Industrial Hygiene and Exposure Assessment

Exploration and Production

Cheryl Metzler, CIHBP America Production Co.

Foundational

Work Planning

JSEA

Exposure Assessment Procedures

PPE Hazard Assessment

Worker Training

Exposure Assessment

Strategy equally applicable to all stressors Chemical Physical Biological Thermal Motion (Lifting, Force, etc.) Pressure (Noise)

Strategy

Anticipate Verify presence of hazard Identify jobs/tasks with exposure potential

Evaluate Exposure potential Perform monitoring

Control Confirm controls

ExposureAssessment

Chemical

Biological

Electrical

Gravity

Heat / Cold

Radiation

Pressure

Motion

ExposureAssessment

Chemical

Biological

Electrical

Gravity

Heat / Cold

Radiation

Pressure

Motion

Drinking WaterErgonomic Equipment Layout & Design

Fatigue

Legionella, Encephalitis,Tuberculosis, West Nile Virus, Hanta Virus, Bubonic Plague

Poison ivy / oak

Repetitive motion

Sanitation

Spiders, Bees, Ticks

ExposureAssessment

Chemical

Biological

Electrical

Gravity

Heat / Cold

Radiation

Pressure

Motion

BenzeneAsbestos

Caustic

Acids - sulfuric, hydrochloric,citric

Iron sulfide

Methanol

Welding fume (heavy metals,hexavalent chromium)

H2S

Mercury

Lead

Silica

ExposureAssessment

Chemical

Biological

Electrical

Gravity

Heat / Cold

Radiation

Pressure

Motion

Heat StressCold - Cryogenics

Cold - Frostbite, hypothermia

ExposureAssessment

Chemical

Biological

Electrical

Gravity

Heat / Cold

Radiation

Pressure

Motion

Suitability –hand / power tool

Overextension

Manual lifting

Slips / trips / falls

Vibration

ExposureAssessment

Chemical

Biological

Electrical

Gravity

Heat / Cold

Radiation

Pressure

Motion

Noise

ExposureAssessment

Chemical

Biological

Electrical

Gravity

Heat / Cold

Radiation

Pressure

Motion

Welding - UV Radiation

Sealed Sources (level detection) - Gamma rays, Alpha & Beta particles

Sunlight

NORM - Gamma rays, Alpha & Beta Particles

Operator’s Responsibility

Identify potential IH hazards

Communicate potential IH hazards to Contractors

Verify that contactor’s exposure assessment plan to protect workers is adequate

Contractor’s Responsibility Conduct personal sampling based upon

potential hazards 8-hour time weighted average Short term exposure limits Contractors must gather and retain medical

exposure records for 30 years past the term of employment

Compliance with 8 hour exposure limits does not equal compliance with STEL, i.e. 15 min at 5ppm for Benzene or 100 dB noise exposure for 2 hours

Asbestos Example

• Complete Asbestos Surveys for facilities /equipment constructed prior to 1982

• Identify employees with potential exposure for monitoring

• Complete monitoring by task

• Assess feasibility of engineering controls• Document respiratory protection, clothing and gloves by task / job

category• Verify with Occupational Health Nurse personnel needing to

complete respiratory questionnaire are identified

• Document determination regarding inclusion in medical surveillance

• Review training content

• Affected employees complete training

Ergonomics Example• Review Illness reports (backs, shoulders, elbows, hands, wrists).• Verify that corrective actions from investigations were effective.

Office Ergonomics• Conduct baseline office ergonomic survey for all employees to

identify high risk users.

• Conduct personal survey for high risk users.• Training on ergonomic hazards and equipment adjustment for all

employees

Industrial Ergonomics• Identify field tasks that may require baseline industrial ergonomic

survey.• Conduct personal survey for high risk tasks.• Training on ergonomic hazards and equipment adjustment for all

employees, including engineers.

Equipment-based Exposure Assessment

What equipment is onsite?

What product is in the equipment?

What are the hazards of the product in the equipment? The tools? The chemicals to be used? (MSDSs)

What other equipment is associated with it?

Equipment Life Cycle

Construct

Operate

Maintain

Demolish

Life Cycle Tasks What are

the tasks done on the equipment? Construct Operate Maintain Demolish

Who does these tasks?

50 ppm

25 ppm

15 ppm

10 ppm

0 ppm

8AM 12 Noon 4 PM

EXPOSURE LIMIT CONCEPTSACETIC ACID

CEILINGNot to be exceeded ever

STEL 15 minute task

TWAFull Shift

20

Continuous sampling example

020406080

100120140160180

21:3

3

21:5

9

22:2

5

22:5

1

23:1

7

23:4

3

00:0

9

00:3

5

01:0

1

01:2

7

01:5

3

02:1

9

02:4

5

03:1

1

03:3

7

04:0

3

04:2

9

Laboratory work

(titration's etc.)

Taking process acetate ester samples

Painting?

ppm (as isobutylene)

Time

Taking process

kettle samples

Benzene Example Identify equipment with potential exposure Identify tasks performed on equipment and

personnel performing tasks Monitor using personal sampling pumps

and charcoal tubes Use statistical analysis tools to compare

sampling results with OSHA standards Recommend controls, if required Schedule for repeated sampling to ensure

nothing has changed

Benzene

Exposures 8-hour Time Weighted Average (OSHA

PEL – 1 ppm) Tasks – Short Term Exposure (OSHA

STEL – 5 ppm) OSHA Oil & Gas Exemption for

Exploration – 10 ppm

Sampling Results – Tank gauging

Review Sampling data<0.1 ppm 0.02 ppm0.2 ppm 0.1 ppm

Use statistical program

Compare to OEL

Posterior

Exposure Rating0 1 2 3 4

Dec

isio

n P

roba

bilit

y 1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

0 0.001

0.865

0.120.014

Process Overview – Benzene Example

Equipment & Tasks - Tank

Produced Water / Condensate / Rich Glycol Tank - Operation Tank gauging Sampling Truck Loading, water Truck Loading, oil

Equipment & Tasks - Tank

Produced Water / Condensate / Rich Glycol Tank - Maintenance Tank Cleaning/Internal inspection Piping/Flange/Gasket Replacement Meter Proving/Calibration/Replacement Changing Orifice Plate Pump - Repair Or Replacement VRU Repair/Replacement/Lube Oil Change Check thief hatch and Enardo/relief valve Transmitter repair / replacement / Level indicator

Equipment & Tasks - Filter

Glycol Sock Filter - Maintenance Piping/Flange/Gasket/Gauge Replacement Changing Gylcol Sock Filters

Equipment & Tasks – In-line Heater

Heater - Maintenance In-line Heater - Inspection - internal In-line Heater - Repair In-line Heater - Piping - repair/replacement

Equipment & Tasks – Separator

Separator - Maintenance Separators/free water knockout –

Inspection – internal Separators/free water knockout – Piping

repair replacement Etc.

Work Management System

Integrate hazard identification and IH monitoring into maintenance work order systems, e.g. Maximo

Applying to other operators?

Applying to other operators?

Conclusion

Questions?