industrial revolution
TRANSCRIPT
RISE OF INDUSTRIALISM
Traditional or Pre-Industrial Society
Traditional or Pre-Industrial SocietyFARMING IN THE MIDDLE AGES-Villages feed themselves (subsistence farming)-1 of 3 fields left fallow (empty) to regain fertility-Animals grazed in common pastures
DISADVANTAGES-Inefficient land use-Farmers didn’t experiment with new farming methodsFORCES FOR CHANGE-Population was growing, more food needed-French Blockade of Britain meant no corn, more food needed.
The Agricultural Revolution
The Agricultural RevolutionENCLOSURE MOVEMENT-Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures and experimented with new farming methods-Villages lost common lands, political power; peasants became poorer
CROP ROTATION-Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop, were replenished by planting different crops-Fields not left inefficiently fallow
The Agricultural Revolution con’tOTHER DISCOVERIES-Seed drill planted seeds efficiently-New crops, corn and potatoes
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
-More food available-Population increased
The Agricultural Revolution con’t
Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill
Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism
Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism con’t
MERCANTILISM AND RISING DEMAND
-Nations should maintain/increase its wealth by exporting more goods than it was importing-Import raw materials and export finished goods
MERCHANTS ROLE IN COTTAGE INDUSTRY-Merchant supplied raw materials (wool/cotton) to be carded and spun-Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell finished cloth-Merchants sell product for more than material and labor costs (profit + larger investment = higher profit)
Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism
Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism con’tCAPITALISM-Economic system based on private ownership, free competition, and profit-Cottage industry -an example of early capitalism
EFFECTS OF THE COTTAGE INDUSTRY-Big profits for new class of merchants-Alternative source of income for peasants
The Textile Industry and
Factory System
Textile and Factory SystemTEXTILE INDUSTRY-Cottage industry couldn’t keep up with demand for textiles-Spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule improved spinning-Power loom sped up weaving-Cotton gin separated seeds from cotton
Textile and Factory System con’t Water frame
Spinning mule
Spinning jenny
Power loom
Cotton gin
Textile and Factory System con’t
EFFECTS OF TEXTILE FACTORIES IN BRITAIN
-Britain’s textile industry increased enormously-Majority of villagers forced to leave homes to find work in urban factories
RISE OF THE FACTORY-New machines, too big for homes, put in factories-Factories near power sources; coal, iron, water-Prices of mass-produced textiles much cheaper than hand made garments
Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial
Revolution
Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial RevolutionTHE NEED FOR ENERGY-Early factories relied on horses, oxen, and water mills-Steam engine evolved in response to the need for powerHOW THE STEAM ENGINE WORKS-Steam forced from high to low pressure produces power
Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial RevolutionEFFECTS OF THE STEAM ENGINE-Steam power, used where ever coal existed, increased textile production-Improved mining, increased metals, in turn fueled other industries
Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution
Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution con’t
Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution con’t
Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial RevolutionTHE NEED FOR IRON-Iron was needed for farming tools, factory machinery, railways-Smelting makes iron more pure, but requires carbonTHE NEED FOR COAL-Carbon necessary for smelting iron-Steam engines powered by coal
EFFECTS OF IRON AND COAL-Britain produced more iron than all other countries of the world combined-Coal powered Britain’s enormous navy
Transportation
Transportation con’t
Stephenson’s Rocket
Transportation con’t
TransportationTHE NEED FOR BETTER TRANSPORATION-Increased production increased need to transport goods quicker and cheaper-Pre-Industrial society used horses, mules, and dirt roadsINVENTIONS-Stone led to asphalt roads-Canals-Railroad era ushered in with the Rocket in 1829
EFFECTS OF RAILROADS-Railroads expanded rapidly throughout Britain-Cheaper transportation increased production and profits-Railways fueled other industries: coal, steam engines, iron, steel, and many manufactured products
Sailboat Steamboat
Horse and Carriage
Steam Train
Gas LampsElectric Lighting
Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution GEOGRAPHY-Climate is good for textile production-Plenty of natural resources-iron and coal-Separation from European continent kept them out of warsGOVERNMENT-Internal trade encouraged-Population was allowed to move around-Helped build canals and roads
SOCIAL FACTORS-British society less rigid than other European countries
Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution COLONIAL EMPIRE-Colonies supplied raw materials for manufactured goods-Provided market for finished goods
ADVANTAGES OF INDUSTRIALIZING FIRST-No other countries competing for manufactured goods-Monopoly on technology
Marx
Owen
SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
~As more jobs became available the middle class grew. (bankers, merchants, lawyers, doctors, engineers, etc)
~Large houses~Leisure time~Fine clothes
THE MIDDLE CLASS
~People became wage earners, dependant of others instead of themselves.
~Clocks replace seasons as people’s work cycle.
~Factories were full of rules, farms were not.
~Life became difficult and monotonous~12 people in one room apartment~Illness, death or unemployment meant starvation.
CHANGES IN SOCIETY
~Workers lived in very small houses on cramped streets
~Shared toilet facilities-open sewers~Disease spread through contaminated water supply~Chest diseases from the mines, cholera, typhoid &
smallpox extremely common~The greatest killer in the cities was tuberculosis
~By the late 19th century, 70 to 90% of the urban populations of Europe and North America had TB
~40% of working-class deaths in cities were from TB
HOUSING
Dr. John Snow’sCholera map - 1854
~Children as young as six years old worked hard hours for little or no pay
~Children sometimes worked up to 19 hours a day, with a one-hour total break
~Children were paid only a fraction of what an adult would get
CHILD LABOR
In England and Scotland in 1788, 60% workers in cotton mills were children
~Many women & girls worked in manual labor-mines~Other jobs considered “women’s work” paid less
~Textile mills~Servants
~Middle Class women~Belonged at home~Had servants to do work and raise the children~Many never married~Improved education opened some professions like
teaching and nursing
WOMEN’S ISSUES:A GREAT STEP SIDEWAYS
~Life expectancy of children increased dramatically. ~75% children born in London died before the
age of five in 1730s, but only 32% in 1820s~Population of England by 1901was 30.5 million~Massive urbanization and the rise of new great
cities~In 1717 Manchester - a market town of
10,000, by 1911 – a city of 2.3 million
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE
Roberts
PICTOWORDSCreate a pictoword- symbolic
representations of words or phrases that demonstrate the meaning of INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.
Use at least 4 colors in your pictoword.
EXAMPLE:
ESCALATION
Create a pictoword- symbolic representations of words or phrases that demonstrate the meaning of INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.Use at least 4 colors.