in use grammar essential - cambridge university...
TRANSCRIPT
Cambridge University Press978-8-490-36103-0 — Essential Grammar in Use Book with answers and Interactive eBook Spanish editionRaymond Murphy , Fernando Garcia Clemente FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
EssentialGrammar
in UseGramática básica de la lengua inglesa
Edición en español
Cuarta Edición
Raymond Murphycon Fernando García Clemente
con versión eBook y respuestas
Cambridge University Press978-8-490-36103-0 — Essential Grammar in Use Book with answers and Interactive eBook Spanish editionRaymond Murphy , Fernando Garcia Clemente FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom
Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.
It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of
education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/essentialgrammarinuse
Fourth Edition © Cambridge University Press 2016
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
Essential Grammar in Use first published 1994
Second edition 2000
Third edition 2008
Fourth edition 2016
Printed
Legal deposit: M-2898-2016
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-84-9036-103-0 Edition with answers and Interactive eBook
ISBN 978-84-9036-250-1 Edition without answers
ISBN 978-1-107-48060-5 Interactive eBook
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy
of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication,
and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain,
accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables, and other
factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but
Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information
thereafter.
Cambridge University Press978-8-490-36103-0 — Essential Grammar in Use Book with answers and Interactive eBook Spanish editionRaymond Murphy , Fernando Garcia Clemente FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
iii
Índice general
Agradecimientos viiA los estudiantes viiiA los profesores xeBook interactivo xi
El presente
1 am/is/are (afirmación y negación) 2 am/is/are (interrogación) 3 I’m hungry / It’s cold etc. 4 I am doing (present continuous) 5 are you doing? (present continuous, interrogación) 6 I do/work/like etc. (present simple, afirmación) 7 I don’t … (present simple, negación) 8 Do you … ? (present simple, interrogación) 9 I am doing (present continuous) y I do (present simple) 10 I have … y I’ve got …
El pasado
11 was/were 12 worked/got/went etc. (past simple) 13 I didn’t … Did you … ? (past simple, negación e interrogación) 14 I was doing (past continuous) 15 I was doing (past continuous) y I did (past simple)
Present perfect 16 I have done (present perfect 1) 17 I’ve just … I’ve already … I haven’t … yet (present perfect 2) 18 Have you ever … ? (present perfect 3) 19 How long have you … ? (present perfect 4) 20 for since ago 21 I have done (present perfect) y I did (past simple)
La voz pasiva
22 is done was done (voz pasiva 1) 23 is being done has been done (voz pasiva 2)
Formas verbales
24 be/have/do (present y past) 25 Verbos regulares e irregulares
El futuro
26 What are you doing tomorrow? (presente con significado futuro) 27 I’m going to … 28 will/shall 1 29 will/shall 2
Verbos modales, imperativo etc.
30 might 31 can y could 32 must mustn’t don’t need to 33 should 34 I have to … 35 Would you like … ? I’d like … 36 Do this! Don’t do that! Let’s do this! (imperativo) 37 I used to …
SI NO TIENES LA SEGURIDAD DE QUÉ UNIDADES NECESITAS ESTUDIAR, USA LA GUÍA EN LA PÁGINA 262
Cambridge University Press978-8-490-36103-0 — Essential Grammar in Use Book with answers and Interactive eBook Spanish editionRaymond Murphy , Fernando Garcia Clemente FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
iv
here y it
38 there is there are 39 there was/were there has/have been there will be 40 It …
Verbos auxiliares
41 I am, I don’t etc.
42 Have you? Are you? Don’t you? etc.
43 too/either so am I / neither do I etc.
44 Negaciones: isn’t, haven’t, don’t etc.
La interrogación
45 is it … ? have you … ? do they … ? etc. (la interrogación 1) 46 Who saw you? Who did you see? (la interrogación 2) 47 Who is she talking to? What is it like? (la interrogación 3) 48 What … ? Which … ? How … ? (la interrogación 4) 49 How long does it take … ? 50 Do you know where … ? I don’t know what … etc.
El estilo indirecto
51 She said that … He told me that …
–ing y to … 52 work/working go/going do/doing 53 to … (I want to do) e –ing (I enjoy doing) 54 I want you to … I told you to … 55 I went to the shop to …
Go, get, do, make y have
56 go to … go on … go for … go –ing 57 get 58 do y make 59 have
Pronombres y posesivos
60 I/me he/him they/them etc.
61 my/his/their etc.
62 Whose is this? It’s mine/yours/hers etc.
63 I/me/my/mine 64 myself/yourself/themselves etc. 65 –’s (Kate’s camera / my brother’s car etc.)
A y the
66 a/an … 1 67 a/an … 2 68 train(s) bus(es) (singular y plural) 69 a bottle / some water (contable/incontable 1) 70 a cake / some cake / some cakes (contable/incontable 2) 71 the 72 go to work go home go to the cinema 73 I like music I hate exams 74 the … (con nombres de lugares)
SI NO TIENES LA SEGURIDAD DE QUÉ UNIDADES NECESITAS ESTUDIAR, USA LA GUÍA EN LA PÁGINA 262
Cambridge University Press978-8-490-36103-0 — Essential Grammar in Use Book with answers and Interactive eBook Spanish editionRaymond Murphy , Fernando Garcia Clemente FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
v
Determinantes y pronombres
75 this/that/these/those 76 one/ones 77 some y any 78 not + any no none 79 not + anybody/anyone/anything nobody/no–one/nothing 80 somebody/anything/nowhere etc. 81 every y all 82 all most some any no/none 83 both either neither 84 a lot much many 85 (a) little (a) few
Adjetivos y adverbios
86 old/nice/interesting etc. (adjetivos) 87 quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbios) 88 old/older expensive/more expensive 89 older than … more expensive than … 90 not as … as 91 the oldest the most expensive 92 enough 93 too
Orden de las palabras en la frase
94 He speaks English very well. (orden de las palabras en la frase 1) 95 always/usually/often etc. (orden de las palabras en la frase 2) 96 still yet already 97 Give me that book! Give it to me!
Conjunciones y oraciones compuestas
98 and but or so because 99 When … 100 If I had … If we went … etc. 101 a person who … a thing that/which … (oraciones de relativo 1) 102 the people we met the hotel you stayed at (oraciones de relativo 2)
Preposiciones
103 at 8 o’clock on Monday in April 104 from … to until since for 105 before after during while 106 in at on (preposiciones de lugar 1) 107 in at on (preposiciones de lugar 2) 108 to in at (preposiciones de lugar 3) 109 under, behind, opposite etc.
110 up, over, through etc. 111 on at by with about 112 good at … , interested in … etc. of/at/for etc. (preposiciones) + –ing 113 listen to … , look at … etc. (verbo + preposición)
Verbos con adverbio (phrasal verbs) 114 go in, fall off, run away etc. (phrasal verbs 1) 115 put on your shoes put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2)
SI NO TIENES LA SEGURIDAD DE QUÉ UNIDADES NECESITAS ESTUDIAR, USA LA GUÍA EN LA PÁGINA 262
Cambridge University Press978-8-490-36103-0 — Essential Grammar in Use Book with answers and Interactive eBook Spanish editionRaymond Murphy , Fernando Garcia Clemente FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
vi
ApéndicesApéndice 1 Voz activa y voz pasiva 233Apéndice 2 Lista de verbos irregulares 234Apéndice 3 Verbos irregulares en grupos 235Apéndice 4 Contracciones (he’s / I’d / don’t etc.) 236Apéndice 5 Ortografía 238Apéndice 6 Phrasal verbs (take off / give up etc.) 240Apéndice 7 Phrasal verbs + objeto (put out a ire / give up your job etc.) 241Apéndice 8 Cuantificadores (very/much/many etc.) 242
Ejercicios complementarios 243
Guía para el estudio 262
Soluciones a los ejercicios 272Soluciones a los ejercicios complementarios 299Soluciones a la guía para el estudio 301
Indice analítico 302
SI NO TIENES LA SEGURIDAD DE QUÉ UNIDADES NECESITAS ESTUDIAR, USA LA GUÍA EN LA PÁGINA 262
Cambridge University Press978-8-490-36103-0 — Essential Grammar in Use Book with answers and Interactive eBook Spanish editionRaymond Murphy , Fernando Garcia Clemente FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
vii
DiseñoKamae Design
Óscar Latorre
IlustracionesAdz, Paul Boston, Christopher Flint, John Goodwin, Katie Mac, Martina – KJA artists, Lucy Truman,
Antonio Cuesta Cornejo
Desarrollo digitalDatamatics Ltd.
Cambridge University Press978-8-490-36103-0 — Essential Grammar in Use Book with answers and Interactive eBook Spanish editionRaymond Murphy , Fernando Garcia Clemente FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
viii
Guía para el estudio
265
SI NO SABES CUÁL ES CORRECTA ESTUDIA UNIDAD
7.4 Before Maria came to Britain, she understand much English. 31A can B can’t C not D couldn’t E doesn’t
7.5 We walk home last night. � ere were no buses. 32, 34A have to B had to C must D must to E must have
7.6 I go yet. I can stay a little longer. 32A must B mustn’t C must not D don’t need E don’t need to
7.7 It’s a good fi lm. You go and see it. 33A should to B ought to C ought D should E need
7.8 What time go to the dentist tomorrow? 34A you must B you have to C have you to D do you have to
7.9 We wait long for the bus – it came in a few minutes. 34A don’t have to B hadn’t to C didn’t have to D didn’t had to E mustn’t
7.10 ‘ some coff ee? ’ ‘No, thank you.’ 35A Are you liking B You like C Would you like D Do you like
7.11 Please . Stay here with me. 36A don’t go B you no go C go not D you don’t go
7.12 Dave in a factory. Now he works in a supermarket. 37A working B works C worked D use to work E used to work
h ere y it
8.1 Excuse me, a hotel near here? 38A has there B is there C there is D is it
8.2 a lot of accidents on this road. It’s very dangerous. 38A Have B It has C � ere have D � ey are E � ere are
8.3 I was hungry when I got home, but anything to eat. 39A there wasn’t B there weren’t C it wasn’t D there hasn’t been
8.4 three kilometres from our house to the city centre. 40A It’s B It has C � ere is D � ere are
8.5 true that you’re going away? 40A Is there B Is it C Is D Are you
Verbos auxiliares
9.1 I haven’t got a car, but my sister . 41A have B is C has D hasn’t E has got
9.2 I don’t like hot weather, but Sue . 41A does B doesn’t C do D does like E likes
9.3 ‘Nicola got married last week.’ ‘ Really?’ 42A Is she? B Got she? C Did she? D Has she?
9.4 You haven’t met my mother, ? 42A haven’t you B have you C did you D you have E you haven’t
9.5 Ben doesn’t watch TV. He doesn’t read newspapers . 43A too B either C neither D never
9.6 ‘I’d like to go to Australia.’ ‘ ’ 43A So do I. B So am I. C So would I. D Neither do I. E So I would.
9.7 Sue much at weekends. 44A don’t B doesn’t C don’t do D doesn’t do
Guía para el estudio
264
SI NO SABES CUÁL ES CORRECTA ESTUDIA UNIDAD
3.10 Where on Sunday afternoon? I couldn’t i nd you. 21A you were B you have been C was you D have you been E were you
Voz pasiva
4.1 � is house 100 years ago. 22, 24A is built B is building C was building D was built E built
4.2 We to the party last week. 22, 24A didn’t invite B didn’t invited C weren’t invited D wasn’t invited E haven’t been invited
4.3 ‘Where born? ’ ‘In Cairo.’ 22A you are B you were C was you D are you E were you
4.4 My car is at the garage. It . 23A is being repaired B is repairing C have been repaired D repaired E repairs
4.5 I can’t i nd my keys. I think . 23A they’ve been stolen B they are stolen C they’ve stolen D they’re being stolen
Formas verbales
5.1 It , so we didn’t need an umbrella. 24A wasn’t rained B wasn’t rain C didn’t raining D wasn’t raining
5.2 Somebody this window. 25A has broke B has broken C has breaked D has break
Futuro
6.1 Andrew tennis tomorrow. 26A is playing B play C plays D is play
6.2 out tonight? 26A Are you going B Are you go C Do you go D Go you E Do you going
6.3 ‘What time is the concert tonight?’ ‘It at 7.30.’ 26A is start B is starting C starts D start E starting
6.4 What to the wedding next week? 27A are you wearing B are you going to wear C do you wear D you are going to wear
6.5 I think Kelly the exam. 28A passes B will pass C will be pass D will passing
6.6 to the cinema on Saturday. Do you want to come with us? 28A We go B We’ll go C We’re going D We will going
6.7 ‘ you tomorrow, OK? ’ ‘OK, bye.’ 29A I phone B I phoning C I’m phoning D I’ll phone
6.8 tomorrow, so I can’t meet you. 29A I work B I’ll work C I’m working D I’ll working
6.9 It’s a nice day. for a walk? 29A Do we go B Shall we go C Are we go D We go E Go we
Verbos modales, imperativo etc.
7.1 to the cinema this evening, but I’m not sure. 30A I’ll go B I’m going C I may go D I might go
7.2 ‘ here?’ ‘Yes, of course.’ 30, 31A Can I sit B Do I sit C May I sit D Can I to sit
7.3 I’m having a party next week, but Paul and Rachel . 31A can’t come B can’t to come C can’t coming D couldn’t come
A los estudiantes (que trabajen sin ayuda de profesor)
Guía para el estudio (páginas 262–271)
Si no sabes con
seguridad qué
unidades
necesitas estudiar,
usa la Guía para el
estudio que
aparece al inal del libro.
Essential Grammar in Use, Cuarta edición
en español es un libro de gramática inglesa de nivel elemental. Consta de 115 unidades que abordan distintos puntos gramaticales. Las unidades aparecen en una lista al principio del libro (Indice general).
No estudies todas las unidades en el orden en que aparecen. Es mejor que selecciones las unidades que necesites. Por ejemplo, si tienes diicultades con el uso del present perfect (have done/
have been etc.), estudia las unidades 16–21.
Estudia el Indice general o el Indice
analítico (que aparece al inal del libro) para buscar la unidad o las unidades apropiadas.
Índice general
Agradecimientos vii
A los estudiantes viii
A los profesores x
eBook interactivo xi
El presente
1 am/is/are (afi rmación y negación)
2 am/is/are (interrogación)
3 I’m hungry / It’s cold etc.
4 I am doing (present continuous)
5 are you doing? (present continuous, interrogación)
6 I do/work/like etc. (present simple, afi rmación)
7 I don’t … (present simple, negación)
8 Do you … ? (present simple, interrogación)
9 I am doing (present continuous) y I do (present simple)
10 I have … y I’ve got …
El pasado
11 was/were 12 worked/got/went etc. (past simple)
13 I didn’t … Did you … ? (past simple, negación e interrogación)
14 I was doing (past continuous)
15 I was doing (past continuous) y I did (past simple)
Present perfect
16 I have done (present perfect 1)
17 I’ve just … I’ve already … I haven’t … yet (present perfect 2)
18 Have you ever … ? (present perfect 3)
19 How long have you … ? (present perfect 4)
20 for since ago 21 I have done (present perfect) y I did (past simple)
La voz pasiva
22 is done was done (voz pasiva 1)
23 is being done has been done (voz pasiva 2)
Formas verbales
Índice analíticoa/an 66, 67
a y some 69–70about 111Eabove 109Eacross 110activa y pasiva, voces Apéndice 1adjetivos 86adjetivos y adverbios (quick/quickly) 87comparativos (older / more expensive) 88–90
superlativos (the oldest / the most expensive) 91get + adjetivo (get tired etc.) 57Badjetivos/determinantes posesivos (my/your/her etc.) 61–63something/anybody etc. + adjetivo 80Cadjetivo + preposición (good at etc.) 112adverbios 87
orden de las palabras (always/usually/often etc.) 95advise (advise somebody to …) 54Bafraid (afraid of …) 3A, 11B, 112Aafter 99, 105
ago 20Ball
all y every etc. 81all (of ) 82orden de las palabras 95along 110
already 96Calready + 17Borden de las palabras 95also (orden de las palabras) 95always
always + 6Corden de las palabras 95am/is/are 1–3am/is/are + -ing ( ) 4–5, 24A, 27, 52Dthere is/there are 38an ver a
and 98angry (with/about) 112Aanother 66Aany
any y some 77not + any 78any y no 78
auxiliares ver verbos auxiliaresaway run away / throw away etc. ( ) 114, Apéndice 7back come back / give back etc. ( ) 114–115, Apéndice 7bad (bad at …) 112Abe (infi nitivo de am/is/are)am/is/are 1–3am/is/are + -ing ( ) 4–5, 14A, 24A, 27, 52Dwas/were 11
was/were + -ing ( ) 14, 24A–B, 52Dhave/has been ( ) 16–19voz pasiva 22–23, Apéndice 1will be 28
because 98been
have/has been ( ) 16–19been y gone 18Cthere has/have been 39Bbefore 99, 105
begin (begin to … o begin -ing) 53Cbehind 109Abelow 109Ebeside 109Abest 91Bbetter 88Dbetween 109Abit (a bit older / a bit bigger etc.) 89Dborn 22Cboth 83
orden de las palabras 95but 98by 111C
by detrás de la voz pasiva (I was bitten by a dog) 22Dby myself / by yourself etc. 64Cby (= al lado de, cerca de) 109C
can/can’t 31caso posesivo 65, Apéndice 4.5comparativos (older / more expensive etc.) 88-90
condicional (if …) 99–100If I do … 99If I did … 100
directo e indirecto, estiloHe said that … / He told me that … 51He told me to … 54Bdo/does 58don’t/doesn’t en la negación 7, 24D, 41C, 44B, 52Bdo/does en la interrogación 8, 24D, 41C, 45B, 52B
do y make 58down 110
sit down / put down etc. ( ) 114–115, Apéndices 6–7during 105
each other 64Dearly 87Ceither
either y too 43Aeither (of ) 83
enjoyenjoy -ing 53Benjoy myself/yourself etc. 64Aenough 92enough y too 93D
estilo indirecto ver directo e indirecto, estiloeverHave you ever … ? 18superlativo + ever 91Eorden de las palabras 95every 81
everybody/everyone/everything/everywhere 81Cexclamaciones (What a …!) 67Aexpect (somebody to …) 54B
famous (famous for …) 112AfarHow far is it? 40A, 48Dfar → further 88B
fast 87Cfed up (fed up with …) 112Afew/a few 85fi nish (fi nish -ing) 53Bforfor ten minutes / for three years etc. 20, 104D
Cambridge University Press978-8-490-36103-0 — Essential Grammar in Use Book with answers and Interactive eBook Spanish editionRaymond Murphy , Fernando Garcia Clemente FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
ix
235
Apéndice 3Verbos irregulares en grupos
y participio pasado iguales:
1
2
3
4
y participio pasado diferentes:
cost
cut
hit
hurt
→
→
→
→
costcuthithurt
1break
choose
speak
steal
wake
→
→
→
→
→
broke brokenchose chosenspoke spokenstole stolenwoke woken
3eat
fall
forget
give
see
take
→
→
→
→
→
→
ate eatenfell fallenforgot forgottengave givensaw seentook taken
4blow
grow
know
throw
fl y
draw
show
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
blew blowngrew grownknew knownthrew thrownfl ew fl own
drew drawn
showed shown
5begin
drink
swim
ring
sing
run
→
→
→
→
→
→
began begun
drank drunk
swam swum
rang rung
sang sung
ran run
6come
become
→
→
came come
became become
2drive
ride
rise
write
→
→
→
→
drove driven
rode ridden
rose risen
wrote written
beat
bite
hide
→
→
→
beat beaten
bit bitten
hid hidden
lend
send
spend
build
→
→
→
→
lent
sent
spent
built
bring
buy
fi ght
think
catch
teach
→
→
→
→
→
→
brought
bought
fought
thought
caught
taught
sell
tell
→
→
sold
told
fi nd
have
hear
hold
read
say
→
→
→
→
→
→
found
had
heard
held
read
said
pay
make
→
→
paid
made
stand
understand
→
→
stood
understood
burn
learn
smell
→
→
→
burnt
learnt
smelt
feel
leave
meet
dream
mean
→
→
→
→
→
felt
left
met
dreamt
meant
let
put
shut
→
→
→
let
put
shut
lose
shoot
get
light
sit
→
→
→
→
→
lost
shot
got
lit
sat
keep
sleep
→
→
kept
slept
234
infi nitivo past simpleparticipio
pasado
be (ser/estar) was/were beenbeat (batir) beat beatenbecome (volverse) became becomebegin (empezar) began begunbite (morder) bit bittenblow (soplar) blew blownbreak (romper) broke brokenbring (traer) brought broughtbuild (construir) built builtbuy (comprar) bought boughtcatch (coger) caught caughtchoose (escoger) chose chosencome (venir) came comecost (costar) cost costcut (cortar) cut cutdo (hacer) did donedraw (dibujar) drew drawndrink (beber) drank drunkdrive (conducir) drove driveneat (comer) ate eatenfall (caer) fell fallenfeel (sentir) felt felti ght (luchar) fought foughti nd (encontrar) found foundfl y (volar) fl ew fl own
forget (olvidar) forgot forgotten
get (→ Unidad 57) got got
give (dar) gave given
go (ir) went gone
grow (crecer) grew grown
hang (colgar) hung hung
have (tener) had had
hear (oír) heard heard
hide (esconder) hid hidden
hit (golpear) hit hit
hold (sujetar) held held
hurt (herir) hurt hurt
keep (mantener) kept kept
know (saber/conocer) knew known
leave (dejar/irse) left left
lend (prestar) lent lent
infi nitivo past simpleparticipio
pasado
let (dejar/permitir) let let
lie (tumbarse) lay lain
light (encender) lit lit
lose (perder) lost lost
make (hacer) made made
mean (signifi car) meant meant
meet (encontrar) met met
pay (pagar) paid paid
put (poner) put put
read (leer) (reed)* read (red)* read (red)*
ride (montar) rode ridden
ring (sonar/telefonear) rang rung
rise (levantar) rose risen
run (correr) ran run
say (decir) said said
see (ver) saw seen
sell (vender) sold sold
send (enviar) sent sent
shine (brillar) shone shone
shoot (disparar) shot shot
show (mostrar) showed shown
shut (cerrar) shut shut
sing (cantar) sang sung
sit (sentarse) sat sat
sleep (dormir) slept slept
speak (hablar) spoke spoken
spend (gastar/pasar) spent spent
stand (estar de pie) stood stood
steal (robar) stole stolen
swim (nadar) swam swum
take (tomar/llevar) took taken
teach (enseñar) taught taught
tear (rasgar) tore torn
tell (decir) told told
think (pensar) thought thought
throw (tirar) threw thrown
understand (entender) understood understood
wake (despertar) woke woken
wear (llevar puesto) wore worn
win (ganar) won won
write (escribir) wrote written
Estos verbos pueden ser regulares (-ed) o irregulares (-t):
infi nitivo
burn
dream
past simple / participio pasado
burned o burnt
dreamed o dreamt
infi nitivo
learn
smell
past simple / participio pasado
learned o learnt
smelled o smelt
* pronunciación
Apéndice 2Lista de verbos irregulares (→ Unidad 25)
247
Ejercicios complementarios
was/were y (I worked / did you work? etc.) Unidades 11–13
10 Completa las frases usando sólo una palabra.
1 I got up early and had a shower.
2 Tom was tired last night, so he to bed early.
3 I this key on the fl oor. Is it yours?
4 Kate got married when she 23.
5 Helen is learning to drive. She her fi rst lesson yesterday.
6 ‘I’ve got a new job.’ ‘Yes, I know. David me.’
7 ‘Where did you buy that book?’ ‘It was a present. Amy it to me.’
8 We hungry, so we had something to eat.
9 ‘Did you enjoy the fi lm?’ ‘Yes, I it was very good.’
10 ‘Did Andy come to your party?’ ‘No, we him, but he didn’t come.’
11 Observa las preguntas y las respuestas de Joe. Escribe frases sobre Joe cuando era pequeño.
When you were a child …
Were you tall? No. 1 He wasn’t tall.
Did you like school? Yes. 2 He liked school.
Were you good at sport? Yes. 3 He
Did you play football? Yes. 4
Did you work hard at school? No. 5
Did you have a lot of friends? Yes. 6
Did you have a bike? No. 7
Were you a quiet child? No. 8
12 Completa las preguntas.
1 Did you have a nice holiday? Yes, it was great, thanks.
2 Where did you go ? To Amsterdam.
3 there? Five days.
4 Amsterdam? Yes, very much.
5 ? I have friends in Amsterdam, so I stayed with them.
6 good? Yes, it was warm and sunny.
7 back? Yesterday.
13 Pon el verbo en la forma correcta (afi rmativa, negativa o interrogativa).
1 It was a good party. I enjoyed it. (I / enjoy)
2 ‘ Did you do the shopping?’ (you / do) ‘No, I I didn’t have time.’ (I / have)
3 ‘Did you phone Adam?’ ‘No, I’m afraid .’ (I / forget)
4 I like your new watch. Where it? (you / get)
5 I saw Lucy at the party, but to her. (I / speak)
6 : a nice weekend? (you / have) : Yes, I went to stay with some friends of mine.7 Paul wasn’t well yesterday, so to work. (he / go)8 ‘Is Mary here?’ ‘Yes, fi ve minutes ago.’ (she / arrive)
9 Where before he moved here? (Robert / live)
10 � e restaurant wasn’t expensive. very much. (the meal / cost)
Joe
246
Ejercicios complementarios
(I’m working) y (I work) Unidades 4–9
8 Completa las frases.
9 Selecciona las expresiones correctas.
1 ‘ Are you speaking / Do you speak English?’ ‘Yes, a little.’ (Do you speak es la forma correcta)
2 Sometimes we’re going / we go away at weekends.
3 It’s a nice day today. � e sun is shining / shines.
4 (You meet Kate in the street.) Hello, Kate. Where are you going / do you go?
5 How often are you going / do you go on holiday?
6 Emily is a writer. She’s writing / She writes books for children.
7 I’m never reading / I never read newspapers.
8 ‘Where are Mark and Laura?’ ‘� ey’re watching / � ey watch TV in the living room.’
9 Helen is in her offi ce. She’s talking / She talks to somebody.
10 What time are you usually having / do you usually have dinner?
11 Joe isn’t at home at the moment. He’s visiting / He visits some friends.
12 ‘Would you like some tea?’ ‘No, thank you. I’m not drinking / I don’t drink tea.’
7
2
5
3
6
98
4
Please be quiet.I’m working (I/work).
Do you often go (you/often/go) to the
cinema?
What (you/cook)?
Jack (play) the piano very well.
(I/go) now. Goodbye!
(it/rain). Can I take this umbrella?
(I/not/watch) TV very much.
What’s this word? How
(you/pronounce) it?
1
Excuse me, (we/look) for
the museum.
Información Ejercicios
También hay unos Ejercicios
complementarios detrás de los
Apéndices (páginas 243–261)
que aparecen relacionados en la
página 243.
No olvides los ocho Apéndices al final
del libro (páginas 233–242). Te darán
información sobre la voz activa y la
voz pasiva, los verbos irregulares, las
contracciones, la ortografía, algunas
locuciones verbales (phrasal verbs)
y el uso de los cuantificadores.
Cada unidad tiene dos
páginas. La izquierda
contiene información y
la derecha ejercicios.
Estudia la página de la
izquierda y luego haz los
ejercicios de la página de
la derecha.
Verifica tus respuestas con ayuda de las Soluciones.
Las Soluciones a los ejercicios aparecen en las páginas
272–298.
Si es necesario, estudia nuevamente la página de la
izquierda.
Unidad
4Ejercicios4.1 ¿Qué están haciendo estas personas? Completa las frases usando los verbos siguientes:
eat have lie play sit wait
9
1 She’s eating an apple. 4 on the fl oor.
2 He for a bus. 5 breakfast.
3 � ey football. 6 on the table.
4.2 Completa las frases usando uno de estos verbos:
build cook go have stand stay swim work
1 Please be quiet. I .2 ‘Where’s John?’ ‘He’s in the kitchen. He .’3 ‘You on my foot.’ ‘Oh, I’m sorry.’4 Look! Somebody in the river.5 We’re here on holiday. We at the Central Hotel.6 ‘Where’s Sue?’ ‘She a shower.’7 � ey a new hotel in the city centre at the moment.8 I now. Goodbye.
4.3 Observa el dibujo y escribe frases sobre Jane usando She’s -ing o She isn’t -ing.
1 (have dinner) 2 (watch TV) 3 (sit on the fl oor) She
4 (read a book)
5 (play the piano)
6 (laugh)
7 (wear a hat)
8 (drink coff ee)
4.4 ¿Qué ocurre en este momento? Escribe frases verdaderas.
1 (I / wash / my hair)
2 (it / snow) o 3 (I / sit / on a chair)
4 (I / eat)
5 (it / rain)
6 (I / learn / English)
7 (I / listen / to music)
8 (the sun / shine)
9 (I / wear / shoes)
10 (I / read / a newspaper)
4.5 Traduce al inglés.
1 Pablo está sentado en el sofá y Sandra 5 Apaga la televisión. No la estás viendo.
está de pie. 6 Ana está tumbada en la cama.
2 Llueve mucho ahora. 7 Laura no está de pie. Está sentada allí.
3 Hoy mi hermana lleva una blusa y 8 Paul está nadando en la piscina.
vaqueros. 9 Lisa está escribiendo la lista de la compra.
4 Javier está leyendo un libro.
vaqueros = jeans
apagar = turn off
en la cama = in bed
piscina = swimming
pool
lista de la compra =
shopping list
1 2 3 4 5 6
’m working
Jane isn’t having dinner.
I’m not washing my hair.It’s snowing. It isn’t snowing.
She’s watching TV.
Jane
Unidad
A
B
8
I am doing (present continuous)4
She’s eating. It’s raining. � ey’re running.
She isn’t reading. � e sun isn’t shining. � ey aren’t walking.
I’m eating. We’re running.
El se forma así:
am/is/are + doing/eating/running/writing etc.
I am (not)
–ing
I’m working. I’m not watching TV.
Maria is reading a newspaper.
She isn’t eating. (o She’s not eating.)
� e bus is coming.
We’re having dinner.
You’re not listening to me. (o You aren’t listening …)
� e children are doing their homework.
he
she
it
is (not)
we
you
theyare (not)
El expresa un hecho o una acción en curso:
I’m working/playing/eating etc. equivalen a ‘estoy trabajando/jugando/comiendo’ etc., pero en español
también se usa a veces con el mismo valor el presente de indicativo (trabajo/juego/como):
Please be quiet. I’m working. … Estoy trabajando.
Look, there’s Sarah! She’s wearing a brown coat. … lleva puesto …
� e weather is nice. It’s not raining. … No llueve. / No está lloviendo.
‘Where are the children?’ ‘� ey’re playing in the park.’ … juegan / están jugando …
(al teléfono) We’re having dinner now. Can I call you later? … estamos cenando …
You can turn off the television. I’m not watching it. … No la veo / estoy viendo.
Diferencias entre el inglés y el español:
� ey are sitting on the sofa. Están sentados en el sofá.
She’s standing by the window. Está de pie junto a la ventana.
Brian’s lying in the sun. Brian está tumbado al sol.
(→ Apéndice 5):
come → coming write → writing dance → dancingrun → running sit → sitting swim → swimming
lie → lying
I’m workingshe’s wearing a hat
they’re playing football
I’m not watching TV
pasado ahora futuro
am/is/are ➜ Unidad 1 are you doing? ( , interrogación) ➜ Unidad 5 I am doing ( ) y I do ( ) ➜ Unidad 9 What are you doing tomorrow? (presente con signifi cado futuro) ➜ Unidad 26
Soluciones a los ejercicios
UNIDAD 1
1.12 they’re3 it isn’t / it’s not4 that’s5 I’m not6 you aren’t / you’re not1.22 ’m/am 6 are3 is 7 is … are4 are 8 ’m/am … is5 ’s/is
1.32 I’m not / I am not3 He’s / He is / He isn’t / He’s not4 they’re / they a
11 My sister isn’t / is not very happy today. She’s / She is sad.12 My house is old but it’s big and it’s in the centre.
UNIDAD 2
2.12 F 6 E3 H 7 B4 C 8 I5 A 9 D2.23 Is your job interesting?4 Are the shops open today?5 Where are you from?
3.23 Is it4 He’s / He is5 I’m / I am o it’s / it is6 Is she7 they’re / they are8 Are you9 I’m / I am o It’s / it is
10 is he11 It’s / It is … It’s / It is3.32 I’m / I am hungry. o I’m not / I am not hungry.3 I’m / I am in a hurry. o I’m not /I am not in a hur
En muchos ejercicios se pueden usar las formas completas del verbo (I am, it is, she will, he has etc.) o las contracciones (I’m, it’s, she’ll,
he’s etc.). En el Apéndice 4 encontrarás las contracciones. Algunos ejercicios pueden tener más de una respuesta correcta (aparecerán
señalados como ‘modelo de respuesta’) y las traducciones pueden no coincidir exactamente con las que tú hagas. En caso de duda,
consulta con tu profesor o profesora.
Cambridge University Press978-8-490-36103-0 — Essential Grammar in Use Book with answers and Interactive eBook Spanish editionRaymond Murphy , Fernando Garcia Clemente FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
x
Las características generales más importantes de este libro son:
es un libro de gramática. No se ocupa de otros aspectos de la lengua inglesa.
va dirigido a estudiantes de nivel elemental y no aborda cuestiones de gramática que normalmente no se aprenden
o enseñan en este nivel.
es a la vez un libro de consulta y de ejercicios. No es un libro de texto y no está organizado de un modo progresivo.
utiliza el español en las explicaciones y como referencia contrastiva entre las dos lenguas.
se dirige a los estudiantes y está concebido para el estudio individual.
Organización del libro
El libro consta de 115 unidades sobre distintos aspectos gramaticales. El material se organiza a partir de categorías
gramaticales (tiempos verbales, formas interrogativas, artículos, etc.). Las unidades no están ordenadas según criterios
de dificultad y, por tanto, deben usarse de acuerdo con las necesidades de los estudiantes: no aconsejamos seguir
estrictamente el orden en que aparecen. Las secciones Indice general e Indice analítico facilitan la consulta.
Cada unidad consta de dos páginas: en la izquierda aparecen las explicaciones con ejemplos y observaciones
contrastivas, en la derecha se encuentran los ejercicios correspondientes. Hay ocho Apéndices (páginas 233–242)
dedicados a voz activa y voz pasiva, verbos irregulares, contracciones, ortografía, locuciones verbales (phrasal verbs)
y cuantificadores. Puede ser conveniente dirigir la atención de los estudiantes a esta sección.
Al final del libro hay una serie de ejercicios complementarios (páginas 243 – 261). Estos ejercicios proporcionan práctica
globalizada al unir puntos gramaticales tratados en diferentes unidades (especialmente los relacionados con formas
verbales). Hay 35 ejercicios en esta sección con un índice en la página.
También al final del libro hay una Guía para el estudio que será de ayuda para que los estudiantes decidan qué unidades
han de estudiar – véase la página 262.
Finalmente, las Soluciones (páginas 272–298) permiten a los estudiantes comprobar sus respuestas a todos los ejercicios
del libro.
Nivel
El libro es para estudiantes de nivel elemental, es decir, estudiantes con escaso conocimiento del inglés, aunque no
principiantes absolutos. Se dirige principalmente a los estudiantes de nivel elemental que hayan superado los estadios
iniciales de un curso para principiantes. También se podría usar por estudiantes de nivel intermedio bajo cuya gramática
sea más floja que otros aspectos de su inglés o que tengan problemas con áreas concretas de gramática básica.
Las explicaciones van dirigidas al estudiante de nivel elemental y por eso son tan sencillas y breves como es posible. El
vocabulario que se usa en los ejemplos y en los ejercicios también se ha restringido para que el libro pueda usarse en
este nivel.
Uso del libro
Se puede usar para el estudio individual (véase A los estudiantes), o como material complementario. En ambos casos
puede servir como libro de consulta de gramática elemental.
Si se usa en clase, puede servir para actividades de refuerzo o bien para repaso y recuperación. Se puede usar con toda
la clase o sólo con los estudiantes que necesiten apoyo o práctica adicionales.
A veces será conveniente usar en clase la página izquierda (presentación y explicación), aunque ha sido concebida para
estudio y consulta individual. En la mayor parte de los casos será mejor que el profesor o la profesora presente el punto
gramatical del modo que considere oportuno y los estudiantes realicen los ejercicios en casa, con la página izquierda
como referencia.
Habrá profesores y profesoras que prefieran usar el libro para actividades de revisión y recuperación. En tal caso se
orientará el trabajo individual o en grupo hacia la unidad o unidades apropiadas.
Al final de cada unidad hay un ejercicio de traducción basado en diferencias formales entre el inglés y el español. Se
facilita la traducción de algunas palabras o expresiones cuando se supone que los estudiantes pueden desconocerlas
o para evitar errores que no se relacionen con el punto gramatical que aborda la unidad (por ejemplo, la traducción
‘en barco = by boat’ aparece en una unidad que trata del present perfect). Estas traducciones se refieren únicamente al
contexto del ejercicio concreto. Así, por ejemplo, la traducción de ‘las arañas’ en el ejercicio 3.4.7 aparece como spiders
(y no como the spiders).
Este libro se ha elaborado considerando posibles dificultades gramaticales contrastando el inglés y el castellano, por
lo que puede ser útil para cualquier usuario de esta lengua como materna. El término ‘español’ se refiere al castellano
como se usa normalmente en España.
A los profesores
Cambridge University Press978-8-490-36103-0 — Essential Grammar in Use Book with answers and Interactive eBook Spanish editionRaymond Murphy , Fernando Garcia Clemente FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
Versión eBook interactivo
Se puede comprar este libro sin o con la versión eBook. El eBook contiene las mismas explicaciones y los mismos
ejercicios que la versión impresa pero en inglés. Es un complemento ideal para la versión en castellano y un recurso
perfecto para estudiar gramática en cualquier momento y en cualquier lugar.
Cómo conseguir tu eBook
Seguir la instrucciones en la portada interior de este libro.
guardar respuestas
marcar páginas
tomar apuntes
usar el diccionario
escuchar ejemplos
resaltar texto
Uso del eBook
Se puede usar el eBook en iPad, Android, PC o Mac.
Usando el eBook, se puede:
already/yet + present perfect ➜ Unit 16 word order (still/already) ➜ Unit 94 already word order ( already
Unit
A
B
C that’s = that is there’s = there is here’s = here is
� ank you. � at’s very kind of you.
Look! � ere’s Chris.
‘Here’s your key.’ ‘� ank you.’
positive negative
I am (I’m) I am not (I’m not)
he
she
it
is(he’s)
(she’s)
(it’s)
he
she
it
is not(he’s not or he isn’t)
(she’s not or she isn’t)
(it’s not or it isn’t)
we
you
they
are(we’re)
(you’re)
(they’re)
we
you
they
are not(we’re not or we aren’t)
(you’re not or you aren’t)
(they’re not or they aren’t)
short form short forms
I’m cold. Can you close the window, please?
I’m 32 years old. My sister is 29.
Steve is ill. He’s in bed.
My brother is scared of dogs.
It’s ten o’clock. You’re late again.
Ann and I are good friends.
Your keys are on the table.
I’m tired, but I’m not hungry.
Lisa isn’t interested in politics. She’s interested in art.
James isn’t a teacher. He’s a student.
� ose people aren’t English. � ey’re Australian.
It’s sunny today, but it isn’t warm.
am/is/are1
am/is/are (questions) ➜ Unit 2 there is/are ➜ Unit 37 a/an ➜ Unit 65 short forms ➜ Appendix 4
I’m 22.
My father is a doctor and my mother is a journalist.
I’m a student.
My name is Lisa.
I’m American. I’m from Chicago.
My favourite colour is blue.
I’m not interested in politics.
I’m interested in art.
My favourite sports are football and swimming.
Here’s your key.
Thank you.
I’m scared of dogs.
Unit 1 Exercise 5
Write sentences for the pictures. Use:
angry cold hot hungry scared thirsty
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2 � ey
They’re / They are cold.
3 He
He’s / He is hot.
4
He’s / He is scared.
5
They’re / They are hungry.
6
She’s / She is angry.
Unit 1 Exercise 5
Write sentences for the pictures. Use:
angry cold hot hungry scared thirsty
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2 � ey
They’re / They are cold.
3 He
He’s / He is hot.
4
He’s / He is scared.
5
They’re / They are hungry.
6
She’s / She is angry.