induced seismicity in petroleum fields: reservoir characterization, seismic risk assessment and...
TRANSCRIPT
INDUCED SEISMICITY IN PETROLEUM FIELDS: RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION, SEISMIC
RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
M. Nafi ToksözM. Nafi Toksöz
Earth Resources Laboratory,Earth Resources Laboratory,Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139Cambridge, MA 02139
February, 2006
INVESTIGATORS
MIT: KUWAIT:
Prof. M. Nafi Toksöz KISR- Dr. Dhari Al-Ajmi
(seismologist, team leader) (Kuwait team leader)
Prof. Bradford Hager (geomechanics) Kuwait Oil Company-
Prof. Thomas Herring (GPS network, inSAR) Dr. Adel Al-Abbasi
Prof. Frank Dale Morgan (geotechnical, gravity) Kuwait University- Investigators
Prof. Kenneth Oye (policy, risk management) to be nominated by the university
Prof. Andrew Whittle (soil mechanics) and the Kuwait team
InducedInduced SeismicitySeismicity
Often accompanies fluid injection and Often accompanies fluid injection and production in production in Oil and gas fields; geothermal reservoirs; Oil and gas fields; geothermal reservoirs;
hydraulic fracturing.hydraulic fracturing.
Causes?Causes? Pore pressure changesPore pressure changes Stresses due to volume changes.Stresses due to volume changes.
Why is it Important?Why is it Important?
GIVES INFORMATION ABOUT RESERVOIR GIVES INFORMATION ABOUT RESERVOIR PROPERTIES AND FLUID PRESSURE CHANGESPROPERTIES AND FLUID PRESSURE CHANGES
POTENTIAL FOR DAMAGING EARTHQUAKES POTENTIAL FOR DAMAGING EARTHQUAKES AND RISK TO:AND RISK TO: Surface facilitiesSurface facilities Wells and casingsWells and casings Fault sealsFault seals EnvironmentEnvironment Public acceptance Public acceptance
Seismic Event LocationsSeismic Event Locations
Bou-Rabee, F. and R., M.,Abdel-Fattah, 2004. Kuwait J., Sci., Eng v. 31.
Al-Awadhi, J., V. Midzi,Seism. Res. Lett., V:72, N:4, 2001.
PROPOSED TASKSPROPOSED TASKSAnalyze existing seismic and other data relevant to induced seismicity.Analyze existing seismic and other data relevant to induced seismicity.
Densify the existing seismic network to provide a good coverage over the Densify the existing seismic network to provide a good coverage over the southern and northern oil fields. Include three deep seismic stations and three southern and northern oil fields. Include three deep seismic stations and three strong motion instruments at each region.strong motion instruments at each region.
Install continuous GPS stations at each of the two regions to determine three-Install continuous GPS stations at each of the two regions to determine three-component surface deformations.component surface deformations.
Initiate the inSAR analysis to determine subsidence or other deformations.Initiate the inSAR analysis to determine subsidence or other deformations.
Initiate a reservoir characterization and dynamics (compaction, pore fluid Initiate a reservoir characterization and dynamics (compaction, pore fluid characterization).characterization).
Do an initial probabilistic earthquake hazard assessment using the existing Do an initial probabilistic earthquake hazard assessment using the existing data. Calculate ground motions and site effects.data. Calculate ground motions and site effects.
Develop a plan for the management of potential seismic hazard.Develop a plan for the management of potential seismic hazard.
Update steps 7 and 8 with new data.Update steps 7 and 8 with new data.
USGS Fact Sheet 069-03, December 2003
USGS Fact Sheet 069-03, December 2003
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
SOULTZSOULTZSOULTZSOULTZ
Early Experimental PhaseEarly Experimental Phase
In The Upper Reservoir In The Upper Reservoir
1987 - 19971987 - 1997
Exploration of the Deep Reservoir Exploration of the Deep Reservoir
1988 - 20001988 - 2000
Downhole seismic network
(a) Vertical view and (b) top view of the seismicity associated with the stimulation in 2003
Hydraulic Experiment
Soultz,1993
JHD
Collapsing
P S
fract
ure
Example of multiplet
Time
1
1
3
5
4
2
23
4
5
Aligned waveforms of the master and the slave after adjusting the time delay
P wave
masterslave
Relocated Clusters - Vertical ViewWell GPK3
(Injection)
Well GPK2
(Production)
(a) Azimuth
(b) Dip in degrees of the planes deduced by planarity analysis
Distribution of the events around the GPK3 well (200m around the well). Two major microseismic zones are observed: one at app. 4650 m TVD
and the other one at app. 4900m TVD. If we compare that with the major flow exits, we find a good correlation
between the location of these events and the increases of flow.
Rutledge J. and Phillips S., 2002 – Upper Cotton Valley, TX