indian national urban information systems as decision-making tool for urban planning prabh bedi 1...
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Indian Indian National Urban Information Systems National Urban Information Systems as Decision-Making Toolas Decision-Making Toolfor Urban Planning for Urban Planning
Prabh Bedi1
Dr. Mahavir2
1Research Scholar, Department of Physical Planning 2Professor of Planning, Head, Department of Environmental Planning
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, INDIA
Geospatial Word ForumRotterdamMay 15, 2013
Structure Structure • Planning in Urban Context• Urban Planning in India• Issues in Planning Process• Information System Approach• National Urban Information System (NUIS)• NUIS as a Decision-Making Tool for Urban
Planning
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Planning in IndiaPlanning in India• Socio-economic development planning– National five year plans– State five year plans– District Plans
• Spatial planning – Regional planning– Urban planning• Land use plan
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Enhanced Integration between socio-economic and spatial planning needed
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SectoralPolicies and outlays
Urban Planning in IndiaUrban Planning in India• As per the constitution of the country ‘land’ falls
within the legislative competence of States– urban planning being within the ambit of various state governments
(except Delhi)
• Very few metropolitan regional plans also exist• Master Plan based approach• Judicious use of land• 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992
– Devolution of powers to ULBs
• City Development Plan (CDP)
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7,935 towns and cities (2011 Census)
Only 1,800 master plans65 CDPs out of 65 JnNURM towns© Prabh Bedi and Dr. Mahavir
• Multiplicity of authority• Overlapping functions• No sharing of data and information• Delayed, conflicting or no decisions
Urban Planning StructureUrban Planning Structure
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TCPO-Town and Country Planning OrganisationTCPDs-Town and Country Planning DirectoratesUDA-Urban Development AuthoritiesNCRPB-National Capital Region Planning BoardDDA-Delhi Development AuthorityULBs- Urban Local Bodies
Ministry of Urban Development(Centre) [Advisory]
NCRPB
TCPO
Organically grown setup
Ministry of Urban Development
(Centre) [Advisory]
Ministry of Urban Development
(State)
District Planning Committee
Urban Local Bodies
Metropolitan Planning
Committee
Re-Organisation in process
Planning by ULBs is still not a
ground reality
TCPDs
Ministry of Urban Development
(State) ULBsDDA
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UDAs(State or
City)
Urban Planning and Urban Planning and Decisions-Making ProcessDecisions-Making Process
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Master Plan
Document
Physical Infrastructure
SocialInfrastructure
Environment
Government Policies
Economic Factors
Planning Intervention
Stakeholders
Approval by Government
Public Participation
Urban FunctionsUrban Functions
Planning MaintenanceProvision Management
Perspective/ Master/Zonal
Plans
Services and Facilities
Infrastructure, Services and
Facilities
Infrastructure and Facilities
TCPO/TCPDs/ SUDAs/DAs Urban Local BodiesSUDAs/DAs Parastatal
Agencies
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TCPO-Town and Country Planning OrganisationTCPDs-Town and Country Planning DirectoratesSUDA- State Urban Development AuthoritiesDAs – Development Authorities
Issues in Urban Planning ProcessIssues in Urban Planning Process• No substantial national and state level directives• Spatial location decisions limited to broad level• Although regional context a part of urban planning
process, plan does not necessarily emerge out of regional plan
• Revision of plans not done for long time• Emphasis more on quantitative proposals rather than
spatial decisions and proposals• No emphasis on capacity enhancement on-job• Lack of spatio-temporal data at frequent intervals• Lengthy yet ineffective public participation process
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Most of these issues emerge due to lack of proper urban spatial information system
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Need for Urban and Regional Information System
Feasibility Study by UN Experts on Information System to develop URIS1976
1977
1979
1981
National Seminar by TCPO
Steering Group Report
Report by NCU
1988URIS Division and Urban Mapping Scheme
1989
2004
Need for NUIS
NNRMS – SC- Urban
1988
National Urban Information System launched
2006
In various technical seminars, workshops and steering committee meetings, there has been an emphasis on use of information systems as a tool for urban planning
Information Systems ApproachInformation Systems Approach
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National Urban Information SystemNational Urban Information System
Purpose of NUISObjective of NUIS is to develop a comprehensive information system for urban local bodies to enable planning, management and de-centralized governance in the context of implementation of the 74th CAA across all urban centers in the country.
• Spatial and non – spatial Database of all urban areas• Set of standards for creation of database• Consists of hardware, software, application and trained personnel• Envisaged to strengthen the ULBs
– Preparation of plans for economic development and social justice (physical development plans)
– Enhanced performance of functions and the implementation of Schemes
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htpp://tcpomud.gov.in/Divisions/uris/Schemes.html/http://nsdiindia.gov.in
Urban Spatial Information Systems
National Urban Data Bank & Indicators
Mapping Data Bank
GIS Database
Decision SupportReview and Updation
1:10,000 1:2,000 1:1,000Hard and soft copy
mapsApplication Packages in GIS Software
Hardware + Software Enhance Capacity of Personnel
National Urban Information SystemNational Urban Information System
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National Urban Information Systems
Town and Country Planning Organisation, New Delhi
Urban Local Bodies
Ministry of Urban Development
State Nodal Agency(TCPDs/PWD)
Actors of Actors of National Urban Information SystemNational Urban Information System
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Development Authorities
National Urban Information System - National Urban Information System - One of its kind One of its kind • There is no parallel to Indian NUIS in any other country
• United States of America has a project ‘National Urban Database and Access Portal Tool’ (NUDAPT) – • launched by US Environment Protection Agency in 2008 • a web-based urban data resource designed to facilitate
implementation of the latest advanced urban meteorological, air quality, and climate modeling systems
• urban morphological data using high resolution images to tackle environmental issues
• Indian NUIS contributes towards National Spatial Database Infrastructure (NSDI)
Umpteen instances of Urban Information Systems at urban or sub-urban levels 14
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Urban Development Ministry at States
National Urban Information System – National Urban Information System – a decision-making toola decision-making tool
Still prevalent Issues • Silo approach• Data duplication• Lack of expertise• Incoherent data
Town and Country Planning
Organisations/Departments
Development Authorities
Advantages• Integrated approach• Standardized Data • Capacity enhancement• Coherent data
U r b a n L o c a l B o d i e s
National Urban Information System
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ManagementMaintenancePlanning
Urban Development Ministry at Centre
Difficulties in Implementing NUIS Difficulties in Implementing NUIS • Long duration in completion of initial phase of NUIS (6 years)
• The gestation period between procurement of satellite image/aerial photographs and creation of base maps – data created already old
• Development Authorities not involved in the NUIS scheme
• Top-down approach in implementation of NUIS
• Very late involvement of ULBs, at data validation stage
• Desired results may not be achieved as incomplete NUDB&I data (non-spatial component) provided by ULBs
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Pathway AheadPathway Ahead• Repetitive dissemination workshops across all levels of
planning bureaucracy
• Rigorous capacity enhancement of the ULB personnel• Technology – GIS and RS• Domain - Planning
• Standardization of trainings
• Political willingness and push
• Sensitisation of decision-makers on linking the benefits of NUIS to direct social and economic development
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Well conceived scheme, requires enhanced integration between socio-economic and spatial planning
Thank You!Thank You!
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Contactable at -
Prabh Bedi – [email protected]
Dr. Mahavir – [email protected]