indus valley art. indus valley art i the indus valley is one of the world's earliest urban...
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Indus Valley Art
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Indus Valley Art I• The Indus Valley is one of the world's earliest
urban civilizations, along with its contemporaries, Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt
• Date: 3300 BCE to 1500 BC• Though it seems to have been a very well
advanced society we know little about it because the script has not yet been deciphered (cannot be read)
• So a lot of mystery about various facets of the civilization from its origin to extinction
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Mohenjodaro excavated site
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Art
• Varied and extremely curious kinds of artifacts have been found from Indus valley sites
• Sculptures, seals, pottery, gold jewelry, and anatomically detailed figurines in terracotta, bronze, and steatite (a kind of soapstone) have been found at excavation sites.
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Seals
• Steatite seals have images of animals, people (perhaps gods), and other types of inscriptions, including the yet un-deciphered writing system of the Indus Valley Civilization.
• Some of the seals were used to stamp clay on trade goods and most probably had other uses as well.
• Many of them preserved in National Museum, Delhi
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Usually indentified as a Proto Shiva seal
Siva as Pasupati
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• The Pashupati Seal: This seal depicts what is probably the modern Hindu God, Shiv. Lord Shiv is surrounded by various animals like the rhino, the buffalo, the elephant and deer
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• tiger. He wears a crown of horns on his head. He is believed to have been considered by the Indus Valley Civilization people as the lord of the animals.
• The Unicorn Seal: This is based on a fictional animal that the Indus Valley Civilization people had conjured up. It is an example of early fictional art.
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Sculpture
• Sculpture appeared to have made great advancements based on the various artifacts that have been found.
• The Indus Valley Civilization made sculptures mainly in stone, metal and terra-cotta.
• The famous bust of the bearded man, and the male torso are examples of such work.
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Bearded man excavated from Mohenjodaro
Authority
Stylized
Well developed sculptural style
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• The Indus Valley Civilization had also made great advances in metal sculptures using a fascinating technique to make sculptures out of bronze. The process was known as the lost wax process.
• . A beautiful example of such work, is the naked dancing girl found at Mohenjo-Daro. She is covered with jewellery, wearing several necklaces and bangles.
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• The Indus Valley Civilization also made several sculptures out of terra-cotta, a fine example being a figure of the Mother Goddess.
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Mesopotamian Art
• Another Ancient Civilization
• It’s the land between river Tigris and Euphrates..somewhere around around present day Iraq and Iran
• Meso= Between
• Potamus= River
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Main Empires (broadly)
Sumerians (3500-2300 BC),
Akkadians (2180-2340 BC),
Babylonians (1792-1750 BC),
Hitties (1600-1200 BC),
Assyrains (1000-612 BC)
and the Persians (559-331 BC).
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• The history of ancient Mesopotamia begins with the emergence of urban societies during the Ubaid period (ca. 5300 BC)
• Among the Mesopotamian architectural accomplishments are the development of urban planning, the courtyard house, and ziggurats,(step pyramid temples)
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Reconstruction of a Ziggurat
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• Dating back to 3500 B.C.E., Mesopotamian art was intended to serve as a way to glorify powerful rulers and their connection to divinity. Art was made from natural resources such as stone, shells, alabaster and marble, and was often created as didactic pieces
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Sumerian Art
• Standard of Ur
• Sumerian container depicting war and peace
• This work is inlayed with shell, lapis lazuli and limestone.
• It served as a visual representation of a civilization’s conquest and the serenity of victory to follow.
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Standard of Ur
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Akkadian Art
• Victory Stele of Naram-Sin • his work from Akkadian culture was the first work
that depicted a man as synonymous to a god • Made from sandstone, • Naram-Sin is physically shown above all other
figures in the piece, establishing him as the most important. He is also wearing a horned crown and standing under stars that appear close enough for the ruler to touch them. Such imagery was meant to indicate his divinity.
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Babylolian Art
• Ishtar gate
• Ishtar was the godess of beauty and love
• This gate is made from blue-glazed brick with images of alternating bas-relief dragons and wild cattle
• Commissioned by King Nebuchadnezzar II, this structure was once considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World
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Hittite art
• Stele of Hammurabi, 1790 B.C.E:
• This sculpture represents the set of laws that the sixth king Hammurabi enforced.
• , Hammurabi ordered a sculpture that depicted the king in an animated dialogue with the divine, situated directly above the list of engraved laws.
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