Industrial Revolution Essential Question: How did new innovations change life? How did they contribute to regional differences between the North and South? I. Industrial Revolution Began in the 1700s in Britain the Textile industry (cloth-making). Began in the 1700s in Britain the Textile industry (cloth-making). Machines took the place of hand tools. Machines took the place of hand tools. Flowing water and steam engines became the source of energy. Flowing water and steam engines became the source of energy. a. Spinning Jenny Sped up the thread-making process. Sped up the thread-making process. Spun many threads at once. Spun many threads at once. B. Water Frame The water frame was a spinning machine powered by water. The water frame was a spinning machine powered by water. Textile mills were built to house the machines. Textile mills were built to house the machines. II. Factories The factory system brought workers and machinery in one place. The factory system brought workers and machinery in one place. Mills owners needed people to invest in their factories. Mills owners needed people to invest in their factories. Factories turned out huge profits. Factories turned out huge profits. 24 times as much thread was produced 24 times as much thread was produced Textile Mills Factories Manufacturing III. Steam Power Water was needed to power the machines but during dry season there was no power. Water was needed to power the machines but during dry season there was no power. 1790: 1 st steam-powered textile plant 1790: 1 st steam-powered textile plant The steam engine was a reliable source of power. The steam engine was a reliable source of power. Could be built in cities & women & children were cheap labor Could be built in cities & women & children were cheap labor Steam Engine IV. American Industrial Revolution England did not share its new technology. England did not share its new technology. Samuel Slater memorized Richard Arkwrights plans & sailed for New York. Samuel Slater memorized Richard Arkwrights plans & sailed for New York. Because of Slater, the U.S. produced cotton at a rate never before seen. Because of Slater, the U.S. produced cotton at a rate never before seen. American Industry Grows Industrialization began in the North (Northeast). Industrialization began in the North (Northeast). War of 1812 pushed Americans to manufacture their own goods. War of 1812 pushed Americans to manufacture their own goods. British blockade A. Lowell Mills Francis Cabot Lowell - opened a mill in Waltham, MA. Francis Cabot Lowell - opened a mill in Waltham, MA. His mill (textile factory) joined spinning & weaving in one building. His mill (textile factory) joined spinning & weaving in one building. Young girls worked in the mills & lived in boardinghouses. Young girls worked in the mills & lived in boardinghouses. Lowell Mills B. Mass Production & Interchangeable Parts Mass production: rapid manufacturing of large quantities of the identical object Mass production: rapid manufacturing of large quantities of the identical object Interchangeable parts: identical parts that could be used on different items. Interchangeable parts: identical parts that could be used on different items. unskilled workers could do this type of work Efficient Prices dropped C. Factory Life Factory life was harsh Factory life was harsh Children as young as 7 or 8 worked in factories- little time for education Children as young as 7 or 8 worked in factories- little time for education Conditions: Conditions: Poor light Little fresh air Workers injured often & employers did not compensate (pay) 12 to 14 hour days depending on the season NORTHSOUTH Diverse economy based on industry and agriculture Economy based on agriculture Large cities undergoing rapid urbanization Mainly rural with a few cities Massive immigration strengthened the economy Few immigrants Favored federal spending on internal improvements and wanted high tariffs Opposed federal spending on internal improvements and wanted no tariffs The Northeast was economically linked with the Midwest Sought to expand by creating more slave states Economy based on free labor Economy based on slave labor The North and South develop along different lines Homework Chapter 11.2 Assessment #s 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, & 4. Chapter 11.2 Assessment #s 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, & 4.