industrial instrumentation an introduction

INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION

- An IntroductionEr. FARUK BIN POYEN

Dept. of AEIE, UIT, BU, BURDWAN, WB, [email protected]

01/05/2023 INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION - INTRODUCTION Er. FARUK BIN POYEN

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Contents:1. Functional Elements of Instruments2. Performance Characteristics

1. Static Characteristics2. Dynamic Characteristics3. Static Errors4. Dynamic Response

3. Statistical Analysis4. Units of Measurement5. Standards of Measurement6. Signal Conditioning7. Classification of Instruments8. Measurement of Industrial Parameters


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Definition: Instrumentation is that branch of engineering that primarily deals with sensing, measurement and control.

Functional Elements of InstrumentsThe fundamental objective of instrumentation in a process plant or environment is to collect data from different process parameters and to subsequently monitor the obtained values.

Fig 1: Functional Elements of Instrument


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Performance Characteristics:

Fig 2: Performance Characteristics of Instruments

Important to select the most suited instrument for specific application


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Characteristics: Static & Dynamic

Fig 3: Static Characteristics Fig 4: Dynamic Characteristics


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Errors & Dynamic Responses

Fig 5: Static Errors Fig 6: Dynamic Response


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Order of Instruments• Zero Order• First Order• Second Order

Fig 7: 0th Order Fig 8: 1st Order Fig 9: 2nd Order


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Statistical Analysis:

• Significant Figure• Collection of Data • Classification of Data• Measurement of Central Tendency • Measures of Dispersion • Measure of Skewness • Normal or Gaussian Probability Curve • Rejection of Data


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Units of Measurement

Fig 10: Measurement Units


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Standards of Measurement

Fig 11: Measurement Standards


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Signal Conditioning:1. Signal Amplification, reverse phenomenon is “attenuation”a) Mechanical Amplification such gears, levers and/or combinationb) Hydraulic/Pneumatic Amplification employing constrictions. c) Optical Amplification using lenses, mirrors and/or combinationd) Electrical Amplification using basic circuits and/or integrated circuits.2. Signal Filtration by removal of unwanted noisesa) Mechanical Filters b) Pneumatic Filtersc) Electrical Filters 3. Signal Compensation/Signal Linearization4. Differentiation/Integration5. Analog – to – Digital /Digital – to Analog Conversion6. Signal Averaging/Signal Sampling


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Classification of Instruments

Fig 12: Classification of Instruments


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Measurement of Industrial Parameters:

Fig 13: Four most basic Industrial Parameters

Four Principal parameters1. Flow2. Level3. Temperature 4. Pressure

Other Parameters1. Density Measurement2. Viscosity Measurement3. pH Measurement4. Conductivity Measurement


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THANK YOU!!

industrial instrumentation an introduction

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