industri film

8/9/2019 Industri Film

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INDONESIAN FILM INDUSTRY:STATE, MARKET & PUBLIC

by Novi Kurnia

[email protected]


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OUTLINE The History The State The Market The Public Conclusion

The History The State The Market The Public Conclusion


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THE HISTORYTHE HISTORY


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The beginning

1926: 1 st film in Indonesia:Loetoeng Kasaroeng

1920s: Indonesian FilmIndustry started by Chinese& Dutch traders

Japans occupation:

- no imported films- no commercial films- only propaganda films

1926: 1 st film in Indonesia:Loetoeng Kasaroeng

1920s: Indonesian FilmIndustry started by Chinese& Dutch traders

Japans occupation:

- no imported films- no commercial films- only propaganda films


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Independence Era: 1945-1950 Government established some

film institutions: PFN, PARFI,GPBSI

Imported films > national films 1948 : Cine Drama Institute

established Indonesian film makers started

to produce films

Government established somefilm institutions: PFN, PARFI,GPBSI

Imported films > national films 1948 : Cine Drama Institute

established Indonesian film makers started

to produce films


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OLD-ORDER ERA

More Indonesianfilmmakers & filmorganizations

Some filmmakers studyabroad The most popular film:

Darah & Doa (Blood &Prayers) by Usmar Ismail,

challenge American filmdistributors Main theme: drama &

speech

More Indonesianfilmmakers & filmorganizations

Some filmmakers studyabroad The most popular film:

Darah & Doa (Blood &Prayers) by Usmar Ismail,

challenge American filmdistributors Main theme: drama &

speech


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NEW-ORDER ERA 1970-1980s: peak of

film industry States intervention

on national film:production,

distribution,exhibition 1990s: the decline of

film industry 1998: Kuldesak, a

collaborativeproduction of someyoung film makers,signed the shifting of seniority in filmproduction system

1970-1980s: peak of film industry

States interventionon national film:production,

distribution,exhibition 1990s: the decline of

film industry 1998: Kuldesak, a

collaborativeproduction of someyoung film makers,signed the shifting of seniority in filmproduction system


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THE STATETHE STATE


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STATE: REGULATION &

INTERVENTION Out of date law & regulation1. Film Ordonantie No. 507, 1940

(Dutch era)2. UU (The Film Act) No. 1, 1964

(Old Order)3. UU (The Film Act) No. 8, 1992

(New Order) Censorship (film-cutting) is still applied

Expensive tax: materials, artists,company, audience No tax return to film industry

Out of date law & regulation1. Film Ordonantie No. 507, 1940

(Dutch era)2. UU (The Film Act) No. 1, 1964

(Old Order)3. UU (The Film Act) No. 8, 1992

(New Order) Censorship (film-cutting) is still applied

Expensive tax: materials, artists,company, audience No tax return to film industry


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Whos in the power (Satriago&Wiroto 2007)Major business players Govt. action themes Impact

producers distributor s

exhibitors

The Ducth DutchEuropean+USChinese-Indonesian

DutchChineseOverseas

DutchChinaOverseasLocal

Endorsed movieand theatrebusinessdevelopment

Local excotismLocal dramaFolklore

Growth of number of theatresEmerged of local talents

The JapanColonialismEra

JapaneseGovt.+Indonesiancontrolledcompany

JapaneseGovt.

Japanesecontrolled

Banned of non-Japan alliedmoviesEndorsed localmovies for Japanpropaganda

JapanesepropagandaNationalism

Closing of Chineseowned companiesGrowth of stageperfomancesGrowth of nationalismspirit

Old Order LocalsChinese-Indonesians

LocalsChinese-IndonesianGroups

LocalsChinese-IndonesianGroups

Banned of American Movies

NationalismDrama

Film as political tools for communicationImport movies from Indiiaand Mandarin flooded

New Order LocalsChinese-IndonesiansIndia-Indonesians

PERFIN GPBSI Import film quotaTreat film asinformation tools

War-propagandaSexviolenceCommedyAction

Film is controlledMushrooming of ruraltheatre

Reform YoungcinemasThe big 5-sinetronIndependent

film makers

Producersdistributedirectly

Group 21 Treat film ascultural assets

Teenage dramaSocial/culturalbehavior phenomenaPolitical content

Growing of localproduction and newyoung talentsIndonesian moviesaccepted in international

festivals


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THE MARKETTHE MARKET


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MARKET: IMPORT, TV, PIRACY Imported films:

Hollywood & Bollywood Free films in nationally

broadcasted

television stations thatVCDs and DVDs piracy

The decline of theatresnumber (non-group)

The rise of mal-theatres Hidden data of number

audience in theatres

Imported films:Hollywood & Bollywood

Free films in nationallybroadcasted

television stations thatVCDs and DVDs piracy

The decline of theatresnumber (non-group)

The rise of mal-theatres Hidden data of number

audience in theatres


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FILM PRODUCTION CYCLE- Typical budget-

Development & Pre-production production

post-production distribution exhibition

10% 60% 30%

Findinvestors

ScenarioBudgetLocationCastingScheduleequipment

Shooting EditingMixingsoundMatchingprint

One printproduced

DistributionSponsorship

Promotion

merchandise

So urce: S atriag o & Wir o t o (2 007


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-

FILM

exhibitor exhibitor

Before 98

After 98 (2006)

pr o ducers PERFIN

West java

sumatera

East java

bali

exhibit or

exhibit or

exhibit or

exhibit or

exhibit or

exhibit or

exhibit or

exhibit or

Top box office:-akibat pergaulanbebas(1977):311,2 ribu-maju kena mundurkena(1983):658,9 ribu

-saur sepuh 1

(1988):575,5 ribu

Pr o ducers

Exhibit o r(gr o up 2 1)

Exhibit o r(Blitz )

theatre 21

theatre 21

theatre 21

blitz

blitz

Top Box office- Pocong 2 (2006):

2 juta- Eiffel Im in love(2005): 3 juta- Ada Apa DenganCinta (2002): 2,4

juta- PetualanganSherina (2000) : 1

jutaSo urce: S atriag o& Wir o t o (2 007)


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NATIONAL FILM PRODUCTION

44 65

321

604721

401

86

0100200300400500

600700800

1940-s1950-s1960-s1970-s1980-s1990-s01-05


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National vs imported films

s s s

importedfilms ota

importedfilmsnationalfilms


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Theatres, Screen, Seats & Audience

Theatres Screens Seats Audience in i i n


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GAP OF INCOME AMONG PLAYERS

Total audience in 2006 35,000,000

Total Audience Indonesia Movies 12,000,000Total Audience Import Movies 23,000,000Average Admission 15,000 (Rp)

----------------------------------------------------------------Gross Income 525.000.000.000 (Rp)Tax 15% 78.750.000.000 (Rp)----------------------------------------------------------------Net Income 446.250.000.000 (Rp)

Income for exhibitor 223.125.000.000 (Rp)Income for distributor (import) 146.625.000.000 (Rp)Income for Indonesian producers 78.750.000.000 (Rp)

-----------------------------------------------------------------Average income prod. Indonesian film 1.912.500.000 (Rp)

Source: Satriago & Wiroto (2007)


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PUBLICPUBLIC


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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION


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The future of Indonesianfilm

Indonesian film industry lies on thedynamic interplay between state,market and public

The regulation on film industry showsgovernments ambivalence

- national film: governments- imported film: private companies(under multinational companies)

The momentum: political will, humanresources, technology, potentialaudience, appreciations, independentfilms, alternative exhibitors

Indonesian film industry lies on thedynamic interplay between state,market and public

The regulation on film industry showsgovernments ambivalence

- national film: governments- imported film: private companies(under multinational companies)

The momentum: political will, humanresources, technology, potentialaudience, appreciations, independentfilms, alternative exhibitors


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THE END .THE END .

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