inception report and gap analysis

Inception report and Gap analysis Boiler inspection

Riga, June 2004

Inception report and gap analysis – boiler inspection

Table of Content 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 3

2 BOILER INSTALLATIONS – GAP ANALYSIS............................................................................... 4 2.1 INSTITUTIONAL GAPS ...................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 EDUCATIONAL GAPS........................................................................................................................ 4 2.3 TECHNICAL GAP .............................................................................................................................. 5

3 TRAINING COURSE ........................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 SYLLABUS OF THE COURSE.............................................................................................................. 7 3.2 POTENTIAL LECTURERS AND TEACHERS OF THE TRAINING COURSE................................................. 8 3.3 CONTENT OF THE TRAINING MATERIAL........................................................................................... 9 3.4 TARGET GROUP ............................................................................................................................. 10 3.5 POSSIBLE TRAINING SITES ............................................................................................................. 11

4 LIST AND CONTENTS OF DANISH EDUCATIONAL SCHEMES............................................ 12

5 MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT...................................................................................................... 16 5.1 SUGGESTED EQUIPMENT FOR THE INSPECTOR................................................................................ 16 5.2 LATVIAN SUPPLIER OF MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT....................................................................... 16 5.3 AVAILABILITY IN THE LATVIAN MARKET OF MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT..................................... 17

6 PRESENTATION OF THE PRESENT CERTIFICATION SYSTEM .......................................... 18 6.1 INFORMATION ABOUT INSTITUTE OF PERSONNEL CERTIFICATION ................................................ 18 6.2 PERSONNEL CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT – BASIC STAGES IN PREPARING ASSESSMENT STARTING IN NEW SPHERE. ............................................................................................................................................... 18 6.3 RESULT FROM THE DISCUSSION WITH IPC..................................................................................... 20

7 PRESENT LEGAL SITUATION (LAWS AND REGULATIONS)................................................ 21 7.1 EMISSION REGULATIONS ............................................................................................................... 21

7.1.1 Regulations for different fuels, emissions limits depending on heat output capacity (MW) .... 23 7.1.2 Emission measurements........................................................................................................... 24

7.2 LOCAL STANDARDS FOR BOILERS – ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY LEGISLATION........................ 25 7.2.1 “A, B or C category permissions”........................................................................................... 25 7.2.2 Law on environmental impact assessment............................................................................... 25

7.3 REGULATIONS FOR FEED-WATER TREATMENT............................................................................... 26 7.4 REGULATIONS FOR BOILER OPERATION AND CONTROL ................................................................. 26

7.4.1 Regulations for boilers ............................................................................................................ 26 7.4.2 Regulations for steam boilers .................................................................................................. 29 7.4.3 Regulations for combustion installations fuelled with gaseous substances............................. 31 7.4.4 Regulation for dangerous installations.................................................................................... 32

7.5 A, B, C CATEGORY PERMIT, NEW AMENDMENT ............................................................................. 32 8 LIST OF SOURCES............................................................................................................................ 34 Appendix: 1) Regulation No 379, tables of Annex I, Annex II and Annex III

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1 INTRODUCTION

This inception and gap analysis report of work group 2, on boilers in Latvia, has been prepared in the framework of the “Implementation of the EU directive on energy performance of buildings: development of the Latvian Scheme for energy auditing of building and inspection of boilers”.

The report is the basis for the establishment of training of boiler inspectors; it develops a gap analysis for better understanding and estimating the number of installations in Latvia and develops suggestions for the institutional set up.

In particular includes information on existing standard and regulation on boiler, suggestion for the content of the training material of experts for boiler inspections and a syllabus of the training course.

A specific section is dedicated to the suggestion for certification system of trained boiler inspectors.

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2 BOILER INSTALLATIONS – GAP ANALYSIS

The main gaps identified during the project inception phase have been the following:

• Institutional gaps

• Educational gaps

• Technical gaps

In this chapter these gaps are described in further details.

2.1 Institutional gaps

Institutional gaps include the following main aspects:

• Legislative problems, which will be discussed in details in chapter 7.

• Lack of information

The interest about efficient energy generation among governmental institutions, municipalities, industries and commercial entities has risen through years and now there are several municipal DH enterprises and industries that are investing in energy efficiency measures in boiler houses. However, lot of boiler houses are encountering operational and maintenance problems and are operated with energy efficiency lower than expected. One of the reasons behind this has to be attributed to the lack of information. In particular, governmental institutions have arranged very few campaigns and workshops about energy efficiency of DH systems in the last ten years.

• Lack of certification system

At the moment in Latvia there is not a certification system for boiler equipments. The development of two types of certification systems could enhance and significantly improve energy efficiency in Latvia. These two types of certification systems could be:

- certification system of boiler energy efficiency experts;

- certification system of boilers.

Both systems will be able to operate only in case that a legislative framework for boiler energy efficiency experts will be created and developed. Certification of boilers by use of efficiency labelling could be the second step for certification system of boilers in Latvia.

2.2 Educational gaps

• Barriers

Many municipalities and enterprises did not have the necessary data and technical skills as well as finances to install the most cost-effective boilers.

The lack of training in energy efficiency of boilers at the university/technical high schools level was observed. It was identified only one Master study programme on Environmental Engineering at Riga Technical University, which included 10 hours course on Energy Technology.

Ekodoma, Ltd. organized a set of two-three seminars about energy efficiency of boilers for engineers and representatives of municipalities in last two years. However, these activities were rather irregular.

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Installation / reconstruction and refurbishment of boilers were usually financed by state funds or bank loans. Banks have obtained a rather extensive experience in financing energy efficiency projects. Today as well as experience and awareness about performance contracting and third party financing is rising between Latvian financial institutions and banks.

There were no experts of boilers certified in Latvia. There are few energy auditors with special knowledge on boiler energy efficiency in Latvia.

• Plan for overcoming the barriers

Plans to overcome the barriers above-mentioned are built on different activities, in particular:

1) to develop training course material for boiler experts;

2) to test training course material in pilot group of boiler experts;

3) to support certification of boiler experts in Latvia;

4) introduce a module in Energy Efficiency of Boilers at the Riga Technical University.

In chapter 3 more detailed information is provided about the training course.

2.3 Technical gap

The main technical gap concerned the number of boilers installed in Latvia and the fuel used. Survey on installed boilers has been prepared using several information sources:

1. Database on boilers in Latvia, prepared by Latvian Environmental Agency; 2. Database on boilers in Latvia, prepared by Ekodoma, Ltd.; 3. Data from Gas utility company – Latvijas Gaze 4. Data from local boiler suppliers

The analysis is rather detailed and with quantitative data for all type of boilers with installed capacity greater then 200kW. For boiler with installed capacity less than 200kW the analysis is mainly based on the following data:

Information provided by Latvijas Gaze – Latvian natural gas utility Experts opinion

Boilers have been classified by size and fuel type. In particular boiler have been divided by the following range of size:

• Boiler with installed capacity between 0,02 and 0,2 MW

• Boiler with installed capacity between 0,2 and 0,5 MW

• Boiler with installed capacity between 0,5 and 1MW

• Boiler with installed capacity between 1 and 5MW



• Boiler with installed capacity more than 20MW And by the following type of fuels:

• Oil

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• Natural Gas

• LPG

• Biomass

• Coal

• Other Fuels In table 1 is provided a summery of the implemented technical gap analysis. The predominant size of boilers is in range of 20 kW up to 0,2 MW using natural gas – this number has to be considered as a qualitative number; this is an estimation concerning the natural gas fired boiler obtained analyzing natural gas consumption from the data provided by the Latvian Gas utility. Then concerning oil, LPG, biomass, coal and other fuels in the range from 0,02-0,2MW the table includes only the boilers registered in the database of the Latvian Environmental Agency, therefore these numbers should be definitely up rounded. The data are more quantitative for boiler size over 0,2MW. Table 1: estimation of number of boilers in Latvia

0,02 - 0,2 MW

0,2 - 0,5 MW

0,5 - 1 MW

1 - 5 MW

5 - 10 MW

10 - 20 MW

> 20 MW Total

Oil 7 12 50 122 47 26 48 312 Natural Gas 29000 220 226 412 94 74 85 30111 LPG 13 2 9 4 28 Biomass 592 994 791 418 52 29 6 2882 Coal 151 235 216 90 11 703 Other Fuels 98 106 124 130 24 23 33 538 Total Number 29861 1569 1416 1176 228 152 172 34574

[Data from: Latvian Environmental Agency and Gas utility company – Latvijas Gaze] In terms of time of installation, in Latvia the boilers can be classified as follows:

• Boilers installed between 1975 and 1991

• Boilers installed between 1991 and today Boiler installed between 1975 and 1991 are boilers made in ex-USSR. These boilers were mainly manufactured in: Bijska, Dorogobuzhska or Taganroga. Typically these boilers are fuelled by natural gas, HFO or coal and in some case with rather good efficiency. The main limit concerns the elasticity; in fact the efficiency of these boilers become very low when are operating at lower regime from the design capacity. A large share of currently operating boilers (about 70%) belongs to this category. DKVR, DE, E1/9, UNIVERSAL, MINSK are the most popular boilers made in ex Soviet Union. Boilers installed after 1991 are mainly made in west or central European countries (Germany, Denmark, Sweden, etc.) There are few remarkable local boiler producers in Latvia, which are “Orion” and “Komfort”. Share of biofuels has slowly increased, reaching 50% in 2002. Likely, this trend will continue as well in future – wood based biofuels are broadly available, and although its price is increasing, currently is one of cheapest available fuel.

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3 TRAINING COURSE

3.1 Syllabus of the course

The training course of expert for boiler inspection will be structured in three parts: 1. Theoretical part 2. Practical and laboratory work 3. Workshop – presentation of the practical work

The course will be carried out in Latvian and developed in a time frame of 64 hours over two weeks period. In box 1 is provided the draft syllabus of the course.

Box 1: syllabus of the course

Aim of the Course The aim of the course is to train and form specialists for boiler inspection in relation to energy efficiency in the framework of the EP Directive. Syllabus The course is distributed over two parts:

• Theory part (x credits) • Practical work (x credits)

The theory part of the course is structured into the following themes:

1. Introduction to the course, units and fuel properties 2. Basic principals of fuel combustion 3. Fuel storage and fuel transportation systems 4. Burners theory 5. Furnaces theory 6. Boilers theory 7. Boiler operation and maintenance 8. Energy efficiency and conversion of existing boilers 9. Auxiliary equipment. Flue gas stacks and chimneys 10. Theory on measurement equipments for boiler inspection Heat control systems 11. Economical aspects 12. Financial aspects 13. Environmental aspects

The course will consist of a series of lectures, many accompanied by exercises where the students work on applied or theoretical problems. Problem solution will be developed as well as by software enhancement tools during laboratory sessions. Besides lectures and exercises there is a field day to a boiler house where students make studies and inspection of boilers with measurement equipments. The students will be required to prepare an oral and written presentation of the specific case. Prerequisites General course in thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, heat transfer, energy technologies (University diploma). Good knowledge of application software. Practical experience and knowledge of boilers' operation (reference letters) Participation in continuing training courses before (certificates) Required reading Training material on energy efficiency for boiler installations Course Requirements

Attendance is required for all exercises, oral presentations and field day.

Training course for boiler experts Language: Latvian Time Lectures: 48h Field visit: 4h Laboratory: 8h Workshop: 4h Coordinator Professor Dagnija Blumberga [email protected]

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mailto:[email protected]


3.2 Potential lecturers and teachers of the training course

The potential lecturers are Latvian energy expert connected to Riga Technical University with several years of experience in teaching. The proposed staff included the following potential lecturers (alphabetic order):

Docent Dr. Sc. Ing. G.Bažbauers

Docent Dr. Sc. Ing. A.Blumberga

Professor Dr. Hab. Sc. Ing. D.Blumberga

Docent Dr. Sc. Ing. M.Gedrovičs

Professor Dr. Hab. Sc. Ing. I.Veidenbergs

Docent M. Sc. Ing. H.Vorps

In table 1 are provided more detailed information on the topic covered in the course, forecasted needed hours and proposed lecturer.

Table 1. Lectures of the training course, duration and lecturers

Topic Hours Teacher

1 Fuel 2 I.Veidenbergs

2 Combustion theory 4 H.Vorps

3 Furnaces and burners 4 H.Vorps

4 Fuel storages 2 D.Blumberga

5 Boilers 4 D.Blumberga

6 O&M of boilers 4 M.Gedrovičs

7 Auxiliary equipment in boiler houses 4 H.Vorps

8 Energy balance of boilers and boiler houses 4 M.Gedrovičs

9 Measurements 4 I. Veidenbergs

10 Calculations of combustion. Energy efficiency calculations 4 M.Gedrovičs

11 Control of operation of boilers 4

12 Energy efficiency performance in boiler house. Practical work 12 D.Blumberga

13 Economical aspects of energy efficiency in boiler houses 4 G.Bažbauers

14 Environmental aspects of energy efficiency in boiler houses 2 I.Veidenbergs

15 Financial issues of energy efficiency in boiler houses. Third party financing 2 A.Blumberga

16 Presentation of course work 4 D.Blumberga

Total 64

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3.3 Content of the Training material

The training material will be developed following the draft version of the table of content proposed in box 2 of this section.

The material will be developed using already local existing literature, Danish material from VKO and complemented with local examples and case studies. Box 2: table of content of the training course of exspert for inspection of boilers 1. Fuel

1.1 oils 1.2 gas 1.3 coal 1.4 wood 1.5 peat

2. Combustion 2.1 Combustion chemistry 2.2 Flue gas calculation in practice 2.3 Combustion of:

o fuel oils o water-oil emulsions o Oil additives o Natural gas o Coal o Biomass o peat

3. Fuel storage, transportation system from storage to boiler 3.1 Tank installations

o Regulations o Oil tanks and pipe installations

3.2 Storage for solid fuel 3.3 Natural gas regulation system

4. Burners 4.1 Pressurized burners for gaseous fuel oil burners

o Oil pumps o Oil spray nozzles o Choice of nozzle size

4.2 Fuel oil burners o Pressurized burners o Rotational burners o Air- and steam pressurization burners

4.3 Gas burners 5. Burner regulation

5.1 Choice of operational mode 5.2 O2 management – automatic post regulation of combustion

6. Furnaces 6.1 fixed grates 6.2 moving grates 6.3 air input (primary, secondary, tertiary)

7. Boilers 7.1 Considerations when choosing a boiler 7.2 Examination of needed boiler output 7.3 Boiler types 7.4 Boiler cleaning 7.5 Water treatment 7.6 Boiler efficiency 7.7 Flue gas corrosion

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7.8 Output of flue gas heat when flue gas temperature 80 oC 7.9 Converting existing boiler from oil to gas 7.10 Converting existing boiler from coal to gas 7.11 Converting existing boiler from coal to wood 7.12 Converting existing boiler from coal to oil

8. Flue gas stacks and chimneys 8.1 Environmental considerations 8.2 Stack and chimney types 8.3 Improving existing stack and chimney 8.4 Pressure and draught regulators 8.5 Condensing of vapor from flue gas

9. Hot water distribution systems 9.1 Hot water tanks, heat exchangers 9.2 Temperature regulation 9.3 Electrolysis plant

10. Heat control systems 10.1 How to decide flow temperature 10.2 Adjustment and correction 10.3 Weather compensation and optimizers 10.4 Zone regulation 10.5 Degree days 10.6 Differential pressure regulation

11. Adjustment of radiators 11.1 Why regulation is needed 11.2 Pre investigation of heating equipment 11.3 Calculation of energy savings during adjustment 11.4 Control methods 11.5 Heat losses 11.6 Radiator valves – type and dimension 11.7 Heating systems 11.8 Correction of flow temperatures 11.9 Proportional differential method 11.10 Radiator thermostats and adjustments 11.11 Adjustment of primary system 11.12 Measurements

12. The consultant measurement equipment 13. Units

13.1 Calorific values 14. Literature Annexes

Best practise for testing of oil and gas fired heating systems when being commissioned Measurement and calculation of energy economy and measurement of combustion quality on gas

fired boilers with atmospheric burners

3.4 Target group

The training course will be tested on a pilot group of approximately 10 participants in September 2004. The participants will be selected following several criteria in order to fulfil the requirements and level of the course. In general the candidates will have to comply with the following prerequisites:

General course in thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, heat transfer, energy technologies (Diploma of University).

Good knowledge of application software.

Practical experience and knowledge of boilers' operation (reference letters).

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Participation in continuing training courses before (certificates). The participants will have to attend all exercises, oral presentations and fieldwork – as requirement. This will be included and explained in the application letter for candidates to the course. The selection of the participants for the pilot training course on September 2004 will start on August 2004.

3.5 Possible training sites

For the practical part of the training course, where measurements and field visits will be carried out at a boiler house, there are several possibilities in the surroundings of Riga.

In particular the following companies have been contacted and are willing to cooperate:

• District heating company – Rīgas Siltums –– boiler house located in Lēpju Street 4.

In this boiler house there are two DKVR-10 steam boilers, fuelled by natural gas (or alternatively oil) with installed capacity of 8MW each. Then one steam boiler VIZMA with installed capacity of 8MW, fuelled by wood chips and finally two hot water boilers KVGM-10, with installed capacity of 11,6MW, fuelled by natural gas (or alternatively oil). The contact person is Uģis Ķērniņš (+371 7840740)

• Greenhouse company – Agerat – boiler house located in Beberbeku Street 10

In this boiler house there are 7 water boilers RK-1,6 with installed capacity 1,86MW each fuelled by natural gas (or alternatively oil). The contact persons is Emeriks Makleris (+371 7934003)

• Car company – SIA EIRO Auto – boiler house located in Raudas Street 12

In this boiler house there are 2 water boilers MIGTY THERM with installed capacity of 0,3MW each, fuelled by natural gas. The contact person is Ivars Šikurs (+371 7614486)

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4 LIST AND CONTENTS OF DANISH EDUCATIONAL SCHEMES

Since 1980 the Danish education of inspectors for oil and gas fired boilers has been covered by three different types of education:

1. OR – Oliefyrsservice Registreringsordning (The Oil Fired Boilers registration

Scheme) 2. VKO – Varmekonsulentordning (The Heat Consultant Scheme) 3. ELO – Energiledelsesordning (The Energy Management Scheme)

Since 1998 a voluntary scheme aiming at the biomass fired boilers has been in operation. Most of the areas covered by the scheme are aimed at manufacturers but also the service people installing the boilers are covered. The idea behind the scheme is that owners of such a boiler may feel confident when choosing a supplier of biomass boilers because these manufacturers covered by the scheme applies to international, European and national legislation with respect to manufacturing and safety. The service people adopts the regulations too.

4. KSO-BIO – Kvalitetssikringsordning for biobrændselsanlæg (The Quality Assurance Scheme for Bio Mass Fired Boilers)

ad. 1. OR – Oliefyrsservice Registreringsordning (The Oil Fired Boilers Registration

Scheme) Since 1980 the control with small oil fired boilers (below 120 kW) has been regulated by various means of national regulations. Presently the control with oil fired boilers are regulated by the regulation ”Bekendtgørelse nr. 785 af 21. august 2000 om kontrolmåling, justering og rensning af oliefyringsanlæg” (Regulation no. 785 of 21st August 2000 - Control measurement, adjustment and cleaning of oil fired boilers). Everyone wishing to control and adjust smaller oil fired boilers and deliver advice about energy efficient combustion have to follow an exam based education securing the end users that only qualified people are servicing the boilers. This is called the OR-scheme. The OR-scheme is regulated by the Danish Energy Agency in the above regulation focusing at control measurements, adjustment and cleaning of smaller oil fired boilers.

Owners (users) of these boilers are once a year obliged to carry out a cleaning of the boiler. Further, the chimney sweeper doing the cleaning have to carry out a control measurement of the boiler – the so called OR-test – unless the owner has an agreement with a registered oil fired boiler service company focusing at a yearly overhaul of the boiler. This only applies to smaller boilers up to 120 kW being used for heating up buildings. If the control measurements show an inadequate combustion the owner/user within 4 weeks have to secure adjustment and cleaning of the boiler. More information about how to become a chimney sweeper and an introduction to the education may be found at http://www.skorstensfejerlauget.dk/. Main issues in this education are theory and practice re. oil fired boilers, operational issues, measurement equipment and measurements, flue gas analysis, blue flame burners and condensing boilers.

For boilers larger than 120 kW the regulation states that these have to be controlled yearly by an internal service person employed by the owner or the user to take care of the daily service and maintenance of the boiler. The employee have to be registered as a service

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http://www.skorstensfejerlauget.dk/


engineer involving an education focusing at theory and practice re. operation, service and maintenance of oil fired boilers larger than 120 kW including control measurements. This education may be undertaken at a number of specialised AMU schools and is described in details at http://www.hoverdal.dk/Kursusomraader/oliefyrsmontoer.htm.

In Denmark app. 300,000 oil fired boilers are being serviced by an authorized company and app. 50,000 oil fired boilers are being serviced by chimney sweepers having attended short courses in control measurements of smaller boilers.

Inspection, maintenance etc. of gas fired boilers are described in “Gasreglementet” (the National Gas Regulation) including an introduction to the yearly control inspection which have to be documented by a report.

ad. 2. VKO – Varmekonsulentordning (The Heat Consultant Scheme) From 1981 to 1996 the VKO scheme was in effect re. the larger oil fired boilers (above 120 kW). From 1984 the VKO scheme included the gas fired boilers (above 120 kW) too.

It was decided that all VKO consultants should participate in a two-day course focusing at gas fired installations. The aim of the course was through theory and practice to give the participants an understanding of the design, function and operation of gas fired boilers and connections. Further, it was the hope that the participants were gaining an understanding and an appropriate approach towards using gas as a fuel, including the tasks doing the measurements of combustion themselves, doing appropriate calculations re. flue gas losses etc.

Syllabus of the course: - Gas transmission and delivery system - Relations to authorities - Gas types and combustion of gas - Gas burners and gas fired boilers - Control of gas fired heating systems - Flue stack and ventilation conditions - Measurement equipment and measurements in practice

The tasks of the VKO consultant can be described as follows: Oil

fired boilers

Gas fired

boilersEvaluation of own observations and input from the plant engineer re. operation results

X X

Evaluation of combustion X X - combustion quality X X - combustion economy X X Evaluation of boiler plant operation X X - boiler temperature X X - performance X X - low operation losses, summer operation X X - eg. possibility of using flue gas heat content more efficiently X X Evaluation of heat loss in boiler room X X - radiation and convection losses from boiler X X

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http://www.hoverdal.dk/Kursusomraader/oliefyrsmontoer.htm


- insulation quality of pipes, valves etc. X X - electricity usage, pump controls X X Evaluation of heat distribution system X X - heat regulation system X X - flow temperature X X - night and weekend lowerance X X - regulation of system X X Hot water system X X Instruction of plant engineer X X Common evaluation of energy use and energy control X X Evaluation of energy economics and state of operation X X

Educational background for the VKO consultant was typically an M.Sc. or an B.Sc. in engineering. It was obligate to have some practical experience with operation and control of heating systems. The original course aiming at oil fired boilers lasted 6 days including theory and practise – at the end of the course a test was performed resulting in a diploma if passed. The scheme stopped in 1996 and was substituted by the ELO scheme in 1997. The reason for finalizing the VKO scheme were not based on poor performance of the scheme The approach towards energy efficiency and energy savings had since the start of the VKO scheme changed from having the main focus on the single component (read: boilers) to now being focusing on the entire heat installation and the enclosure where the installation is fitted. This change of attitude resulted in a new regulation no. 485 dated 12th June 1996 “Lov om fremme af energi- og vandbesparelser i bygninger” (Regulation for inhancement of energy and water reducing activities within building enclosures). ad. 3. ELO – Energiledelsesordning (The Energy Management Scheme) Will be covered in details by WG 1 but as an introduction to the scheme the syllabus for the boilers is presented below: Syllabus of the course:

- Boilers (types, identification and dimensioning) - Burners (oil and gas) - Boiler efficiency (losses, excess air, cleaning etc.) - Measurement (gas meters, in situ) - Combustion theory (oil and gas) - Relations to authorities (classification and inspection) - Storage facilities - Gas transmission systems and installations - Conversion of boilers (from oil to gas) - Flue stacks (temperature, dampers, regulators etc.) - Ventilation conditions

Within the ELO scheme the following may be of interest too: - CHP production based on smaller decentralized units

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- Optimisation of oil fired heating systems resulting in energy reduction and a lower impact on the environment

- Energy management - Solar heating

ad. 4. KSO-BIO – Kvalitetssikringsordning for biobrændselsanlæg (The Quality

Assurance Scheme for Bio Mass Fired Boilers) The scheme covers the aspects of installation and service for not only bio mass fired boilers but also solar heat and photo voltaics. The aim of the scheme is to secure as high standard as possible when installing and servicing any of the above installations. Since the scheme is not regulated by national law it is all done on a voluntarily basis, but – the owners of the installations decides by himself if he wants to have his installation installed and serviced by a company connected to and agreeing with the KSO-BIO scheme.

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5 MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT

5.1 Suggested equipment for the inspector

Measurement equipment is used to generate relevant operational data from the heating installation. The main purpose is to be able to point at various methods for optimization of the installation with respect to energy economy and a trouble-free operation of the installation.

To be able to live up to this purpose a number of functional demands of the measurement equipment have been developed including maintenance and control demands.

As a minimum the inspector should use these measuring equipments when controlling oil and natural gas fired boiler installations:

1. CO2-meter and/or O2-meter

2. Soot meter with appropriate scaling

3. Electric thermometer with equipment for measuring the flue gas, air and surface temperature

4. U-tube manometer (minimum +/- 2000 Pa = +/- 200 mmWG)

5. Sloping tube manometer (fluid) with appropriate scaling (minimum +/- 200 Pa = +/- 20 mmWG)

6. Bag / Box / Suitcase

A certified controlling scheme of biomass fired boiler installations does not exist today neither in Latvia nor in other countries. However, some guidelines ought to be issued in the same context as for oil, coal and gas fired boilers.

5.2 Latvian supplier of measurement equipment

In Latvia there are 3 main companies that are supplier of different measurement equipment inherent to inspection of boiler and energy audit:

1. SIA INTEGO PLUS, Stabu Street, 17 Riga, (+371 7295797)

2. SIA ABERO, Strutoru Street 14a Riga, (+371 7801078)

3. SIA FILTER, Aizkraukles Street 21, Riga, (+371 7556765_

In general these companies are able to supply the following tools:

• Gas analyses

• Flow meter

• Contact thermometers and thermocouples

• Distance control thermometers

• Soot and dust analyzer

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5.3 Availability in the Latvian market of measurement equipment

The company INTEGO PLUS is dealer of TESTO instruments, produced in Germany and in particular of gas analyzers only.

Delivery terms are approximately between 4-6 weeks after the order, while for spare parts like sensors and filters approximately 4 weeks are enough. The instruments are guarantied for 2 years, while the spare parts for 1 year.

The company provides service for calibration of the instrument and basic maintenance. In case of major maintenance the instruments are sent to the manufacturer in Germany.

Company ABERO is dealer of RAYTEK measurement instrument, and TESTO instruments. They have similar delivery times as INTEGO PLUS, but they offer a wide range of instruments. ABERO is then providing full service and maintenance of all instruments, including calibration service.

Company FILTER offer TESTO instruments and they refer to a foreign supplier.

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6 PRESENTATION OF THE PRESENT CERTIFICATION SYSTEM

6.1 Information about Institute of Personnel Certification

“Institute of Personnel Certification Ltd” (hereinafter IPC), was founded in 1999 as a standing juridical organization and one of its basic activities is personnel conformity assessment. Personnel conformity assessment is carried out in 10 different spheres of competency. The main ones are:

- Quality Manager and Auditor

- Manager and Auditor of HACCP system

- Quality Manager and Auditor of Environmental System

- Quality Manager and Auditor in Laboratory

- Expert of Hazardous Equipment (specialist, who is carrying out controls of hazardous equipment).

In total IPS has certified about 700 specialists; number of involved in the process is 4 regular employees and 30 non-staff employees - experts of examination and certification.

During this period they have demonstrated competency, independence and objectivity by gaining acknowledgement of several institutions.

In 2001 the Latvian National Accreditation Bureau has acknowledged Institute of Personnel Certification’s conformity to standard LVS EN 45013 “General criteria of personnel certification bodies” requirements by accrediting personnel certification in spheres of “Quality Manager” and “HACCP Manager”.

In 2002 the Association of Technical Experts motivated the IPC to undertake personnel conformity assessment in the field of Hazardous equipment experts. In the same year they were accredited by Latvian National Accreditation Bureau and authorized by LR Cabinet to carry out certification in these fields.

In 2002 in Institute of Personnel Certification implemented and certified an integrated quality management system correspondent to requirements of the standards LVS EN 45013 and ISO 9001:2000.

In 2004 by changing of the standard, which determines requirements for personnel certification bodies, there was implemented and at IPC management system integrated the system accordingly to requirements of standard EN ISO/IEC 17024: 2003 “Conformity assessment – General requirements for bodies operating certification of persons. SA “Latvian National Accreditation Bureau” confirmed IPS competency to carry out personnel certification also in correspondence with Standard ISO/IEC 17024:2003 in above-mentioned spheres.

6.2 Personnel conformity assessment – basic stages in preparing assessment starting in new sphere.

In accordance with Standard ISO/IEC 17024: 2003 to undertake certification in a field of technical situation’s evaluation of heating boiler experts (range of capacity up to 500 kW, fluid heating up to 95o C), the following activities are required:

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1. Exploration of parties interested in expert certification and development of a scheme committee.

2. Development of expert certification requirements and criteria (scheme committee + certification body):

shall define not only requirements for necessary education, work experience and skills, but also a specific certification requirements (qualification criteria) – applicable standards / regulations, requirements for training in appropriate sphere. Accordingly to these criteria, a competency assessment for certification candidate is carried out, e.g., examination.

shall develop a training program.

3. Development of a certification scheme (certification body + scheme committee) Contains all requirements and criteria set for Experts, principles (examination methods) of qualification control for certification candidates, process of surveillance for certified persons and even requirements and process of re-certification.

4. Resource determination (certification body) - a) development of requirements for experts involved in certification

committee, exploration of experts involved in Examination and certification committee.

b) specification of technical provision – premises, computer, provision of document confidentiality etc.

5. Development of competency assessment methods, incl. development of methods for examination organizing and result assessment, composition of examination catalogue questions (certification body + scheme committee).

6. Integration of Expert certification principles and schemes into management system of the Certification body (certification body).

7. Practical certification action (certification body)

a) Evaluation and selection of experts involved in examination and certification committee.

b) Evaluation and acknowledgement (if necessary) of educational institutions

c) Acceptance of Expert certification application

d) Organizing and process of examination.

e) Organizing of the Certification committee’s activity.

8. On the basis of the certification committee’s conclusion about competency conformity, a decision is made about certification and a certificate is issued.

9. System’s maintenance (document management, audits, management reviews, corrective and preventive action)

10. Preparation of necessary documents for accreditation in the sphere of Experts.

11. Sphere accreditation by SA “Latvian National Accreditation Bureau”.

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Payment for certification per specialist depends from:

- costs related with IPC accreditation and its maintenance (sphere extension + reassessment + annual payments) (approximately: initial costs up to 500,- LVL + VAT, annual costs around 300,- LVL + VAT),

- anticipated number of certifying persons (approximately 40 experts),

- period of validity of the certificate,

- evaluation procedures (examination existence, certification process, number of persons involved in evaluation and others).

6.3 Result from the discussion with IPC

The meeting held at IPC premises 18th May 2004 was used as a general appetizer to the future cooperation necessary for developing and maintaining the boiler inspection scheme. From PSI side the following questions were of great importance:

- Number of inspectors - Number of examinators - How to cover expenses to exam and certification - Where and how to undertake the exam - How to cooperate between PSI and examinators - Legislation - How does boiler inspections take place in Denmark - How does certification look like in Denmark - How does exam take place in Denmark - How often is it needed to refresh the certification

From WG2 side the following questions were of great importance:

- Minimum no. of attendees to prepare an independent programme - Costs of certification

At PSI premises it is possible to have up to 65 people doing an exam. PSI runs databases for other schemes so it will not be a problem setting up a database involving the attendees to this scheme. PSI will not for the pilot project set up a new accredited programme – this will be considered after the first training course.

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7 PRESENT LEGAL SITUATION (LAWS AND REGULATIONS)

In the next chapter is given a short description of the main standards and regulations concerning boilers in Latvia:

• Regulations on emissions

• Local standards for boilers - A. B or C category permissions

• Regulations for feed-water treatment

• Regulations for boiler operation and control

7.1 Emission regulations

The main regulation concerning emission is the Cabinet of Ministers Regulation No286 “On Air Quality”, issued pursuant to Section 18, paragraph two of the law On Environmental Protection and Section 12, paragraph two of the law On Pollution.

The aim of this regulation is to prevent damage to human health or the environment and to ensure conservation of biological diversity in a long time perspective, taking into account also a safety margin. The Cabinet of Ministers sets standards of air, surface water, groundwater and soil quality, which specify:

1. the date when the standards shall be complied with and the area where they shall apply;

2. the highest and lowest acceptable levels for existence of substances, noise, organisms or other nuisances in the environment or the values pointing at their existence;

3. definite parameters, monitoring procedure and methods that indicates whether the relevant standards are breached;

4. the measures to be taken where the standards have been breached. In Latvia air pollution activities are subdivided in 3 sections. This is regulated in Chapter 4 “Classification of polluting activities and conditions on their operation” of the “Law on pollution”: considering pollution level and impact on or risk for human health and the environment caused by polluting activities, these activities shall be subdivided into categories A, B, and C.

The first Annex of the law is devoted to polluting activities falling within category A, which is the transposition of the IPPC directive. Some examples of A category of polluting activities are:

1. Energy industry • combustion plants with rated thermal input exceeding 50 MW; • mineral oil and gas refineries; • coke ovens; • coal gasification and liquefaction plants;

2. Metal industry • installations for roasting and melting of metallic and sulphide ores; • installations for first or recurrent melting of cast iron and steel, including

continuous cast with capacity over 2,5 tons per hour; • ferrous metals foundries with capacity over 20 tons per day;

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3. Mineral processing and production • Rotary drum dryer installations for:

o clinker cement production with production capacity over 500 tons per day, o lime production with production capacity over 50 tons per day, or any other

kind of dryer for lime production with capacity over 50 tons per day; • Installations for asbestine production

4. etc… In first two annexes of Cabinet of Ministers Regulation No294 "On Application of Category A, B and C Polluting Activities and Permitting of Category A and B Polluting Activities" which determines procedures for call and issue of pollution permissions, B and C category polluting activities (installations) are set. (See box 3 and box 4)

Box 3: Annex 1 - B category polluting activities

Sector and aspect NACE

1.1. Combustion plants with rated thermal input capacity 0,5 - 5 MW. Combustion plants in agglomeration (zone with population over 250 000 inhabitants), with rated thermal input capacity 0,2 - 0,5 MW;

40

1.2. Combustion plants fuelled by heavy fuel oil with sulphur concentration over 1%, and combustion plants with rated thermal input capacity over 0,1 MW, fuelled by coal with sulphur concentration over 2%;

40

1.3. Oil depots and terminals with capacity (largest amount of total fuel piped within last 3 years) 5000 tons per year and more;

50

1.4. Petrol stations with capacity (largest amount of total fuel piped within last 3 years) 2000 tons per year and more;

50

1.5. Gas storage units, with volume 100 m3 and more (liquefied gas); 40

1.6. Coal and brown coal bricking units; 10

1.7. Charcoal production; 23

1.8. Wind generators or plants with total capacity 1MW and more; 40

1.9. Fuel production from peat. 10

Box 4: Annex 2 - C category polluting activities

Sector and aspect NACE

Energy industry

1.1. Combustion plants with rated thermal input capacity 0,2 – 0,5 MW outside agglomeration;

40

1.2. Wind generators or plants with installed capacity from 125kW up to 1MW; 40

1.3. Petrol stations with capacity (largest amount of total fuel piped within last 3 years) up to 2000 m3 per year;

50

1.4. Gas stations; 50

1.5. Oil depot with capacity up to 5000 m3 per year; 50

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Metal industry

2.1. Installations for surface treatment, causing dust emissions, including steel and other metal grinding, units for blowing with sand flow and airbrushes if total unit emission is 300 – 1000 m3 per hour;

28

2.2. Other installations for metal processing, with plant area 100 m2 – 1000 m2; 28-35

2.3. Craft foundries, foundries for gold and silver; 28

2.4. Installations for electro-technical production, excluding installations for transformer or printed circuit production;

2.5. Metallization of plastic production;

Mineral production and processing

3.1. Cement production plants with capacity 2 – 20 000 tons per year, and installations for concrete production with capacity 2 – 20 000 m3 per year;

3.2. Installations for production and mixing of lime or gravel mortar, and installations for stone breaking, which are not located in stone minefields;

3.3. Stationary installations for aeroconcrete, coal dust and lime-sand brick production;

,etc.

This regulation transposes requirements of the following EU Directives: 75/442/EEC, 80/681/EEC, 91/271/EEC, 91/689/EEC, 91/61/EC, 99/31/EC, and 2000/76/EC.

7.1.1 Regulations for different fuels, emissions limits depending on heat output capacity (MW)

Regulations concerning to emission limits are enclosed in the Cabinet of Ministers Regulation No379 (20.08.2002) “Procedure for prevention, limitation and control of emissions to air from stationary pollutants”. Following are reported the most significant parts. Chapter I – General issues

The regulation determines a procedure for prevention, limitation and control of emissions to air from stationary plants. In particular set procedures for operator routines for emission control, monitoring and information provision.

Chapter II - Emission limits for combustion installations:

Emission limits for fuel oxidizing installations (all kinds of burning substances - solid, liquid or gaseous, excluding waste), in order to produce energy are determined in first 3 Annexes of the regulation No 379.

Emission limits, determined in Annex 1, concerns to: • combustion installations, which are commissioned till 1987.07.01, up to

2008.01.01; • combustion installations, which are commissioned till 1987.07.01, after 2008.01.01

if in call for permission is declared, that in time period from 2008.01.01 till 2015.12.31 installation will operate less than 20000 hours. In this case permit is issued to operator, with condition that operator yearly will provide report on operating hours;

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Emission limits, determined in Annex 2, concerns to: • Combustion installations, which are commissioned till 1987.07.01, after

2008.01.01; • Combustion installations, which are commissioned from 1987.07.01 till

2002.11.27; • Combustion installations, which are to be commissioned till 2003.11.27, and call

for A or B category permission was delivered to regional environmental directorate till 2002.11.27.

Emission limits, determined in Annex 3, concerns to: • Combustion installations, with permissions obtained after 2002.11.27.; • Combustion installations, which are to be commissioned after 2003.11.27., and call

for A or B category permission was delivered to regional environmental directorate till 2002.11.27.

In Annex 4 of the regulation are determined as well as total SO2 and NOX emission limit from installations with rated thermal input capacity of 50 MW and more, which are operating under Annex 1 and Annex 2 above mentioned.

Limits for combustion installations, using two or more types of fuel simultaneously or alternatively, are set accordingly to emission limits of each fuel. Emission limits for these installations are set as follows:

• Accordingly to installation rated thermal capacity, limit for each type of fuel and every polluting substance is set following to regulations in annexes 1,2 or 3;

• Thermal input capacity of the fuel is multiplied by corresponding emission limit, each multiplication is divided with total thermal input from all fuel types;

• Calculated divisions are summarized. In Appendix 1 are enclosed significant table of the regulation No379 Annexes

7.1.2 Emission measurements

Regulations for emission measurements of combustion installations are enclosed in chapter 5 – “Control and monitoring of combustion installations” of the Cabinet of Ministers Regulation No379 (20.08.2002) “Procedure for prevention, limitation and control of emissions to air from stationary pollutants”.

In general continuous measurement system has to be tested and calibrated using additional measurements with reference methods at least once per year, by the boiler operator.

The operator of combustion installations has to ensures the following measurements: • Continuous measurements of SO2, particle, NOX emissions and as well as oxygen

(excess O2) and water concentration in effluents, temperature and pressure for installations with rated thermal input capacity 100 MW and more;

• Measurements of SO2, particle and NOX concentration, at least once in 6 months for installations with rated thermal input capacity 50MW - 100MW;

• Other measurements accordingly to obtain permits. (Those permits – A, B or C category, described above are issued for 5 years, typically measurements are to be performed once per year.)

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7.2 Local standards for boilers – environmental and energy legislation

7.2.1 “A, B or C category permissions”

Category permission is main tool used in Latvia to control and monitor environmental impact from different polluting activities. Inevitably this regulation affects all kinds of boilers, including industrial boilers.

7.2.2 Law on environmental impact assessment

The law on environmental impact assessment in particular concerns new build sites or major refurbishment projects. The Aim of this law is to force project developers to a complete evaluation of current environmental situation and potential positive and negative impact on the environment, biodiversity, human health and socio-economical processes before action is undertaken. This is provided by means of

• supporting decision makers with objective, representative information about planned activity, current environmental condition and potential impact to environment,

• investigation and preparation of alternatives to prevent or reduce potential impact. As well procedures for public information and involvement in project evaluation are defined. The law defines two kinds of environmental impact assessments – initial screening and environmental impact assessment. Following are described the scope of the law and its targets and possible relation with industrial boilers. The law on environmental impact assessment is in force to:

1. Regulates the activities defined in its Annex I and Annex II. Activities in Annex I needs a full environmental impact assessment, while activities in Annex II an initial screening. Concerning industrial boilers are included in the Annex I: Heat and power production sites and other combustion sites with output rate over 100 MW and in Annex II: the energy industry, i.e. industrial installations for electricity, steam or hot water production with installed capacity greater than 50 MW, gas, steam, hot water pipes and high voltage electric lines with total length more than 5 km, storage reservoirs for gas and fossil fuels.

2. To mitigate activities causing cross-border environmental impact, assessment of which is defined in international contracts signed by Republic of Latvia;

3. Objects and activities, for which regional environmental directorate after evaluation of initial assessment, identifies need of environmental impact assessment;

4. If environmental impact from object or activity is insignificant, regional environmental directorate issues technical regulations in accordance to Cabinet of Ministers regulation “Procedures for issue of technical regulations for activities, which doesn’t demand environmental impact assessment”.

The criteria for an environmental impact assessment, which are necessity for the evaluation, are: 1. Characteristics of planned activity:

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1.1. scope; 1.2. potential interaction of planned activity with existing processes; 1.3. consumption of natural resources; 1.4. waste; 1.5. pollution and interferences; 1.6. risk of accidents.

2. Characteristics of implementation area and it’s geographic features: 2.1. previous use of land; 2.2. relative amount, quality and renascence ability of natural resources in listed

area; 2.3. environment absorption ability; 2.4. areas exceeding pollution level provided in environmental quality norms; 2.5. agglomeration.

After evaluation of the assessment, the authority (Environmental Impact Assessment State Bureau) approves of reject the project (with due recommendations and comments).

7.3 Regulations for feed-water treatment

Feed water treatment requirements are not directly regulated by national legislation, but in the regulation for boiler operation and control it is determined that boilers must operate accordingly to manufacturer instructions, thus requirements for feed water treatment are to be found in boiler operation instructions issued by boiler producer.

7.4 Regulations for boiler operation and control

7.4.1 Regulations for boilers

Regulations for operation and control of hot water boilers are enclosed in the Cabinet of Ministers regulation No241 – “Procedures for technical supervision of boilers and boiler installations”. Following are reported the most significant parts. I - Overall issues

This document regulates the procedures to avoid threat to human life, health, property and environment when operating stationary units, designed for heating fluids, up to the temperature of 950C - 1100C with a pressure exceeding the atmospheric pressure and for the utilization of heated fluid as heat carrier outside of the boiler. The regulation as well gives the procedures for technical control of boilers and boiler installations.

These regulations are in force for boilers with installed capacity greater than 500 kW.

II – General requirements for boiler operation

The main part of this chapter is related to boiler operators. The owner of the boiler is responsible for the appropriate installation, safe operation and control of the boiler and boiler installations, in order to avoid threat to human life, health, property and environment.

The use of boiler installations has to be approved by the Latvian State Labour Inspectorate.

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Boiler installation and operation has to be determined in boiler installation and operation instructions and boiler passport, which are issued by the manufacturer. It is forbidden to install and/or use boilers without appropriate boiler documentation.

The owner of a boiler ensures appropriate number of trained and certified specialists for boiler operation.

According to boiler manufacturer guidelines, boiler maintenance instructions have to be prepared and approved.

In written form the boiler owner has to designate a responsible person for boiler and boiler installations (so called boiler manager), who is responsible for to:

1. Ensure appropriate technical condition of boiler and installations;

2. Ensure appropriate operational and maintenance of boiler, following approved instructions;

3. Ensure appropriate qualification and instruction of maintenance staff;

4. Prepare boiler for technical inspection, determined in this regulation and assist performance of the inspection;

5. Stop boiler operation, if inadmissible defects or instruction trespass is identified and ensure elimination of identified failures;

6. Ensure on site staff training and continuously perform examination;

7. Register in boiler passport all data about performed boiler repairs and maintenance, and other measurements affecting safe use of boilers, as well as results of performed inspections;

8. Register information about operating hours, condition of installations, measurement units, safety valves, feed water pumps, automatic control, signalization, preventive units and results of inspection as well as staff schedule in logbook;

9. Stop boiler operation, if

a. it causes threat to human life, health, property and environment,

b. regular inspection is not performed in time.

The responsibilities of maintenance staff:

1. Operate boiler considering all job and other instructions issued by the boiler manager, in the same time taking into account job safety, fire-prevention and environment protection requirements;

2. Stop boiler operation and inform boiler manager, if continuous boiler operation causes threat to human life, health, property and environment or in case of several situations, which are described in this regulation.

It is allowed to operate boiler without direct staff supervision, if the boiler is equipped with automatic control systems, signalization and prevention thus ensuring safe boiler operation and automatic shut down if operational errors are encountered.

III – Boiler operation safety requirements

In this chapter are enclosed instructions for boiler arrangement, equipment, labeling and repairs or reconstruction.

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IV – Technical inspection of boilers and boiler installations

In this chapter are classified 3 types of technical inspections:

1. Inner inspection of boiler in order to identify condition of boiler and its inner elements, detect gaps and corrosion of inner/outer surfaces and faults in any kinds of couplings, as well as boarding damages which could cause boiler overheating;

2. Hydraulic inspection of boiler in order to diagnose resistance of boiler, installations and consistence of couplings. Hydraulic inspection is conducted after successful inner inspection and it is conducted for boiler and its installations;

3. Outer inspection of boiler, which includes operational inspection in order to identify condition of boiler, its installations, feeding units, safety units, automatic control units, measurement units, feed-in fluid preparation units and arrangement compliance of unit to producer instructions, these regulations and operation regime.

Regular and extraordinary boiler inspections have to be performed by competent and authorized inspectors authority accordingly to applicable standards.

The boiler manager ensures that technical inspections of boiler are implemented with the following frequency:

1. Outer inspection – before first operation and further at least once per year;

2. Inner inspection – at least once each 4 years;

3. Hydraulic inspection – at least once each 8 years.

Considering technical condition of boiler and operating years, competent authorized inspection authority can increase the frequent for inner and hydraulic inspections.

Use of pressurized air or other gases for pressure increase during hydraulic inspection are not allowed.

Extraordinary inspection has to be performed in following cases:

1. After reinstallation, connected to displacement of boiler;

2. After refit, refurbishment or reconstruction of boiler;

3. If reasonable request from inspection authority.

Extraordinary inspection includes all types of boiler inspection. Considering technical conditions, the inspection authority can reduce number of these inspections.

The boilers are allowed to operate following the manufactures time limit for boiler operation, after the boiler is decommissioned. Following to boiler owners request, the inspection authority has the right to extend the time limit for boiler operation if the results from the inspection are according to all standards.

If during the inspection are detected defects or indications showing a reduced boiler resistance, the authority may allow operation at reduced parameters (pressure and temperature).

If during inspection no defects are identified, the authority issues a boiler safety inspection document.

If nonconformity is confirmed, the boiler owner has to stop operation during one month.

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7.4.2 Regulations for steam boilers

Regulation for operation and control of pressurized units and installations (steam boilers) are enclosed in the Cabinet of Ministers issued regulation No240 “Procedures for technical supervision of pressurized units” and in the Cabinet of Ministers regulation No165 “Regulation for pressurized units and systems” Following are reported the most significant parts. I - Overall issues

In these regulations are defined the procedures to avoid threat to human life, health, property and environment when operating stationary pressurized units. There are determined as well procedures for technical control of pressurized units.

Regulations are not in force for units, which pressure does not exceed relative pressure of 0,5 bar.

II – General requirements for pressurized unit operation

The main part of this chapter is related to boiler operators. The owner of the unit is responsible for appropriate installation, safe operation and control of pressurized unit and installations, in order to avoid threat to human life, health, property and environment. Use of these installations has to be approved by Latvian State Labor Inspectorate.

Installation and operation of pressurized units has to be determined in installation and operation instructions, issued by producer. It is forbidden to install or use pressurized units without appropriate documentation.

The owner of unit ensures appropriate number of trained and certified specialists for boiler operation.

According to producer guidelines, has to be prepared and approved maintenance instructions for pressurized unit.

In written document the owner of a pressurized unit has to designate a responsible person for pressurized unit and installations (so called unit manager).

The unit manager is responsible for to:

1. Ensure appropriate technical condition of pressurized unit and installations;

2. Ensure appropriate maintenance of unit, following approved instructions;

3. Ensure appropriate qualification and instruction of maintenance staff;

4. Prepare pressurized units for technical inspection, determined in this regulation and assist performance of the inspection;

5. Stop unit operation, if inadmissible defects or instruction trespass identified and ensure elimination of identified shortages;

6. Ensure on site staff training and continuously perform examination;

7. Register in unit passport all data about performed repairs and maintenance, and other measurements affecting safe use of pressurized units, as well as results of performed inspections;

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8. Register information about operating hours, condition of installations, measurement units, safety valves, pumps, automatic control, signalization, preventive units and results of inspection as well as staff schedule in logbook;

9. Stop unit operation, if it causes threat to human life, health, property and environment or regular inspection is not performed in time.

The maintenance staff is responsibilities of:

1. Operate unit and installations considering all job and other instructions issued by manager, simultaneously taking into account job safety, fire-prevention and environment protection requirements;

2. Stop unit operation and inform manager, if continuous operation causes threat to human life, health, property and environment or in case of several situations, which are described in this regulation.

It is allowed to operate unit without direct staff supervision, if the unit is equipped with automatic control systems, signalisation and prevention thus ensuring safe boiler operation and shut down if operation error is identified.

III – Safety requirements for pressurized unit operation

In this chapter are enclosed instructions for pressurized unit arrangement, equipment, labeling and repairs or reconstruction.

IV – Technical inspection of pressurized units and installations

In this chapter are classified 3 types of technical inspections:

1. Inner inspection of unit in order to identify condition of pressurized unit and its inner elements, detect gaps and corrosion of inner/outer surfaces and faults in any kinds of couplings, as well as any other kind of damages, which can cause unit disintegration;

2. Hydraulic inspection of pressurized unit in order to diagnose resistance of boiler, installations and consistence of couplings. Hydraulic inspection is conducted after successful inner inspection and it is conducted for unit and it's installations;

3. Outer inspection of unit, which includes operational inspection in order to identify condition of pressurized unit, it's installations, safety units, automatic control units, measurement units and compliance of unit arrangement to producer instructions, these regulations and operation regime.

Competent authorized inspection authority according to applicable standards performs regular and extraordinary pressurized unit inspections.

The unit manager ensures that technical inspections of boiler are implemented with the following frequency:

1. Inner, outer and hydraulic inspection after unit first installation;

2. Outer inspection –at least once per year;

3. Inner inspection – at least once per 4 years;

4. Hydraulic inspection – at least once per 8 years.

Considering technical condition of unit and operating years, competent authorized inspection authority can set more frequent inner and hydraulic inspections.

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Considering operation characteristics of unit and producer issued indications, competent authorized inspection authority can replace hydraulic inspection with pneumatic inspection.

Condition of elements, which are not tested during regular inner/outer inspection, is estimated following to producer instructions, where methods, regularity and scope of inspection is determined.

Use of pressurized air or other gases is not allowed for pressure increasing during hydraulic inspection.

An extraordinary inspection has to be performed in following cases:

1. After reinstallation, connected to displacement of pressurized unit;

2. After refit or reconstruction of unit, if not regarded to replacement of basic unit elements or welding of elements, which border value is used in resistance calculations;

3. If received reasonable request from inspection authority.

Inspection authority determines scope of extraordinary inspection.

The boilers are allowed to operate following the manufactures time limit for boiler operation, after the boiler is decommissioned. Following to boiler owners request, the inspection authority has the right to extend the time limit for boiler operation if the results from the inspection are according to all standards.

If during the inspection are detected defects or indications showing a reduced boiler resistance, the authority may allow operation at reduced parameters (pressure and temperature).

If during inspection no defects are identified, the authority issues a boiler safety inspection document.

If nonconformity is confirmed, the boiler owner has to stop operation during one month.

7.4.3 Regulations for combustion installations fuelled with gaseous substances

Boilers using gaseous fuels are as well as affected by regulation No163 of the Cabinet of Ministers “Regulation for combustion installations fuelled with gaseous substances”.

In this regulation are set requirements and requirement control procedures for combustion installations fuelled with gaseous substances, and procedures for conformity assessment of gas combustion installations. In particular:

1. Procedures for conformity certification 2. Procedures for conformity assessment

a. Installation type b. Conformity to certified type c. Production quality assurance d. Installation quality assurance e. Verification of installation f. Verification of instance

3. Procedures of labelling 4. Market surveillance 5. Installation safety requirements

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7.4.4 Regulation for dangerous installations

This regulation is in force to following types of boilers: • Boilers with capacity over 500 kW, which temperature limit is between 95 C and

110 C; • Boilers, which accordingly to Cabinet of Ministers regulation No165 “Regulation

for pressurized units and systems”, are classified in category III or IV. The aim of the regulation is to achieve operation and maintenance of dangerous installations

• safe to human life and health and property; • harmless to environment.

As well procedures for installation, repairmen, technical maintenance, modernization of dangerous installations and functions of inspection authority are determined.

Main parts of this regulation are: • General principles of dangerous installations supervisor authority. Dangerous

installations must be registered in National Labor Inspection. This authority ensures permission issue for operation of such installations. Inspection of dangerous installations has to be performed by Cabinet of Ministers authorized competent authority.

• General requirements for dangerous installations. Dangerous installations must comply to requirements of norms. Necessary documentation for installations has to be provided. Dangerous installations has to be inspected accordingly to appropriate norms.

• Inspection procedures • Dangerous installation owner responsibilities

- register installations in National Labor Inspection;

- operate and maintain installations accordingly to norms;

- ensure training and certification of maintenance staff;

- ensure inspection scope and regularity accordingly to norms;

- stop operation of installations, if continuous operation causes threat to human life, health, property and environment;

- inform National Labor Inspection and Environmental State Inspectorate if necessary about accidents connected to dangerous installations.

• Procedures for training and certification of persons, working with dangerous installations. These procedures are defined in Ministry of Welfare order No 284 ''About training, certification and examination of dangerous installation maintenance staff ''.

• Responsibilities for breach of regulations for dangerous installations.

7.5 A, B, C category permit, new amendment

On 3rd of February 2004 government has approved amendments of the Regulation of Cabinet of Ministers No.294 On Application of Category A, B and C Polluting Activities and Permitting of Category A and B Polluting Activities. According to the new

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amendments, the Category B has to receive following companies with combustion installations:

1. With capacity from 5 to 50 MW if for combustion process biomass and gas fuels have been used;

2. With capacity from 0.5 to 50 MW if for combustion process liquid fuel (except mazout) is used;

3. With capacity from 0.2 to 50 MW if for combustion process coal is used;

4. If in the combustion process mazout is used.

However Category C has to receive those companies with combustion installations, which capacity is bigger than 0.2 MW and if according point 1 and 2 mentioned above they do not need permit.

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8 LIST OF SOURCES

1. Cabinet of Ministers Regulation No379 - “Procedure for prevention, limitation and control of emissions to air from stationary pollutants”

http://www.vidm.gov.lv/vide/likumd/gaiss/L379.htm

2. Cabinet of Ministers Regulation No286 - “On Air Quality”


3. Cabinet of Ministers Regulation No294 - "On Application of Category A, B and C Polluting Activities and Permitting of Category A and B Polluting Activities" http://www.vidm.gov.lv/vide/likumd/piesarnojums/L294.htm

4. “Law on pollution”

http://www.vidm.gov.lv/vide/likumd/piesarnojums/Lpies_lik.htm

5. “Law on environmental impact assessment”

http://pro.nais.dati.lv/naiser/start.cfm

6. Cabinet of Ministers regulation No241 – “Procedures for technical supervision of boilers and boiler installations”


7. Cabinet of Ministers regulation No165 - “Regulation for pressurized units and systems”


8. Cabinet of Ministers regulation No240 - “Procedures for technical supervision of pressurized units”


9. Cabinet of Ministers regulation No163 “Regulation for combustion installations fuelled with gaseous substances”


10. Ministry of Wellfare order No 284 ''About training, certification and examination of dangerous installation maintenance staff ''

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http://www.vidm.gov.lv/vide/likumd/piesarnojums/Lpies_lik.htm







Appendix 1: Regulation No 379, tables of Annex I, Annex II and Annex III

Annex I

Emission limit values (mg/Nm3) No. Type of

fuel Thermal input (MW) SO2 NOx

1 CO Particles

Oxygen concentration in effluents (O2 %)

1. Gaseous > 50 50- 300 300- 500

< 500

35 35 35 35

350 400 400 400

500 300 300 300

20 20 20 20

3

2. Liquid > 10 10- 50 50- 300 300- 500

< 500

2000 3000 3000 3000 3000

450 450 450 450 450

800 800 500 500 500

100 100 75 75 75

3

3. Solid > 10 10- 50 50- 500 < 500

4000 3000 2000 2000

650 650 650 650

3000300020002000

3000 2000 800 800

6

Notes: 1 NOx – totals of nitric oxides recalculated to NO2. 2 Emission limit, accordingly to oxide concentration in effluents;

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Annex II Emission limit values (mg/Nm3) No. Type of

fuel Thermal

input (MW)

SO2 NOx1 CO Particles

Oxygen concentration in effluents (O2 %)

1.

Gaseous

> 50 50- 300

300- 500 < 500

353 353 353 353

300 300 300 200

150 100 100 100

54 54 54 54

3

2.

Liquid

> 10 10- 50 50- 300 300–500

< 500

2000 2000 1700

1700- 4005

400

450 450 450 450 400

400 400 300 300 300

506 506 506 506 50

3

3.

Solid

> 10 10- 50 50- 100

100- 500 < 500

2500 2300 20007

2000- 4005,7,9

4007, 9

6008 6008 6008 6008

5008,10,11

2000 2000 1000 1000 1000

1000 500 100 100 5012

6

Notes: 1 NOx – totals of nitric oxides recalculated to NO2. 2 Emission limit, accordingly to oxide concentration in effluents; 3 SO2 emission limit value of 5 mg/Nm3 for liquefied gas. SO2 emission limit value of 800 mg/Nm3 for low calorific gases from gasification of refinery residues, coke oven gas and blast-furnace gas. 4 Emission limit for particles in blast-furnace emissions is 10 mg/m3, for metal processing effluents – 50 mg/m3; 5 Accordingly to capacity, in linearly decrescent order; 6 If operation volume of fuel ashes exceeds 0,06%, emission limit for particles is 100 mg/m3; 7 Where the emission limit values cannot be met due to the characteristics of yhe fuel, a rate of desulphurisation of at least 60% shall be achieved in the case of combustion plants with a rated thermal input is greater than 50MWth and less than or equal to 100MWth, 75% for combustion plants greater than 100 MWth and less than or equal to 300 MWth and 90% for combustion plants greater than 300 MWth. For combustion plants greater than 500 MWth, a desulphurisation rate of at least 94% shall apply or of at least 92% where a contract for the fitting of flue gas desulphurisation or lime injection equipment has been entered into, and work on its installation has commenced before 1 January 2001. 8 For solid fuels, which operation volume of volatile substances do no exceed 10%, NOx limit is 1200 mg/m3. 9 SO2 emission limit value of 800 mg/Nm3 for combustion plants of a rated thermal input to or greater than 400 MW, which operate less than the following numbers of hours a year (rolling average over a period of five years): - until 31 December 2015, 2000 hours; - from 1 January 2016, 1500 hours. 10 From 1 January 2016 NOx limit value of 200 mg/Nm3. 11 For combustion plants, which from 2008 onwards do not operate more than 2000 hours a year (rolling average over a period of five years) until 31 December 2015 and plants that determined in Article 3 with 1 January 2008 NOx limit value of 600 mg/Nm3. From 1 January 2016 plants, which do not operate more than 1500 hours a year (rolling average over a period of five years), NOx limit value of 450 mg/Nm3. 12 A limit value of 100 mg/Nm3 may be applied to combustion plants in accordance with Article 3 in this Regulation which burning solid fuel with a heat content of less than 5800kJ/kg (net calorific value), a moisture content greater than 45% by weight, a combined moisture and ash content greater than 60% by weight and a calcium oxide content greater than 10%.

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Annex III, part 1 Emission limit values (mg/Nm3) No.

Type of fuelThermal

input (MW) SO2 NOx

2 CO Particles

Oxygen concentration

in effluents

(O2 %) 1.

Gaseous > 10

10- 50 < 50

354 354 354

350 350 2005

150 150 100

56 56 56

3

2.

Liquid

> 10 10- 50 50- 100

100- 300 < 300

2000 2000 850

400- 2007 200

400 400 400 200 200

400 400 300 300 300

508 508 50 30 30

3

3.

Solid9

> 10 10- 50 50- 100

100- 300 < 300

25009 23009 8509, 10 20010 20010

600 600 400

20011 200

2000 2000 1000 1000 1000

1000 500 50 30 30

6

Notes: 1 Exception of gas turbines 2 NOx – totals of nitric oxides recalculated to NO2. 3 Emission limit, accordingly to oxide concentration in effluents; 4 SO2 emission limit value of 5 mg/Nm3 for liquefied gas. SO2 emission limit value of 400 mg/Nm3 for low calorific gases from coke oven gas and SO2 emission limit value of 200 mg/Nm3 for low calorific blast-furnace gas. 5 NOx emission limit values for natural gas (naturally occurring methane with not more than 20% by volume of inert and other constituents) - 150 mg/m3 combustion plants of thermal input greater from 50 to 300 MW and 100 mg/m3 - combustion plants of thermal input greater than 300 MW. 6 Emission limit for particles in blast-furnace emissions is 10 mg/m3, for metal processing effluents – 30 mg/m3; 7 Accordingly to capacity, in linearly decrescent order; 8 f operation volume of fuel ashes exceeds 0,06%, emission limit for particles is 100 mg/m3; 9 For biomass SO2 emission limit value of 200 mg/Nm3. 10 Where the emission limit values cannot be net due to the characteristics of the fuel, installations achieve 300 mg/Nm3 SO2, or a rate of desulphurisation of at least 92% shall be achieved in the case of plants with a rated thermal input of less than or equal to 300 MW and in the case of plants with a rated thermal input greater than 300 MW a rate of desulphurisation of at least 95 % or permissible emission limit value of 400 mg/Nm3 apply.

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Abovementioned limits does not concern to gas turbines, limits for gas turbines are set separately in Annex III, part 2:

Annex III, part 2 Emission limit values in gas turbines1

NOx emission limit values expressed in mg/Nm3 (O2 content 15 %) to be applied by a single gas turbine only above 70 % load.

Table 6 Type of fuel > 50 MW

(thermal input2) Natural gas3 504

Liquid fuels5 120 Gaseous fuels (other than natural gas) 120 Notes: 1

Gas turbines for emergency use that operate less than 500 hours per year are excluded from these limit values. The operator of such plants is required to submit each year to the Regional Environmental Board a record of such used time. 2 Determined at LVS ISO conditions. 3 Naturally occurring methane with not more than 20% by volume of inerts and other constituents. 4 Emission limit value is 75 mg/Nm3 in the following case, where the efficiency of the gas turbine is determined at LVS ISO base load conditions: 1) gas turbines, used in combined heat and power systems having an overall efficiency greater than 75 %; 2) gas turbines used in combined cycle plants having an annual average overall electrical efficiency greater than 55 %; 3) gas turbines for mechanical drives; 4) for single cycle gas turbines not falling into any of the above categories, but having an efficiency than 35 % - determined at LVS ISO base load conditions – the emission limit value shall be:

50 x h/35, where h – the gas turbine efficiency expressed as a percentage (at LVS ISO base load conditions). 5 This emission limit value only applies to gas turbines firing light and middle distillates.

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Annex IV I. Total SO2 emission limit from combustion installations with rated input capacity 50MW and more

Total SO2 emission in year 1980 (kt/year)

Limit for total emission (kt per year)

Reduction in comparison to year 1980 (%)

60,2 25 60

II. Total NOX emission limit from combustion installations with rated input capacity 50MW and more

Total NOx emission in year 1980 (kt/year)

Limit for total emission (kt per year)

Reduction in comparison to year 1980 (%)

10,4 9,3 10

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inception report and gap analysis

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