india music week (n.y.): john coltrane and the integration of indian concepts in jazz ...

7/27/2019 India Music Week (N.Y.): John Coltrane and the integration of Indian concepts in jazz improvisation (Essay)

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_LQL 1.1 (1995) 244-284Z (prfgt) F]]G 284=-50=8kcf


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240 Lbzz Qdsdbrme Lcurgbn

Dqufgcx Yuanfsefgh Ntk 1996.

efs stuky c` Fgkfbg jusfm wfte Qbvf ]ebgobr? Mcntrbgds cwg kfsmussfcgs c`

efs fgtdrdst fg Fgkfbg jusfm? efs usd c` Fgkfbg fkdbs fg ted gbjds c` jbgy

c` efs mcjpcsftfcgs bgk fg ted tdxts tebt ed usdk tc bmmcjpbgy efs jusfm?

Fgkfbg kdrfvbtfcgs c` scjd c` ted jdnckfm, ebrjcgfm, bgk strumturbn fkdbstebt Mcntrbgd usdk fg efs mcjpcsftfcgs bgk fjprcvfsbtfcgs? bgk Mcntrbgds

ndhbmy bs b scurmd c` fgspfrbtfcg cr jbgy jusfmfbgs wec nbtdr fgmcrpcrbtdk

Fgkfbg mcgmdpts fgtc tedfr cwg jusfm.

@rcj ted nbtd 2649s, Mcntrbgd fgmrdbsfghny djpncydk b jckbn bpprcbme,

rdndbsfgh efs jusfm rcj ted mcg`fgds c` lbzz mecrk mebghds. Xefnd tefs nccs-

dgfgh c` ebrjcgfm acugkbrfds jby ebvd prcvfkdk efj wfte b hrdbtdr sdgsd

c` `rddkcj, ft bnsc sddjs tc ebvd prcjptdk efj tc dxpncrd ctedr `crjs c`

strumturd. Jfmebdn (]bnfj) Xbsefghtcg gctds tebt wftecut ted mcgmdrgs cèbrjcgfm jckunbtfcg, ted fjprcvfsdrs fg _ted Gcrte Fgkfbg mnbssfmbnZ trbkf-

tfcg just dxefaft jdnckfm fgvdgtfvdgdss, reytejfm `ndxfafnfty, bgk stbjfgb,

wefme wdrd dxbmtny ted bttrfautds tebt jbrodk Mcntrbgds scncs wfte _ted

mnbssfm qubrtdt2Z (Xbsefghtcg 1992< 1=;). Mcntrbgds sdbrme `cr strumturd

ndk efj tc ted stuky c` Fgkfbg bgk ctedr gcg-Xdstdrg smbnds bgk jckds.

[ed gctds mcpfdk rcj Mcntrbgd ay efs mcusfg, Mbrn Hruaas, fgmnukd kdtbfns

c` scjd Fgkfbgrbhbs (Ycrtdr 2665< 129). [edsd gctds fgkfmbtd tebt Mcntrbgd

ugkdrstcck bt ndbst scjd c` ted ùgkbjdgtbn mcgmdpts c` Fgkfbg jusfm,

pbrtfmunbrny ted fkdb tebt brbhb fs jcrd tebg lust b smbnd. Efs gctbtfcg c` ted

rbhb Aebfrbvf, `cr dxbjpnd, secws ted kf``drdgt bsmdgkfgh bgk kdsmdgkfgh

strumturds. Xefnd Aebfrbvf usds ted sbjd gctds bs ted Xdstdrg Yeryhfbg

smbnd, ed mcrrdmtny fgkfmbtds tebt ted `f`te smbnd kdhrdd fs cjfttdk fg ted

bsmdgt bgk fgmnukdk fg ted kdsmdgt (sdd Dxbjpnd 2).1

Ed bnsc secws bg bwbrdgdss c`rbsb, ted Fgkfbg mcgmdpt bssfhgfgh b

jcck bgk tfjd c` kby tc brbhb, bgk usds sume nbadns bs Jcrgfgh, ]bk

bgk Dvdgfgh, Hby fg pnbmd c` ted gbjds c` ted rbhbs. Fg 2602, Mcntrbgd

mcgsfkdrdk efs usd c` Fgkfbg fkdbs tc ad jcrd cr ndss suamcgsmfcus

(Ycrtdr 2665< 196),= bgk efs jusfm kcds gct sddj tc dxefaft b nftdrbn usd c`

Fgkfbgrbhbs. Gcgdtedndss, dndjdgts c` Fgkfbg jusfm brd dvfkdgt fg jume c`

efs nbtdr pnbyfgh, mcjpcsftfcg, bgk mcgmdptfcg. Bmmcrkfgh tc Xbsefghtcg

(1992< 1=;), ted Gcrte Fgkfbg mnbssfmbn fkdb tebt jusfm mcunk ebvd quftd

2. Xebt fs mcjjcgny rd`drrdk tc bs ted mnbssfm qubrtdt fs Mcntrbgds hrcup wfte

JmMcy [ygdr, Lfjjy Hbrrfscg bgk Dnvfg Lcgds.

1. [ed ùnn strumturd c`rbhb Aebfrbvf fs bmtubnny scjdwebt jcrd mcjpnfmbtdk tebg

Mcntrbgds gctds fgkfmbtd, aut efs bwbrdgdss c` kf``drfgh bsmdgkfgh bgk kdsmdgkfgh

strumturds fs sfhgf`fmbgt.

=. @rcj bg fgtdrvfdw wfte Jfmefdn kd Quytdr, Gcvdjadr 22, 2602.


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Mcntrbgd bgk ted fgtdhrbtfcg c` Fgkfbg mcgmdpts fg lbzz fjprcvfsbtfcg 248


spdmf`fm d``dmts upcg fts nfstdgdrs wbs bppdbnfgh tc Mcntrbgd. Mcntrbgd

sebrdk ted Fgkfbg adnfd` tebt spdmf`fm rbhbs secunk ad pnbydk bt spdmf`fm

tfjds c` ted kby cr gfhet, bgk mcunk ad usdk bs jdkfb tc fgkumd b pbrtfmunbr

stbtd c` adfgh (fafk.).

Dxbjpnd 2< Bsmdgt bgk kdsmdgt c`rbhb Aebfrbvf

Kdspftd Mcntrbgds jctfvbtfcg tc stuky ted jusfm c` Fgkfb, tefs dxpncrb-

tfcg wcunk gct ebvd addg pcssfand wftecut ted dxfstdgmd c` scjd bvbfnband

jckdns. [ed Efgkustbgf mnbssfmbn jusfmfbg Qbvf ]ebgobr, wec wbs b pfvctbn

`fhurd fg ted pcpunbrfzbtfcg c` Fgkfbg jusfm fg ted Tgftdk ]tbtds fg ted

2609s, sddjs tc ebvd `fnndk tefs rcnd `cr Mcntrbgd. Hdrry @brrdnn (2668< 289)

stbtds tebt ft fs gc dxbhhdrbtfcg tc sby tebt Fgkfbg jusfm fgbnny admbjd unny

vfsfand fg ted Xdst cgny tercuhe ted wcro c` Qbvf ]ebgobr. ]ebgobr, wec

pnbys ted Gcrte Fgkfbg pnumodk nutd ogcwg bs tedsftbr, wbs b sdgfcr kfsmfpnd

c` ted hrdbt Efgkustbgf jusfm tdbmedr Tstbk Bnnbukkfg Oebg. Fg bkkftfcg tc

efs ndbrgfgh bgk bafnfty, ]ebgobrs stbhd prdsdgmd bgk bjfnfbrfty wfte Durc-

pdbg munturd ednpdk efj hbfg rdmchgftfcg fg ted Xdst.; Efs pdr`crjbgmds

wfte Vdeukf Jdguefg hbvd ]ebgobr fgmrdbsdk vfsfafnfty cg ted fgtdrgbtfcgbn

stbhd. Ed bnsc ebk b `nbfr `cr mcggdmtfgh wfte efs Xdstdrg bukfdgmds fg efs

cwg pdr`crjbgmds, bgk jbkd b rdbn d``crt tc jbod efs jusfm ugkdrstcck.

Ft fs ugmndbr dxbmtny wedg Mcntrbgd `frst adhbg nfstdgfgh tc ]ebgobr bgk

Fgkfbg jusfm, aut efs jusfm sddjs tc dxefaft Fgkfbg dndjdgts bs dbrny bs

2646. Qbvf ]ebgobr wbs pdr`crjfgh rdhunbrny fg ted Tgftdk ]tbtds b`tdr

2640, bgk Mcntrbgd stbrtdk pbyfgh pbrtfmunbr bttdgtfcg tc ted jusfm c` Qbvf

]ebgobr fg dbrny 2602 (Ycrtdr 2665< 196). F mcnndmt ted rdmcrks eds jbkd,bgk efs jusfm jcvds jd, Mcntrbgd stbtdk. Fj mdrtbfg tebt f` F rdmcrkdk

wfte efj Fk fgmrdbsd jy pcssfafnftfds tdg`cnk, admbusd Fj bjfnfbr wfte webt

ed kcds bgk F ugkdrstbgk bgk bpprdmfbtd efs wcro (Ycrtdr 2665< 196).4 Ed

wbs fgtrckumdk tc ]ebgobr fg 260;, bgk ]ebgobr adhbg tc tdbme efj bacut

Fgkfbg jusfm. Qdhbrkfgh tedsd ndsscgs, ]ebgobr sbfk< F mcunk hfvd lust

abrd adhfggfgh bgk jbfg tefghs bacut Fgkfbg jusfm bgk ed admbjd jcrd

;. ]dd Qbvf ]ebgobrs butcafchrbpey Qbhb Jbnb (2666) `cr b kdtbfndk bmmcugt c`

efs trbvdns fg Durcpd fg ted T.]. bs bg bkcndsmdgt wfte efs arctedr Tkby ]ebgobrs kbgmd

trcupd.

4. @rcj b 2602 fgtdrvfdw ay @rbgmcfs Ycstf`.


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245 Lbzz Qdsdbrme Lcurgbn


bgk jcrd fgtdrdstdk (@brrdnn 2668< 262). Mcntrbgd ebk fgtdgkdk tc spdgk

sfx jcgtes stukyfgh wfte ]ebgobr fg 2608, aut kfdk ad`crd tefs mcunk tbod

pnbmd (@brrdnn 2668< 262).

Mcntrbgd bnsc kdvdncpdk bg fgtdrdst fg Fgkfbg rdnfhfcg bgk pefncsc-pey. [ecuhe rbfsdk fg b Jdteckfst ecusdecnk, Mcntrbgd kfk gct mcgsfkdr

efjsdn` tc ad spdmf`fmbnny Efgku, Merfstfbg, Jusnfj, cr bgy ctedr sfghnd `bfte.

Ecwdvdr, ay ted jfk-2609s, ted rdnfhfcg bgk pefncscpey c` Fgkfb tcco cg b

spdmfbn fjpcrtbgmd `cr efj. [efs fs dvfkdgt `rcj ted tftnds c` sume mcjpcsf-

tfcgs bs Cj (2604, Cj) bgk Fgkfb (2602, Nfvd Bt ted Pfnnbhd Pbghubrk).

Ndwfs Ycrtdr gctds tebt Mcntrbgd jbkd b spdmfbn stuky c` Fgkfb, fgmnukfgh

ted wrftfghs c` Ybrbjbebgsb Vchbgbgkb bgk Jcebgkbs Hbgkef (Ycrtdr

2665< 146). Afnn Mcnd stbtds tebt Mcntrbgd wbs bwbrd c` ted wcros c` ted]cute Fgkfbg spfrftubn tdbmedr bgk pefncscpedr Orfsegbjurtf bgk prbmtfmdk

ychb (Mcnd 266=< 68).

Mcntrbgd bnsc ednk b jystfmbn vfdw c` ted pcwdr c` jusfm, wefme ed mcg-

sfkdrdk tc ebvd ted pctdgtfbn tc b``dmt eujbg djctfcgs bgk fg`nudgmd ted

peysfmbn wcrnk brcugk efj. Cgd dxbjpnd c` tefs fs efs fgtdrdst fg ted Fgkfbg

mcgmdpt c`rbsb, ted djctfcg cr jcck c` brbhb (Oebg bgk Qumodrt 2662

india music week (n.y.): john coltrane and the integration of indian concepts in jazz ...

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