana Shekhar1,2Amity Institute of Geoinformatics & Remote Sensing (AIGIRS), AMITY University, Noida

3Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur 1 [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract

Traditionally urban blue-green spaces are consolidation of “blue-green infrastructure” of urban areas. These play an

important role for all participants in the urban community. Therefore, it is necessary for every people to ensure that

blue-green spaces should be easily and equally accessible for all. Nowadays, there are various law and regulations

for safeguarding urban blue-green spaces. Urban blue-green spaces within the urban features provide numerous

social, environmental, and economic benefits, yet disparities often exist in their distribution and accessibility.

Several spatial features like parks, forests, gardens, visible water, such as parks, rivers, canals, reservoir, ponds,

lakes, fountains, etc. are treated as blue-green spaces and are very much critical for various urban ecosystem

services. In the same context, the current work tries to evaluate the linkage between issues relating to

environmental and urban management for evaluating the potential improvements in green spaces and inland

water. Also, this work assesses the urban blue-green spaces to quantify the precise spatial distribution of urban blue

spaces to detect the interrelationship between urban blue-green spaces.

Keywords: Assessment, Blue-Green Space, Supervised classification, High Resolutions


MAPS AND GEO-ARCHAEOLOGY

LARGE SCALE MAPPING USING INTEGRATED GEO SPATIAL TECHNIQUES

A CASE STUDY

Dr. Kshirsagar Shivaji Dadaso

Deecan College P.G. and R. I. (Deemed University) Pune

[email protected]

Abstract

Maps and Geo-archaeological investigation is multi disciplinary study of 21st century. Various types’ maps of Survey

of India (GOI), Geological Survey of India (GSI), Bhuvan 2D, 3D, Remote sensing etc. are using for the study. Indexes

are various types. Alluvium, Relative Relief (Rr) 19r, Deserted Villages (X), Stony waste and Rocky area, Scrubland etc.

symbols and geomorphological, Palaeo channels study are used for the same study. Groundwater, Hydrology, Land

use, Land cover, Geology, Mineralogy and Physiographic features like, River, Hills, Valley, Plain are etc are identify on

the maps. Above different types of Maps study are very useful for Geo-Archaeology. Resource of the lands and its

distribution, utilization are keys of past and present history of not only the land but also man. Landform and its

effect on the human culture are studies through the Maps technology. Spring, Waterfalls, Lakes, Ponds etc water

resource features and Soils, Rocks, Vegetations’ etc are utilized by past human society. This paper is highlighting the

Past keys of present and past human society. Various scale and edition maps are used for the study of various

locations in the Bhima River and tributaries.

Dr. P. K. Kar

Survey of India, Hyderabad

Abstract

The Legitimate, logical and relevant information is key to success of effective planning of any infrastructure

development project. Geo Spatial Information Technology/Techniques have emerged as a powerful, effective and a

decision making solution to assist decision makers to implement the project very efficiently. In particular, large scale

mapping using High Resolution Satellite(HRS) Images has certain advantages over small scale as it contains fullest

information of the land cover. The integration of various sources of data inputs viz., Remote Sensing data(RS),Global

Positioning Data(GPS),Geographical Information System data(GIS) and Total Station Data(TS) has changed the

Global scenario in map making process and paved and effective and efficient method helping us to drive towards

modern technology into a reliable and cost effective process.

This case study illustrates / gives an insight into integrated approach of RS, GPS and Total Station i.e

Geospatial techniques for assessment of desired accuracy for the project work in generation of 1:5K scale map

along with 2mt contour intervals. In this aspect two approaches has been applied independently to ascertain the

Planimetry as well as Altimetry. The first being Digital Photogrammetric(DP) techniques, followed by mapping using

Total station. World View-2 stereo Imagery of 0.5 mt resolution was used with an aim to generate 2mt contour

interval along with details using Photogrammetric technique. The final output was checked by ground verification

method. In both the cases contour was checked using cross levelling method.

Results suggest that plannimetric accuracy for both Photogrammetric method and Total Station is accurate

in 1:5000 scale mapping , where as 2mt vertical contour is not accurate in Photogrammetric method. From present

study it can be concluded that by integrating the contours obtained from Total Station and planimetry data

obtained from Photogrammetric is ideal way to get the desired result.


DRINKING WATER QUALITY AND HEALTH STATUS OF URBAN SLUM

DWELLERS : A STUDY AT TAMLUK MUNICIPALITY OF WEST BENGAL

QUANTIFICATION OF URBAN EXTENSION OF THREE MUNICIPALITIES OF

PURULIA DISTRICT USING SHANNON’S ENTROPY MODEL

1 2 3Balai Adhikary, Dr. Sayantani Mukhopadhyay, Saddam Khan, 1&3 2Panskura Banamali College, West Bengal, Sister Nibedita Govt. General Degree College for Girls, West Bengal,


Abstract

The scarcity of safe drinking water is a common phenomenon for slum dwellers in India which influences the health

condition of the people living within the slums. The slum dwellers at Tamluk municipality of West Bengal state is

collect tap water from street tap and uses it for their cooking, bathing, drinking, and washing. But the quality of

drinking water is not so well in many slum area of the municipality and peoples suffer by the water borne diseases

like diarrhea, skin diseases, brownish discolouration of teeth, bone problems, etc. The main objectives of the study

are to measure the physical and chemical properties of municipality supply drinking water and its impact on human

health. The measures of the properties of drinking water consider the total hardness, chloride, alkalinity, free

chlorine, fluoride, pH, turbidity, nitrate, dissolved iron, TDS (total dissolved solid). From the slum area, ten random

samples have been collected and tested with the help of combined water testing kit. In many areas the quality of

drinking water crossed the desirable limit according to the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS, 2012) and peoples of the

slum areas are faces many water borne diseases and health condition is also adversely affected.

Key words : Slum, water scarcity, water properties, diseases, health.

1 2Chumki Shikary & Dr. Somnath Rudra1&2Vidyasagar University, Midnapore

1 [email protected] ,[email protected]

Population growth, economic development, transportation facilities and land use transformation from agricultural,

barren land into built up areas caused rapid expansion of urban physical growth in the three municipalities of

Purulia district namely Purulia, Raghunathpur and Jhalda. Due to haphazard and unplanned urbanization, urban

and regional planners face different urban related problems likeurban sprawl. The study of measuring the extent of

urban growth is necessary to know the past and present land use organization. Accordingly,three municipalities

were selected from Purulia district of West Bengal for measuring urban sprawl in 1998, 2008 and 2018 temporal

span. Shannon’s Entropy model is the most effective method for measuring sprawl. Within Remote Sensing and GIS

environment it is found that Purulia municipality, the dominant town of the district, maintains its dispersed

sprawling characteristics from 1998 to 2018 with entropy values 0.82, 0.94 and 0.98 in three selected years. On the

other hand, Raghunathpur and Jhaldamunicipalitieshave transformed compact to dispersed sprawling character

during this period. It is explained that to combat the problem like sprawling in urban locality it is necessary to

determine urban physical growth and realizing the factors behind it.

Keywords : Urbanisation, municipality, land use land cover change, sprawling, Shannon’s entropy model


SUB THEME: OPEN SOURCE GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES

IDENTIFICATION OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL URBAN GROWTH OF

COIMBATORE CITY USING SATELLITE IMAGERY AND GIS

1 2 3Jyothirmayi .P, Ahalya Sukumar, B. Sukumar1 2&3Nirmala College for Women, Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram

[email protected]

Abstract

Urbanisation is a dynamic process of growth of a city. Urbanisation occurs mainly because people move from rural

areas to urban areas and it results in the growth, of size of urban population and the extent of urban areas. These

changes in population lead to other changes in land use, economic activity and culture. Historically, Urbanisation

has been associated with significant economic and social transformations. Urban living is linked with higher levels of

literacy and education, better health, lower fertility and a longer life expectancy, greater access to social services and

enhanced opportunities for cultural and political participation. However, urbanisation also has disadvantages

caused by rapid and unplanned urban growth resulting in poor infrastructures such as inadequate housing, water

and sanitation, transport and health care services. In this paper an attempt is made to study the spatial growth of

Coimbatore City situated in the western part of Tamil Nadu. It is the second largest town in Tamil Nadu in terms of

population and area. It is an industrial town called ‘Manchester of South India’ with cotton textile industry and cotton

growing area around.

To study the spatial growth, Landsat MSS data of 1973 and the Sentinel data of 2019 were used. QGIS and

SAGA GIS were used for the analysis. Hundred Corporation wards were digitised and using image processing method,

built up areas was delineated and areas were calculated. Present Corporation boundary was used for 1973 built up

area extent, to compare with the growth in 2019. From the analysis, it was found that built up area has increased from

67 sq.km in 1973 to 129 sq.km in 2019. The Built up area includes residential area, industrial area, commercial area

and institutional area. In 1973 built up area was in the southern part of Coimbatore Corporation and north and south

of Noyyal River. In 2019 built up area has spread in the northern and eastern part of Coimbatore Corporation.


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