index peter bowers developing literacy and critical thinking through scientific inquiry about how...

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Peter Bowers

Developing literacy and critical thinking through scientific inquiry about how English spelling works.




Structured Word Inquiry

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• English Spelling

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• English Spelling❖ irregular, unreliable, crazy, frustrating...

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• Spelling Instruction

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• Spelling Instruction❖ boring, ineffective, memorization, irrelevant

(spell checkers)...

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This is a hypothesis...


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This is a hypothesis that can be tested through scientific inquiry.


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Structured Word Inquiry



This is a hypothesis that can be tested through scientific inquiry.


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English spelling works?


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“…[L]earning to read is learning how to use the conventional forms of printed language to obtain meaning from words…

Rayner, Foorman, Perfetti, Pesetsky, & Seidenberg,et al. (2001). How psychological science informs the teaching of reading, American

Psychological Society, 2, 31-74.

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“…[L]earning to read is learning how to use the conventional forms of printed language to obtain meaning from words…This view implies that the child learning how to read needs to learn how his or her writing system works [emphasis added]” (p. 34).



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“…[L]earning to read is learning how to use the conventional forms of printed language to obtain meaning from words…This view implies that the child learning how to read needs to learn how his or her writing system works [emphasis added]” (p. 34).



Assuming English spelling has conventions that work, let’s...

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Test our systems for teaching spelling against the spelling system.

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criesskyreallyballhelpfulfullsee, seaheto, too, twotheir, there

ridiculousreceivefriendshousegivepackageknew, newnightlaughed, painted,used, sled,

been, teendoesbusinessbrother, hothouseputtingstopper, properprintsbankruptcyskiingquestion

Test our systems for teaching spelling against the spelling system.

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What should we do when data does not conform to assumptions of our spelling instruction?

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Question and test those assumptions.

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A short spelling test...

Question and test those assumptions.

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question

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<-tion> or <-ion>?

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<-tion> or <-ion>?

How can we determine the answer?

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<-tion> or <-ion>?

From a popular teacher resource for teaching prefixes and suffixes…

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<-tion> or <-ion>?

From the authoritative Oxford English Dictionary…

-tionsuffixforming nouns of action, condition, etc., such as completion, relation.ORIGIN from Latin participial stems ending in -t + -ion .

-tionsuffixforming nouns of action, condition, etc., such as completion, relation.ORIGIN from Latin participial stems ending in -t + -ion .

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<-tion> or <-ion>?

Empirical question

Empirical question

Warrants scientific inquiry.

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<-tion> or <-ion>?

Empirical question

Warrants

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<-tion> or <-ion>?

Scientific inquiry...

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<-tion> or <-ion>?

Scientific inquiry builds...

•Systemic understanding

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<-tion> or <-ion>?

Scientific inquiry builds...

•Systemic understanding

• Generative learning skills

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question

Investigate word structure & meaning

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questionMean? Built?

Relatives?Pronunciation?


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<-tion> or <-ion>?<-tion> or <-ion>?

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ques + tion → question or

quest + ion → question


<-tion> or <-ion>?<-tion> or <-ion>?

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question

<*ques> doesn’t mean anything!

Mean? Built?


ques + tion → question or


*


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Mean? Built?


Orthographic morphological relatives:1) Pass the “structure test” (linked by a coherent word sum)



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Mean? Built?



2) Pass the “meaning test” (share a common root origin)



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Mean? Built?





questionORIGIN late Middle English : from Old French question (noun), questionner (verb), from Latin quaestio(n-), from quaerere ‘ask, seek.’

questORIGIN late Middle English : from Old French queste (noun), quester (verb), based on Latin quaerere ‘ask, seek.’ See also inquest .


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Mean? Built?





questionORIGIN late Middle English : from Old French question (noun), questionner (verb), from Latin quaestio(n-), from quaerere ‘ask, seek.’

questORIGIN late Middle English : from Old French queste (noun), quester (verb), based on Latin quaerere ‘ask, seek.’ See also inquest .

Etymonline says: quaerere ‘seek, gain, ask’


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Mean? Built?


Word SearcherFinds potentially related words.


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Mean? Built?


Search Results for "quest"(41 matches)

sequestratedsequestratesunquestionedquestioninglyquestionnairesequestratingsequestrationunquestioningquestionnairessequestrationsunquestionableunquestionablyunquestioningly

requestedsequesterequestrianquestionedquestionerrequestingsequestersequestriansquestionersquestioningsequesteredsequestratequestionablesequestering

questquestsbequestinquestquestedrequestbequestsconquestinquestsquestingquestionrequestsconquestsquestions


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Mean? Built?







Which have the base <quest> and Latin root ‘quaerere’?

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Mean? Built?






⨯ sequesterfrom Latin sequester ‘trustee.’



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Mean? Built?


unquestionedquestioninglyquestionnaire unquestioningquestionnaires unquestionableunquestionablyunquestioningly

requested equestrianquestionedquestionerrequestingequestriansquestionersquestioning

questionable








questionable


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Mean? Built?




⨯ bequest

ORIGIN Middle English : from be- [about] + Old English cwis [speech,] influenced by bequeath .



questquests inquestquestedrequest conquestinquestsquestingquestionrequestsconquestsquestions


questionable


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Mean? Built?




⨯ bequest






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Mean? Built?




⨯ bequest


⨯ equestrianORIGIN mid 17th cent. (as an adjective): from Latin equester ‘belonging to a horseman’ (from eques ‘horseman, knight,’ from equus ‘horse’ ) + -ian .


questionable





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Mean? Built?




⨯ bequest


⨯ equestrianORIGIN mid 17th cent. (as an adjective): from Latin equester ‘belonging to a horseman’ (from eques ‘horseman, knight,’ from equus ‘horse’ ) + -ian .

requested questionedquestionerrequesting questionersquestioning

questionable



questquestsinquestquestedrequestconquestinquestsquestingquestionrequestsconquestsquestionsrequestedquestionedquestionerrequestingquestionersquestioningquestionableunquestionedquestioninglyquestionnaireunquestioningquestionnairesunquestionableunquestionablyunquestioningly

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Mean? Built?



27 of original 41 potential relatives are actual relatives.

questquestsinquestquestedrequestconquestinquestsquestingquestionrequestsconquestsquestionsrequestedquestionedrequestingquestioningquestionableunquestionable

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Mean? Built?



Let’s work with just 18 of those 27

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Mean? Built?



Let’s work with just 18 of those 27

quest → questquests → quest + sinquest → in + questquested → quest +edrequest → re + questconquest → con + questinquests → in + quest + squesting → quest + ing question → quest + ion

requests → re + quest + sconquests → con + quest + s questions → quest + ion + srequested → re + quest +ed questioned → quest + ion + edrequesting → re + quest + ingquestioning → quest + ion + ingquestionable → quest + ion + ableunquestionable → un + quest + ion + able

What does the interrelation of this family look like?

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Mean? Built?



quest → questquests → quest + sinquest → in + questquested → quest +edrequest → re + questconquest → con + questinquests → in + quest + squesting → quest + ing question → quest + ion

requests → re + quest + sconquests → con + quest + s questions → quest + ion + srequested → re + quest +ed questioned → quest + ion + edrequesting → re + quest + ingquestioning → quest + ion + ingquestionable → quest + ion + ableunquestionable → un + quest + ion + able

What does the interrelation of this family look like?

uninre

con

questLatin Rootquaerere

‘ask, seek, gain’

singed

ionablesing

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Mean? Built?


uninre

con

questLatin Rootquaerere ‘ask, seek,

gain’

singed

ionablesing


Orthographic morphological

relatives

uninre

con


gain’

singed

ionablesing

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Mean? Built?


un +



relatives

uninre

con


gain’

singed

ionablesing

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Mean? Built?


un + quest +



relatives

uninre

con


gain’

singed

ionablesing

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Mean? Built?


un + quest + ion +



relatives

uninre

con


gain’

singed

ionablesing

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Mean? Built?


un + quest + ion + ing →



relatives

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Mean? Built?


un + quest + ion + ing → unquestioning

uninre

con


gain’

singed

ionablesing



relatives

uninre

con


gain’

singed

ionablesing

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Mean? Built?


con +



relatives

uninre

con


gain’

singed

ionablesing

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Mean? Built?


con + quest +



relatives

uninre

con


gain’

singed

ionablesing

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Mean? Built?


con + quest + s →



relatives

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Mean? Built?


con + quest + s → conquests

uninre

con


gain’

singed

ionablesing



relatives

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Mean? Built?


Etymological relatives...Include a larger family of words:


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Mean? Built?


Etymological relatives...Include a larger family of words:•All those that can be shown in a word matrix (share a base element)

uninre

conquestLatin Rootquaerere


singed

ionablesing


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Mean? Built?


Etymological relatives...Include a larger family of words:•All those that can be shown in a word matrix (share a base element)

•Also words of the same root origin but not the same base element.

uninre



singed

ionablesing


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Mean? Built?



uninre



singed

ionablesing

querent, query, disquisition, require, conquer, acquisition, exquisite

These words share the root ‘quaerere’ (Etymonline):


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Mean? Built?




uninre



singed

ionablesing

All these words are related to the Latin root quaerere ‘ask, seek, gain’


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Mean? Built?




uninre



singed

ionablesing

The matrix only shows orthographically

morphologically related words


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Recall references citing <*-tion> suffix:Teacher resource:

actioninventionlocationprotectionvacation

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Recall references citing <*-tion> suffix:Teacher resource:

action → act + ioninvention → invent + ionlocation → locate/ + ionprotection → protect + ionvacation → vacate/ + ion

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Recall references citing <*-tion> suffix:Oxford English Dictionary

relationcompletion

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Recall references citing <*-tion> suffix:Oxford English Dictionary

relation → relate/ + ioncompletion → complete/ + ion

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Question:

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Question:

How many of us have explicitly taught our students that asking a question literally means to go on a quest for knowledge?

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Mean? Built?


Why do most of us fail to see the link between <quest> and <question>?


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Mean? Built?


An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling...


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An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.

Mean? Built?



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Mean? Built?


• Often directs attention away from spelling-meaning links



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Mean? Built?


• Often directs attention away from spelling-meaning links- Emphasizes the spelling of the syllable pronounced /tʃən/


<question>


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Mean? Built?


• Often directs attention away from spelling-meaning links- Emphasizes the spelling of the syllable pronounced /tʃən/ but not the base (meaning-bearing element).


<question>


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Mean? Built?



<qu-e-s-t>

<question>



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Mean? Built?



<qu-e-s-t> /kwɛstʃ/

<question>



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Mean? Built?


• Cannot teach that the pronunciation of morphemes shift across words in English.



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Mean? Built?


<quest>

basespelled




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Mean? Built?



<quest>

basespelled

basepronounced

/kwɛstʃ/



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Mean? Built?



<quest>

basespelled

basepronounced

/kwɛstʃ/ question, questionable...



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Mean? Built?



<quest>

basespelled

basepronounced

/kwɛstʃ/

/kwɛst/

question, questionable...



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Mean? Built?



<quest>

basespelled

basepronounced

/kwɛstʃ/

/kwɛst/

question, questionable...

quest, inquest, requested...



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Mean? Built?



<do>

basespelled

basepronounced



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Mean? Built?


<do>

basespelled

basepronounced

/du:/ doing, undo, redo




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Mean? Built?


<do>

basespelled

basepronounced

/dʌ/

doing, undo, redo

does, done



/du:/


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Mean? Built?


<do>

basespelled

basepronounced

/dʌ/

do ingesne



/du:/


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Mean? Built?


<do>

basespelled

basepronounced

/dʌ/

do + ing → doingdo + es → doesdo + ne → done

do ingesne



/du:/


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Mean? Built?


go + ing → goinggo + es → goesgo + ne → gone


dogo

ingesne




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Assumptions of Structured Word Inquiry:

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Assumptions of Structured Word Inquiry:•English spelling makes sense.

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dogo

ingesne

uninre

conquest

Latin Rootquaerere


singed

ionablesing

Assumptions of Structured Word Inquiry:•English spelling makes sense.

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Assumptions of Structured Word Inquiry:•English spelling makes sense.•Children deserve to learn how their writing system works.



dogo

ingesne

uninre

conquest

Latin Rootquaerere


singed

ionablesing

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Assumptions of Structured Word Inquiry:•English spelling makes sense.•Children deserve to learn how their writing system works.•Teachers require accurate resources and training.



dogo

ingesne

uninre

conquest

Latin Rootquaerere


singed

ionablesing

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Assumptions of Structured Word Inquiry:•English spelling makes sense.•Children deserve to learn how their writing system works.•Teachers require accurate resources and training.•Spelling can be investigated and understood through scientific inquiry -- with the proper tools and resources.



dogo

ingesne

uninre

conquest

Latin Rootquaerere


singed

ionablesing

Mean? Built?


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Thank You!

http://linguisteducatorexchange.wordpress.com/

http://www.realspelling.com/

http://www.neilramsden.co.uk/microscope/index.html

http://www.neilramsden.co.uk/spelling/searcher/index.html

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Thank You!All of these resources that support structured word inquiry learning/instruction can be found through these links.

www.wordworkskingston.comwww.realspelling.com



http://www.wordworkskingston.com/

http://realspellers.org/









perma://BLPageReference/C14FA05B-EEB3-48B3-A9F3-3C68B5E75997

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www.wordworkskingston.com






http://aari.educ.ualberta.ca/wwe.html

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spelling out word structurewww.wordworkskingston.com






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spelling out word structure





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spelling out word structure

do + es → doesdo + ing → doinggo + es → goesgo + ne → gonequest + ion → questioncon + quest + s → conquestsact + ion → actioninvent + ion → inventionlocate + ion → locationprotect + ionvacate + ion → vacationcomplete + ion → comletionrelate + ion → relation




index peter bowers developing literacy and critical thinking through scientific inquiry about how...

Documents

teaching spelling

spelling system

spelling instructionboring

child learning

psychological science

teaching of reading

scientific inquiry

american psychological