income generation outer islands 2005 - lisa king

Skills-based trainings to increase income generation and enhance life

skills on the RMI outer atolls

30 May 2005Republic of the Marshall Islands

Outreach and Community Program Specialist - LIsa KingADB Loan No. 1791

RMI Skills Training and Vocational Education Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. STATEMENT OF INTENT

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II. BACKGROUND OF PROJECT

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III. SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF TARGET POPULATIONS 3

IV. SECTION ONE: VISITOR-RELATED TRAININGS

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a. Homestays 6b. Marshallese-style house rentals 8c. Island runway market 10d. Tour guiding 11e. Kayak rentals 12f. Korkor rides 14g. Night fishing excursion 15h. Handicraft lessons 16i. Searching for coconut crabs 17

j. Watching sea turtles hatch 19 k. Table 1. Summary of visitor-related trainings 21

V. SECTION TWO: AGRICULTURE-RELATED TRAININGS 22

a. Raising goats 23b. Raising geese 25c. Raising turkeys 26d. Raising Indian Runner ducks 27e. Growing vegetables 29f. Raising potted plants 30g. Raising flowers 31h. Black pearl farming 32i. Giant clam farming 33j. Live coral culture 34k. Milling lumber from coconut trees 35l. Selling bottled lime juice 37m. Selling pandanus juicers 38n. Table 2. Summary of agriculture-related trainings 39

VI. SECTION THREE: SMALL BUSINESS-RELATED TRAININGS 40

a. Small business development 41b. Home baking 42

c. Home sewing & needlework 43d. Renewable energy installation & maintenance 44e. Small electronics & appliance repair 45f. Outboard motor repair 46g. Table 3. Summary of small business-related trainings 47

VI. SECTION FOUR: JOB SKILLS TRAININGS 48

a. Cashiering 49b. SCUBA diving 50c. Secretarial skills 52d. Stocking & inventory skills 53e. English & Marshallese Competency 54f. Computer skills 55g. Math skills 56h. Basic marketing skills 57i. Carpentry 58j. Table 4. Summary of job skills trainings 59

VI. SECTION FIVE: TRADITIONAL & LIFE SKILLS TRAININGS

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a. Traditional Marshallese food preservation 61b. Health classes: empowering health professional to teach

on-island 62

c. “Living Treasures” program 64d. Korkor building and sailing 65e. Money management 66f. Boating safety 67g. Career awareness 68h. Composting 69i. Marine conservation & education 70j. Learning different fishing techniques 71k. Repairing fishing nets 72l. Table 5. Summary of traditional and life skills trainings 73

VII. SECTION FIVE: APPENDICES 75

a. Graph 1. Combined vocational and life skills survey resultsfrom low income women and youth on 7 different atolls

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b. Graph 2. Combined vocational and life skills survey results from low income women and youth on 7 different atolls

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c. Outer islands life skills and vocational needs basic assessment survey 2005

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STATEMENT OF INTENT

As stated in the Labor Market & National Training Report1, “One of the crucial challenges for the RMI is to increase access to education and training. By improving access to education and training the RMI can increase economic and social freedoms of its citizens.”

There are very limited opportunities for low income women and youth living in the outer islands to participate in vocational and life skills trainings. Unreliable transportation to and from the atolls, as well as the number of inhabited atolls an agency must visit to conduct a training, usually results in a Majuro-based training approach.

This report is an important tool for the National Training Council and the National Vocational Training Institute towards developing training programs targeting the needs of outer islanders, especially low income women and youth. It is a catalogue of simple, relatively low cost, skills-based trainings that integrate income generating opportunities with identified life skills education whenever possible. The trainings identified are generally intended to make a difference in a relatively short period of time.

The document is not, nor is it intended to be, a definitive list. It does not include expansive new projects such as developing an RMI Trochus shell industry. It also does not delve into handicraft training needs, as those trainings are already being actively addressed by an RMI NGO. This report does provide a baseline priority list of trainings low income outer islanders would like to see offered on their islands. It is also hoped that other RMI training-related agencies, organizations, educational institutions and NGOs will use this as a reference document in writing grants and planning future outer atoll training activities.

Some of the ideas in this report are new, some are old, but all of them have the potential to make a difference since even a slight increase in the number of dollars coming into an outer atoll family can go a long way to increasing their standard of living.

Hopefully, this report will assist the wonderful people living on the outer islands in living happier, healthier lives and generating additional income for their families.

1National Labor Market & National Training Report. National Training Council. 2002.

May 30, 2005 Report - Outreach and Community Specialist -ADB Loan No 1791 – RMI Skills Training and Vocational Education Project

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PROJECT BACKGROUND

In January 2001, the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) received nearly seven million dollars as a loan from the Asian Development Bank to implement the Skills Training and Vocational Education (STAVE) Project. The RMI government provided over two million dollars in additional support bringing the total budget for the STAVE project to over nine million dollars. The Outreach and Community Program Specialist Consultancy is a part of the Small Business component of the STAVE project.

The Outreach and Community Program Specialist was to identify and outline a series of skill-based income generating and life skills training strategies for low income women and youth on the outer atolls that would improve their standard of living; strengthen relationships within the family and community; increase potential employability; and engage them in activities that would generate additional income. The emphasis of the report was to be on seeking out activities that would generate additional income or increase employability.

In the spring of 2005, the Outreach and Community Program Specialist traveled to seven outer atolls: Ebeye, Utrik, Wotje, Ebon, Jaluit, Woja (Ailinglaplap) and Ujae and collected life skills and income generating data via on-site observations, focus groups, informal conversations and an interview-based survey tool. During the project, 348 low income women and youth were individually surveyed and 106 participated in focus groups. The Consultant was usually accompanied by a Marshallese counterpart and lived “outer island style” in Marshallese homes for a week at a time during the majority of the atoll visits.

The data collected and analyzed from the seven outer atolls is incorporated into the document titled “Skills-based trainings to increase income generation and enhance life skills on the RMI outer atolls.” This document is specifically designed for use by local RMI training providers and is in an easy-to-read, user-friendly format. It is an essential document for those seeking grant monies or wanting to identify and use a skills-based training approach to tackle outer atolls income generation and life skills needs.

The Outreach and Community Program Specialist wishes to express warm appreciation and a large, heartfelt “kommol tata” to all the Mayors, Marshallese counterparts, ADB office staff, and most of all, to the interviewees that helped make this document such a rich resource for those agencies, organizations, educational institutions and NGOs interested in conducting outer atoll training. Their contributions have ensured that this report will help hold the promise of a better future through skills-based training for the women and youth living in the lovely outer atolls of the Marshall Islands.

May 30, 2005 Report - Outreach and Community Specialist – ADB Loan No 1791 – RMI Skills Training and Vocational Education Project

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SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF TARGET GROUPS

School Dropouts

Young men and women. Young men and women (14-24 years old) drop out of school for a variety of reasons including their family’s inability to keep up tuition payments, being “fired” from school for drinking or fighting and choosing to leave because of homesickness or lack of interest. Pregnancy is one of the top reasons girls drop out of school. Dropouts frequently return home and help their family.

The average young man living at home helps out his family by doing daily chores such as feeding the animals, making copra, finding firewood or refilling dish washing and bathing buckets from the well or water catchment. After these chores are finished, he is basically free for the rest of the day to visit friends, play sports and “make a date” for the evening with his girl. He frequently returns home for lunch and dinner and then goes out again to hang out with friends, watch a video, meet his girl, or occasionally drink jakaro, coming home around 1am–2am and sleeping until 6am-9am.

Young men are the most transient group in the outer atolls. If they don’t have families of their own yet, they are often sent to a nearby uninhabited island to fish, make copra or raise pigs for their family. These young men are gone from a few days to several weeks at a time, catching their own food and relying on relatives or friends to make occasional supply drop-offs at their camp. Sometimes they are sent to other communities to visit relatives and help them out.

Though young men have an abundance of free time, their income generating opportunities are generally limited to making copra, doing yard work, fishing and selling items such as banana bunches or breadfruit. Few make handicrafts or carve wood.

Young women generally have many family responsibilities such as helping to collect and prepare food, doing housework and laundry, and keeping an eye on younger brothers and sisters or their own children. Sometimes they make a bit of copra too. During the day, young women take time out for an afternoon nap or visit friends. After dinner, they may go out to visit friends or secretly meet a man. If they stay at home, they stay up until late at night talking until midnight or 1 am and waking up between 6-7am.

Young women have more income opportunities than do young men, such as selling handicrafts or prepared food items such as cooked breadfruit, doughnuts or salt fish. Not all young girls are taught how to make handicrafts; many are taught, or are more interested in learning, when they are a bit older. Girls who do make handicrafts usually admit that they are not yet as good as their teachers.

These young men and women have low level skills in all academic subject areas such as Marshallese and English reading and writing, math and science. For example, they have little or no understanding of resource conservation; thus, every nesting turtle or turtle nest these young men come across is taken for food along with any turtle eggs they find. Girls have little understanding of how their body works. For example, many girls think urine and menstruation blood come out of the same body opening.

May 30, 2005 Report - Outreach and Community Specialist - ADB Loan No 1791 – RMI Skills Training and Vocational Education Project

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Young men generally state an interest in vocationally-related training such as carpentry, engine repair or fishing though a few do indicate an interest in being an elementary school teacher, pilot or doctor. The majority of young girls want to be either an elementary school teacher, a nurse, or own a handicraft store or another type of small store. Both groups rarely contemplate an occupation outside their sphere of life experience such as architecture or being an artist. Almost all youth are interested in learning more about computers but don’t really know how they would use them in their life or in a job. Both young women and men are tremendously interested in taking classes to improve their Marshallese and English competency. Student boarders at outer atoll high schools High school student boarders are one of the most vulnerable groups identified in the outer atolls. They are away from their family, friends and support system on an unfamiliar island where they have little or no status. They are frequently homesick. Mail is unreliable. Safe drinking water is not always available in the dorm area. Personal lockers are frequently broken into and their things stolen. The cafeteria food situation is often abysmal and students often return to their dorms hungry. They have few quiet places to study. There is little to do on the weekends and some girls soon wind up pregnant. It is easy to understand why many students find a reason to drop out of outer island schools and return home.

Low Income Women Low income women (over 24) usually have several children and relatives living in their house. They make money by selling handicrafts, a wide variety of different food items and some copra.

The family is usually in debt to a local store and has difficulty paying down outstanding balances. On some atolls, stores accept handicrafts or copra in exchange for food and supplies. Women state that they have poor money management skills. Frequently, a low income woman relies on handouts from friends or relatives when they have no food and no money with which to buy it. Sometimes, a church will make a food donation to them.

Women stay busy doing household chores, minding young children and preparing food. In the afternoon, they take time to make handicrafts, visit friends or nap. Women are great at multi-tasking, usually working on dinner or handicrafts and talking to friends at the same time.

Low income women are the most entrepreneurial target group. They are eager to take classes that increase their ability to support their family and enhance their life skills. This group has uniformly practical ideas about the types of businesses they would like to open or job skills they would like to acquire. Their income generating ideas are straightforward, frequently requiring only minimal assistance to help their business idea get off the ground.


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SECTION 1:

VISITOR-RELATED TRAININGS

Outer Island Homestays

Marshallese-style house rentals

Island runway market

Tour guiding

Kayak rentals

Korkor rides

Handicraft lessons

Night fishing expedition

Searching for coconut crabs

Watching baby sea turtles hatch


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OUTER ISLAND HOMESTAYS 1 All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. The lack of visitor infrastructure such as hotels and restaurants on outer atolls inhibit most Majuro and Kwajalein residents from exploring the outer islands, resulting in a loss of income for atoll residents. The current Air Marshall Islands (AMI) schedule requires a week’s stay on most atolls before a visitor can return home.

Personnel from various branches of the RMI government also visit outer atolls on a periodic basis usually staying with families free of charge.

There are homes on nearly all the outer atolls with all of the facilities needed for a homestay already in place.

In fact, 87% of those low income women and youth surveyed were interested in starting homestays as a business. The RMI government could potentially infuse thousands of dollars a year into atoll economies using homestays.

The establishment of homestays is a key step in opening the outer islands to visitors.

There is an excellent opportunity to train 3-4 interested families on each atoll on how run a homestay business.

b. What is a homestay? A homestay is a family that has decided to open up their home to one or two visitors for a week at a time, letting them live with the family and experience Marshallese lifestyle in a friendly environment as paying guests.

In short, a homestay acts as a hotel and restaurant, and can provide Marshallese cultural interpretation, guide services and friendship during a stay with the family.

Marshallese frequently use the term “to sponsor a person” as a homestay experience equivalent. There are no official homestays in the RMI at this time.

c. How much money could a homestay charge per night? Marshallese homestays could charge between $20 - $30 per night depending on the type of accommodation and food provided. A one week stay at $25/night would earn a family an additional $100/week (minus expenses estimated at $75 per seven night stay.)

d. Potential constraints. • Lack of reliable air and boat transportation. • Lack of personal business development skills.• Lack of reservation coordination.• Lack of recognition and support by the RMI government agencies, organizations,

businesses and NGOs who have previously relied solely on the “sponsorship” method of housing people when traveling to the outer islands.


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Outer Island Homestays continued

• Lack of recognition and support by the RMI government agencies, organizations, businesses and NGOs who have previously kept their per diem money or used only a small portion of it to buy food for the host family when using the “sponsorship” method.

g. Skills needed for a successful homestay business. • Sanitary food preparation skills• Menu planning skills • Basic English reading, writing and speaking skills• Ability to fill out a simple reservation form• Reservation coordination and follow-up skills• Household sanitation skills• Basic book keeping skills• Simple inventory skills• Basic money management skills• Problem solving skills• Hospitality skills• Networking skills with tourism-related businesses in Majuro and Kwajalein

g. Key training collaborators. Marshall Islands Visitors Authority College of the Marshall Islands Hospitality and Tourism Program (CMI-HTTP)RMI-Small Business Development Center (RMI-SBDC)Local governments and Mayors


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MARSHALLESE-STYLE HOUSE/VACATION RENTALS 2

All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. The absence of small hotels and restaurants on the outer atol ls prevents most Majuro and Kwajalein residents from traveling to the outer islands for a relaxing weekend or a longer vacation, resulting in a loss of revenue for outer atoll residents. The current Air Marshall Islands (AMI) schedule requires a week long stay on most atolls before a visitor can return to Majuro.

In addition, personnel from the various branches of the RMI government visit outer atol ls on a periodic basis, potentially bringing thousands of dollars to outer atoll short-term house rentals. These government employees generally collect a per diem but expect to be sponsored while on island for free.

In addition, 83% of low income women and youth living in the outer atolls were interested in learning how to build traditional Marshallese houses. From this data, plus the high level of interest in homestays, it appears that building traditional houses as rental units is also a viable income generating idea as many Marshallese are land rich but cash poor.

Having comfortable, safe places to rent is a key step in opening the outer atolls to visitors.

There is an opportunity to promote house rentals as a source of additional income while also supporting traditional Marshallese cultural values by working with community landowners to build traditional homes that could then be used as rental housing. At least one house could be built on each atoll in this fashion.

In addition, youth boarding at the outer island high schools could build a large Marshallese-style house on or near school property. The principal could then rent the house to government personnel during their visits with the money going towards providing better or more food for boarding students.

b. What is a vacation or house rental? A vacation rental is a vacant house that is rented by visitors to use during their stay. The home is usually furnished with a table and chairs, a functional cooking area, a toilet/shower area and windows for air circulation. It must also be lockable. The house can be rented for one night or the entire year. The house pictured above was built for $2,000 as a private residence but would also be an ideal rental unit.

c. How much rent could be charged for a Marshallese-style house? The rent per night or month would vary depending on the length of stay, house furnishings, maintenance, location and overall comfort level. At this time, if used primarily as a vacation rental, a range of $20 - $30 per night range is reasonable. If used as a long-term rental, the pricing might start at $200/month and up, based on what is inside the house.


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Marshallese-style House Rentals continued

d. Potential constraints. • Lack of reliable air and boat transportation. • Lack of skills to develop and successfully run a homestay business.• Lack of recognition and support by local government agencies, organizations,

businesses and NGOs who have previously relied solely on the “sponsorship” method of housing people when traveling to outer island.

• Lack of recognition and support by the RMI government agencies, organizations, businesses and NGOs who have previously kept their per diem money or used only a small portion of it to buy food for the host family when using the “sponsorship” method.

e. Skills needed for a successful Marshallese-style house rental business. • Marshallese-style house building skills• Thatch repair skills• House cleaning skills• Furniture repair skills• Basic math skills• Household sanitation skills• Basic book keeping skills• Supply inventory skills• Basic English reading, writing and speaking skills• Ability to fill in a simple reservation form• Reservation coordination and follow-up skills• Simple advertising skills• Basic money management skills• Problem solving skills• Hospitality skills• Networking skills with tourism-related businesses

and ministries in Majuro and Kwajalein

f. Key training collaborators. Marshall Islands Visitors Authority (MIVA) RMI Small Business Development Center (RMI SBDC) Local governments and Mayors


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ISLAND RUNWAY MARKET 3

Primarily Jaluit, Wotje and Likiep

a. Income opportunity. Air Marshall Island’s (AMI) regular weekly stops on many of the outer islands allow transit passengers to get off and briefly roam during the passenger and freight unloading and loading process. Stops last about 15-20 minutes. Island residents congregate at the airport during these regularly scheduled flights.

The vast majority of outer atoll women are interested in earning extra money from baking, take-out, homemade candies or handicrafts but do not own stores or have local outlets for their goods.

There is an excellent opportunity to promote an island runway market as a method to generate a small amount of additional income for several low income families living in the each of the outer atolls where AMI lands. Also, AMI flights usually land twice a week on Wotje, Jaluit and Likiep, making it faster for frequent flyers to become accustomed to the runway market and anticipate purchases.

b. What is a runway market? During the brief time the AMI plane is off-loading and on-loading, island sellers sit on mats nearby selling baked goods, homemade candies, handicrafts and other items to plane passengers and island residents.

c. How much money could a person make during a runway market? A person could have a small source of additional income every week participating in the runway market. d. Potential constraints.

• Lack of skills necessary to be successful in this type of open air market.• Being unable to develop a client base due to lack of consistency in holding the island

market.

e. Skills needed for an Island Runway Market entrepreneur. • Planning skills• Sanitary food preparation skills• Product presentation skills• Money changing skills• Basic money management skills• Hospitality skills• Networking skills

f. Key training collaborators. Marshall Islands Visitors Authority (MIVA)College of the Marshall Islands Hospitality and Tourism Training ProgramRMI Small Business Development Center (RMI SMDC)


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TOUR GUIDING 4 All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. Each atoll has it own stories, beautiful beaches and unique points of interest. Both RMI government personnel and out-of-town visitors are usually willing to pay a local expert for a tour.

The Marshall Islands Visitors Authority has in the past sponsored a Majuro tour guide training for taxi drivers and tourism-related business employees.

Nearly 86% of the low income women and youth surveyed were interested in learning to lead tours around their island. In addition, 84% of those surveyed were interested taking a tourism-related nature training.

There is an income generating opportunity to train 3–6 people on each atoll to be tour guides.

b. How much money could a tour guide make? Businesses that run tour services start at $35/day. A self-taught tour guide on Jaluit offers tour guiding services at $20/day. A beginning tour guide could offer their services for $10 and up depending on the number of hours the person worked.

c. Potential constraints. • Lack of reliable air and boat transportation. • Lack of in-depth information about the area.• Lack of tour guiding skills. • Lack of recognition and support by local government agencies, organizations,

businesses and NGOs who bring officials and experts to the outer islands and have previously received these services for free.

d. Skills needed to be a tour guide.• Memorization skills• Fluent Marshallese speaking skills• Good English speaking skills• Scheduling and reservation skills• Training in guiding techniques• Accurate and in-depth information• First aid training• Networking skills with businesses and ministries in Majuro

e. Key training collaborators.Marshall Islands Visitors AuthorityCollege of the Marshall Islands Hospitality and Tourism ProgramLocal governments and Mayors


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KAYAK RENTALS 5

All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. Outer atoll residents enjoy recreational activities and youth especially enjoy new ways to have fun; however, recreational opportunities are generally limited to team sports such as volleyball, basketball or baseball. Island visitors also seek out recreational activities.

In fact, 70% of the low income women and youth surveyed were interested in taking a kayaking, canoeing or korkor (Marshallese canoe) class.

Kayaks offer both visitors and residentsa new water-based exercise and recreational activity. Kayaks could also be rented for birthdays and other special family events.

There is an opportunity for a family on each atoll to have a small kayak rental (2–4 kayaks) business providing a long-term source of additional income.

b. How much does a kayak cost and how much could they be rented for? A new plastic sit-on-top ocean kayak with a good paddle, back rest and other small accessories costs about $800 - $1,000 in Honolulu. Used kayaks with accessories are between $600-$800 each. Shipping from Honolulu costs about $200. A person renting a kayak to island residents could charge $2.00 for a ½ day and charge off-island to visitors $5.00- $10.00 a ½ day.

Alternatively, the rental business could be run as a club where island residents pay a flat fee of $20 - $40 dollars per year (this could be a lump sum or monthly payments) and then use the kayaks whenever they were available for the entire year. The club system would allow off-island visitors to rent kayaks also.

c. Potential constraints. • Initial start-up money could be expensive for those interested. A bank loan, small grant or

fundraising activities could solve this issue.• Charging unreasonable rental fees for use by island residents could restrict use and thus

income.• Lack of promotion skills.• Coordinating the purchase, shipping and delivery from Honolulu to an outer atoll could be

a daunting task.

d. Skills needed to run a kayak rental business.• Purchasing, coordination and follow-up skills• Kayak equipment maintenance and repair skills• Book keeping skills• Scheduling skills• Networking skills with tourism-related businesses in Majuro and Kwajalein• Kayaking teaching skills


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Kayak Rentals continued

e. Key training collaborators. Marshall Islands Visitor Authority (MIVA) College of the Marshall Islands Hospitality and Tourism Program (CMI HTTP) Waan Aelon in Majel (WAM) RMI Small Business Development Center (RMI SBDC)

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KORKOR RIDES 6

All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. Korkors, a vital part of outer island Marshallese culture, are used for transportation and fishing. Visitors, including most Marshallese, have never ridden in a korkor.

In addition, 70% of the outer atoll women and youth surveyed were interested in taking a kayaking, canoeing or korkor (Marshallese canoe) class.

There is an opportunity for any korkor owner to offer classes, rides or trips to neighbor islands to visitors and island residents to generate a small amount of additional income.

b. What is a korkor? A korkor is a traditional Marshallese sailing canoe with an outrigger attached.

c. How much might a visitor pay to sail in a korkor? A visitor would probably be willing to pay between $5.00 - $7.00 a ride, probably a little more for a visit to a neighbor island that included lunch.

d. Potential constraints.• Lack of awareness by island residents that some visitors would like to take a korkor ride. • Lack of promotion skills. • Lack of recognition and support by local government agencies, organizations,

businesses and NGOs who bring officials and experts to the outer islands and may have previously received these services for free.

e. Skills needed to provide korkor rides to visitors.• Hospitality skills• Water safety skills• Korkor sailing skills• Weather forecasting skills• Basic English skills• Scheduling skills• Networking skills

e. Key training collaborators. Marshall Islands Visitor Authority College of the Marshall Islands Hospitality and Tourism Program Waan Aelon in Majel (WAM)


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NIGHT FISHING EXCURSION 7

All Atolls

a. Income opportunity: Outer atoll visitors, including Marshallese, look for unique activities to observe or participate in while on island. Marshallese men often go night fishing to catch fresh fish for their family using korkor or Western-type boats.

There is an opportunity for 1-2 families on each atoll to offer night fishing excursions to island visitors.

b. How much might a visitor pay to go night fishing? A visitor would be willing to pay between $15.00 - $25.00 for a night fishing excursion. An alternative method of pricing could be a base price of $15.00 and $1.00 for every fish caught by the visitor.

c. Potential constraints.• Lack of awareness that visitors would like the

opportunity for a night fishing experience. • Lack of promotion skills. • Lack of recognition and support by local

government agencies, NGOs, organizations, and businesses that bring officials and experts to the outer islands and may have previously received these services free of charge.

d. Skills needed to conduct night fishing excursions for visitors.• Hospitality skills• Water safety skills• Boating skills• Fishing skills• Knowledge of good fishing areas• Basic engine repair skills (if applicable)• Weather forecasting skills• Basic English skills• Scheduling skills• Networking skills

e. Key training collaborators. Marshall Islands Visitor Authority College of the Marshall Islands Hospitality and Tourism Program


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HANDICRAFT LESSONS 8

All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. Women weave a variety of Marshallese handicrafts inc lud ing hats , purses, baskets , necklaces, bracelets and mats. Visitors enjoy watching handicrafts being made, but rarely have the opportunity to try to make a Marshallese-style handicraft. Many Marshallese women visiting the outer atolls have also never had the opportunity to try to make a Marshallese handicraft.

There is an excellent opportunity for 3-6 Marshallese women on each atoll to earn addi t ional income by teaching a handicraft lesson when there are visitors on their island.

b. How much could a person charge for a Marshallese handicraft lesson? A person could charge $2.00 - $15.00 for a handicraft lesson.

c. Potential constraints.• Lack of awareness that visitors would like to try to make a Marshallese handicraft. • Lack of skill in attracting a customer.• Visitors dressing, acting or speaking inappropriately to Marshallese teachers.

d. Skills needed to conduct a handicraft lesson.• Very basic English• Promotion skills• Scheduling skills• Ability to have enough material on hand on short notice for a lesson• Ability to be a patient teacher for a person who has never made a handicraft before • Basic customer relations skills• Networking skills

e. Key training collaborators. Marshall Islands Visitor Authority College of the Marshall Islands Hospitality and Tourism Program Women United Together in the Marshall Islands (WUTMI)


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SEARCHING FOR COCONUT CRABS 9

All Atolls

a. Income Opportunity. Many outer atoll visitors want to experience unique activities that they can tell others about. Coconut crabs are found only on remote places in the tropical Pacific. Many visitors to the outer atolls have never seen a live coconut crab before.

Coconut c rabs are be ing over harvested on many Marshallese atolls; thus, smaller and smaller ones are being taken as food. Outer islanders do not know the life cycle of the coconut crab or the importance of limiting the number of crabs killed.


There is a unique opportunity to educate and encourage a conservation ethic through the promotion of a “tour” searching for coconut crabs and photographing them in the wild.

There is an opportunity to train 3-5 families on each atoll about this activity.

b. What is a coconut crab lifestyle tour? The tour is an opportunity for visitors to learn about the life cycle of the coconut crab and experience the thrill of finding them in the wild and taking photos. During the daytime, the tour guide takes visitors to a location where coconut crabs are found and everyone cuts open coconuts and stakes them to the ground. During this time, the guide explains the life cycle of the crab and how islanders use them. The guide shares personal stories and related Marshallese legends. Then later in the evening, the group returns to the baiting site to see if coconut crabs have taken the bait. Photos can be taken and animals can be carefully captured and held for closer examination. The animals are then released.

It is an opportunity for islanders to learn and practice coconut crab resource conservation as guides quickly learn that it is much more profitable to take people over and over again to an area where there are a number of large coconut crabs to see and photograph instead of killing them to eat.

If the tour is advertised as a tour that helps towards the conservation of coconut crabs more people will be willing to pay for the activity.

c. How much might a visitor pay to participate in a coconut crab lifestyle night tour? A visitor would be willing to pay around $10 per person for a chance to go out to find and photograph coconut crabs in the wild. The animals are not taken for food.


Searching for Coconut Crabs continued

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d. Potential constraints.• Lack of awareness that visitors would like the opportunity to find coconut crabs.• Lack of community cooperation to restrict crabbing in certain localities.• Lack of education about the life history of coconut crabs. • Lack of promotion skills.• Lack of recognition and support by local government agencies, NGOs, organizations,

and businesses that bring officials and experts to the outer islands.

d. Skills needed to conduct a coconut crab search tour activity.• Good English skills• Hospitality skills• Thorough and detailed knowledge about coconut crab biology• Knowledge about how to safely handle crabs• Majuro and Kwajalein networking skills• Promotion and scheduling skills

e. Key training collaborators.Ministry of Resources and DevelopmentMarshall Islands Visitors AuthorityCollege of the Marshall Islands


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WATCHING A SEA TURTLE NEST HATCH 10

Atolls to be determined

a. Income opportunity. Most out-of-town visitors and Marshallese have never seen baby sea turtles hatch and crawl into the ocean.

Many sea turtle nests in the Marshall Islands are being taken for food; thus potentially endangering local populations o f Green sea tu r t l es fo r fu tu re generations of Marshallese to use.


There is an opportunity to train entire communities about sea turtle conservation and generate additional income for islanders by encouraging visitors to travel to an outer atoll and watch baby sea turtles hatch.

b. What would escorting visitors to watch a sea turtle nest hatch involve? Initially, it would require planning and coordination. When a mother turtle was sighted on a beach, she would be allowed to lay and bury her eggs.. Everyone in the community would need to agree not to harvest any eggs from that particular nest. The person who saw the turtle would then radio the location and date to a participating dive shop in Majuro. The dive shops could then notify the Marshall Islands Marine Resources Authority and the Marshall Islands Visitors Authority. Dive shops would advertise the turtle hatching event and bring people out to the beach to snorkel or dive during the day and then wait for the babies to hatch at night. An announcement could be made in Majuro and Kwajalein via radio, flyer or newspaper ad about the opportunity to watch a turtle nest hatch with the hatching dates.

Visitors might need to stay 2–3 days to visit the nest each night as nests do not always hatch according to plan. They could stay in a local homestay during this time, pay a small fee to camp on the beach near the nest or sleep on a dive boat.

While waiting, people would need a flashlight, sitting mat, snacks and a jacket. People could buy meals from the community or make their own. Overnight beach camping might be required until the nest “boils”. The guide could explain the biology of the Green sea turtle, share Marshallese stories about turtles and personal anecdotes about island animals. When the nest does “boil”, visitors take pictures and assist the babies into the water.

This activity is an opportunity for islanders to learn and practice sea turtle resource conservation as it is much more profitable to take people to watch a sea turtle nest hatch than it is to take simply dig up the nest and eat the sea turtle eggs.

If the tour is advertised as an event that helps conserve sea turtles, more people will be willing to pay for the activity.


Watching a Sea Turtle Nest Hatch continued

19

c. How much might a visitor pay to participate to watch a sea turtle nest hatch? A visitor would be willing to pay around $20 - $25 for a chance to watch and photograph baby sea turtles as they hatch on the beach. If the visitor comes with a dive shop they would be willing to pay more.

d. Potential constraints.• Lack of awareness that visitors and Marshallese would like the opportunity to watch sea

turtles hatch.• Lack of community agreement and support about the project.• Lack of planning and coordination skills.• Lack of education about the life history of sea turtles.• Lack of reliable transportation. • Lack of support by local government agencies, NGOs, organizations, and businesses.

d. Skills needed to conduct a sea turtle nest watch activity.• Good English and Marshallese skills• Detailed knowledge about the biology of sea turtles• Excellent sea turtle data record keeping skills• Boat handling skills• Strong community education skills• Reservation and scheduling skills• Excellent networking skills• Advance planning and follow-through skills• Troubleshooting skills• Sea turtle data recording and record keeping skills

Key training collaborators.Marshall Islands Marine Resources Authority (MIMRA)Marshall Islands Visitors Authority (MIVA)College of the Marshall Islands Marine Science DepartmentLocal dive shopsFuture local environmental NGOs


20

TABLE 1. Summary of visitor-related income generating trainings

Training Major BenefitsEstimated Start-Up

CostsMajor Constraints

Outer Island Homestays

• Short implementation period• Provides additional income capacity for

families and communities • Key step in helping open up the outer atolls

to visitors

Low

• Resistance from government personnel who have used similar services free of charge in the past.

• Lack of marketing & reservation coordination skills

Marshallese-style house / vacation rental

• Short implementation period • Promotes Marshallese culture and pride • Generates additional income capacity for

families, schools and communities.• Key step in helping open up the outer atolls

to visitors

Low to medium

• Resistance from government personnel who have used similar services free of charge in the past

• Lack of marketing & reservation coordination skills

Island runway market

• Short implementation period• Generates additional income capacity for

outer atoll families None

• Lack of consistency in holding the market in order to develop a client base.

Tour guiding • Provides additional income capacity for 3-6 individuals on each outer atoll

• Promotes traditional Marshallese culture and pride

Medium• Lack of professional guiding

skills• Lack of self promotion &

networking skills

Kayak rental • Promotes exercise and family recreational activities for atoll residents and visitors

• Generates additional long-term income capacity for a family on each atoll

Medium

• Initial start up costs • Purchase & delivery

coordination

Korkor rides • Generates additional income capacity for any korkor owner


None• Lack of awareness that visitors

would like this opportunity• Lack of marketing skills

Night fishing expedition

• Generates additional income capacity for any boat owner

None • Lack of awareness that visitors would like this opportunity

• Lack of marketing skills

Handicraft lessons

• Generates additional income capacity for any handicraft maker


None• Lack of awareness that visitors

would like this opportunity• Lack of marketing skills

Coconut crab search

• Generates additional income capacity for any atoll resident

• Promotes coconut crab resource conservation

None • Lack of awareness that visitors would like this opportunity

• Lack of community support

Watching baby sea turtles hatch

• Generates additional income capacity to an individual,l business or community

• Promotes sea turtle resource conservation

None • Unreliable transportation • Lack of community awareness

or support for the project


21

SECTION 2:

AGRICULTURE-RELATED TRAININGS

Raising goats

Raising geese

Raising turkeys

Raising Indian Runner ducks

Growing vegetables

Raising potted plants

Raising flowers

Black pearl farming

Giant clam farming

Live coral culture

Milling lumber from coconut trees

Selling bottled lime juice

Selling pandanus juicers


22

RAISING GOATS 11 Primarily Woja, Jaluit and Wotje

a. Income opportunity. Food security is an RMI national priority. Outer atolls with few resources are heavily dependant on air cargo and supply ships for supplies.

Additionally, large pieces of unused land on many outer islands are overrun by invasive weeds and vines. On Woja and Wotje, sufficient vegetation exists to support a small herd of breeding meat goats. Goats can be sold within the atolls of Woja and Wotje and shipped between atolls via boat. Currently, there is only one goat in the RMI. Australia and Fiji are the closest sources of live goats.

Over 84% of the women and youth interviewed were interested in being a better farmer or better at raising chickens, turkeys and goats.

There is an opportunity for 1-2 families on selected atolls to breed, raise and sell goats throughout the RMI.

There is also an opportunity for outer island high schools on both Wotje and Jaluit to raise meat goats as food for their student boarders.

b. How much could a person sell a goat sell for? Live pigs sell live for about a $1/lb. Goats in Hawaii sell for between $50 to $150 each depending on size and breed. Marshall Island meat goats may be able to command a similar price.

Some Marshallese will want to purchase goats as pets. These individual animals might command higher prices due to pretty markings or a good disposition.

c. Potential constraints.• The initial cost to purchase goats and ship them over according to RMI small ruminant

importation rules and health certificate requirements. • Lack of training in general animal husbandry and specifically goat biology and husbandry

may hinder a successful breeding program. • Lack of small business development and marketing skills.• The religious symbolism and local black magic associations connected with goats may

be a constraint on certain atolls.• Initially, island dogs may pose a threat to tied or confined goats.

d. Skills needed to breed and raise goats.• Knowledge of goat care and breeding (small ruminant husbandry)• Veterinary skills• Knowledge about land management to prevent overgrazing


Raising Goats continued

23

• Butchering skills• Food sanitation skills• Goat cooking skills• Basic accounting and marketing skills• Goat milking skills and raw milk handling skills• Cheese making skills• Networking skills with Majuro, Kwajalein and Ebeye merchants

e. Key training collaborators. Ministry of Resources and DevelopmentCollege of the Marshall IslandsLand Grant


24

RAISING GEESE 12

All Atolls

a. Income Opportunity. Food security is an RMI national priority. Outer atolls with few food resources a re heav i l y dependant on air cargo and supply ships.

84% of women and youth surveyed in the outer islands interested in being better farmers and better at raising chickens, turkeys or goats. It is reasonable that this interest would extend to also raising geese.

There are no geese in the Marshall Islands at this time. The closest live geese breeders are in Fiji.

There is an opportunity for several families on each atoll to breed and raise certain varieties of geese as an income generating activity on the outer atolls.

There is also an opportunity for student boarders at the high schools on both Wotje and Jaluit to raise geese as food.

b. How much could a person sell a goose for? Live chickens sell for $10 each with eggs selling for 25 cents each. A live goose could sell in the $20 - $25 range and their eggs in the 50 cent range.

c. Potential constraints. • The initial cost to purchase a flock of geese or fertile eggs and transport them to RMI

according to RMI bird importation rules and health certificate requirements may be a challenge.

• Lack of training in goose biology and husbandry may hinder a successful breeding program.

• Lack of small business development and marketing skills• Initially, island dogs may pose a threat.

d. Skills needed to raise geese.• Knowledge about goose husbandry • Veterinary skills• Butchering skills• Food sanitation skills• Goose recipe knowledge• Basic accounting and marketing skills• Networking skills with Majuro, Kwajalein and Ebeye businesses

e. Key training collaborators. Ministry of Resources and Development, Department of AgricultureCollege of the Marshall Islands


25

RAISING TURKEYS 13

All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. Food security is an RMI national priority. Outer atolls with few food resources are heavily dependant on air cargo and supply ships. There are no turkeys in the Marshall Islands at this time. The closest turkey breeders are in Fiji.

Over 84% of low income women and youth surveyed in the outer atolls were interested in being better farmers and better at raising chickens, turkeys, pigs or goats.

There is an opportunity for 2-4 families on each atoll to breed and raise turkeys as an income generating activity.

There is also an opportunity for high school student boarders on both Wotje and Jaluit to raise turkeys as food.

b. How much could a turkey sell for? Live chickens sell for $10 each with eggs selling for 25 cents each. A live turkey could sell in the $20 - $25 range with eggs selling for 50 cents each. Large turkey feathers could also be sold for 25 cents each for decorative or handicraft purposes.

c. Potential constraints. • The initial cost to purchase a flock of turkeys or fertile eggs and ship them to Majuro and

then to an outer atoll according to RMI bird importation rules and health certificate requirements may be a challenge.

• Lack of training in turkey biology and husbandry may hinder a successful breeding program.

• Lack of small business and marketing skills.• Initially, island dogs may pose a threat.

d. Skills needed to raise turkeys.• Knowledge about turkey husbandry • Veterinary skills• Butchering skills• Food sanitation skills• Goose recipe knowledge• Basic accounting and marketing skills• Networking skills with Majuro, Kwajalein and Ebeye businesses

e. Key training collaborators. Ministry of Resources and Development Department of AgricultureCollege of the Marshall Islands


26

RAISING INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS 14

All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. Food security is an RMI national priority. Outer atolls with few food resources are heavily dependant on air cargo and supply ships. Throughout the RMI, pigs and chickens are raised as protein sources. Indian Runner ducks are a stable food throughout Southeast Asia and thrive in tropical climates. There are Muscovy ducks on a few of the atolls; but there are no Indian Runner Ducks in the Marshall Islands at this time. The closest breeders are in Australia.

In addition 84% of low income women and youth in the outer atolls were interested in being a better farmer or better at raising chickens, turkeys, or goats, it is reasonable to think that raising Indian Runner ducks would be of interest too.

There is an opportunity for several families on each atoll to raise these birds to generate additional income.

There is also an opportunity for outer island high schools on both Wotje and Jaluit to raise ducks as food for their student boarders.

b. How much could an Indian Runner duck sell for? Live chickens sell for $10 each with eggs selling for 25 cents each. Indian runner ducks and their eggs could sell for similar prices.

c. Potential constraints.• The initial cost to purchase a flock of Indian Runner ducks or fertile eggs and ship them

over to Majuro and then an outer atoll according to RMI bird importation rules and health certificate requirements may be a challenge.

• Lack of training in duck biology and husbandry may hinder a successful breeding program.

• Lack of small business development and marketing skills.• Initially, island dogs may pose a threat.

d. Skills needed to raise ducks.• Knowledge about duck biology and husbandry • Veterinary skills• Butchering skills• Food sanitation skills• Duck recipe knowledge• Basic accounting and marketing skills• Networking skills with Majuro and Kwajalein businesses


Raising Indian Runner Ducks continued

27

e. Key training collaborators. Ministry of Resources and Development Department of AgricultureCollege of the Marshall IslandsRMI Small Business Development Center (RMI SMDC)


28

RAISING GARDEN VEGETABLES 15

All Atolls a. Income opportunity. Food security is an RMI priority. Though bananas and breadfruit are usually available, there is a lack of fresh vegetables on nearly all the outer islands. Marshallese enjoy eating pumpkin, corn and watermelon, but few people grow them in any quantity.

83% of the low income women and youth in the outer atolls surveyed were interested in gardening.

There is an excellent opportunity for several Marshallese families on each atoll to raise pumpkins, corn and watermelon to sell to island residents and ship to Majuro stores.

There is also an opportunity for outer island high schools on both Wotje and Jaluit to raise vegetables as food for their student boarders.

b. What could vegetables sell for? The price varies depending on the type of vegetable. Vegetables could be priced individually or by the pound.

c. Potential constraints.• Lack of proper seeds and seedlings of varieties that grow well in the Marshall Islands. • Lack of proper agricultural training, specifically in raising the chosen varieties of

vegetables.• Lack of small business development and marketing skills. • Lack of security from pigs, chickens and neighbors.

d. Skills needed to grow vegetables.• Knowledge of basic small crop production techniques • Weeding and agricultural pest prevention skills• Seed harvesting and storage skills• Ability to foresee potential problems and act accordingly• Basic small business development and marketing skills• Networking skills with Majuro and Kwajalein businesses

e. Key training collaborators.Ministry of Resources and Development Department of AgricultureRMI Small Business Development Center (RMI SBDC)Land Grant


29

SELLING POTTED PLANTS 16

Primarily Jaluit, Wotje and Likiep

a.Income opportunity. Marshallese women rarely have the chance to buy colorful potted plants, but when the occasion occurs, they will wait in line for the opportunity to buy a plant to put on their porch.

Recently a Majuro store imported potted plants on a weekly basis at prices ranging from $2.00 to $23.00 each. Every Saturday, women would wait until store staff unpacked the plants and put them on the sales table. The table was usually nearly empty by Saturday afternoon.

In fact, 83% of the low income women and youth in the outer atolls surveyed were interested in gardening. It is reasonable to assume that some would be interested in selling potted plants.

There is an opportunity for 1-2 families on several atolls with regular air service to start small nurseries to raise desirable potted plants. b. Potential constraints.

• Lack of proper seeds and seedlings of appropriate varieties to flourish in the RMI.• Lack of proper training in agriculture, specifically raising the chosen varieties of

vegetables.• Lack of suitable security from pigs, chickens and neighbors.• Lack of small business development and marketing skills.

c. Skills needed to raise potted plants.• Knowledge of basic plant production techniques • Weeding and agricultural pest prevention skills• Seed harvesting and storage skills• Ability to foresee potential problems and act accordingly• Basic small business development and marketing skills• Packaging and shipping skills• Networking skills with Majuro and Kwajalein businesses

d. Key training collaborators.Ministry of Resources and Development Department of AgricultureCollege of the Marshall Islands

RMI Small Business Development Center (RMI SBDC) Land Grant


30

RAISING FLOWERS 17

Primarily Arno

a. Income opportunity. Marshallese women and expatriates enjoy fresh flowers. Local hotels would like to purchase locally grown flowers for their entry ways and restaurants would like to buy them for their tables. However, it is difficult to buy flowers suitable for floral arrangements.

Additionally, 83% of the low income women and youth on the outer atolls surveyed were interested in gardening. It is reasonable to assume that some people would also be interested in raising flowers.

There is an opportunity for 2-4 families on Jaluit, Wotje and Likiep to raise and ship fresh flowers regularly to Majuro as a way to generate additional income.

b. Potential constraints.• Lack of regularly scheduled flights to get

flowers to Majuro in a timely fashion. • Lack of training in building and maintaining a

simple greenhouse structure (if appropriate).• Lack of training in raising flowering plants and

cut foliage. • Lack of training in shipping techniques resulting in flowers being spoiled.• Lack of small business development and marketing skills.• Lack of book keeping and invoicing skills.• Lack of an adequate water source and watering system.• Lack of quality control skills.• Lack of security from pigs, chickens and neighbors.

c. Skills needed to raise potted plants.• Knowledge of basic flower and cut foliage production techniques • Weeding and agricultural pest prevention skills• Seed harvesting and storage skills• Vegetative reproduction skills• Basic small business development and marketing skills• Ability to troubleshoot• Ability to train others• Networking skills with Majuro, Ebeye and Kwajalein businesses

d. Key training collaborators.Ministry of Resources and Development Department of AgricultureLand Grant

RMI Small Business Development Center


31

BLACK PEARL FARMING 18

Atolls to be determined

a. Income opportunity. The same oyster species that produces Tahitian black pearls waters also lives in the Marshall Islands. Black pearl oysters are now being maricultured on a limited basis in the RMI.

In fact, 73% of the women and youth on the outer atolls surveyed were interested in learning how to farm fish, pearls or giant clams.

There is an opportunity to expand black pearl farming activities on the outer atolls and create jobs for low income women and youth.

b. Potential constraints.• Lack of a hatchery that can regularly supply spat (young clams) for the farm. • Lack of a grafting technician when needed.• Lack of trained individuals to manage the farm.• Lack of a suitable farm location.• Lack of materials to make create the farm. • Lack of marketing training.• Exxcessive thievery.

c. Skills needed to mariculture black pearl oysters.• Snorkeling or SCUBA diving skills• Boat handling skills• Training in how to set up a pearl farm• Training in predator identification and control• Knowledge of proper oyster handling• Pearl farm maintenance training

d. Key training collaboratorsUniversity of Hawaii Hilo Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center (UHH-PACRC)Marshall Islands Marine Resources Authority (MIMRA)College of the Marshall Islands Science Department


32

GIANT CLAM FARMING 19

All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. Giant clams live in tropical Pacific waters and are highly prized animals to salt water aquarium hobbyists. Giant clam mariculture is being conducted on a limited basis by a private business in Majuro.

In addition, 73% of the women and youth on the outer atolls surveyed were interested in learning how to farm fish, pearls or giant clams.

There is an opportunity to generate additional income for outer islanders by growing out young giant clams on their atoll and then selling them back to the Marshall Islands Mariculture Farm to then sell internationally.

b. Potential constraints.• Lack of materials needed to make the farm.• Lack of young clams to grow-out.• Excessive thievery.• Lack of monitoring and cleaning training.• Lack of farm maintenance training.• Lack of reliable transportation to ship clams to and from the outer atolls.•

c. Skills needed to farm giant clams.• Ability to follow directions• Consciousness• Snorkeling or SCUBA diving skills

d. Key training personnel.College of the Marshall Islands (CMI)University of Hawaii Hilo Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center (UHH-PACRC)


33

LIVE CORAL MARICULTURE 20

All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. Live corals are highly prized animals to salt water a q u a r i u m h o b b y i s t s . L i v e c o r a l mariculture is being conducted on a limited basis in the RMI by the private business in Majuro.

81% of the women and youth surveyed on the outer atolls and 43% of those surveyed on Ebeye were interested in learning how to farm fish, pearls or giant clams. It is reasonable to assume that they would also be interested in farming live corals.

There is an opportunity to generate additional income for outer islanders by mariculturing live coral fragments on their atoll and then selling them to the mariculture farm in Majuro.

b. Potential constraints.• Lack of a suitable location.• Lack of materials and tools to construct the farm.• Lack of training in coral culture.• Lack of training in shipping coral to the Marshall Islands Mariculture Farm in Majuro.• Lack of reliable transportation.

c. Skills needed to farm culture live coral• Ability to follow directions• Snorkeling or SCUBA diving skills

d. Key training collaboratorsCollege of the Marshall Islands Science DepartmentUniversity of Hawaii Hilo Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center (UHH-PACRC)


34

MILLING LUMBER FROM COCONUT TREES 21

All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. Land owners periodically clear tall, old coconut trees from their land because of reduced coconut yields and for safety reasons. The trees are left on the ground or piled up out of the way, wasting valuable wood resources.

Wood shipped to the Marshall Islands is expensive and difficult to ship out to the outer atolls in a timely fashion.

Lumber can be made from coconut wood as well as many other useful items such as spoons, bowls, plates, serving pieces and much more.

Additionally 77% of the low income women and youth on the outer atolls surveyed were interested in sculpting wood. It is reasonable to think that some of those surveyed would also be interested in learning how to mill lumber and carve specialty items.

There is an opportunity to mill old coconut trees to make lumber for community needs as well as train a number of people to be carvers and wood craftsmen to generate additional income for their families.

b. What is a portable saw mill? A portable saw mill is a simple machine that takes coconut tree logs and turns them into lumber. To operate a portable saw mill, a community needs two chainsaws, spare chains, spare blades, oil and lubricant. The total cost is approximately $13,000 CIF (cargo insured freight) from Australia. The specific name of the machine is a Lucas saw mill.

c. Potential constraints.• Insufficient funds for a community to purchase its own Lucas saw mill. • Lack of proper training in the use and long term maintenance of the saw mill and related

equipment. • Lack of training in how to properly fell a coconut tree.• Lack of coordination in its use around the atoll.• Insufficient number of trees to make the expense worthwhile.• Lack of training on how to make smaller items from coconut wood such as spoons and

bowls.• Lack of ongoing community commitment about the use and maintenance of the saw mill.

d. Skills needed to make lumber using a portable saw mill.• Knowledge of how to assemble, clean, maintain and repair the saw mill• Knowledge of how to assemble, clean, maintain and repair chain saws• Knowledge of how to make quality lumber safely using the saw mill• Training in how to build a solar kiln in order to properly dry the wood

May 30, 2005 Report - Outreach and Community Specialist –ADB Loan No 1791 – RMI Skills Training and Vocational Education Project

Milling Lumber from Coconut Trees continued

35

• Training in how to treat the wood• Furniture making skills• Wood carving skills• Community coordination skills

e. Key training collaborators.Ministry of Resources and Development Department of AgricultureWaan Aelon in Majel (WAM)


36

SELLING BOTTLED LIME JUICE 22

Primarily Ebon Atoll

a. Income opportunity. Ebon Atoll has a multitude of mature lime trees that Marshallese acknowledge as some of the best limes in the RMI. Ebon residents regularly export limes to sell to Majuro stores and present bottles of freshly squeezed lime juice as gifts to friends and relatives. Occasionally the juice is sold to friends. No one is currently selling locally made lime juice and Robert Reimer’s Enterprises and other smaller stores in Majuro are interested in selling bottled Ebon lime juice.

There is an excellent opportunity to upgrade the overall lime juice product so Ebon lime juice can be sold in stores in Majuro and Ebeye as a locally made seasonal specialty product.

b. How much could a bottle of lime juice sell for? Locally made pandanus juice sells for $2.50 for a 12 oz plastic bottle. Locally made Noni juice sells for $6.99/6 oz glass bottle. Ebon lime juice could be priced in the $5.00 - $7.00 range for a 12 oz sterile plastic bottle with a homemade label on it.

c. Potential constraints.• Lack of proper sanitation procedures during the squeezing process causing product

contamination.• Lack of access to sterile capped bottles so that lime juice makers continue to use

previously used bottles that might not be sterile.• Lack of efficient transport from the airport to the store.• Lack of small business training and book keeping skills.• Lack of money management techniques to regularly order sufficient quantities of sterile

bottles from Majuro.

d. Skills needed to start a bottled lime juice business.• Food sanitation skills• Cookhouse sanitation skills• Planning skills• Invoicing skills• Basic book keeping skills• Product packing skills• Money management skills• Supply inventory skills• Attention to detail• Networking skills

d. Key training collaborators. Ministry of Resources and Development Department of Agriculture

Women United Together in the Marshall Islands (WUTMI) RMI Small Business Development Center (RMI SBDC)


37

SELLING PANDANUS JUICERS 23 Atolls with wood resources such as Woja, Ailinglapalap

a. Income opportunity. Pandanus grows on all the outer atolls and is a favorite Marshallese fruit. The tough key, when ripe, yields a sweet juice as it is chewed and sucked. Pandanus “pudding” is a nutritious food for small babies. There is an opportunity to build and sell pandanus juicers throughout the RMI as a necessary household utensil.

b. What is a pandanus juicer? Pandanus juicers like the one pictured are not widely available in the RMI. To use one properly, a ripe pandanus key is pushed hard along the top of the sharp piece of metal attached to wooden legs. The juicy orange pulp slides down the metal and into a bowl waiting below.

c. How much money could a pandanus juicer cost? It is difficult to find the right piece of wood to make a quality pandanus juicer. A juicer could probably be priced at $25 each. Pandanus juicers could be sold on pre-order basis from an individual’s home or sold in small quantities at local markets.

d. Potential constraints. • Lack of the sufficient materials to make a pandanus juicer.• Lack of small business development skills• Lack of marketing skills

e. Skills needed to make and sell pandanus juicers.• Basic wood working skills• Metal cutting and sharpening skills• Small business development skills• Basic organizational skills• Networking skills with businesses in Majuro and Ebeye

f. Key training collaborators Ministry of Resources and DevelopmentSmall Business Development Center


38

TABLE 2. Summary of agriculture-related income generating trainings

Training Main benefitsEstimated start-up costs

Major constraints

Raising goats, geese, turkeys & Indian runner ducks

• Increased sustainability and food security

• Economic “ripple effect” for outer atoll communities

• Source of long term additional income capacity of outer atoll families

• Provides an additional food source for high school student boarders

Medium to High

• Initial costs & shipment of animals

• Coordination of purchase & delivery of animals

• Lack of animal husbandry training

• Lack of marketing skills

Raising vegetables, potted plants & fresh flowers

• Increased sustainability and food security

• Relatively short implementation period • Generates additional income capacity

for atoll families and high school student boarders

Low

•Lack of gardening skills•Lack of business development

skills•Lack of marketing skills

Black pearl mariculture

• Generates jobs• Promotes resource conservation• Promotes Marshallese pride• Promotes the RMI in global markets

Medium to High

• About 5 year wait on return of initial investment

• Reliance of off-island expertise for pearl grafting and pearl grading

• Lack of pearl farm maintenance training

• Lack of training in marketing pearls

Mariculture of giant clams & live coral

• Generates jobs• Promotes resource conservation• Promotes Marshallese pride• Promotes the RMI in global markets

Low to Medium

• About 1 year to 18 months wait for return on initial investment

• Thievery of clams may be a problem

• Lack of mariculture training in raising giant clams and corals

• Lack of farm maintenance training

Squeezing and bottling lime juice

• Generates additional income capacity for Ebon individuals

• Promotes island pride Low

• Initial coordination of purchasing & shipping sterile bottles from Majuro

• Initial coordination of product sales

• Lack of proper sanitation training

Milling lumber from coconut trees

• Increased sustainability• Generates additional income capacity

for carvers and woodworkers High

• Initial equipment costs • Purchase & delivery

coordination• Lack of training using

equipment• Lack of carving &

woodworking training

Selling pandanus juicers • Generates additional income capacity for sellers

None to Low

• Lack of awareness that Marshallese would like to purchase pandanus juicers

• Lack of small business & marketing skills


39

SECTION 3:

SMALL BUSINESS-RELATED TRAININGS

Small business development

Home baking

Home sewing & needlework

Renewable energy installation & maintenance

Small electronics & appliance repair

Outboard motor repair


40

SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT 24

All Atolls

a . Income oppor tun i ty. Many Marshallese women and youth in the outer atolls want to open some type of small sewing, baking, fishing, laundry, candy, handicraft or food business but do not know how to go about it. Atoll communities would consider these new businesses as assets if they were opened.

Indeed, 84% of the women and youth on the outer atolls surveyed were interested in business development training.

There is an opportunity to hold a number of small business development trainings to assist outer atoll entrepreneurs in developing their small business ideas.

Potential constraints.• Lack of training on how to start and maintain small business.• Lack of seed money for some small business ideas. • Lack of money management skills.

c. Skills needed to develop a small business.• A clear understanding of what the business will and will not do.• Knowledge of government agencies that can provide resources or assistance • Basic bookkeeping skills• Ordering skills• Inventory skills• Marketing skills• Networking skills• Money management skills• Product development skills• Record keeping skills• Networking skills

d. Key training collaborators.RMI Small Business Development Center (RMI SBDC)College of the Marshall IslandsMarshall Islands Visitors AuthorityWomen United Together in the Marshall Islands (WUTMI)


41

HOME BAKING 25

All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. Marshallese women make bread and cakes from boxed mixes on a periodic basis. Though there are many enthusiastic bakers, women lack recipes and ingredients to diversify their baked products away from simple breads, boxed cakes, banana bread, flour cookies and cinnamon rolls. Some baked goods could be greatly improved by simply switching to a tastier recipe.

Additionally, 84% of the women and youth on the outer atolls surveyed were interested in taking business development training. Several women on each atoll surveyed are interested in learning how to improve their baking skills so they can start small home bakeries.

There is an excellent opportunity to provide training that will allow those women interested to sell a variety of baked goods directly from their home or to local stores so they can generate additional income for their families.

b. Potential constraints.• Lack of a variety of recipes.• Lack of knowledge about certain baking techniques.• Lack of access to baking ingredients and supplies.• Lack of networking and marketing skills.• Lack of knowledge of proper cookhouse and food sanitation.

c. Skills needed to open a small home bakery.• Cookhouse sanitation skills• Basic food sanitation skills• Food presentation skills• A variety of recipes• Knowledge of appropriate baked goods and ingredient storage• Inventory skills• Quality control skills• Basic math skills• Networking skills • Basic marketing skills

d. Key training collaboratorsMinistry of Internal AffairsCollege of the Marshall Islands


42

HOME SEWING & NEEDLEWORK 26

All Atolls a. Income opportunity. Only a few clothing items are sold in small quantities in the outer atolls. Local Marshallese style dresses and skirts are expensive both in Majuro and the outer islands

Many women would like to learn how to sew dresses for themselves as well as make dresses to sell as an additional source of income. In fact, 86% of the low income women and youth on the outer atolls surveyed wanted to learn new sewing and needlework techniques. In addit ion, 84% of outer is landers surveyed were also interested in taking business development training.

There is an opportunity for women and youth in the outer atolls to generate additional income by learning how to sew.

b. Potential constraints.• Lack of home sewing machines is a constraint that could be overcome by a small bank

loan, a grant or fundraising activities. • Difficulty in obtaining sewing supplies and material.• Lack of training in using and caring for a sewing machine.• Lack of easily available replacement parts.• Lack of training in making and using dress patterns.

c. Skills needed for a home sewing business. • Knowledge of how to use and care for a sewing machine• Knowledge of how to make and use a pattern• Knowledge of different sewing methods• Planning and ordering skills• Basic math skills• Ability to read a measuring tape• Knowledge of and practice with different needlework techniques• Networking skills

d. Key training collaborators.Women United Together in the Marshall IslandsMajuro sewing businesses


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RENEWABLE ENERGY INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE 27

All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. Solar power is becoming more common on the outer atolls. The units are expensive and a sizable investment for any Marshallese family. When the system needs adjustments or repair, the cost of sending the unit back to Majuro or having someone fly out to look at the system is prohibitive.

Additionally, 81% of low income women and youth on the outer islands surveyed were interested in learning how to install and maintain solar panel and wind generators.

There is an opportunity to train 2-4 people on each atoll to be solar energy and wind energy technicians.

b. Potential constraints.• Lack of basic knowledge of the science behind

the solar and wind generator systems.• Lack of training in installation and

maintenance of the types of renewable energy systems sold in RMI.• Lack of tools and equipment to install and maintain units.• Lack of good customer relations skills. • Lack of small business development skills.

c. Skills needed to be a solar energy or wind energy technician.• Knowledge of the basic science of how each system works• Renewable energy technician training including installation and maintenance of the

different systems in the RMI• Contact information and catalogues of regional renewable energy systems suppliers • Ability to occasionally creatively fix units with the parts on hand• Some English reading, writing and speaking skills• Networking skills

d. Key training collaborators.Island-ECO or similar businessUniversity of the South Pacific- Majuro BranchRMI Small Business Development Center (RMI SBDC)


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SMALL ELECTRONICS & APPLIANCE REPAIR 28

All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. Short wave radios are the main source of inter-island communicat ion in the RMI. Many households have very simple washing machines, TVs and VCRs. The school Xerox machine must be maintained. Only a few have freezers, refrigerators, electric fans or air conditioners. All these small electronics and appliances are exposed to humid conditions, salt air and dust.

There is an opportunity to generate additional income by training people on each atoll in small electronics, Xerox and appliance repair.

c. Potential constraints.• Lack of small business development skills.• Lack of training in installation and maintenance of the types of appliances, Xerox

machines and small electronics used in the outer atolls.• Lack of tools and equipment to install and maintain units.• Lack of good customer relations skills.

d. Skills needed to be a small electronics/appliance repair person• Basic understanding of how small electronics and appliances work• Contact information and catalogues of parts suppliers• Ability to creatively fix units with the parts on hand• Some English reading, writing and speaking skills• Good networking and follow-up skills

e. Key training personnel.Local businessesUniversity of the South Pacific Majuro BranchCollege of the Marshall IslandsFisheries Nautical Training Center


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OUTBOARD MOTOR REPAIR 29

All Atolls a. Income opportunity. Outboard motors are exposed to harsh conditions in the outer atolls. Frequently, outboard motors are not properly maintained and parts are difficult to secure. Motors have been known to catch on fire, drop off into the ocean or have chronic problems due to unsolved problems.

Several young men on each atoll indicated an interest in learning outboard motor repair.

There is an opportunity to train 6-8 people on each atoll about outboard motor maintenance and repair

b. How much money could an outboard repair man make? The amount of business an outboard engine repairman would make depend on the number of boats with outboard motors on his atoll. An outboard engine repairman could make $3.50 an hour when working.

c. Potential constraints. • Lack of quality training in outboard motor repair.• Lack of tools and supplies to properly repair outboard motors.• Lack of knowledge about where to order parts. • Follow-up skills.

d. Skills needed to repair boat or car engines.• Knowledge of how an outboard engine operation• Knowledge of common problems• Knowledge of how to maintain an outboard engine• Knowledge of where to order parts• Follow-through skills

e. Key training collaborators.Fisheries Nautical Training CenterWaan Aelon in Majel


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TABLE 3. Summary of small business development-related income generating trainings

Training Main benefitsEstimated start-up costs

Main constraints

Small business development

• Assists individuals to develop their own business capacity.

• Increases the chances of a successful business

Low to Medium• Lack of small business

development training

Home baking • Short implementation period • Generates additional income capacity for

families and schoolsNone to Low

•Lack of recipes•Lack of small business

development training

Home sewing & needlework

• Relatively short implementation period• Generates additional income capacity for

individuals Low

• Lack of training in how to make a pattern

• Lack of sewing machine skills

Renewable energy installation & maintenance

• Generates additional income capacity for individuals

• Encourages installation of renewable energy products

Low to Medium

• Lack of installation and maintenance of renewable energy products

• Lack of small business development skills

Small electronics/appliance repair

• Generates additional income capacity for individuals

Low to Medium

• Lack of small electronics & appliance repair training

• Lack of small business development skills

Outboard motor repair • Generates additional income capacity for several individuals

• Relatively short implementation periodMedium

• Lack outboard motor repair training


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SECTION 4:

JOB SKILLS TRAININGS

Cashiering

SCUBA diving

Secretarial skills

Stocking & inventory skills

Computer skills

Math skills

Basic marketing skills

Carpentry


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CASHIERING 30

Ebeye a. Income opportunity. Ebeye is an urban atoll with many small businesses sprinkled throughout the island including grocery, clothing, hardware and small retail stores. All these businesses need individuals with strong cashiering and money handling skills.

During interviews, low income women and youth on Ebeye were very interested in learning cashiering skills so they could apply to be a cashier at local grocery stores or businesses.

There is an opportunity to hold regularcashiering and money handling trainings for 10-20 people at a time on Ebeye to generate additional income for their families.

b. Potential constraints.• May need to pre-test to select people with a level of basic skills so they may complete

the training.• Lack of a sufficient number of spare cash registers to conduct a training.

c. How much money does a cashier make? A beginning cashier makes about $2.00 per hour and over time can make up to $3.00 per hour.

d. Skills needed to be a cashier.• Ability to successfully complete a job application form• Change making skills• Competency in using different types of cash registers• Customer relation skills• Detail-oriented• Honesty• Good general work habits such as being punctual, dependable and neat in appearance

e. Key training collaborators.RMI Small Business Development Center (RMI SBDC)Local businesses


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SCUBA DIVING 31

All Atolls

a. Income opportunity: Increasingly, RMI is a “hot spot” for marine research activities. Visiting scientists would like to hire local divers to assist them; however very few Marshallese are certified divers, especially if they live on the outer atolls.

Diving is also the primary tourism activity, drawing dive enthusiasts from Australia, Japan and the United States. A live aboard dive boat is now operating throughout the country visiting Rongelap, Jaluit, Arno, Wotje and other atolls. The boat owners would prefer to hire divers and dive masters from the atolls they visit; however, there are none available.

In fact, 53% of low income women and youth on the outer atolls surveyed were interested in learning SCUBA diving. It is reasonable to assume that some will want to pursue higher SCUBA training levels and become dive masters and assistant research divers.

There is an opportunity to train 4-6 young men and women from dive destination atolls to become SCUBA open water certified. SCUBA certification allows visiting researchers to periodically hire them as assistant divers on various underwater research projects. Continuing the learning process through to completion of a dive master certification will allow dive companies and live aboards to hire them when visiting their atoll.

b. What is a certified SCUBA diver? A certified SCUBA diver is a person who has successfully completed a P.A.D. I. or N.A.U.I open water certification course or higher and owns at least a good quality mask, snorkel and fin set. The cost for an open water certification level in Majuro is $250. To continue the certification process until a person completes a dive master certification costs $1,550.

c. How much pay does a diver earn? It depends on job duties and experience, but a dependable researach diver would earn $2.00 per hour. A dependable dive master makes a minimum of $3.50/hour plus tips.

d. Potential constraints. • The cost of becoming research diver certified (including training, books and basic

equipment) is approximately $250. • Trainees would need to come to Majuro for training, an additional expense.• Lack of compressed air and tanks on the outer atolls makes diving to maintain skill levels

logistically challenging, but not impossible. • English competency required.

e. Skills needed to be paid SCUBA diver.• Completion of an open water certification course, • High level English reading, writing and speaking skills


SCUBA Diving continued

50

• Organizational skills and attention to detail• Good work habits• Safety-oriented• Strong customer relations

f. Key training collaborators Yokwe Divers and other dive shops College of the Marshall Islands Marshall Islands Marine Resources Authority


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SECRETARIAL SKILLS 32 Ebeye

a. Income opportunity. There are many secretarial jobs on Ebeye with local businesses, schools, government offices and hospitals. Many of the low income women surveyed indicated an interest in learning basic secretarial skills so they may apply for these jobs.

During interviews, low income women and youth on Ebeye were very interested in learning secretarial skills so they could apply to be a secretary at local government off ices, schools and businesses.

There is an excellent opportunity to conduct a series of secretarial skills training for women and youth on Ebeye.

b. How much does a beginning secretary earn? A beginning secretary may start at $2.00 an hour and move upward from there.

c. Potential constraints.• May need a pre-test to evaluate English & Marshallese competency.• Lack of a sufficient quantity of practice equipment. • Difficulty in finding a place to hold the training.• Lack of reliable transportation to Ebeye during the scheduled training.

d. Skills needed to be a secretary.• Ability to successfully complete a job application form• Phone skills• Message writing skills• Basic English or Marshallese competency skills• Basic typing skills• Basic computer skills• Basic filing skills• Basic math skills• Good work ethic • Organizational skills• Calendar keeping skills• Customer relations skills• Follow-up skills• Problem solving skills

Key training collaborators RMI Small Business Development Center (RMI SBDC) College of the Marshall Islands


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STOCKING AND INVENTORY SKILLS 33 Ebeye

a. Income opportunity. There are many stocking and inventory maintenance jobs on Ebeye with local businesses, schools, government offices and hospitals. Many of the low income women and youth surveyed indicated an interest in learning basic stocking and inventory skills so they may apply for these jobs.

There is an opportunity to train low income women and youth in basic stocking and inventory skills on Ebeye.

b. How much can a person with stocking and inventory skills make? A person with stocking and inventory skills starts about $2.00 an hour.

c. Potential constraints.• Finding a place to hold the training may be difficult. • Lack of reliable transportation to and from Ebeye when the training is scheduled.

d. Skills needed to obtain a job stocking and inventorying items.• Ability to complete a job application form• Being able to follow directions• Being able to recognize different brand labels• Ability to lift 30 lb boxes• Basic English reading and writing skills• Basic math skills• Basic computer skills (if applicable) • Honesty• Good general work habits • Detail-oriented and thorough

e. Key training collaboratorsEbeye businessesRMI Small Business Development Center


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ENGLISH & MARSHALLESE COMPENTENCY 34

All Atolls

a . Income oppor tuni ty. Many employers need to hire Marshallese that are competent in both English and Marshallese reading, writing and speaking. Many outer atoll Marshallese would be employable if their English and Marshallese competency skills were strengthened.

In many cases, outer atoll small business development requires a reasonable level of English and Marshallese reading, writing and speaking skills.

Additionally, at least 97% of the low income women and youth surveyed were interested in improving their English reading, writing and speaking skills, while at least 89% were interested in improving their Marshallese reading, writing and speaking skills.

There is an opportunity to hold regular reading, writing and speaking trainings to strengthen English and Marshallese skills level of outer atoll and Ebeye residents.

b. Potential constraints.• Lack of funds to support this type of longer term training may not be available.• Lack of instructors willing to live on an outer atoll for a period of time to conduct the

training.

c. Skills needed to obtain a job that includes English and Marshallese competency.• Ability to successfully complete a job application form• Ability to answer the phone in English or Marshallese• Ability to write messages in English and Marshallese• Ability to generally read, write and speak conversational English• Ability to take directions in English or Marshallese• Ability to interact with customers in English or Marshallese• Being comfortable in English speaking environments• Listening skills

d. Key training collaboratorsCollege of the Marshall IslandsLocal governments and MayorsElementary and high school principals


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COMPUTER SKILLS 35 Ebeye

a. Learning opportunity. Many Ebeye businesses use computers. Many low income women and youth on Ebeye are interested in learning to use computers so they may learn to email distant relatives and so they can say that they have basic computer knowledge when applying for a job.

In fact, 86% of those low income women and youth on the outer islands surveyed were interested in improving their computer skills.

There is an opportunity to provide computer training to large numbers of low income women and youth on Ebeye at this time. When the computer rooms at the Jaluit and Wotje skills training centers are up and running then low income women and youth from those two atolls can also be trained in computer skills.

b. Potential constraints. • Lack of a good training site with computers that is available at a reasonable time.• Lack of reliable transportation to travel to and from Ebeye for the training.

c. Skills needed to obtain a job with basic computer skills.• Basic understanding of the parts of a computer system ie hard drive, battery, surge

protector, CD, etc.• Knowledge of basic keyboard functions• Knowledge of basic desktop icons and their functions• Basic knowledge of tool bar functions• Basic knowledge of Microsoft Word processes• Basic knowledge of email processes• Basic knowledge of how a printer works• Knowledge of the process of how to print a document

d. Key training collaborators.College of the Marshall IslandsRMI Small Business Development Center (RMI SBDC)Job Corps


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MATH SKILLS 36 All Atolls

a. Learning opportunity. Being able to add, subtract, multiply and divide is an important job and life skill; but many Marshallese do not have basic math skills.

In fact, 96% of the low income women and youth on the outer atolls surveyed stated that they would like to improve their math skills.

There is an opportunity to provide training to improve the math skills and thus the employability of outer low income women and youth on all the outer atolls.

b. Potential constraints.• Pre-testing will be to be conducted to evaluate the skills level of training participants.

c. Basic math skills include the following. • Ability to identify numbers by their English name • Ability to understand basic math nomenclature• Ability to add, subtract, multiply and divide• Ability to understand how to compute basic percentages• Ability to understand how to compute basic fractions• Ability to use the most basic calculator functions• Ability to use an adding machine

d. Key training collaborators.College of the Marshall IslandsRMI Small Business Development Center (RMI SBDC)Job Corps


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BASIC MARKETING 37 All Atolls

a. Learning opportunity. Baked goods, handicrafts and candies are made by many Marshallese women and youth with very few marketing skills.

For example, some Marshallese women on several atolls want to market items to Kwajalein and Ebeye but don’t know how to go about it.

In addition, 85% of those low income women and youth on the outer atolls surveyed were interested in learning basic marketing.

There is an opportunity to hold trainings on all atolls to train Marshallese women on the different ways to market their products.

b. Potential constraints. • Lack of reliable transportation may delay training.

c. Skills needed to market products include.• Visualization skills• Basic math skills• Follow through skills• Coordination skills• Planning skills

d. Key training collaboratorsWomen United Together in the Marshall Islands (WUTMI)College of the Marshall Islands


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BASIC CARPENTRY 38 All Atolls

a. Income opportunity. Carpentry is a highly desirable skill in the outer islands. Families frequently need wooden items repaired, replaced, or built. Houses are frequently being built or added-on to.

Several young men each outer atoll surveyed indicated that they were interested in learning or improving their basic carpentry skills.

Additionally, 77% of the women and youth on the outer atolls surveyed were interested in sculpting wood. It is reasonable to assume that a number of them would be interested in learning basic carpentry.

There is an opportunity to conduct basic carpentry trainings on all outer atolls.

b. Potential constraints.• Lack of materials• Lack of proper tools• Poor weather conditions• Thievery

c. Skills needed to be a carpenter• Basic math skills• Measuring skills• Ability to use a level and other carpentry tools• Ability to properly maintain carpentry tools• Estimating skills• Ability to follow directions• Ability to use the materials at hand• Hammering and nailing skills• Ability to develop and maintain a mental blueprint

d. Key training collaboratorsWaan Aelon in Majel


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TABLE 4. Summary of employable skills trainings

Training Main BenefitsEstimated

training costs

Major constraints

Cashiering • Increases capacity for employability

• Promotes self pride Medium

• Locating several unused cash registers for training purposes

• Training offered only on Ebeye

SCUBA diving • Increases capacity for employability

• Promotes self esteem High

• Overall training costs • English competency required

Secretarial skills • Increases capacity for employability

• Promotes self esteemMedium

• An English & Marshallese competency pre-test will be necessary

Stocking & inventory skills

• Increases capacity for employability

• Promotes self esteem Low

• Lack of stocking & inventory skills

English & Marshallese competency

• Increases capacity for employability

• Provides new life long learning opportunities

• Promotes self esteem

Medium to High• Requires a long term training

commitment

Computer skills • Increases capacity for employability

• Allows family members outside the Marshall islands to communicate with relatives inexpensively via email


Medium• Locating enough available

computers on Ebeye

Math skills • Increases capacity for employability

• Promotes self esteemMedium

• Requires a long term trainingcommitment

Marketing skills • Increases capacity for additional income generation for individuals and businesses

Low • Lack of marketing skills

Carpentry • Increases capacity for employability or self-employment


Medium • Lack of materials• Lack of tools


SECTION 5:

59

TRADITIONAL & LIFE SKILLS TRAININGS

Traditional Marshallese food preservation

Health classes: Empowering health professionals to teach on-island

“Living Treasures” program

Korkor building and sailing

Money management

Boating safety

Career awareness Composting

Marine conservation & education

Learning different fishing techniques

Repairing fishing nets


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TRADITIONAL MARSHALLESE

FOOD PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES 39 All Atolls

a. Life skills learning opportunity. Many outer atolls have times when food is scarce. In the past, Marshallese developed ways to preserve fruit and fish. Though many of these methods are still used today, many Marshallese are unfamiliar with them.

In fact, 91% of the low income women and youth on the outer atolls surveyed wanted to learn t radi t ional food preservation methods.

b. Potential constraints.•Training must be conducted during

proper season for the food preservation techniquebeing learned.

c. Skills needed to preserve food traditionally Marshallese-style.• Listening skills• Organization skills• Planning skills• Sanitary food preparation techniques

d. Key collaboratorsWomen United in the Marshall IslandsIndividual practitioners


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HEALTH 40Empowering health professionals to teach health-related trainings All Atolls

a. Learning opportunity. Health assistants, nurse practitioners or doctors are assigned to most atolls in the RMI. Though they take care of the medical needs of their communities, they still have quite a bit of free time. Many would like to conduct specific trainings on various health topics within the community but don’t really feel empowered to do so.

There is an opportunity for health professionals already living in the outer atolls to take a lead role in conducting hea l th - re la ted t ra in ings fo r the i r communities on a long-term basis.

b. What does empowering health professionals involve? The strategy might be to bring health professionals back to Majuro for additional training, if needed, to empower them to conduct trainings where they live. Alternatively, it might involve distributing a teaching outline for health professionals to use when training; or, simply asking them to go ahead and hold trainings on the topics listed below when it is convenient.

c. Potential constraints.• Finding a replacement while an outer atoll health professional comes into Majuro for

additional training, if needed.• Finding funding support• Acquiring basic training materials to be taken back to the outer atoll dispensary

d. Health professionals could conduct the following trainings on their atoll.• Sex education • Human body systems • Basic First Aid • Sanitary food preparation • Household cleanliness • Personal hygiene • Nutrition and healthy cooking training• Proper use of household insecticides training• Exercise• Parenting

e. Skills health professionals need to conduct these trainings.• Organizational skills• Future planning skills• Coordination skills• Strong community relations• Strong speaking skills


Health: Empowering Health Professionals to Teach Health-related Trainings continued

62

f. Key collaborators.Majuro HospitalCollege of the Marshall Islands nursing programMinistry of Health

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“LIVING TREASURES” PROGRAM 41

Recipients to be determined

a. Income opportunity. Some senior Marshallese create exceptionally fine or unique handicrafts. A few are the only ones left that know how to make a specific traditional item. For example, the woman pictured is the only person on Ujae that still remembers how to make traditional Marshallese belts. These unique skills are, in some instances, in danger of being lost.

There is an opportunity to recognize an exceptional level of skill mastery with a Living Treasures program.

b. What is a Living Treasures program?Countries such as Russia, Japan, China, many American Indian tribes have recognized masters of the arts with a special title, an acknowledgement of their exceptional skills and contributions to traditional or modern arts. When this distinction is received it allows the artist or craftsman to command a premium price for their work, and encourages collectors to accumulate examples of their work.

The Living Treasures program also encourages the transfer of knowledge from masters to younger apprentices.

b. Potential constraints.• Choices based on nepotism instead of merit.• The nomination process needs to overcome the tradition of staying in the background

instead of stepping forward to acknowledge individual accomplishment.

c. Skills needed to develop a “Living Treasures” program.• Meeting skills• Collaboration• Agreed upon selection criteria in writing• A nonbiased nomination process• Balanced representation on the selection committee• National recognition• Promotion skills

d. Key program collaborators.Blue ribbon committee comprised of Women United Together in the Marshall Islands, College of the Marshall Islands, Ministry of Internal Affairs and other interested groups.

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KORKOR BUILDING AND SAILING 42

All Atolls

Traditional skills learning. A great deal of skill is needed to build traditional Marshallese canoes known as “korkors.” In the past, every atoll depended on these w o o d e n b o a t s f o r f i s h i n g a n d transportat ion purposes. With the introduction of Western culture. korkor building and sailing skills were becoming increasingly rare on some atolls. Today, Waan Aelon Im Majel (WAM) has revived the art of making korkor and is teaching Marshallese the skills needed so they can return to their atolls and teach others. In addition, 51% of the women and youth surveyed indicated they wanted to learn how to build and sail korkor.

There is an opportunity for many women and youth to learn korkor building and sailing skills through the WAM project.

Potential constraints. • Lack of enough large trees to make a korkor • Lack of funding to supply trainers to visit a specific atoll for training purposes

Skills needed to make a korkor.• Knowledge of the traditional design knowledge of korkor based on the environmental

conditions of the particular island waters it will be used in.• Sequential thinking and memorization skills• Understanding of geometric principles• Woodworking skills• Gluing skills • Wood sanding skills • Wood caulking skills• Ability to read winds and tides• Basic math skills• Ability to follow directions

Key training collaboratorsLocal governmentsWaan Aelon in Majel


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MONEY MANAGEMENT 43 All Atolls

a.Life Skills Learning Opportunity. Outer atoll women and youth readily admit that their money management skills are extremely poor. As soon as any money is received, it is spent on food or necessities such as kerosene. Almost all families have a local store “account” which allows them to buy food on credit. Once these families go into “account debt”, all income goes to pay off the debt and it becomes a never-ending cycle. Very few families have savings accounts or are able to save money. Additionally, social obligations such as feeding off-island visitors or traditional cultural events such as a baby’s first birthday party often take an additional toll on family finances.

Over 91% of those surveyed indicated that they would like to take a class in money management or accounting.

There is an opportunity to train as many people as are interested on the outer islands in basic money management skills.

b. Potential constraints.• Embarrassment to attend a money management training.• Poor math skills.• Poor planning skills.

c. Skills needed to manage money.• Being able to set monetary priorities• Being able to do simple math• Being able to keep your money in a safe place• Being able to make a list of how much money you spend on what in a month• Being able to make a simple budget based on your monthly income• Planning skills • Money safe keeping skills

d. Key training collaborators.College of the Marshall IslandsUniversity of the South Pacific Marshall Islands Campus


66

BOATING SAFETY 44 All Atolls

a. Life skills learning opportunity. Outer islanders use either korkor (traditional Marshallese outriggers) or Western style boats to travel between islands within their atoll. However, not all travel is conducted in a safe manner. For example, boats often do not have spare paddles or emergency water onboard. Marshallese boats do get stranded on uninhabited outer atolls and out at sea. Knowing basic boating safety would help prevent emergency situations from occurring in the first place.

There is an opportunity to train entire communities in basic boating safety.

b. Potential constraints.• Lack of training in boating safety techniques.• Lack of adequate boating safety equipment.• Lack of a safety attitude when preparing for and conducting boating activities.

c. Skills needed to practice basic boating safety • Attention to detail• Knowledge of why emergencies occur• Future planning skills• Troubleshooting skills• Survival at sea skills • Deck safety skills• Basic first aid skills• Essential safety equipment knowledge• International distress signal skills

d. Key training collaboratorsFisheries Nautical Training CenterWaan Aelon in Majel (WAM)


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CAREER AWARENESS 45 All Atolls

a. Learning opportunity. Most RMI youth are unaware of the types of careers available to them and are not counseled about what sort of jobs they might enjoy or find work in. School dropouts, may have fewer career choices, but there are still job opportunities for them with some skills training.

In fact, 93% of low income women and youth on the outer atolls surveyed were interested in taking a career awareness class.

There is an opportunity to heighten awareness about the different types of jobs available in RMI and what sort of training is needed for each; thus helping individuals make choices and set goals for themselves in terms of skills learning. b. What is career awareness? Career awareness is a general understanding of the broad categories of jobs available worldwide and what job skills, degrees or vocational experience needed to become employed in that field. A large part of any career awareness training would focus on the present and future employment needs of the RMI.

c. Potential constraints.• None foreseen.

d. Skills needed in choosing a career • Being able to identify and set realistic personal goals • Planning skills• Decision making skills• Self awareness skills• Being able to choose supportive role models

e. Key training collaboratorsUniversity of the South Pacific Majuro campusCollege of the Marshall Islands


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COMPOSTING 46 All Atolls

a. Life skills learning opportunity. Most RMI atolls have only a thin layer of soil. Daily, Marshallese clean up their yards, picking up the large breadfruit tree leaves and other organic material and throwing it away elsewhere or they burn the leaves. Few people know what composting is and how it can make a rich soil to be placed around trees or in gardens.

b. Potential constraints.• Lack of knowledge about what is

compost. • Lack of knowledge about proper

composting methods.• Lack of knowledge about the

best uses for compost.

c. Skills needed to compost leaves.• Conscientiously maintaining the compost pile• Knowledge of what can and what cannot be composted

d. Key training collaboratorsMinistry of Resources and DevelopmentCollege of the Marshall Islands


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MARINE CONSERVATION & EDUCATION 47

All Atolls

a. Life skills opportunity. Outer atoll Marshallese heavily rely on the ocean for food and harvest many organisms such as lobster, fish and sea turtles to eat. However, many of these food species can be easily overharvested making them difficult to find in the future.

For example, Marshallese on many atolls harvest female lobsters with eggs under their tails, thus killing hundreds of baby lobsters along with the mother. These baby lobsters will not be available for Marshallese to eat in the future because they were killed along with their mother.

Some people living on the outer atolls catch mother turtles and collect all of the newly laid eggs. If these practices continue, there will be fewer turtles available as food for Marshallese in the future as well as a loss of a source of potential income. Outer atolls are already seeing a reduction in nesting turtle numbers.

b. What is marine conservation? Marine conservation is learning to use ocean resources wisely, making sure that those resources such as lobster, certain fish species and turtles are still there in abundance in the future for your children to use.

c. Potential constraints.• Lack of knowledge of the life cycles of marine organisms such as sea turtles and

lobsters.• Lack of knowledge about marine conservation techniques.• Lack of community agreement in conducting marine conservation activities.

d. Skills needed for marine conservation.• General knowledge of the RMI marine environment• Basic fisheries knowledge• Life history knowledge of targeted species for conservation such sea turtles and lobsters• Future planning skills• Community outreach skills

e. Key training collaborators College of the Marshall Islands Science Department Future local environmental NGOs


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LEARNING DIFFERENT FISHING TECHNIQUES 48

All Atolls

a. Life skills learning opportunity. Marshallese depend heavily on fish and marine invertebrates as sources of protein. Several fishing techniques are commonly used such as trolling, surf fishing and cast netting.

Additionally, 62% of those surveyed were interested in learning different fishing techniques.

There is an opportunity to train entire communities in new fishing techniques.

b. Potential constraints. • Lack of proper supplies or

materials.• Poor weather.

c. Skills needed to learn different fishing techniques.• Ability to follow directions• Planning skills• Listening skills• Knowledge about different types of fishing equipment and how to use them• Knowledge about fish habits• Knowledge ocean conditions, weather and moon phases

d. Key training collaborators.College of the Marshall Islands Science DepartmentMarshall Islands Marine Resources Authority (MIMRA)


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REPAIRING FISHING NETS 49

All Atolls

a. Life skills opportunity. Both cast nets and line nets are relied upon heavily by Marshallese men to supply food for their families. Nets often get holes in them and need to be repaired.

During interviews, several young men on each of the atolls surveyed were interested in learning how to mend fish nets.

There is an opportunity to teach entire communities how to properly repair nets.

b. Potential constraints.• None foreseen.

c. Skills needed to repair nets.• Listening skills• Ability to follow directions• Sewing skills• Patience• Attention to detail

d. Key training collaboratorsMarshall Islands Marine Resources AuthorityFisheries Nautical Training Center


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TABLE 5. Summary of traditional & life skills trainings

Training Main benefitsEstimated

costs Major constraints

Traditional Marshallese food preservation techniques

• Increases self-sustainability• Provides additional income through

food sales • Promotes traditional Marshallese

culture and pride

Low

• Training must occur during the right season

Health: Empowering outer atoll health professionals to conduct health-related trainings

• Increases capacity for community to receive trainings

• Long-term commitment to community by the trainer

• Promotes professional prideMedium to High

• Finding a replacement while person is in Majuro receiving any necessary training

• Finding funding to provide training materials or travel to Majuro may be difficult

“Living Treasures” program

• Provides additional income through value-adding an individual’s handicrafts


Low to Medium

• Politics may make program difficult to implement

Korkor building & sailing

• Increases self-sustainability• Promotes traditional Marshallese

culture and pride Medium

• Lack of enough large trees to make a korkor

• Lack of money to provide a trainer

Money management • Increases capacity of individuals and families to set spending & priorities• Increases capacity of individuals & families to reduce or limit debts

Low

• Poor math and planning skills may slow the training

Boating safety • Reduces accidents and simple boat problems

• Encourages planning for safety• Promotes professional pride

Low to Medium• Finding funding support for

the training may be challenging

Composting • Promotes sustainability• Promotes gardening Low

• None foreseen

Marine conservation • Protects marine resources for use by future generations

• Promotes environmental education• Encourages traditional conservation

methods

Low• Food issues may outweigh

conservation periodically making resource conservation difficult on some atolls

Learning different fishing techniques

• Increases self-sufficiency & food security

• Improves nutrition• Promotes pride

Low• Training may need to occur

during a particular season to be most effective

Repairingfishing nets

• Increases longevity of a major family investment (nets can cost $300) None

• None foreseen

Career Awareness • Heightens awareness of job• opportunities • Helps address RMI labor force needs

None• None foreseen


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APPENDICES


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1 Data collection fm 348 low income women and youth (young men and woman 14-24 yrs old) on Ebeye, Utrik, Ebon, Wotje, Jaluit, Woja (Ailinglaplap) and Ujae in 2005.

75

Learn to kayak or sail a korkor

Traditional house building

Tourism-related nature

Healthy cooking

Career awareness

Basic marketing

Gardening

Business development

Money management / Accounting

First aid

Properly filling out forms

Health

Parenting

Exercise

0 25 50 75 100

Vocational and Life Skills Survey Results from Low Income Women andYouth from 7 Different Atolls

Percent

Family working together to make handicrafts

Have outsiders stay in your house as paying guests

Improve your computer skills

Learn how to sculpt wood

Learn korkor building and sailing

Learn different fishing techniques

Build mini-model korkor for tourists to buy

Be better at farming or raising chickens, turkeys or goats

Put in and maintain solar panels or wind generators

Farm giant clams, pearls or fish

Learn different kinds of sewing or needlework

Be a SCUBA diver

Lead a tour around your island

Play an instrument

Learn basic bookkeeping

Learn Marshallese food preservation

Improve math skills

Make different kinds of handicrafts

Speak English better

Write English better

Read English better

Speak Marshallese better

Write Marshallese better

Read Marshallese better

0 25.0000 50.0000 75.0000 100.0000

Percent

Vocational and Life Skills Survey Results from Low Income Women and Youth from 7 Different Atolls

Mark Data collection from 348 low income women and youth (young men and woman 14-24 yrs old) on Ebeye, Utrik, Ebon, Wotje, Jaluit, Woja (Ailinglaplap) and Ujae in 2005.

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OUTER ISLANDS LIFE SKILLS AND VOCATIONAL NEEDS BASIC ASSESSMENT SURVEY 2005

Purpose. This survey was designed to explore and collect initial vocational and life skills training information low income women and youth would like to have conducted on their atoll.

During this project women were considered as anyone 25 years or older. Youth were defined as young men and women being between the ages of 14 to 24 years. A total of 348 people were surveyed and 106 people participated in focus groups in approximately a four month period in early 2005.

The survey was piloted in the fall of 2004 among low income Majuro youth and was revised and finalized. However, data was collected not only via the interview-based survey, but through focus groups, informal conversations and on-site observations by the Consultant.

The document “Skills-based trainings to increase income generation and enhance life skills on the RMI atolls” was created directly from the data analysis.

Survey weaknesses. The administration of the survey questionnaire was not strictly consistent for several reasons. First, some questions were difficult for people to understand and had to be rephrased and simplified, sometimes several times. In addition, several translators were involved with the project over time and though the content of the questions remained the same, the way the question was initially posed varied to a slight degree.

Translators preferred reviewing the English version of the survey and translating directly instead of referring to the Marshallese translation. Some interviews were conducted in both English and Marshallese and some entirely in English, based on the language knowledge base of the interviewee.

The translators and the Consultant quickly learned to read the facial expressions of interviewees and reminded them that saying “no” was okay in order to minimize the Micronesian cultural habit of agreeing with what an outsider says. However, the data might reflect this to a minor degree.

Data interpretation. Data was analyzed and evaluated. Life skills were integrated into the income generating trainings as much as possible. In some instances, though a question received a large percentage of positive responses, it was not considered as a training priority.

Results. Forty-nine skills-based trainings were recommended and are basis of the document titled “Skills-based trainings to increase income generation and enhance life skills on the RMI outer atolls.”


77

Outer Islands Life Skills and Vocational Needs Basic Assessment Survey - 2005Outer Islands Life Skills and Vocational Needs Basic Assessment Survey - 2005Outer Islands Life Skills and Vocational Needs Basic Assessment Survey - 2005Outer Islands Life Skills and Vocational Needs Basic Assessment Survey - 2005Outer Islands Life Skills and Vocational Needs Basic Assessment Survey - 2005Date:Date:Date:Date:Date:

We are here today to learn about what job(s) you are interested in. We are also here to listen about what skills you would like to learn. We are specifically asking low income women and youth so we can help you find ways to improve the quality of your life or earn extra money. This information will help National Training Council and the National Vocational Training Institute design training programs to meet your needs. If you are unclear about any part of a question, please let us know so we can clarify it for you.





Background Information Highest education level earned by:Background Information Highest education level earned by:Background Information Highest education level earned by:Background Information Highest education level earned by:Background Information Highest education level earned by:Location:Location: Interviewee:Interviewee:Interviewee:

# of children: # of people living in your household?

Have you been out of RMI? If so, where?Have you been out of RMI? If so, where?Have you been out of RMI? If so, where?

What is your weekly or monthly income?What is your weekly or monthly income?

Have you been out of RMI? If so, where?Have you been out of RMI? If so, where?Have you been out of RMI? If so, where?

1. Do you have a job now? _______What do you do?

2.What job interests you? Why do you like that job? Do you think you could do that job one day?

3. What skills do you have to help you get the job you want? What skills do you need to learn to be hired for the job you want?...













Life Skills-related QuestionsLife Skills-related QuestionsLife Skills-related QuestionsLife Skills-related QuestionsLife Skills-related QuestionsNow we are going to ask some very specific Yes or No questions. Please let us know if we need to clarify a question for you.Now we are going to ask some very specific Yes or No questions. Please let us know if we need to clarify a question for you.Now we are going to ask some very specific Yes or No questions. Please let us know if we need to clarify a question for you.Now we are going to ask some very specific Yes or No questions. Please let us know if we need to clarify a question for you.Now we are going to ask some very specific Yes or No questions. Please let us know if we need to clarify a question for you.

Would you be interested in attending a(n)_________________ on your island?Would you be interested in attending a(n)_________________ on your island?Would you be interested in attending a(n)_________________ on your island? Yes NoAn exercise class?An exercise class?An exercise class?A parenting class?A parenting class?A parenting class?Health classes?Health classes?Health classes?A class on how to properly fill out different types of forms? (bank loan, job application, etc.)A class on how to properly fill out different types of forms? (bank loan, job application, etc.)A class on how to properly fill out different types of forms? (bank loan, job application, etc.)A first aid class?A first aid class?A first aid class?A money management class or accounting class?A money management class or accounting class?A money management class or accounting class?A business development class?A business development class?A business development class?A gardening class?A gardening class?A gardening class?A basic marketing class?A basic marketing class?A basic marketing class?A career awareness class?A career awareness class?A career awareness class?A healthy cooking class?A healthy cooking class?A healthy cooking class?A tourism-related nature class? (reefs, birds…etc.)A tourism-related nature class? (reefs, birds…etc.)A tourism-related nature class? (reefs, birds…etc.)A traditional house building class?A traditional house building class?A traditional house building class?A kayaking or korkor class?A kayaking or korkor class?A kayaking or korkor class?What other types of classes would you be interested in taking if they were available on your island?What other types of classes would you be interested in taking if they were available on your island?What other types of classes would you be interested in taking if they were available on your island?What other types of classes would you be interested in taking if they were available on your island?What other types of classes would you be interested in taking if they were available on your island?

78

Do you swim? _____Do you snorkel?_____? Would you like to take a class where (women) go out and snorkel together to look for food, shells or just have fun?___________ Would you have to ask your husband?______What would he say?______________





Vocational SkillsVocational SkillsVocational SkillsVocational SkillsVocational SkillsNow we are going to move on to some very specific questions related to vocational training.Now we are going to move on to some very specific questions related to vocational training.Now we are going to move on to some very specific questions related to vocational training.Now we are going to move on to some very specific questions related to vocational training.Now we are going to move on to some very specific questions related to vocational training.

Would you like to learn…Would you like to learn…Would you like to learn… Yes Noread Marshallese betterread Marshallese betterread Marshallese betterwrite Marshallese betterwrite Marshallese betterwrite Marshallese betterspeak Marshallese betterspeak Marshallese betterspeak Marshallese betterread English betterread English betterread English betterwrite English betterwrite English betterwrite English betterspeak English betterspeak English betterspeak English better

make different kinds of handicraftsmake different kinds of handicraftsmake different kinds of handicrafts

improve your math skillsimprove your math skillsimprove your math skills

Marshallese food preservation?Marshallese food preservation?Marshallese food preservation?

basic book keepingbasic book keepingbasic book keeping

play an instrument? Which one would you like to learn how to play?play an instrument? Which one would you like to learn how to play?play an instrument? Which one would you like to learn how to play?

lead a tour around your island?lead a tour around your island?lead a tour around your island?

be a SCUBA diver?be a SCUBA diver?be a SCUBA diver?

different kind of sewing or needlework?different kind of sewing or needlework?different kind of sewing or needlework?

farm giant clams, pearls or fish?farm giant clams, pearls or fish?farm giant clams, pearls or fish?

put in and maintain solar panels or wind generators?put in and maintain solar panels or wind generators?put in and maintain solar panels or wind generators?

be a better farmer or better at growing chickens, turkeys or goats?be a better farmer or better at growing chickens, turkeys or goats?be a better farmer or better at growing chickens, turkeys or goats?

build mini-model korkor for tourist to buy?build mini-model korkor for tourist to buy?build mini-model korkor for tourist to buy?

learn different fishing techniqueslearn different fishing techniqueslearn different fishing techniques

korkor building and sailing?korkor building and sailing?korkor building and sailing?

sculpting wood?sculpting wood?sculpting wood?

improve your computer skills?improve your computer skills?improve your computer skills?

have outsiders come and experience traditional Marshallese culture for a few days in your home as paying guests?have outsiders come and experience traditional Marshallese culture for a few days in your home as paying guests?have outsiders come and experience traditional Marshallese culture for a few days in your home as paying guests?have your entire family working together to make handicrafts?have your entire family working together to make handicrafts?have your entire family working together to make handicrafts?

Is there anything else you would like to learn how to do?Is there anything else you would like to learn how to do?Is there anything else you would like to learn how to do?Is there anything else you would like to learn how to do?Is there anything else you would like to learn how to do?

79

Last Questions

If you had enough money to start any business you wanted, what business would you start and why?...

If you had enough money to learn any job you wanted, what job would you go into and why?

Is there anything else you would like to say?

Thank you very much for your time. Your input has been very valuable. Kommol.

Jerbal in etale kabel ko ikijien mour ilo aelon ko ilikin im aikuj ko ikijien jerbal in ba. - 2005Jerbal in etale kabel ko ikijien mour ilo aelon ko ilikin im aikuj ko ikijien jerbal in ba. - 2005Jerbal in etale kabel ko ikijien mour ilo aelon ko ilikin im aikuj ko ikijien jerbal in ba. - 2005Jerbal in etale kabel ko ikijien mour ilo aelon ko ilikin im aikuj ko ikijien jerbal in ba. - 2005Jerbal in etale kabel ko ikijien mour ilo aelon ko ilikin im aikuj ko ikijien jerbal in ba. - 2005Date:Date:Date:Date:Date:Jej itok ijin rainin nan ekkatak kin kain job ak jerbal rot ko ekaitok limoum kaki. Kimij bareinwot itok nan ronjake kin kabel ko konaj aikuji nan kokomanmanlok business eo am. Kimij kajitok elaptata kin kora ro ak jodikdik ro erik jaan ko walok jen leen entaan (income) ko aer make nan ad bukot jot wawein ko renaj jiban kom im kokomanmanlok wawein ami mour. Melele kein renaj jiban NVTI ilo an design i training program ko renaj jiban aikuj ko ami. Kim konan moktata kajitok jot kajitok ko rerbakbak innem tokelik jenaj womanlok kon kajitok ko rejejjet im jelet wot juon un. Elane ewor mottan ko ilo kajitok ko im kwojjab melele kaki jouj im kalikare bwe jen maron kemleleiki.

Jej itok ijin rainin nan ekkatak kin kain job ak jerbal rot ko ekaitok limoum kaki. Kimij bareinwot itok nan ronjake kin kabel ko konaj aikuji nan kokomanmanlok business eo am. Kimij kajitok elaptata kin kora ro ak jodikdik ro erik jaan ko walok jen leen entaan (income) ko aer make nan ad bukot jot wawein ko renaj jiban kom im kokomanmanlok wawein ami mour. Melele kein renaj jiban NVTI ilo an design i training program ko renaj jiban aikuj ko ami. Kim konan moktata kajitok jot kajitok ko rerbakbak innem tokelik jenaj womanlok kon kajitok ko rejejjet im jelet wot juon un. Elane ewor mottan ko ilo kajitok ko im kwojjab melele kaki jouj im kalikare bwe jen maron kemleleiki.



Jej itok ijin rainin nan ekkatak kin kain job ak jerbal rot ko ekaitok limoum kaki. Kimij bareinwot itok nan ronjake kin kabel ko konaj aikuji nan kokomanmanlok business eo am. Kimij kajitok elaptata kin kora ro ak jodikdik ro erik jaan ko walok jen leen entaan (income) ko aer make nan ad bukot jot wawein ko renaj jiban kom im kokomanmanlok wawein ami mour. Melele kein renaj jiban NVTI ilo an design i training program ko renaj jiban aikuj ko ami. Kim konan moktata kajitok jot kajitok ko rerbakbak innem tokelik jenaj womanlok kon kajitok ko rejejjet im jelet wot juon un. Elane ewor mottan ko ilo kajitok ko im kwojjab melele kaki jouj im kalikare bwe jen maron kemleleiki.Melele ko re- kwalok kadkadin: Grade eo tobare ikijien jelalokjen:Melele ko re- kwalok kadkadin: Grade eo tobare ikijien jelalokjen:Melele ko re- kwalok kadkadin: Grade eo tobare ikijien jelalokjen:Melele ko re- kwalok kadkadin: Grade eo tobare ikijien jelalokjen:Melele ko re- kwalok kadkadin: Grade eo tobare ikijien jelalokjen:Aelon eo kwoj pad ie:Aelon eo kwoj pad ie: Eo rej interview-ki:Eo rej interview-ki:Eo rej interview-ki:Etam:Etam: Jineir:Jineir:Jineir:Drettam: Emaan / Kora Jemeir:Jemeir:Jemeir:Oran nejum ajiri: Oran jeim ak jatim maan ak

kora:Emoj ke am pad ilikin RMI? Elane aet, ia?Emoj ke am pad ilikin RMI? Elane aet, ia?Emoj ke am pad ilikin RMI? Elane aet, ia?

Ie rettan jaan eo kwoj loe ilo juon wiik ak juon allon?Ie rettan jaan eo kwoj loe ilo juon wiik ak juon allon?Ie rettan jaan eo kwoj loe ilo juon wiik ak juon allon?Ie rettan jaan eo kwoj loe ilo juon wiik ak juon allon?Ie rettan jaan eo kwoj loe ilo juon wiik ak juon allon?1. Kwoj jerbal ke kio? Kwoj kotmane kwon ke jerbale jerbal in wot (ak konan jerbal) jiljno allon jen torein? Ak juon yio? Ne jaab, kwoj kotmane bwe kwonaj jerbal rot?

2. Jerbal rot e-itok limoum kake? Ta eo e-itok limoum kin jerbal rotin kake? Kolak lale komaronin ke tobar ak kommane jerbal in juon raan? Ta unin am maron ak ban?

3. Ewor ta kapeel epad ippam kadede nan jiban iuk bok jerbal eo kokanan? Ta kapeel ko ko kwoj aikuj ekatak nan aer bok eok nan jerbal eo eitok limoum kake?

1. Kwoj jerbal ke kio? Kwoj kotmane kwon ke jerbale jerbal in wot (ak konan jerbal) jiljno allon jen torein? Ak juon yio? Ne jaab, kwoj kotmane bwe kwonaj jerbal rot?












Kajjitok ko rejelet mourKajjitok ko rejelet mourKajjitok ko rejelet mourKajjitok ko rejelet mourKajjitok ko rejelet mourKio jenaj wonmaanlok wot nan jet kajjitok ko rejelet juon wot men, ko im naaj iuwaaki kin Aet ak Jaab wot. Jouj im kalikkar ne kim aikuj kemleleik eok kin jabrewot ian kajjitok kein ilal.Kio jenaj wonmaanlok wot nan jet kajjitok ko rejelet juon wot men, ko im naaj iuwaaki kin Aet ak Jaab wot. Jouj im kalikkar ne kim aikuj kemleleik eok kin jabrewot ian kajjitok kein ilal.Kio jenaj wonmaanlok wot nan jet kajjitok ko rejelet juon wot men, ko im naaj iuwaaki kin Aet ak Jaab wot. Jouj im kalikkar ne kim aikuj kemleleik eok kin jabrewot ian kajjitok kein ilal.Kio jenaj wonmaanlok wot nan jet kajjitok ko rejelet juon wot men, ko im naaj iuwaaki kin Aet ak Jaab wot. Jouj im kalikkar ne kim aikuj kemleleik eok kin jabrewot ian kajjitok kein ilal.Kio jenaj wonmaanlok wot nan jet kajjitok ko rejelet juon wot men, ko im naaj iuwaaki kin Aet ak Jaab wot. Jouj im kalikkar ne kim aikuj kemleleik eok kin jabrewot ian kajjitok kein ilal.En itok ke limoum in pad ilo juon ________ ion aelon eo am?En itok ke limoum in pad ilo juon ________ ion aelon eo am?En itok ke limoum in pad ilo juon ________ ion aelon eo am? Aet JaabKilaaj in exercise ak kamourur enbwin?Kilaaj in exercise ak kamourur enbwin?Kilaaj in exercise ak kamourur enbwin?Kilaaj in katak kajiriri?Kilaaj in katak kajiriri?Kilaaj in katak kajiriri?Kilaaj in katak kin ej-mour?Kilaaj in katak kin ej-mour?Kilaaj in katak kin ej-mour?Kilaaj in ekatak kanne pepa ko einwot application nan loan ak jerbal.Kilaaj in ekatak kanne pepa ko einwot application nan loan ak jerbal.Kilaaj in ekatak kanne pepa ko einwot application nan loan ak jerbal.

Kilaaj in jiban ilo jorran ko dreidin?Kilaaj in jiban ilo jorran ko dreidin?Kilaaj in jiban ilo jorran ko dreidin?

Kilaaj in kojeikiik ak lale jaan?Kilaaj in kojeikiik ak lale jaan?Kilaaj in kojeikiik ak lale jaan?Kilaaj in wawein kajjutak business?Kilaaj in wawein kajjutak business?Kilaaj in wawein kajjutak business?Killaj in ekkat?Killaj in ekkat?Killaj in ekkat?Kilaaj in kilen im wawein wia kaki ko?Kilaaj in kilen im wawein wia kaki ko?Kilaaj in kilen im wawein wia kaki ko?Kilaaj in ekkatak kin kain jerbal ko?Kilaaj in ekkatak kin kain jerbal ko?Kilaaj in ekkatak kin kain jerbal ko?

80

Kilaaj in komat?Kilaaj in komat?Kilaaj in komat?Kilaaj ko rejelet jerbal in kokotan ko im reiooklok men ko i-belaakir einwot bedbed ko ad ak mennin mour ko?Kilaaj ko rejelet jerbal in kokotan ko im reiooklok men ko i-belaakir einwot bedbed ko ad ak mennin mour ko?Kilaaj ko rejelet jerbal in kokotan ko im reiooklok men ko i-belaakir einwot bedbed ko ad ak mennin mour ko?Kilaaj in ekatak ekkal immon aelon kein?Kilaaj in ekatak ekkal immon aelon kein?Kilaaj in ekatak ekkal immon aelon kein?Kilaaj in ejerakrok kin korkorKilaaj in ejerakrok kin korkorKilaaj in ejerakrok kin korkorKain bar kilaaj rot enaj itok limoum kaki ne rekar komman ilo aelon eo am?Kain bar kilaaj rot enaj itok limoum kaki ne rekar komman ilo aelon eo am?Kain bar kilaaj rot enaj itok limoum kaki ne rekar komman ilo aelon eo am?Kain bar kilaaj rot enaj itok limoum kaki ne rekar komman ilo aelon eo am?Kain bar kilaaj rot enaj itok limoum kaki ne rekar komman ilo aelon eo am?

Kejerbal mej im kein menono ekkar wot ke nan leo ibbam? Ej ke juon men eo kokonan kommane kwe make?Kejerbal mej im kein menono ekkar wot ke nan leo ibbam? Ej ke juon men eo kokonan kommane kwe make?Kejerbal mej im kein menono ekkar wot ke nan leo ibbam? Ej ke juon men eo kokonan kommane kwe make?Kejerbal mej im kein menono ekkar wot ke nan leo ibbam? Ej ke juon men eo kokonan kommane kwe make?Kejerbal mej im kein menono ekkar wot ke nan leo ibbam? Ej ke juon men eo kokonan kommane kwe make?

Kapeel ko ikijen paKapeel ko ikijen paKapeel ko ikijen paKic jenaj etal w›t –an ad kajitkin eok jet kajitck ko me rejelet kapeel ko ikijen p‹Kic jenaj etal w›t –an ad kajitkin eok jet kajitck ko me rejelet kapeel ko ikijen p‹Kic jenaj etal w›t –an ad kajitkin eok jet kajitck ko me rejelet kapeel ko ikijen p‹

Ew›r ke am itoklimo in ekatak kilen kommani men kein………………. Aet Jaabk›laplok am jela riit kajin Majolk›laplok am jela jeje kajin Majolk›laplok am jela konono kajin Majolk›laplok am jela riit kajin Psllek›laplok am jela jeje kajin Psllek›laplok am jela konono kajin Psllek›mman el›n lok jen juon kain amimonok›manmanlok kapeel in b›nb›n eo ippamkilen komman m›g‹ in etto ko im eto aer pedkilen kejparok mani duojlok im delo–tokkilen ikkure kin kein k›jagjag ko? Kein k›jagjag ta eo eitoklimoim kake?jela kilen tel ju›n kumi in lotok jen lal ko ilikin gan ene eojuon eo ej ri-tulxkkeke el›– kain nuknuk ko im jerbal ko kin nit›lt‹‹p kapoor, b››r, im ekk›vvaak, K›mman jolar panel im injin k›to kok›manmanlok im k›laplok jela ikijen kadd›k m›g‹ im tssp bao, take, im kootjekjek wa ko reddik lok jen k›rk›r –an an ri-lotok ro jen lal ko ilikin wiakikatak el›g lok jen ju›n kain egodkatak kilen jekjek wa im ejjerakrckkapeel ikijen amimono ko k›mman jen wijki kok›laplok jela eo am ikijen kejerbal computerb›ktok jet ro jen lal ko ilikin nan aer jokwe ippam im ekatak manit in Majel iumin jidik ien ilo aer k›vv‹ w›nenkobaik baamle eo am ippen doon im k›mman amimono in Krijm›jel›– ke bar men en kw›j k›nan ekatak ijelokin kein em›j kelaajraki ilcg?

Kajit›k ko eliktata

Ela–e en kar bwe mani ippam –an kajutak ju›n am bejnej, kain bejnej r›t eo konaj kar k›nan kajutake im ebajet?

Ela–e en kar bwe mani ippam –an am ekatak –an ju›n joob, joob r›t eo kw›n kar b›ke im ebajet?

Kem marog ke t›bar eok ela–e NVTI enaj k›mmane ju›n an kaminene ikijen ju›n ian itoklimo kein am ? Aet / Jaab . Elane aet, ewi wewein am naaj t›bar eok? ________________________________________________________________________

El›– ke am bar kakobaba ak enaan ilo t›re in?

Elap an aurok ijo konam. Komol kin ien ko am.81

income generation outer islands 2005 - lisa king

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